Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction has been considered a promising approach to neutralizing the global CO_(2)level.As an intriguing technique,metal-CO_(2)battery devices can not only capture CO_(2)into valuable carbonace...Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction has been considered a promising approach to neutralizing the global CO_(2)level.As an intriguing technique,metal-CO_(2)battery devices can not only capture CO_(2)into valuable carbonaceous chem-icals and reduce the CO_(2)concentration in the atmosphere but enable energy conversion.Among metal-CO_(2)batteries,aqueous Zn–CO_(2)batteries,especially rechargeable systems,exhibit flexible CO_(2)electrochemistry in terms of multi-carbon chemicals,which are gaseous or water-soluble,in favor of rechargeability and cycling durability of aqueous battery systems.Despite the increasing number of publications on Zn–CO_(2)batteries in the past three years,this field is still in its beginning stage and facing many challenges considering the capability of CO_(2)fixation and battery performance.Herein,we present a timely and overall summary of the recent progress in Zn–CO_(2)batteries,including fundamental mechanisms,affecting factors on electrochemical performance,catalyst cathodes,and electrolytes(catholytes and anolytes).Besides,we assess the application potential of Zn–CO_(2)batteries and compare this with those of alkali metal-CO_(2)batteries based on CO_(2)fixation and battery perfor-mance.Finally,we point out some current challenges for the further development of Zn–CO_(2)batteries and put forward perspectives of the research directions for practical applications of Zn–CO_(2)batteries in the future.展开更多
Traditional biodiesel production primarily uses methanol as the acyl acceptor,but its toxicity to lipase increases process complexity and operational difficulty elevate manufacturing costs.This study aimed to explore ...Traditional biodiesel production primarily uses methanol as the acyl acceptor,but its toxicity to lipase increases process complexity and operational difficulty elevate manufacturing costs.This study aimed to explore a new method for enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel with methyl methacrylate(MMA)as acyl acceptor.Meanwhile,a 1,3-position specific lipase Lipozyme RM IM was applied as biocatalyst,which enables simultaneous production of biodiesel(FAMEs)and methacrylate fatty acid glycerides(MFAGs)via specific sn-1,3 transesterification of MMA with triglyceride.Under the optimal reaction conditions:temperature of 50℃,molar ratio of 4:1 for MMA to triglyceride,enzyme dosage of 7.5%(mass),and an extra water addition of 0.5%(mass);triglyceride conversion rate of 97%,and FAMEs yield of 65%could be obtained.Simultaneously,the multistage short-path distillation and column chromatographic method were combined used for the separation of the mixed products.Finally,the purity of FAME,MFADG,DMFAG,and MMFAG were 98%,97.8%,95.3%,and 81.78%,respectively.In this new approach,MMA demonstrates lower toxicity to lipases,allowing for straightfo rward addition of all the substrates without complex addition process,and enhancing operational feasibility.Meanwhile,the by-products of MFAGs could be applied as monomers in varnishes and protective coatings,which increased the value of the products.Thus,this investigation providing an alternative way to produce biodiesel,and providing a new pathway for the sustainable development of biodiesel.展开更多
Based on the survey of saline lacustrine shales in the Permian Lucaogou Formation and Fengcheng Formation in the Junggar Basin,it is found that the sweet intervals of these shale oil strata are enriched with lithium.I...Based on the survey of saline lacustrine shales in the Permian Lucaogou Formation and Fengcheng Formation in the Junggar Basin,it is found that the sweet intervals of these shale oil strata are enriched with lithium.In certain intervals,lithium contents reach up to 700μg/g,with produced water concentrations estimated to 517.2μg/g—an underexplored resource with considerable potential that has yet to receive adequate attention.The sedimentary environment,depositional process,and geochemical characteristics of these intervals were analyzed,indicating that lithium enrichment in saline lacustrine shale is controlled by multiple factors during deposition and diagenesis.The salinity of lake water during sedimentation plays a key role in lithium accumulation,with lithium primarily concentrated in carbonate-rich intervals,and diagenesis further affects its distribution.To assess the potential for lithium co-production in shale oil development,future research should be based on the enrichment mechanisms of lithium and hydrocarbons in lacustrine shales,predict the distribution patterns of oil and lithium-rich intervals,and evaluate the economic feasibility of an“oil-lithium integrated sweet spot”.Efficient lithium extraction and environmental protection technologies need to be explored to optimize resource development.Saline lacustrine shale oil development not only ensures stable oil and gas supplies but also,if lithium co-production is realized,could enhance China’s lithium security,contributing significantly to the country’s energy transformation.展开更多
The interplay between human and ecological systems has evolved from traditional conservation approaches to integrated socio-ecological frameworks that emphasise the co-production of ecosystem services.This paper aims ...The interplay between human and ecological systems has evolved from traditional conservation approaches to integrated socio-ecological frameworks that emphasise the co-production of ecosystem services.This paper aims to inspire new research pathways to advance the Nature's Contributions to People(NCP)perspective by focusing on terraced agroecosystems as emblematic landscapes that exemplify this co-production.Informed by recent studies in sustainability science,and drawing on our experience in Mediterranean environments,we explore the transformative potential of these frameworks for understanding and managing terraced landscapes.Addressing their multifunctionality,the challenges they face,and their socio-cultural and ecological significance,we highlight the importance of bridging scientific insights with local knowledge and participatory practices.We examine the use of advanced biophysical assessments,mapping tools,and stakeholder-driven approaches to enhance field assessment,monitoring capabilities and tackle management challenges under changing socio-economic conditions.We stress the urgent need for education and capacity-building initiatives to counteract indigenous knowledge loss and sustain traditional practices.Looking to the future,we propose potential avenues for research and practice that integrate ecological,cultural,and governance dimensions,contributing to the long-term sustainability of terraced landscapes and informing broader efforts for sustainable land management in an era of rapid environmental change.展开更多
Ethylene(C_(2)H_(4))is conventionally produced by a high energy-consumption process based on the steam cracking of ethane(C_(2)H_(6)).In contrast,we presented a novel symmetrical solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)to coproduc...Ethylene(C_(2)H_(4))is conventionally produced by a high energy-consumption process based on the steam cracking of ethane(C_(2)H_(6)).In contrast,we presented a novel symmetrical solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)to coproduce electricity and C_(2)H_(4)through C_(2)H_(6)dehydrogenation.The symmetrical cell contains a thin Ba Zr_(0.1)Ce_(0.7)Y_(0.2)O_(3)(BZCY)electrolyte sandwiched between two thicker(PrBa)_(0.95)(Fe_(0.7)Ni_(0.2)Cu_(0.1))_(1.8)Mo_(0.2)O_(6-δ)impregnated BZCY(PBFNCM-BZCY)electrodes.The as-synthesized reduced-PBFNCM(R-PBFNCM)contained Fe-Ni-Cu alloy particles embedded on a double-perovskite matrix uniformly,while the electrode showed high oxygen vacancy concentration,electronic conductivity,redox stability,and activity for C_(2)H_(6)dehydrogenation with improved ethylene selectivity.The symmetrical cell demonstrated a peak power density of 409 mW cm^(-2)using C_(2)H_(6)as fuel,accompanying with a C_(2)H_(6)conversion of 51.2%,a C_(2)H_(4)selectivity of 92.5%,and a C_(2)H_(4)yield of 47.4%at 750℃and 750 mA cm^(-2).Despite carbon deposition occurred slowly in the anode,the deposited carbon was removed by simply switching C_(2)H_(6)and air between electrodes.Consequently,the cell voltage and C_(2)H_(4)yield recover by 91.4%and 98.1%,respectively,after three switches with an interval of 48 h,suggesting that the symmetrical SOFC is a promising solution for long-term continuous electricity and C_(2)H_(4)co-production by C_(2)H_(6)dehydrogenation.展开更多
Efficient detection of coalbed methane(CBM) co-production interference is the key to timely adjusting the development plan and improving the co-production efficiency. Based on production data of six typical CBM co-pro...Efficient detection of coalbed methane(CBM) co-production interference is the key to timely adjusting the development plan and improving the co-production efficiency. Based on production data of six typical CBM co-production wells in the Zhijin block of western Guizhou Province, China, the production characteristic curves, including production indication curve, curve of daily water production per unit drawdown of producing fluid level with time, and curve of water production per unit differential pressure with time have been analyzed to explore the response characteristics of co-production interference on the production characteristic curves. Based on the unit water inflow data of pumping test in coal measures, the critical value of in-situ water production of the CBM wells is 2 m^(3)/(d·m). The form and the slope of the initial linear section of the production indication curves have clear responses to the interference, which can be used to discriminate internal water source from external water source based on the critical slope value of 200 m^(3)/MPa in the initial linear section of the production indication curve. The time variation curves of water production per unit differential pressure can be divided into two morphological types: up-concave curve and down-concave curve. The former is represented by producing internal water with average daily gas production greater than 800 m^(3)/d, and the latter produces external water with average daily gas production smaller than 400 m^(3)/d. The method and critical indexes for recognition of CBM co-production interference based on the production characteristic curve are constructed. A template for discriminating interference of CBM co-production was constructed combined with the gas production efficiency analysis, which can provide reference for optimizing co-production engineering design and exploring economic and efficient co-production mode.展开更多
Single-atom photocatalysts(SAPCs)have attracted great interests due to their remarkable atom utilization efficiency,excellent activity,and selectivity,yet no application in synchronous biorefinery and water splitting....Single-atom photocatalysts(SAPCs)have attracted great interests due to their remarkable atom utilization efficiency,excellent activity,and selectivity,yet no application in synchronous biorefinery and water splitting.Here,efficient SAPCs based on atomically dispersed Zn atoms on carbon nitride(named Zn-mCN)were produced.Experiments verified that Zn-mCN has widened adsorption range of visible-light and lowered ability of electron-hole recombination,leading to excellent photocatalytic redox activity for synchronous biorefinery and water splitting to co-produce lactic acid(selectivity up to 91.0%)and hydrogen(-15898.8μmolg^(-1)h^(-1)).This system has excellent universality for small-molecule monosaccharides and macromolecular xylan.Poisoning experiments showed that h^(+),1O2,·O_(2)-and·OH can promote the simultaneous production of lactic acid and hydrogen.This work realized full utilization of whole redox reaction and provided a novel strategy for efficient and concomitant production of hydrogen and value-added chemicals from biomass-derived feedstocks aqueous solutions.展开更多
To increase the resilience of farmers’livelihood systems,detailed knowledge of adaptation strategies for dealing with the impacts of climate change is required.Knowledge co-production approach is an adaptation strate...To increase the resilience of farmers’livelihood systems,detailed knowledge of adaptation strategies for dealing with the impacts of climate change is required.Knowledge co-production approach is an adaptation strategy that is considered appropriate in the context of the increasing frequency of disasters caused by climate change.Previous research of knowledge co-production on climate change adaptation in Indonesia is insufficient,particularly at local level,so we examined the flow of climate change adaptation knowledge in the knowledge co-production process through climate field school(CFS)activities in this study.We interviewed 120 people living in Bulukumba Regency,South Sulawesi Province,Indonesia,involving 12 crowds including male and female farmers participated in CFS and not participated in CFS,local government officials,agriculture extension workers,agricultural traders,farmers’family members and neighbors,etc.In brief,the 12 groups of people mainly include two categories of people,i.e.,people involved in CFS activities and outside CFS.We applied descriptive method and Social network analysis(SNA)to determine how knowledge flow in the community network and which groups of actors are important for knowledge flow.The findings of this study reveal that participants in CFS activities convey the knowledge they acquired formally(i.e.,from TV,radio,government,etc.)and informally(i.e.,from market,friends,relatives,etc.)to other actors,especially to their families and neighbors.The results also show that the acquisition and sharing of knowledge facilitate the flow of climate change adaptation knowledge based on knowledge co-operation.In addition,the findings highlight the key role of actors in the knowledge transfer process,and key actors involved in disseminating information about climate change adaptation.To be specific,among all the actors,family member and neighbor of CFS actor are the most common actors in disseminating climate knowledge information and closest to other actors in the network;agricultural trader and family member of CFS actor collaborate most with other actors in the community network;and farmers participated in CFS,including those heads of farmer groups,agricultural extension workers,and local government officials are more willing to contact with other actors in the network.To facilitate the flow of knowledge on climate change adaptation,CFS activities should be conducted regularly and CFS models that fit the situation of farmers’vulnerability to climate change should be developed.展开更多
As an alternative to antibiotics in response to antimicrobial-resistant infections,bacteriophages(phages)are garnering renewed interest in recent years.However,the massive preparation of phage is restricted using trad...As an alternative to antibiotics in response to antimicrobial-resistant infections,bacteriophages(phages)are garnering renewed interest in recent years.However,the massive preparation of phage is restricted using traditional pathogens as host cells,which incurs additional costs and contamination.In this study,an opportunistic pathogen,Klebsiella pneumoniae used to convert glycerol to 1,3-propanediol(1,3-PDO),was reused to prepare phage after fermentation.The phage infection showed that the fed-batch fermentation broth containing 71.6 g/L 1,3-PDO can be directly used for preparation of phage with a titer of 1×10^(8) pfu/mL.Then,the two-step salting-out extraction was adopted to remove most impurities,e.g.acetic acid(93.5%),ethanol(91.5%)and cells(99.4%)at the first step,and obtain 1,3-PDO(56.6%)in the top phase as well as phage(97.4%)in the middle phase at the second step.This integrated process provides a cheap and environment-friendly manner for coproduction of 1,3-PDO and phage.展开更多
The traditional ammonia synthesis via the Haber–Bosch process requires large consumption of highpurity H_(2) and causes significant carbon emissions owing to the energy-intensive and complex hydrogen production steps...The traditional ammonia synthesis via the Haber–Bosch process requires large consumption of highpurity H_(2) and causes significant carbon emissions owing to the energy-intensive and complex hydrogen production steps conducted under harsh reaction conditions.Herein,we report a cyclic catalytic process for the production of NH_(3) by directly utilizing earth-abundant CH_(4) as a hydrogen source for N_(2) hydrogenation while simultaneously co-producing H_(2) over an alumina-supported iron catalyst(Fe/Al_(2)O_(3)).It achieves exceptional productivities of 2300μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)for NH_(3) and 400 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)for H_(2) at700℃.By eliminating the coke that results from CH_(4) pyrolysis through a reaction with the greenhouse gas CO_(2) to produce valuable CO,we establish an atom-economic cyclic catalytic process while producing a CO stream intrinsically separated in the regeneration step.Mechanistic investigations indicate that the iron species in Fe/Al_(2) O_(3) serve as tri-functional active sites for CH_(4) pyrolysis,N_(2) hydrogenation,and coke elimination to produce CO,thus enabling an efficient and environmentally friendly cyclic catalytic process.展开更多
Bacillus natto(B.natto)can produce various secondary metabolites,notably the coagulation-promoting menaquinone-7(MK-7)and the natural multifunctional biopolymer poly-γ-glutamic acid(γ-PGA).To enhance the economic fe...Bacillus natto(B.natto)can produce various secondary metabolites,notably the coagulation-promoting menaquinone-7(MK-7)and the natural multifunctional biopolymer poly-γ-glutamic acid(γ-PGA).To enhance the economic feasibility of the fermentation process.In this study,the ability to synthesize MK-7 of B.natto ND-1 was enhanced through atmospheric pressure room temperature plasma(ARTP)-induced mutagenesis.Subsequently,we found a significant amount ofγ-PGA in the fermentation product.Additionally,the fermentation medium and cultural conditions were rigorously optimized.An optimal medium composed of 70 g/L glycerol,200 g/L soy peptone,50 g/L yeast extract,and 0.04 g/L K_(2)HPO_(4) was obtained by Orthogonal experimental design.Following 96 h of liquid-state fermentation without agitation,the concentrations of MK-7 andγ-PGA were 48.31±3.17 mg/L and 92.53±2.71 g/L,respectively.These results suggested that the co-production of MK-7 andγ-PGA has demonstrated bioactivity and stability,providing a theoretical foundation for their potential application in the domains of food,medicine,and nutraceuticals.展开更多
This study examines the spillover effects of international film co-production using data on films released in the Chinese mainland from 2006 to 2018.The results indicate that local film producers can enhance their pro...This study examines the spillover effects of international film co-production using data on films released in the Chinese mainland from 2006 to 2018.The results indicate that local film producers can enhance their product performance by leveraging the expertise and practices of more sophisticated foreign firms during international co-productions.Heterogeneous effects were observed related to budget size,firm size,ownership structure,and cultural distance.These spillover effects can occur through two mechanisms:the demonstration effect(the adoption of more advanced technology)and the labor mobility effect(actors or directors upgrading their skills).An instrumental variable approach is employed to address endogeneity concerns.This study contributes to the spillover effects of international co-production,which has been neglected in the literature.Its empirical findings suggest that engaging in international co-production can potentially boost productivity for firms from developing countries.Host country governments may consider offering preferential policies to promote international co-production as an alternative to foreign direct investment(FDI),thereby fostering positive spillover effects.展开更多
The application of big data technology provides support for the co-production of public safety services.Existing research often focuses on how technology influences co-production,but lacks attention to the key actors ...The application of big data technology provides support for the co-production of public safety services.Existing research often focuses on how technology influences co-production,but lacks attention to the key actors that drive co-production and the mechanisms that facilitate it.This study examines the role of government in the digital co-production of public safety services,using the practice of Shenzhen as a case study.Shenzhen has built 125 information systems based on over 100 billion pieces of big data,forming a model of digital safety service co-production.The study reveals three types of digital co-production,characterized by"government-business joint planning,passive participation of businesses and the public,and active cooperation among government,businesses,and the public"in the"design-production-application"stages.The study shows that the government is not only a co-producer but also a proactive actor in activating the willingness of non-governmental entities to participate.Local governments mobilize non-governmental participation through three mechanisms:empowerment,profit enhancement,and value co-creation.The"power-interest-value"paradigm is applicable for analyzing the co-production of public services and helps to explain the transformation mechanisms of co-production behavior.展开更多
In this work,CH4 isothermal adsorption measurements were carried out on 64 coal samples collected from western Guizhou Province of China,and the coalbed methane(CBM)desorption processes were quantitatively analyzed.Th...In this work,CH4 isothermal adsorption measurements were carried out on 64 coal samples collected from western Guizhou Province of China,and the coalbed methane(CBM)desorption processes were quantitatively analyzed.The results show that the Langmuir volume and the Langmuir pressure are controlled by coalification,and tend to increase as the vitrinite reflectance changes from 0.98% to 4.3%.Based on a division method of CBM desorption stages,the CBM desorption process were divided into four stages(inefficient,slow,fast and sensitive desorption stages)by three key pressure nodes(the initial,turning and sensitive pressures).The fast and sensitive desorption stages with high desorption efficiency are the key for achieving high gas production.A theoretical chart of the critical desorption pressure(P_(cd))and its relationship with different pressure nodes was established.The higher-rank coals have the higher initial,turning and sensitive pressures,with larger difference between pressure nodes.Most CBM wells only undergo partial desorption stages due to the differences in P_(cd) caused by the present-gas content.Under the same gas content conditions,the higher the coal rank,the less desorption stages that CBM needs to go through.During coalbed methane co-production from multiple coal seams within vertically superposed pressure systems,the reservoir pressure,the P_(cd),the initial working liquid level(WLL)height,and coal depth are key factors for evaluating whether coal seams can produce CBM simultaneously.It must be ensured that each production layer enters at least the fast desorption stage prior to that the WLL was lower than the depth of each layer.Only on this basis can all layers achieve the maximum gas production.展开更多
Global freshwater scarcity and energy shortages demand integrated solutions.To overcome limitations of traditional solar evaporators,such as salt accumulation,thermal dissipation,and material scalability issues,this s...Global freshwater scarcity and energy shortages demand integrated solutions.To overcome limitations of traditional solar evaporators,such as salt accumulation,thermal dissipation,and material scalability issues,this study presents a biomass-derived three-dimensional(3D)aerogel-based dual-function solar evaporator that simultaneously achieves ultra-high freshwater production and continuous electricity generation.By ingeniously integrating a superhydrophobic inner layer for thermal insulation and buoyancy with a hydrophilic photothermal outer layer for rapid water transport and solar absorption,our design overcomes the trade-offs between evaporation efficiency,salt resistance,and energy loss.The evaporator exhibits exceptional dual performance:an evaporation rate of 3.87 kg m^(-2)h-1(1 sun)and a sustained open-circuit voltage of 222.6 mV,surpassing most reported systems.This synergy originates from ion gradient-driven streaming potentials enabled by selective Na^(+) transport through–COOH/C–OH functionalized microchannels,as verified by molecular dynamics simulations.Crucially,the fabrication process utilizes low-cost biomass materials and scalable techniques,demonstrating significant potential for commercialization.This work not only provides a mechanistic understanding of ion-selective transport in dual-function evaporators but also establishes a paradigm for sustainable co-production of clean water and renewable energy,addressing two pressing global challenges through a single and scalable platform.展开更多
Coal measure gas(CMG),referring to natural gas stored in coal measures,as well as its existence,exploration and production,has been highly concerned recently in natural gas sector in China,and pilot tests of which hav...Coal measure gas(CMG),referring to natural gas stored in coal measures,as well as its existence,exploration and production,has been highly concerned recently in natural gas sector in China,and pilot tests of which have been succeeded with some achievements.To provide new geological references,this paper discussed the research progress in CMG co-existence and pooling factors in the respects of the tightening mechanism of coal measure sandstone reservoirs,CMG co-existence and gas pooling assemblages,the superimposed CMG system,and so on.The following findings were obtained.(1)The particularities of CMG geological conditions are shown in three aspects:First,the occurrence and reservoir lithology of CMG are diverse,and the accumulation of sandstone gas in coal measures may be different from that of conventional sandstone gas.Second,the sedimentary environment of coal measures causes the frequent and thin interbedding with various lithologic reservoirs,strong cyclicity and complex gasewater relationship,and the Surat-type CMG is worthy of attention.And third,the sandstone reservoirs in coal measures are embedded in the wide overlying mudstones,the special sourceereservoir match and composite gas reservoirs need to develop adaptive co-exploration and co-production technology.(2)The coal measures are rich in organic matters,and a large number of the organic acids are formed during gas generation from the source rocks,which are important factors for the densification of the sandstone reservoirs in coal measures.And the sandstone reservoirs in coal measures may be characteristic of self-generating and self-storing gas and adsorption to a certain extent,and their physical properties can be improved by organic detritus in the reservoirs.(3)The sedimentology of coal measures defines four generalities for favorable CMG accumulation,but effect of the gas-generating intensity,gas migration system,formation fluid energy and effective regional caprock thickness to the accumulation are variable.The natural gas generated in source rocks is re-allocated with a special migration system in a complex sourceereservoir system,which is an important basis of CMG accumulation.(4)The superimposition of the gas-bearing system is one of the leading problems in CMG research.In recent years,the logging response identification technology of key strata and the superposition identification method of the gas-bearing system have been further developed.It is found that there are three typical types of fluid pressure curves in coal measures.At the same time,the CMG co-accumulation in the whole sense requires a certain threshold depth.Based on the progress above,the theory of CMG accumulation has been improved and deepened,which is helpful in providing more pertinent suggestions for the development of the joint CMG exploration and production technology.展开更多
Tea is an important global commodity,with important tea-growing regions spanning across South America,Africa,and Asia,and burgeoning smaller-scale and artisanal tea production in the UK and Europe.In each of these reg...Tea is an important global commodity,with important tea-growing regions spanning across South America,Africa,and Asia,and burgeoning smaller-scale and artisanal tea production in the UK and Europe.In each of these regions,the quality and quantity of tea production,with their economic and social consequences,are highly sensitive to variations in the climate on both short-term weather,seasonal and climate change timescales.The provision of tailored climate information in a timely and accessible manner through the development,delivery and use of climate services can help tea-farmers and other relevant stakeholders better understand the impacts of climate variability and climate change on decision-making and a range of adaptive actions.This paper presents an overview of the Tea-CUP project(Co-developing Useful Predictions),a joint initiative between UK and Chinese partners,which aims to develop and implement solutions for improving robust decision-making.Co-production principles are core,ensuring that the resultant climate services are usable and useful;users'needs are met through close engagement and joint research and decision-making.The paper also reports on the exchange of knowledge and experiences,such as between tea growers in China and the UK,which has resulted from this collaborative work,fostering global knowledge sharing,enriching understanding,and driving innovation by integrating diverse perspectives and expertise from different countries.This is an unintended but valuable side-effect of the collaborative approach taken and highlights the benefits of a highly relational and multidisciplinary approach to climate services development that will inform future work in the field.展开更多
A sodium–zinc sorbent based flue gas desulfurization technology(Na–Zn-FGD) was proposed based on the experiments and analyses of the thermal decomposition characteristics of Ca SO3 and Zn SO3·2.5H2 O, the waste...A sodium–zinc sorbent based flue gas desulfurization technology(Na–Zn-FGD) was proposed based on the experiments and analyses of the thermal decomposition characteristics of Ca SO3 and Zn SO3·2.5H2 O, the waste products of calcium-based semi-dry and zinc-based flue gas desulfurization(Ca–SD-FGD and Zn–SD-FGD) technologies, respectively. It was found that Zn SO3·2.5H2 O first lost crystal H2 O at 100 °C and then decomposed into SO2 and solid Zn O at 260 °C in the air, while Ca SO3 is oxidized at 450 °C before it decomposed in the air. The experimental results confirm that Zn–SD-FGD technology is good for SO2 removal and recycling, but with problem in clogging and high operational cost. The proposed Na–Zn-FGD is clogging proof, and more cost-effective. In the new process, Na2CO3 is used to generate Na2SO3 for SO2absorption, and the intermediate product Na HSO3 reacts with Zn O powders, producing Zn SO3·2.5H2 O precipitate and Na2SO3 solution. The Na2SO3 solution is clogging proof, which is re-used for SO2 absorption. By thermal decomposition of Zn SO3·2.5H2 O, Zn O is re-generated and SO2 with high purity is co-produced as well. The cycle consumes some amount of raw material Na2CO3 and a small amount of Zn O only. The newly proposed FGD technology could be a substitute of the traditional semi-dry FGD technologies.展开更多
In recent years, public management literature has focused its attention on communities＇ role in public service design, production, and delivery. The present paper is focused on the review of the main academic contrib...In recent years, public management literature has focused its attention on communities＇ role in public service design, production, and delivery. The present paper is focused on the review of the main academic contributions describing the most common models that frame citizens＇ engagement in service co-production. Among these models, a specific attention has been paid to one of the most recent： the ＂we-government＂ paradigm. Consequently, to better understand we-government conversational and cooperative potential, the analysis has also interested the influence of recent mass collaboration channels and in particular of social media on citizens engagement in public service co-production, in order to better understand how and when they act as local and national governments＇ partners. To support theoretical evidences, a case study analysis has been conducted in order to cheek the appliance of a we-government platform to a specific area. In particular, it has been analyzed the FixMyStreet social platform and its implementation in the city of Gloucester （UK）.展开更多
China still has 556 million rural vulnerable population in 2021,and rural revitalization has become China’s national development strategy.On December 8,2022,the author conducted an in-depth interview with the coordin...China still has 556 million rural vulnerable population in 2021,and rural revitalization has become China’s national development strategy.On December 8,2022,the author conducted an in-depth interview with the coordinator of Cloud City Company,a leading enterprise in Haishen Village,Huinan Township,Pudong New Area in Shanghai.This case sketches a panoramic picture of the co-production in Haishen Village through a qualitative research method of narrative inquiries.It provides what has happened in Haishen Village with the detailed description and some comments on Shanghai rural revitalization.This paper also raised many arguable questions to be further discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Project 2019YFA0705104GRF under Project CityU11212920.
文摘Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction has been considered a promising approach to neutralizing the global CO_(2)level.As an intriguing technique,metal-CO_(2)battery devices can not only capture CO_(2)into valuable carbonaceous chem-icals and reduce the CO_(2)concentration in the atmosphere but enable energy conversion.Among metal-CO_(2)batteries,aqueous Zn–CO_(2)batteries,especially rechargeable systems,exhibit flexible CO_(2)electrochemistry in terms of multi-carbon chemicals,which are gaseous or water-soluble,in favor of rechargeability and cycling durability of aqueous battery systems.Despite the increasing number of publications on Zn–CO_(2)batteries in the past three years,this field is still in its beginning stage and facing many challenges considering the capability of CO_(2)fixation and battery performance.Herein,we present a timely and overall summary of the recent progress in Zn–CO_(2)batteries,including fundamental mechanisms,affecting factors on electrochemical performance,catalyst cathodes,and electrolytes(catholytes and anolytes).Besides,we assess the application potential of Zn–CO_(2)batteries and compare this with those of alkali metal-CO_(2)batteries based on CO_(2)fixation and battery perfor-mance.Finally,we point out some current challenges for the further development of Zn–CO_(2)batteries and put forward perspectives of the research directions for practical applications of Zn–CO_(2)batteries in the future.
文摘Traditional biodiesel production primarily uses methanol as the acyl acceptor,but its toxicity to lipase increases process complexity and operational difficulty elevate manufacturing costs.This study aimed to explore a new method for enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel with methyl methacrylate(MMA)as acyl acceptor.Meanwhile,a 1,3-position specific lipase Lipozyme RM IM was applied as biocatalyst,which enables simultaneous production of biodiesel(FAMEs)and methacrylate fatty acid glycerides(MFAGs)via specific sn-1,3 transesterification of MMA with triglyceride.Under the optimal reaction conditions:temperature of 50℃,molar ratio of 4:1 for MMA to triglyceride,enzyme dosage of 7.5%(mass),and an extra water addition of 0.5%(mass);triglyceride conversion rate of 97%,and FAMEs yield of 65%could be obtained.Simultaneously,the multistage short-path distillation and column chromatographic method were combined used for the separation of the mixed products.Finally,the purity of FAME,MFADG,DMFAG,and MMFAG were 98%,97.8%,95.3%,and 81.78%,respectively.In this new approach,MMA demonstrates lower toxicity to lipases,allowing for straightfo rward addition of all the substrates without complex addition process,and enhancing operational feasibility.Meanwhile,the by-products of MFAGs could be applied as monomers in varnishes and protective coatings,which increased the value of the products.Thus,this investigation providing an alternative way to produce biodiesel,and providing a new pathway for the sustainable development of biodiesel.
基金upported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42090021).
文摘Based on the survey of saline lacustrine shales in the Permian Lucaogou Formation and Fengcheng Formation in the Junggar Basin,it is found that the sweet intervals of these shale oil strata are enriched with lithium.In certain intervals,lithium contents reach up to 700μg/g,with produced water concentrations estimated to 517.2μg/g—an underexplored resource with considerable potential that has yet to receive adequate attention.The sedimentary environment,depositional process,and geochemical characteristics of these intervals were analyzed,indicating that lithium enrichment in saline lacustrine shale is controlled by multiple factors during deposition and diagenesis.The salinity of lake water during sedimentation plays a key role in lithium accumulation,with lithium primarily concentrated in carbonate-rich intervals,and diagenesis further affects its distribution.To assess the potential for lithium co-production in shale oil development,future research should be based on the enrichment mechanisms of lithium and hydrocarbons in lacustrine shales,predict the distribution patterns of oil and lithium-rich intervals,and evaluate the economic feasibility of an“oil-lithium integrated sweet spot”.Efficient lithium extraction and environmental protection technologies need to be explored to optimize resource development.Saline lacustrine shale oil development not only ensures stable oil and gas supplies but also,if lithium co-production is realized,could enhance China’s lithium security,contributing significantly to the country’s energy transformation.
基金supported by the projects REACT4MED—Inclusive Outscaling of Agro-Ecosystem Restoration Actions for the Mediterranean,which is part of the PRIMA Programme supported by the European Union under Horizon 2020(Grant No.2122,Horizon 2020)SELINA—Science for Evidence-based and Sustainable Decisions about Natural Capital,funded by the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme(Grant No.101060415)。
文摘The interplay between human and ecological systems has evolved from traditional conservation approaches to integrated socio-ecological frameworks that emphasise the co-production of ecosystem services.This paper aims to inspire new research pathways to advance the Nature's Contributions to People(NCP)perspective by focusing on terraced agroecosystems as emblematic landscapes that exemplify this co-production.Informed by recent studies in sustainability science,and drawing on our experience in Mediterranean environments,we explore the transformative potential of these frameworks for understanding and managing terraced landscapes.Addressing their multifunctionality,the challenges they face,and their socio-cultural and ecological significance,we highlight the importance of bridging scientific insights with local knowledge and participatory practices.We examine the use of advanced biophysical assessments,mapping tools,and stakeholder-driven approaches to enhance field assessment,monitoring capabilities and tackle management challenges under changing socio-economic conditions.We stress the urgent need for education and capacity-building initiatives to counteract indigenous knowledge loss and sustain traditional practices.Looking to the future,we propose potential avenues for research and practice that integrate ecological,cultural,and governance dimensions,contributing to the long-term sustainability of terraced landscapes and informing broader efforts for sustainable land management in an era of rapid environmental change.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFF0506300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52472202 and 52272205)Hubei Province Science and Technology Program(Nos.2024EHA045,2024BCB073)
文摘Ethylene(C_(2)H_(4))is conventionally produced by a high energy-consumption process based on the steam cracking of ethane(C_(2)H_(6)).In contrast,we presented a novel symmetrical solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)to coproduce electricity and C_(2)H_(4)through C_(2)H_(6)dehydrogenation.The symmetrical cell contains a thin Ba Zr_(0.1)Ce_(0.7)Y_(0.2)O_(3)(BZCY)electrolyte sandwiched between two thicker(PrBa)_(0.95)(Fe_(0.7)Ni_(0.2)Cu_(0.1))_(1.8)Mo_(0.2)O_(6-δ)impregnated BZCY(PBFNCM-BZCY)electrodes.The as-synthesized reduced-PBFNCM(R-PBFNCM)contained Fe-Ni-Cu alloy particles embedded on a double-perovskite matrix uniformly,while the electrode showed high oxygen vacancy concentration,electronic conductivity,redox stability,and activity for C_(2)H_(6)dehydrogenation with improved ethylene selectivity.The symmetrical cell demonstrated a peak power density of 409 mW cm^(-2)using C_(2)H_(6)as fuel,accompanying with a C_(2)H_(6)conversion of 51.2%,a C_(2)H_(4)selectivity of 92.5%,and a C_(2)H_(4)yield of 47.4%at 750℃and 750 mA cm^(-2).Despite carbon deposition occurred slowly in the anode,the deposited carbon was removed by simply switching C_(2)H_(6)and air between electrodes.Consequently,the cell voltage and C_(2)H_(4)yield recover by 91.4%and 98.1%,respectively,after three switches with an interval of 48 h,suggesting that the symmetrical SOFC is a promising solution for long-term continuous electricity and C_(2)H_(4)co-production by C_(2)H_(6)dehydrogenation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(42002195)National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05044)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42130802)。
文摘Efficient detection of coalbed methane(CBM) co-production interference is the key to timely adjusting the development plan and improving the co-production efficiency. Based on production data of six typical CBM co-production wells in the Zhijin block of western Guizhou Province, China, the production characteristic curves, including production indication curve, curve of daily water production per unit drawdown of producing fluid level with time, and curve of water production per unit differential pressure with time have been analyzed to explore the response characteristics of co-production interference on the production characteristic curves. Based on the unit water inflow data of pumping test in coal measures, the critical value of in-situ water production of the CBM wells is 2 m^(3)/(d·m). The form and the slope of the initial linear section of the production indication curves have clear responses to the interference, which can be used to discriminate internal water source from external water source based on the critical slope value of 200 m^(3)/MPa in the initial linear section of the production indication curve. The time variation curves of water production per unit differential pressure can be divided into two morphological types: up-concave curve and down-concave curve. The former is represented by producing internal water with average daily gas production greater than 800 m^(3)/d, and the latter produces external water with average daily gas production smaller than 400 m^(3)/d. The method and critical indexes for recognition of CBM co-production interference based on the production characteristic curve are constructed. A template for discriminating interference of CBM co-production was constructed combined with the gas production efficiency analysis, which can provide reference for optimizing co-production engineering design and exploring economic and efficient co-production mode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22008018)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M670716)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(No.2020-MS-272)the Foundation of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp&Papermaking and Pollution Control,College of Light Industry and Food Engineering,Guangxi University(No.2021KF08)Dalian City Outstanding Talent Project(No.2019RD13)the Start-up Fund for Doctoral Research of Dalian Polytechnic University(No.2020–07)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking,Qilu University of Technology,Shandong Academy of Sciences(No.KF201914)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Plant Fiber Functional Materials(No.2020KFJJ06).
文摘Single-atom photocatalysts(SAPCs)have attracted great interests due to their remarkable atom utilization efficiency,excellent activity,and selectivity,yet no application in synchronous biorefinery and water splitting.Here,efficient SAPCs based on atomically dispersed Zn atoms on carbon nitride(named Zn-mCN)were produced.Experiments verified that Zn-mCN has widened adsorption range of visible-light and lowered ability of electron-hole recombination,leading to excellent photocatalytic redox activity for synchronous biorefinery and water splitting to co-produce lactic acid(selectivity up to 91.0%)and hydrogen(-15898.8μmolg^(-1)h^(-1)).This system has excellent universality for small-molecule monosaccharides and macromolecular xylan.Poisoning experiments showed that h^(+),1O2,·O_(2)-and·OH can promote the simultaneous production of lactic acid and hydrogen.This work realized full utilization of whole redox reaction and provided a novel strategy for efficient and concomitant production of hydrogen and value-added chemicals from biomass-derived feedstocks aqueous solutions.
文摘To increase the resilience of farmers’livelihood systems,detailed knowledge of adaptation strategies for dealing with the impacts of climate change is required.Knowledge co-production approach is an adaptation strategy that is considered appropriate in the context of the increasing frequency of disasters caused by climate change.Previous research of knowledge co-production on climate change adaptation in Indonesia is insufficient,particularly at local level,so we examined the flow of climate change adaptation knowledge in the knowledge co-production process through climate field school(CFS)activities in this study.We interviewed 120 people living in Bulukumba Regency,South Sulawesi Province,Indonesia,involving 12 crowds including male and female farmers participated in CFS and not participated in CFS,local government officials,agriculture extension workers,agricultural traders,farmers’family members and neighbors,etc.In brief,the 12 groups of people mainly include two categories of people,i.e.,people involved in CFS activities and outside CFS.We applied descriptive method and Social network analysis(SNA)to determine how knowledge flow in the community network and which groups of actors are important for knowledge flow.The findings of this study reveal that participants in CFS activities convey the knowledge they acquired formally(i.e.,from TV,radio,government,etc.)and informally(i.e.,from market,friends,relatives,etc.)to other actors,especially to their families and neighbors.The results also show that the acquisition and sharing of knowledge facilitate the flow of climate change adaptation knowledge based on knowledge co-operation.In addition,the findings highlight the key role of actors in the knowledge transfer process,and key actors involved in disseminating information about climate change adaptation.To be specific,among all the actors,family member and neighbor of CFS actor are the most common actors in disseminating climate knowledge information and closest to other actors in the network;agricultural trader and family member of CFS actor collaborate most with other actors in the community network;and farmers participated in CFS,including those heads of farmer groups,agricultural extension workers,and local government officials are more willing to contact with other actors in the network.To facilitate the flow of knowledge on climate change adaptation,CFS activities should be conducted regularly and CFS models that fit the situation of farmers’vulnerability to climate change should be developed.
基金Funding was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22078042).
文摘As an alternative to antibiotics in response to antimicrobial-resistant infections,bacteriophages(phages)are garnering renewed interest in recent years.However,the massive preparation of phage is restricted using traditional pathogens as host cells,which incurs additional costs and contamination.In this study,an opportunistic pathogen,Klebsiella pneumoniae used to convert glycerol to 1,3-propanediol(1,3-PDO),was reused to prepare phage after fermentation.The phage infection showed that the fed-batch fermentation broth containing 71.6 g/L 1,3-PDO can be directly used for preparation of phage with a titer of 1×10^(8) pfu/mL.Then,the two-step salting-out extraction was adopted to remove most impurities,e.g.acetic acid(93.5%),ethanol(91.5%)and cells(99.4%)at the first step,and obtain 1,3-PDO(56.6%)in the top phase as well as phage(97.4%)in the middle phase at the second step.This integrated process provides a cheap and environment-friendly manner for coproduction of 1,3-PDO and phage.
基金financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1504500 and 2023YFA1506300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22588201,22225204,and 22472169)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0600100)Liaoning Binhai Laboratory(LBLG-2024-03)。
文摘The traditional ammonia synthesis via the Haber–Bosch process requires large consumption of highpurity H_(2) and causes significant carbon emissions owing to the energy-intensive and complex hydrogen production steps conducted under harsh reaction conditions.Herein,we report a cyclic catalytic process for the production of NH_(3) by directly utilizing earth-abundant CH_(4) as a hydrogen source for N_(2) hydrogenation while simultaneously co-producing H_(2) over an alumina-supported iron catalyst(Fe/Al_(2)O_(3)).It achieves exceptional productivities of 2300μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)for NH_(3) and 400 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)for H_(2) at700℃.By eliminating the coke that results from CH_(4) pyrolysis through a reaction with the greenhouse gas CO_(2) to produce valuable CO,we establish an atom-economic cyclic catalytic process while producing a CO stream intrinsically separated in the regeneration step.Mechanistic investigations indicate that the iron species in Fe/Al_(2) O_(3) serve as tri-functional active sites for CH_(4) pyrolysis,N_(2) hydrogenation,and coke elimination to produce CO,thus enabling an efficient and environmentally friendly cyclic catalytic process.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFA0917900)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.JUSRP202504023).
文摘Bacillus natto(B.natto)can produce various secondary metabolites,notably the coagulation-promoting menaquinone-7(MK-7)and the natural multifunctional biopolymer poly-γ-glutamic acid(γ-PGA).To enhance the economic feasibility of the fermentation process.In this study,the ability to synthesize MK-7 of B.natto ND-1 was enhanced through atmospheric pressure room temperature plasma(ARTP)-induced mutagenesis.Subsequently,we found a significant amount ofγ-PGA in the fermentation product.Additionally,the fermentation medium and cultural conditions were rigorously optimized.An optimal medium composed of 70 g/L glycerol,200 g/L soy peptone,50 g/L yeast extract,and 0.04 g/L K_(2)HPO_(4) was obtained by Orthogonal experimental design.Following 96 h of liquid-state fermentation without agitation,the concentrations of MK-7 andγ-PGA were 48.31±3.17 mg/L and 92.53±2.71 g/L,respectively.These results suggested that the co-production of MK-7 andγ-PGA has demonstrated bioactivity and stability,providing a theoretical foundation for their potential application in the domains of food,medicine,and nutraceuticals.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72403021)Beijing Municipal Social Science Foundation(No.22JCC091)+2 种基金National Social Science Foundation of China(No.20210052)Program for Innovation Research in Central University of Finance and Economicsand Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-BR-23-08B).
文摘This study examines the spillover effects of international film co-production using data on films released in the Chinese mainland from 2006 to 2018.The results indicate that local film producers can enhance their product performance by leveraging the expertise and practices of more sophisticated foreign firms during international co-productions.Heterogeneous effects were observed related to budget size,firm size,ownership structure,and cultural distance.These spillover effects can occur through two mechanisms:the demonstration effect(the adoption of more advanced technology)and the labor mobility effect(actors or directors upgrading their skills).An instrumental variable approach is employed to address endogeneity concerns.This study contributes to the spillover effects of international co-production,which has been neglected in the literature.Its empirical findings suggest that engaging in international co-production can potentially boost productivity for firms from developing countries.Host country governments may consider offering preferential policies to promote international co-production as an alternative to foreign direct investment(FDI),thereby fostering positive spillover effects.
文摘The application of big data technology provides support for the co-production of public safety services.Existing research often focuses on how technology influences co-production,but lacks attention to the key actors that drive co-production and the mechanisms that facilitate it.This study examines the role of government in the digital co-production of public safety services,using the practice of Shenzhen as a case study.Shenzhen has built 125 information systems based on over 100 billion pieces of big data,forming a model of digital safety service co-production.The study reveals three types of digital co-production,characterized by"government-business joint planning,passive participation of businesses and the public,and active cooperation among government,businesses,and the public"in the"design-production-application"stages.The study shows that the government is not only a co-producer but also a proactive actor in activating the willingness of non-governmental entities to participate.Local governments mobilize non-governmental participation through three mechanisms:empowerment,profit enhancement,and value co-creation.The"power-interest-value"paradigm is applicable for analyzing the co-production of public services and helps to explain the transformation mechanisms of co-production behavior.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42130802, 41772132), the Major Projects of Ningxia Key Research and Development Plan (No. 2020BFG2003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2652019095)the Key Technologies R&D Programme of PetroChina Company Limited (No. 2021DJ2306).
文摘In this work,CH4 isothermal adsorption measurements were carried out on 64 coal samples collected from western Guizhou Province of China,and the coalbed methane(CBM)desorption processes were quantitatively analyzed.The results show that the Langmuir volume and the Langmuir pressure are controlled by coalification,and tend to increase as the vitrinite reflectance changes from 0.98% to 4.3%.Based on a division method of CBM desorption stages,the CBM desorption process were divided into four stages(inefficient,slow,fast and sensitive desorption stages)by three key pressure nodes(the initial,turning and sensitive pressures).The fast and sensitive desorption stages with high desorption efficiency are the key for achieving high gas production.A theoretical chart of the critical desorption pressure(P_(cd))and its relationship with different pressure nodes was established.The higher-rank coals have the higher initial,turning and sensitive pressures,with larger difference between pressure nodes.Most CBM wells only undergo partial desorption stages due to the differences in P_(cd) caused by the present-gas content.Under the same gas content conditions,the higher the coal rank,the less desorption stages that CBM needs to go through.During coalbed methane co-production from multiple coal seams within vertically superposed pressure systems,the reservoir pressure,the P_(cd),the initial working liquid level(WLL)height,and coal depth are key factors for evaluating whether coal seams can produce CBM simultaneously.It must be ensured that each production layer enters at least the fast desorption stage prior to that the WLL was lower than the depth of each layer.Only on this basis can all layers achieve the maximum gas production.
文摘Global freshwater scarcity and energy shortages demand integrated solutions.To overcome limitations of traditional solar evaporators,such as salt accumulation,thermal dissipation,and material scalability issues,this study presents a biomass-derived three-dimensional(3D)aerogel-based dual-function solar evaporator that simultaneously achieves ultra-high freshwater production and continuous electricity generation.By ingeniously integrating a superhydrophobic inner layer for thermal insulation and buoyancy with a hydrophilic photothermal outer layer for rapid water transport and solar absorption,our design overcomes the trade-offs between evaporation efficiency,salt resistance,and energy loss.The evaporator exhibits exceptional dual performance:an evaporation rate of 3.87 kg m^(-2)h-1(1 sun)and a sustained open-circuit voltage of 222.6 mV,surpassing most reported systems.This synergy originates from ion gradient-driven streaming potentials enabled by selective Na^(+) transport through–COOH/C–OH functionalized microchannels,as verified by molecular dynamics simulations.Crucially,the fabrication process utilizes low-cost biomass materials and scalable techniques,demonstrating significant potential for commercialization.This work not only provides a mechanistic understanding of ion-selective transport in dual-function evaporators but also establishes a paradigm for sustainable co-production of clean water and renewable energy,addressing two pressing global challenges through a single and scalable platform.
基金supported by the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of China"Study on Dynamic Balance Mechanism of Deep Coal Measure Gas System"(No.41530314)the Special and Significant Project of National Science and Technology(Nos.2016ZX05066-01,2016ZX05044-02).
文摘Coal measure gas(CMG),referring to natural gas stored in coal measures,as well as its existence,exploration and production,has been highly concerned recently in natural gas sector in China,and pilot tests of which have been succeeded with some achievements.To provide new geological references,this paper discussed the research progress in CMG co-existence and pooling factors in the respects of the tightening mechanism of coal measure sandstone reservoirs,CMG co-existence and gas pooling assemblages,the superimposed CMG system,and so on.The following findings were obtained.(1)The particularities of CMG geological conditions are shown in three aspects:First,the occurrence and reservoir lithology of CMG are diverse,and the accumulation of sandstone gas in coal measures may be different from that of conventional sandstone gas.Second,the sedimentary environment of coal measures causes the frequent and thin interbedding with various lithologic reservoirs,strong cyclicity and complex gasewater relationship,and the Surat-type CMG is worthy of attention.And third,the sandstone reservoirs in coal measures are embedded in the wide overlying mudstones,the special sourceereservoir match and composite gas reservoirs need to develop adaptive co-exploration and co-production technology.(2)The coal measures are rich in organic matters,and a large number of the organic acids are formed during gas generation from the source rocks,which are important factors for the densification of the sandstone reservoirs in coal measures.And the sandstone reservoirs in coal measures may be characteristic of self-generating and self-storing gas and adsorption to a certain extent,and their physical properties can be improved by organic detritus in the reservoirs.(3)The sedimentology of coal measures defines four generalities for favorable CMG accumulation,but effect of the gas-generating intensity,gas migration system,formation fluid energy and effective regional caprock thickness to the accumulation are variable.The natural gas generated in source rocks is re-allocated with a special migration system in a complex sourceereservoir system,which is an important basis of CMG accumulation.(4)The superimposition of the gas-bearing system is one of the leading problems in CMG research.In recent years,the logging response identification technology of key strata and the superposition identification method of the gas-bearing system have been further developed.It is found that there are three typical types of fluid pressure curves in coal measures.At the same time,the CMG co-accumulation in the whole sense requires a certain threshold depth.Based on the progress above,the theory of CMG accumulation has been improved and deepened,which is helpful in providing more pertinent suggestions for the development of the joint CMG exploration and production technology.
基金funded by the Met Office Climate Science for Service Partnership(CSSP)China project under the International Science Partnerships Fund(ISPF)supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42475022).
文摘Tea is an important global commodity,with important tea-growing regions spanning across South America,Africa,and Asia,and burgeoning smaller-scale and artisanal tea production in the UK and Europe.In each of these regions,the quality and quantity of tea production,with their economic and social consequences,are highly sensitive to variations in the climate on both short-term weather,seasonal and climate change timescales.The provision of tailored climate information in a timely and accessible manner through the development,delivery and use of climate services can help tea-farmers and other relevant stakeholders better understand the impacts of climate variability and climate change on decision-making and a range of adaptive actions.This paper presents an overview of the Tea-CUP project(Co-developing Useful Predictions),a joint initiative between UK and Chinese partners,which aims to develop and implement solutions for improving robust decision-making.Co-production principles are core,ensuring that the resultant climate services are usable and useful;users'needs are met through close engagement and joint research and decision-making.The paper also reports on the exchange of knowledge and experiences,such as between tea growers in China and the UK,which has resulted from this collaborative work,fostering global knowledge sharing,enriching understanding,and driving innovation by integrating diverse perspectives and expertise from different countries.This is an unintended but valuable side-effect of the collaborative approach taken and highlights the benefits of a highly relational and multidisciplinary approach to climate services development that will inform future work in the field.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2009AA05Z302)
文摘A sodium–zinc sorbent based flue gas desulfurization technology(Na–Zn-FGD) was proposed based on the experiments and analyses of the thermal decomposition characteristics of Ca SO3 and Zn SO3·2.5H2 O, the waste products of calcium-based semi-dry and zinc-based flue gas desulfurization(Ca–SD-FGD and Zn–SD-FGD) technologies, respectively. It was found that Zn SO3·2.5H2 O first lost crystal H2 O at 100 °C and then decomposed into SO2 and solid Zn O at 260 °C in the air, while Ca SO3 is oxidized at 450 °C before it decomposed in the air. The experimental results confirm that Zn–SD-FGD technology is good for SO2 removal and recycling, but with problem in clogging and high operational cost. The proposed Na–Zn-FGD is clogging proof, and more cost-effective. In the new process, Na2CO3 is used to generate Na2SO3 for SO2absorption, and the intermediate product Na HSO3 reacts with Zn O powders, producing Zn SO3·2.5H2 O precipitate and Na2SO3 solution. The Na2SO3 solution is clogging proof, which is re-used for SO2 absorption. By thermal decomposition of Zn SO3·2.5H2 O, Zn O is re-generated and SO2 with high purity is co-produced as well. The cycle consumes some amount of raw material Na2CO3 and a small amount of Zn O only. The newly proposed FGD technology could be a substitute of the traditional semi-dry FGD technologies.
文摘In recent years, public management literature has focused its attention on communities＇ role in public service design, production, and delivery. The present paper is focused on the review of the main academic contributions describing the most common models that frame citizens＇ engagement in service co-production. Among these models, a specific attention has been paid to one of the most recent： the ＂we-government＂ paradigm. Consequently, to better understand we-government conversational and cooperative potential, the analysis has also interested the influence of recent mass collaboration channels and in particular of social media on citizens engagement in public service co-production, in order to better understand how and when they act as local and national governments＇ partners. To support theoretical evidences, a case study analysis has been conducted in order to cheek the appliance of a we-government platform to a specific area. In particular, it has been analyzed the FixMyStreet social platform and its implementation in the city of Gloucester （UK）.
文摘China still has 556 million rural vulnerable population in 2021,and rural revitalization has become China’s national development strategy.On December 8,2022,the author conducted an in-depth interview with the coordinator of Cloud City Company,a leading enterprise in Haishen Village,Huinan Township,Pudong New Area in Shanghai.This case sketches a panoramic picture of the co-production in Haishen Village through a qualitative research method of narrative inquiries.It provides what has happened in Haishen Village with the detailed description and some comments on Shanghai rural revitalization.This paper also raised many arguable questions to be further discussed.
