Background Health promotion(HP)interventions delivered through sports clubs have demonstrated promising outcomes among men,but less is known about which aspects of the interventions work,for whom,and under what circum...Background Health promotion(HP)interventions delivered through sports clubs have demonstrated promising outcomes among men,but less is known about which aspects of the interventions work,for whom,and under what circumstances.This rapid realist review aimed to understand the contexts,mechanisms,and outcomes of HP interventions for men delivered through sports clubs.Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in February 2023 for studies published after 2013 in MEDLINE,Embase,and SPORTDiscus databases.Included studies:(a)were delivered by or in collaboration with sports clubs,(b)targeted men aged 18+years,and(c)reported 1 or more HP outcomes.A grey literature search was also performed.Studies were included in a realist synthesis based on richness and rigor.Hereafter,context-mechanism-outcome(CMO)configurations were developed.Results We identified and screened 3358 studies,finally including 59 studies describing 22 interventions.Most HP interventions were delivered in high income countries,included Caucasian men aged 35-65 years with overweight/obesity,and used professional sports clubs(mostly football)for recruitment and facilities.Quantitative HP outcomes were reported across 19 interventions.Of these 19 interventions,the majority reported on weight(n=18),physical activity(n=12),mental health(n=10),and diet(n=9).We identified 13 CMOs related to how HP interventions affected men's recruitment,engagement,and health behavior maintenance.Conclusion Our findings show that using sports clubs for HP interventions is effective for engaging men.Recruitment was facilitated by leveraging sports clubs’identity,addressing masculinity-related barriers,improving accessibility,and building trust.Engagement was enhanced through shared identity experiences,safe spaces,inclusive competition,and self-efficacy.However,there's limited evidence on behavior maintenance post-intervention,though involving community stakeholders seemed vital.In general,considerations should be made to avoid perpetuating traditional masculine norms,which may exclude some men and reinforce unhealthy behaviors.These findings can guide intervention development,emphasizing the need to harness men's perspectives in the process.展开更多
ⅡEnvironmental education is gaining increasing recognition in Morocco as a fundamental pillar for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Within this context,school-based environmental clubs play a crucial ...ⅡEnvironmental education is gaining increasing recognition in Morocco as a fundamental pillar for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Within this context,school-based environmental clubs play a crucial role in promoting awareness and building climate resilience among students at various educational levels.These clubs serve not only as platforms for ecological engagement but also as practical tools for embedding sustainability into everyday learning.This study explores the main factors that influence the creation,activation,and effectiveness of environmental clubs in Moroccan schools.Relying on a quantitative survey conducted with 42 respondents,including both teachers and school administrators,the research highlights several key enablers.Among the most significant are access to adequate training in environmental education,the presence of strong institutional support,and the availability of sufficient resources.The analysis uses descriptive statistics,chi-square testing,and a Weighted Average Index to better understand the relationships between these variables.Findings reveal a strong correlation between environmental training and the initiation of clubs,although this does not always translate into high levels of student engagement.The main obstacles identified include insufficient time,lack of funding,and a shortage of appropriate educational materials.In conclusion,the study emphasizes the importance of expanding training initiatives,dedicating specific time within school schedules,and improving access to materials.These steps are essential to fully integrate environmental clubs into the Moroccan educational system and to enhance their overall impact.展开更多
Introduction: The transition from primary to secondary school is a period when physical activity (PA) declines. Interventions delivered during curriculum time have had limited impact on PA. The after-school period may...Introduction: The transition from primary to secondary school is a period when physical activity (PA) declines. Interventions delivered during curriculum time have had limited impact on PA. The after-school period may offer a valuable opportunity to increase children’s PA. In order to identify how best to implement after-school PA interventions for older primary school children, more information regarding the provision of after-school clubs is required. This paper examined the current after-school club provision of English primary schools. Methods: All state-funded primary schools in England (n = 15,307) were sent an online questionnaire in two phases during 2013. Schools were asked about the active and non-active after-school clubs on offer to year 5 and year 6 pupils and the days on which they run, the number of children attending each after-school club, who funds the club and who leads the club. Results: Responding schools (501) were reasonably representative of the national profile. Of the 2413 clubs reported, more non-active than active clubs (5.3 vs. 4.8 per school) were described. Football was the most frequently reported activity (offered by 79.5% of schools), with netball and dance being offered by 45.3% and 44.1% of schools, respectively. A high proportion of clubs was funded by schools or parents (88.6%) and more than 40% were led by external parties. Conclusions: A number of PA programmes are provided after-school but current provision is dominated by team sports and thus, there is a need for non-sport specific PA clubs. Furthermore, there is a need to find cost-effective methods of delivering after-school PA programmes.展开更多
This paper aims to explore the impact of intellectual capital efficiency （ICE） on firm performance in the context of professional football clubs. In particular, our aim is twofold： （1） to provide measures of ICE ...This paper aims to explore the impact of intellectual capital efficiency （ICE） on firm performance in the context of professional football clubs. In particular, our aim is twofold： （1） to provide measures of ICE specifically tailored to professional football businesses; and （2） to empirically investigate whether some dimensions of ICE, namely, human capital and relational capital efficiency, are positively associated with sporting performance, here used as a proxy for business performance. This paper develops a quantitative analysis of club-level panel data using the statistical technique known as mixed-effects linear regression for longitudinal analysis. The research spans a time period of five years and specifically the sporting seasons from 2007/2008 up to 2011/2012. The empirical findings of this study provide tentative evidence that ICE, especially as far as relational capital is concerned, is positively associated with on-pitch performance of professional football businesses. On the counterpart, results for the impact of human capital efficiency （HCE） do not consistently come out with the （positive） expected signs. More specifically, our findings suggest that relational capital efficiency, meaning the ability to develop and nurture positive business relationship with relevant external stakeholders, is a significant consideration for football club managers; on the other, they might shed light on the actual business model of professional football clubs that, in our analysis, does not appear consistent with the long-held hypothesis of winning maximization. The main limitation of this study lies in the fact that our indicators do not fully capture all relevant dimensions of the intellectual capital （IC） construct.展开更多
This paper examines how radio listening clubs CRLCs） can be used to improve the lives of ordinary people in Malawi especially in rural areas. The paper draws its conclusion from data obtained through focus group disc...This paper examines how radio listening clubs CRLCs） can be used to improve the lives of ordinary people in Malawi especially in rural areas. The paper draws its conclusion from data obtained through focus group discussions （FGDs~） with members of RLCs of two community radio stations, namely Nkhotakota and Mzimba. Other data collection techniques employed are semi-structured interviews with station managers of the two radio stations and members of non-governmental organizations CNGOs~ working with the RLCs. The paper argues that RLCs can create a platform for ordinary people to share, discuss, and find ways of how they can increase food availability in their homes, alleviate their poverty, empower ordinary people, and enable them to access loans and farm inputs. In that way, RLCs can contribute to the transformation of ordinary people＇s lives in the rural areas.展开更多
The ecological civilization education will be introduced into primary school courses in the future,aiming to enhance people’s environmental awareness.As the model school of Beijing green ecology and sustainable devel...The ecological civilization education will be introduced into primary school courses in the future,aiming to enhance people’s environmental awareness.As the model school of Beijing green ecology and sustainable development education,Beijing experimental primary school attached to Capital Normal University,focus on new energy and sustainable development education,has been practicing and exploring effectively on ecological education.Detailed works are as follows:Making sure the educating purpose of ecological technology educational development;Improving the normative development of ecological education;Training and taking good advantages of core teachers;Constructing ecological special course system;Combining the school clubs with social programs with wonderful works created by both teachers and students.展开更多
Climate clubs are valuable platforms for international and public-private collaboration in global climate governance;however,not all climate clubs enjoy durable support from their members.The existing literature attri...Climate clubs are valuable platforms for international and public-private collaboration in global climate governance;however,not all climate clubs enjoy durable support from their members.The existing literature attributes the varied fates of climate clubs to factors like legitimacy and club goods.We further argue that the norm-making function of clubs,the perceived value of club goods,and the costs of club good production collectively affect club development.We present a comparative study on two U.S.-initiated climate clubs-the Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate(APP)and the Clean Energy Ministerial(CEM).While legitimacy concerns had some marginal influence on both clubs,the niche clubs occupy and the costs of club goods provision were crucial factors that influenced the two clubs’different fates.The APP’s failure was due to its focus on norm-making and providing information-oriented assistance to the private sector.As government interest in norm-making declined,the APP’s value declined accordingly.Moreover,assistance to private sector actors was costly and less attractive to governments.In comparison,the CEM found its niche by focusing on facilitating policymaking in the clean energy sector in a cost-efficient manner.To make clubs durable,constructing an action-oriented working environment and providing value-added and low-cost services to key stakeholders are of great importance.展开更多
This paper uses provincial panel data to examine club convergence in China during 1981- 2004. We estimate the province-specific initial technology level, A（O）, and classify the Chinese economy into ＂developed club...This paper uses provincial panel data to examine club convergence in China during 1981- 2004. We estimate the province-specific initial technology level, A（O）, and classify the Chinese economy into ＂developed club＂ and ＂underdeveloped club ＂ based on the economic characteristics of A（O）, instead of on geographical location. We find significant evidence of conditional convergence across provinces, and that the convergence speed in the developed club is faster than that in the underdeveloped club. We also find that.＂ （i） human capital accumulation contributes more than physical capital does to club convergence,＂ （ii） there is a positive correlation between infrastructure and growth convergence at the national level and within the developed club, while the spillover effect of infrastructure has not been developed in the developing club; and （iii） the effect of economic openness on convergence is tiny, and insignificant across and within clubs.展开更多
High-purity SiO_(2)nanoparticles(SNPs)play a crucial role in various electronic applications,such as semiconductors,solar cells,optical fibers,lenses,and insulating layers,given their purity and particle size,which si...High-purity SiO_(2)nanoparticles(SNPs)play a crucial role in various electronic applications,such as semiconductors,solar cells,optical fibers,lenses,and insulating layers,given their purity and particle size,which significantly impact device efficiency.This study fo-cuses on the synthesis and characterization of pure SNPs through the chemical etching of greater club rush.White powder SNPs were pre-pared using HCl etching,and their thermal behaviors were analyzed via thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry.Structural properties were investigated using X-ray fluorescence,scanning electron microscopy,and transmission electron microscopy.X-ray absorption near-edge structure was employed to assess the oxidation state of the SNPs.The morphology of the SNPs after the first etching was amorphous,with sizes ranging from 50 to 100 nm,which increased to 50-200 nm after the second etching.Despite this size variation,the SNPs maintained a high purity level of 99.8wt%SiO_(2),comparable with industry standards.Notably,the second etching with 0.1-M HCl significantly enhanced the purity level,achieving 99.8wt%SiO_(2)mass.Furthermore,HCl etching facilitated the formation of SiO_(2)in the Si^(4+)oxidation state,akin to industrial SNPs.These findings underscore the critical role of HCl etching in synthesizing high-purity SNPs,with potential applications in advanced electronic devices.展开更多
There are many clubs in my school.I am interested in Chinese culture,so I am a member of the Chinese Couplet Club.In the club,we learn to admire and write Chinese couplets.First,our teacher teaches us the basic rules.
悦读·明其义Conquering challenges,embracing growth克服挑战,拥抱成长Personal growth is a continuous journey that involves learning and overcoming challenges.It helps us develop our skills and achieve our goals.For ...悦读·明其义Conquering challenges,embracing growth克服挑战,拥抱成长Personal growth is a continuous journey that involves learning and overcoming challenges.It helps us develop our skills and achieve our goals.For many,the journey begins with stepping out of our comfort zones and facing new challenges.Understanding ourselves is very important for personal growth.By knowing our strengths and weaknesses,we can find areas to improve.For example,if you have trouble speaking in public,you can join a speech club or practice in front of a mirror.This kind of self⁃reflection helps us see our limitations and turn them into opportunities for growth.展开更多
基金supported by the 5 Steno Diabetes Centers in Denmark,which are partly funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation.
文摘Background Health promotion(HP)interventions delivered through sports clubs have demonstrated promising outcomes among men,but less is known about which aspects of the interventions work,for whom,and under what circumstances.This rapid realist review aimed to understand the contexts,mechanisms,and outcomes of HP interventions for men delivered through sports clubs.Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in February 2023 for studies published after 2013 in MEDLINE,Embase,and SPORTDiscus databases.Included studies:(a)were delivered by or in collaboration with sports clubs,(b)targeted men aged 18+years,and(c)reported 1 or more HP outcomes.A grey literature search was also performed.Studies were included in a realist synthesis based on richness and rigor.Hereafter,context-mechanism-outcome(CMO)configurations were developed.Results We identified and screened 3358 studies,finally including 59 studies describing 22 interventions.Most HP interventions were delivered in high income countries,included Caucasian men aged 35-65 years with overweight/obesity,and used professional sports clubs(mostly football)for recruitment and facilities.Quantitative HP outcomes were reported across 19 interventions.Of these 19 interventions,the majority reported on weight(n=18),physical activity(n=12),mental health(n=10),and diet(n=9).We identified 13 CMOs related to how HP interventions affected men's recruitment,engagement,and health behavior maintenance.Conclusion Our findings show that using sports clubs for HP interventions is effective for engaging men.Recruitment was facilitated by leveraging sports clubs’identity,addressing masculinity-related barriers,improving accessibility,and building trust.Engagement was enhanced through shared identity experiences,safe spaces,inclusive competition,and self-efficacy.However,there's limited evidence on behavior maintenance post-intervention,though involving community stakeholders seemed vital.In general,considerations should be made to avoid perpetuating traditional masculine norms,which may exclude some men and reinforce unhealthy behaviors.These findings can guide intervention development,emphasizing the need to harness men's perspectives in the process.
文摘ⅡEnvironmental education is gaining increasing recognition in Morocco as a fundamental pillar for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Within this context,school-based environmental clubs play a crucial role in promoting awareness and building climate resilience among students at various educational levels.These clubs serve not only as platforms for ecological engagement but also as practical tools for embedding sustainability into everyday learning.This study explores the main factors that influence the creation,activation,and effectiveness of environmental clubs in Moroccan schools.Relying on a quantitative survey conducted with 42 respondents,including both teachers and school administrators,the research highlights several key enablers.Among the most significant are access to adequate training in environmental education,the presence of strong institutional support,and the availability of sufficient resources.The analysis uses descriptive statistics,chi-square testing,and a Weighted Average Index to better understand the relationships between these variables.Findings reveal a strong correlation between environmental training and the initiation of clubs,although this does not always translate into high levels of student engagement.The main obstacles identified include insufficient time,lack of funding,and a shortage of appropriate educational materials.In conclusion,the study emphasizes the importance of expanding training initiatives,dedicating specific time within school schedules,and improving access to materials.These steps are essential to fully integrate environmental clubs into the Moroccan educational system and to enhance their overall impact.
文摘Introduction: The transition from primary to secondary school is a period when physical activity (PA) declines. Interventions delivered during curriculum time have had limited impact on PA. The after-school period may offer a valuable opportunity to increase children’s PA. In order to identify how best to implement after-school PA interventions for older primary school children, more information regarding the provision of after-school clubs is required. This paper examined the current after-school club provision of English primary schools. Methods: All state-funded primary schools in England (n = 15,307) were sent an online questionnaire in two phases during 2013. Schools were asked about the active and non-active after-school clubs on offer to year 5 and year 6 pupils and the days on which they run, the number of children attending each after-school club, who funds the club and who leads the club. Results: Responding schools (501) were reasonably representative of the national profile. Of the 2413 clubs reported, more non-active than active clubs (5.3 vs. 4.8 per school) were described. Football was the most frequently reported activity (offered by 79.5% of schools), with netball and dance being offered by 45.3% and 44.1% of schools, respectively. A high proportion of clubs was funded by schools or parents (88.6%) and more than 40% were led by external parties. Conclusions: A number of PA programmes are provided after-school but current provision is dominated by team sports and thus, there is a need for non-sport specific PA clubs. Furthermore, there is a need to find cost-effective methods of delivering after-school PA programmes.
文摘This paper aims to explore the impact of intellectual capital efficiency （ICE） on firm performance in the context of professional football clubs. In particular, our aim is twofold： （1） to provide measures of ICE specifically tailored to professional football businesses; and （2） to empirically investigate whether some dimensions of ICE, namely, human capital and relational capital efficiency, are positively associated with sporting performance, here used as a proxy for business performance. This paper develops a quantitative analysis of club-level panel data using the statistical technique known as mixed-effects linear regression for longitudinal analysis. The research spans a time period of five years and specifically the sporting seasons from 2007/2008 up to 2011/2012. The empirical findings of this study provide tentative evidence that ICE, especially as far as relational capital is concerned, is positively associated with on-pitch performance of professional football businesses. On the counterpart, results for the impact of human capital efficiency （HCE） do not consistently come out with the （positive） expected signs. More specifically, our findings suggest that relational capital efficiency, meaning the ability to develop and nurture positive business relationship with relevant external stakeholders, is a significant consideration for football club managers; on the other, they might shed light on the actual business model of professional football clubs that, in our analysis, does not appear consistent with the long-held hypothesis of winning maximization. The main limitation of this study lies in the fact that our indicators do not fully capture all relevant dimensions of the intellectual capital （IC） construct.
文摘This paper examines how radio listening clubs CRLCs） can be used to improve the lives of ordinary people in Malawi especially in rural areas. The paper draws its conclusion from data obtained through focus group discussions （FGDs~） with members of RLCs of two community radio stations, namely Nkhotakota and Mzimba. Other data collection techniques employed are semi-structured interviews with station managers of the two radio stations and members of non-governmental organizations CNGOs~ working with the RLCs. The paper argues that RLCs can create a platform for ordinary people to share, discuss, and find ways of how they can increase food availability in their homes, alleviate their poverty, empower ordinary people, and enable them to access loans and farm inputs. In that way, RLCs can contribute to the transformation of ordinary people＇s lives in the rural areas.
文摘The ecological civilization education will be introduced into primary school courses in the future,aiming to enhance people’s environmental awareness.As the model school of Beijing green ecology and sustainable development education,Beijing experimental primary school attached to Capital Normal University,focus on new energy and sustainable development education,has been practicing and exploring effectively on ecological education.Detailed works are as follows:Making sure the educating purpose of ecological technology educational development;Improving the normative development of ecological education;Training and taking good advantages of core teachers;Constructing ecological special course system;Combining the school clubs with social programs with wonderful works created by both teachers and students.
基金We acknowledge financial support from Shanghai Pujiang Program[Grant number.2020PJC010]the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
文摘Climate clubs are valuable platforms for international and public-private collaboration in global climate governance;however,not all climate clubs enjoy durable support from their members.The existing literature attributes the varied fates of climate clubs to factors like legitimacy and club goods.We further argue that the norm-making function of clubs,the perceived value of club goods,and the costs of club good production collectively affect club development.We present a comparative study on two U.S.-initiated climate clubs-the Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate(APP)and the Clean Energy Ministerial(CEM).While legitimacy concerns had some marginal influence on both clubs,the niche clubs occupy and the costs of club goods provision were crucial factors that influenced the two clubs’different fates.The APP’s failure was due to its focus on norm-making and providing information-oriented assistance to the private sector.As government interest in norm-making declined,the APP’s value declined accordingly.Moreover,assistance to private sector actors was costly and less attractive to governments.In comparison,the CEM found its niche by focusing on facilitating policymaking in the clean energy sector in a cost-efficient manner.To make clubs durable,constructing an action-oriented working environment and providing value-added and low-cost services to key stakeholders are of great importance.
文摘This paper uses provincial panel data to examine club convergence in China during 1981- 2004. We estimate the province-specific initial technology level, A（O）, and classify the Chinese economy into ＂developed club＂ and ＂underdeveloped club ＂ based on the economic characteristics of A（O）, instead of on geographical location. We find significant evidence of conditional convergence across provinces, and that the convergence speed in the developed club is faster than that in the underdeveloped club. We also find that.＂ （i） human capital accumulation contributes more than physical capital does to club convergence,＂ （ii） there is a positive correlation between infrastructure and growth convergence at the national level and within the developed club, while the spillover effect of infrastructure has not been developed in the developing club; and （iii） the effect of economic openness on convergence is tiny, and insignificant across and within clubs.
基金supported by the Suranaree University of Technology(SUT)Center of Excellence(CoE)on Advanced Functional Materials(AFM),School of Physics,Suranaree University of Technology,Nakhon Ratchasima,Thailand,the External Grants and Scholarships for Graduate Students,Suranaree University of Technology,Nakhon Ratchasima,Thailand,and the Research Network on Nanotechnology(RNN),Suranaree University of Technology,Nakhon Ratchasima,Thailand.
文摘High-purity SiO_(2)nanoparticles(SNPs)play a crucial role in various electronic applications,such as semiconductors,solar cells,optical fibers,lenses,and insulating layers,given their purity and particle size,which significantly impact device efficiency.This study fo-cuses on the synthesis and characterization of pure SNPs through the chemical etching of greater club rush.White powder SNPs were pre-pared using HCl etching,and their thermal behaviors were analyzed via thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry.Structural properties were investigated using X-ray fluorescence,scanning electron microscopy,and transmission electron microscopy.X-ray absorption near-edge structure was employed to assess the oxidation state of the SNPs.The morphology of the SNPs after the first etching was amorphous,with sizes ranging from 50 to 100 nm,which increased to 50-200 nm after the second etching.Despite this size variation,the SNPs maintained a high purity level of 99.8wt%SiO_(2),comparable with industry standards.Notably,the second etching with 0.1-M HCl significantly enhanced the purity level,achieving 99.8wt%SiO_(2)mass.Furthermore,HCl etching facilitated the formation of SiO_(2)in the Si^(4+)oxidation state,akin to industrial SNPs.These findings underscore the critical role of HCl etching in synthesizing high-purity SNPs,with potential applications in advanced electronic devices.
文摘There are many clubs in my school.I am interested in Chinese culture,so I am a member of the Chinese Couplet Club.In the club,we learn to admire and write Chinese couplets.First,our teacher teaches us the basic rules.
文摘悦读·明其义Conquering challenges,embracing growth克服挑战,拥抱成长Personal growth is a continuous journey that involves learning and overcoming challenges.It helps us develop our skills and achieve our goals.For many,the journey begins with stepping out of our comfort zones and facing new challenges.Understanding ourselves is very important for personal growth.By knowing our strengths and weaknesses,we can find areas to improve.For example,if you have trouble speaking in public,you can join a speech club or practice in front of a mirror.This kind of self⁃reflection helps us see our limitations and turn them into opportunities for growth.
