Variable Cycle Engine(VCE)serves as the core system in achieving future advanced fighters with cross-generational performance and mission versatility.However,the resultant complex configuration and strong coupling of ...Variable Cycle Engine(VCE)serves as the core system in achieving future advanced fighters with cross-generational performance and mission versatility.However,the resultant complex configuration and strong coupling of control parameters present significant challenges in designing acceleration and deceleration control schedules.To thoroughly explore the performance potential of engine,a global integration design method for acceleration and deceleration control schedule based on inner and outer loop optimization is proposed.The outer loop optimization module employs Integrated Surrogate-Assisted Co-Differential Evolutionary(ISACDE)algorithm to optimize the variable geometry adjustment laws based on B-spline curve,and the inner loop optimization module adopts the fixed-state method to design the open-loop fuel–air ratio control schedules,which are aimed at minimizing the acceleration and deceleration time under multiple constraints.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed global integration design method not only furthest shortens the acceleration and deceleration time,but also effectively safeguards the engine from overlimit.展开更多
Ips is a genus of bark beetles found throughout the Northern Hemisphere,many of which are highly destructive to conifer-ous forests and plantations.Fungal symbionts,especially ophiostomatoid fungi,have contributed to ...Ips is a genus of bark beetles found throughout the Northern Hemisphere,many of which are highly destructive to conifer-ous forests and plantations.Fungal symbionts,especially ophiostomatoid fungi,have contributed to the success of Ips bark beetles.Recently,climate change accelerated tree mortality caused by bark beetles and their fungal symbionts.However,the knowledge of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Ips bark beetles is inadequate in China.Therefore,this study investigated the ophiostomatoid fungal communities associated with different Ips bark beetles from various coniferous forest areas of China.A total of 14,512 ophiostomatoid fungal strains were isolated from 1265 vigorous adult beetles and 826 fresh galleries belonging to 11 Ips species infesting 16 coniferous tree species,including pines,spruces,and larches,from 42 sampling sites in nine provinces or autonomous regions in northeast,northwest and southwest China.Based on a combination of morpho-logical features and phylogenetic analysis,71 taxa belonging to eight genera were identified(Ceratocystiopsis,Graphilbum,Grosmannia,Leptographium,Masuyamyces,and Ophiostoma in Ophiostomatales;Endoconidiophora and Graphium in Microascales),of which 38 species were described as new.Comparing patterns of fungal assemblages indicated that fungal symbionts genetically co-differentiated with their vectors.Host trees possibly reinforce the coarse species-specific association between ophiostomatoid fungi and Ips bark beetles.This study further demonstrates the high diversity of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Ips bark beetles and provides insights into their symbiotic associations.展开更多
基金supported by the Basic Research on Dynamic Real-time Modeling and Onboard Adaptive Modeling of Aero Engine,China(No.QZPY202308)。
文摘Variable Cycle Engine(VCE)serves as the core system in achieving future advanced fighters with cross-generational performance and mission versatility.However,the resultant complex configuration and strong coupling of control parameters present significant challenges in designing acceleration and deceleration control schedules.To thoroughly explore the performance potential of engine,a global integration design method for acceleration and deceleration control schedule based on inner and outer loop optimization is proposed.The outer loop optimization module employs Integrated Surrogate-Assisted Co-Differential Evolutionary(ISACDE)algorithm to optimize the variable geometry adjustment laws based on B-spline curve,and the inner loop optimization module adopts the fixed-state method to design the open-loop fuel–air ratio control schedules,which are aimed at minimizing the acceleration and deceleration time under multiple constraints.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed global integration design method not only furthest shortens the acceleration and deceleration time,but also effectively safeguards the engine from overlimit.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(project no.32230071,32301598 and 32071769).
文摘Ips is a genus of bark beetles found throughout the Northern Hemisphere,many of which are highly destructive to conifer-ous forests and plantations.Fungal symbionts,especially ophiostomatoid fungi,have contributed to the success of Ips bark beetles.Recently,climate change accelerated tree mortality caused by bark beetles and their fungal symbionts.However,the knowledge of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Ips bark beetles is inadequate in China.Therefore,this study investigated the ophiostomatoid fungal communities associated with different Ips bark beetles from various coniferous forest areas of China.A total of 14,512 ophiostomatoid fungal strains were isolated from 1265 vigorous adult beetles and 826 fresh galleries belonging to 11 Ips species infesting 16 coniferous tree species,including pines,spruces,and larches,from 42 sampling sites in nine provinces or autonomous regions in northeast,northwest and southwest China.Based on a combination of morpho-logical features and phylogenetic analysis,71 taxa belonging to eight genera were identified(Ceratocystiopsis,Graphilbum,Grosmannia,Leptographium,Masuyamyces,and Ophiostoma in Ophiostomatales;Endoconidiophora and Graphium in Microascales),of which 38 species were described as new.Comparing patterns of fungal assemblages indicated that fungal symbionts genetically co-differentiated with their vectors.Host trees possibly reinforce the coarse species-specific association between ophiostomatoid fungi and Ips bark beetles.This study further demonstrates the high diversity of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Ips bark beetles and provides insights into their symbiotic associations.
