The immune system is involved in many age-related pathological changes,also plays an important role in tissue regeneration after injury.But no immune involvement has been discussed regarding cataract since it is presu...The immune system is involved in many age-related pathological changes,also plays an important role in tissue regeneration after injury.But no immune involvement has been discussed regarding cataract since it is presumed that lens has no source of immune cells as an avascular zone.Latest research has challenged the longstanding view of the lens as an immune-privileged tissue,revealing the presence of resident immune cells and active immune responses within the lens.Thus,we summarized the immune involvement in maintaining lens homeostasis,which may be a deleterious role in the induction of lens opacification if inappropriately activated.Furthermore,bioengineer-based immunomodulatory therapies to fine-tune the micro immune environment within lens may be future strategies for in situ lens regeneration,as a novel treatment for cataract.展开更多
Stem volume estimation is crucial in forest ecology and management,particularly for timber harvesting strategies and carbon stock assessments.This study aimed to develop a variable-exponent taper equation specifically...Stem volume estimation is crucial in forest ecology and management,particularly for timber harvesting strategies and carbon stock assessments.This study aimed to develop a variable-exponent taper equation specifically tailored to savanna tree species using close-range photogrammetry(CRP)data and to evaluate its performance against conventional volume equations for stem volume estimation.A dataset of 30 trees across five dominant savanna species was used to fit the taper model,which was validated using a separate dataset of 322 trees from 14 species.The results demonstrated significant improvements in volume estimation accuracy when using the taper equation.At the tree level,the root mean square error(RMSE)decreased by 47%,from 598 to 319 dm^(3),and the mean absolute bias(MAB)by 48%,from 328 to 172 dm3,compared to volume equations.Similarly,at the plot level,RMSE was reduced by 42% and MAB by 40%.The model performed well for species with regular forms.However,species with irregular tapers exhibited higher errors,reflecting the challenges of modeling stem forms of mixed species.The use of CRP proved valuable,providing high-resolution diameter measurements that improved model parameterization.This study underscores the importance of advanced data collection methods for enhancing taper model accuracy and suggests that further species-specific adjustments are needed to improve performance for species with irregular forms.The findings support the broader application of taper equations for improving stem volume estimates in savanna ecosystems,contributing to better forest management and resource monitoring practices.展开更多
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by the involvement of both upper and lower motor neurons.Early bilateral limb involvement significantly affects patients'daily lives ...Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by the involvement of both upper and lower motor neurons.Early bilateral limb involvement significantly affects patients'daily lives and may lead them to be confined to bed.However,the effect of upper and lower motor neuron impairment and other risk factors on bilateral limb involvement is unclear.To address this issue,we retrospectively collected data from 586 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with limb onset diagnosed at Peking University Third Hospital between January 2020 and May 2022.A univariate analysis revealed no significant differences in the time intervals of spread in different directions between individuals with upper motor neuron-dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and those with classic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.We used causal directed acyclic graphs for risk factor determination and Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the association between the duration of bilateral limb involvement and clinical baseline characteristics in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.Multiple factor analyses revealed that higher upper motor neuron scores(hazard ratio[HR]=1.05,95%confidence interval[CI]=1.01–1.09,P=0.018),onset in the left limb(HR=0.72,95%CI=0.58–0.89,P=0.002),and a horizontal pattern of progression(HR=0.46,95%CI=0.37–0.58,P<0.001)were risk factors for a shorter interval until bilateral limb involvement.The results demonstrated that a greater degree of upper motor neuron involvement might cause contralateral limb involvement to progress more quickly in limb-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.These findings may improve the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with limb onset and the prediction of patient prognosis.展开更多
To address the problems of low accuracy by the CONWEP model and poor efficiency by the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL)method in predicting close-range air blast loads of cylindrical charges,a neural network-based sim...To address the problems of low accuracy by the CONWEP model and poor efficiency by the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL)method in predicting close-range air blast loads of cylindrical charges,a neural network-based simulation(NNS)method with higher accuracy and better efficiency was proposed.The NNS method consisted of three main steps.First,the parameters of blast loads,including the peak pressures and impulses of cylindrical charges with different aspect ratios(L/D)at different stand-off distances and incident angles were obtained by two-dimensional numerical simulations.Subsequently,incident shape factors of cylindrical charges with arbitrary aspect ratios were predicted by a neural network.Finally,reflected shape factors were derived and implemented into the subroutine of the ABAQUS code to modify the CONWEP model,including modifications of impulse and overpressure.The reliability of the proposed NNS method was verified by related experimental results.Remarkable accuracy improvement was acquired by the proposed NNS method compared with the unmodified CONWEP model.Moreover,huge efficiency superiority was obtained by the proposed NNS method compared with the CEL method.The proposed NNS method showed good accuracy when the scaled distance was greater than 0.2 m/kg^(1/3).It should be noted that there is no need to generate a new dataset again since the blast loads satisfy the similarity law,and the proposed NNS method can be directly used to simulate the blast loads generated by different cylindrical charges.The proposed NNS method with high efficiency and accuracy can be used as an effective method to analyze the dynamic response of structures under blast loads,and it has significant application prospects in designing protective structures.展开更多
Objective:To compare the diagnostic value of 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT and MSCT in detecting thoracic wall and rib involvement in lung adenocarcinoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the imaging data of 78 t...Objective:To compare the diagnostic value of 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT and MSCT in detecting thoracic wall and rib involvement in lung adenocarcinoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the imaging data of 78 thoracic wall and rib lesions from 66 patients,a total of 32 males and 34 females,aged(53.2±5.6)years old with pathologically confirmed lung adenocarcinoma who underwent both 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT and MSCT examinations from March 2017 to September 2023.The diagnostic efficacy of the two imaging modalities was compared using pathological confirmation or clinical follow-up as the gold standard.Results:Pathological confirmation or clinical follow-up revealed 74 lesions with thoracic wall bone involvement in lung adenocarcinoma(20 lesions confirmed by surgical pathology and 54 lesions confirmed by clinical follow-up)and 4 lesions without thoracic wall or rib involvement(2 lesions confirmed by surgical pathology and 2 lesions confirmed by clinical follow-up).The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT were 97.3%,50.0%,and 94.9%,respectively.Its diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy were higher than those of MSCT(72.3%and 74.4%,respectively),with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The specificity of 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT was lower than that of MSCT(100.0%),but the difference was not statistically significant(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the positive predictive value and negative predictive value between 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT and MSCT(P>0.05).99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT examination revised the MSCT tumor staging in 14 patients[21.2%(14/66)]with lung adenocarcinoma.Conclusion:99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT imaging demonstrates superior diagnostic efficacy compared to MSCT in detecting thoracic wall and rib involvement in lung adenocarcinoma.It offers more accurate tumor staging than MSCT,and an accurate diagnosis aids in clinical treatment decision-making.展开更多
BACKGROUND In addition to nodal lesions,over 30%of mantle cell lymphomas(MCLs)also have gastrointestinal involvement,characteristically presenting as multiple lymphomatous polyposis(MLP),which rarely involve the esoph...BACKGROUND In addition to nodal lesions,over 30%of mantle cell lymphomas(MCLs)also have gastrointestinal involvement,characteristically presenting as multiple lymphomatous polyposis(MLP),which rarely involve the esophagus.Most related papers have been case reports,and no comprehensive studies have been conducted;thus,the actual clinical situation has remained unknown for a long time.AIM To elucidate the actual clinical situation of esophageal involvement of MCL presenting with MLP,including its prognosis.METHODS From January 2001 to December 2021,among MCL patients whose gastrointestinal lesions were histopathologically confirmed by endoscopic biopsy at our center,6 patients with MLP in the esophagus were selected.We retro-spectively examined the clinical features of these patients,including their prognosis.RESULTS In all patients,multiple lesions were present in the gastrointestinal tract other than the esophagus and in the lymph nodes throughout the body,and most patients also had lesions involving the bone marrow or spleen.Most of the treatments include chemotherapy,with a 50%survival period of less than 2 years and a 5-year survival rate of approximately 30%,indicating a poor prognosis.CONCLUSION Patients with esophageal involvement of the MCL who presented with MLP had a large tumor burden and poor survival.展开更多
Because human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-associated Burkitt lymphoma(BL)has a poor prognosis new therapeutic approaches need to be developed1.Axicabtagene ciloleucel(axi-cel)is an anti-CD19 CAR-T cell commercially av...Because human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-associated Burkitt lymphoma(BL)has a poor prognosis new therapeutic approaches need to be developed1.Axicabtagene ciloleucel(axi-cel)is an anti-CD19 CAR-T cell commercially available FDA-approved product for patients with relapsed or refractory(R/R)large B-cell lymphoma(LBCL).However,axi-cel has not been approved by the FDA for use in patients with R/R BL.展开更多
This paper investigates an analytical optimal pose tracking control problem for chaser spacecraft during the close-range proximity operations with a non-cooperative space target subject to attitude tumbling and unknow...This paper investigates an analytical optimal pose tracking control problem for chaser spacecraft during the close-range proximity operations with a non-cooperative space target subject to attitude tumbling and unknown orbital maneuvering.Firstly,the relative translational motion between the orbital target and the chaser spacecraft is described in the Line-of-Sight(LOS)coordinate frame along with attitude quaternion dynamics.Then,based on the coupled 6-Degree of Freedom(DOF)pose dynamic model,an analytical optimal control action consisting of constrained optimal control value,application time and its duration are proposed via exploring the iterative sequential action control algorithm.Meanwhile,the global closed-loop asymptotic stability of the proposed predictive control action is presented and discussed.Compared with traditional proximity control schemes,the highlighting advantages are that the application time and duration of the devised controller is applied discretely in light of the influence of the instantaneous pose configuration on the pose tracking performance with less energy consumptions rather than at each sample time.Finally,three groups of illustrative examples are organized to validate the effectiveness of the proposed analytical optimal pose tracking control scheme.展开更多
Background: Workers spend a significant amount of time in the workspace. Involvement of a spouse in a doctor’s workplace can take different forms and come with different intentions. Objectives: The survey aimed to de...Background: Workers spend a significant amount of time in the workspace. Involvement of a spouse in a doctor’s workplace can take different forms and come with different intentions. Objectives: The survey aimed to determine the prevalence and extent of spousal involvement in physicians’ workplaces as well as the outcome of such involvement on doctor’ swell-being, productivity, and relationship with colleagues. Methods: This cross-sectional online survey on spousal involvement in the workplace of doctors was conducted among 83 responding doctors from July to August 2023. Results: Among the respondents, 60 (72.3%) had witnessed a doctor’s spouse being involved in the workplace. The most common reason for spousal involvement in the workplace was to protect the spouse from what they perceived as a threat 34 (54.0%). Spouse’s ignorance of boundaries in the workplace (OR: 6.09 (95% CI: 1.70, 21.79) P: 0.003) and exertion of control by the spouse (OR: 11.2 (95% CI: 2.26, 56.41) P: 0.002) were significantly associated with higher odds of inappropriate spousal involvement in the workplace, while expression of love for spouse with acts of kindness was significantly associated with a lowered odd of inappropriate spousal involvement (OR: 0.11 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.36) P: 0.0001). Conclusion: Spousal involvement in the workplace is relatively common. Ignorance of the boundaries of the workplace and exertion of control by the spouse were significant enablers of inappropriate spousal involvement in the workplace of doctors. The establishment of workplace policies that define the limits of spousal involvement in the doctor’s workplace can foster a healthy workspace environment, enhance doctors’ well-being, and improve patient care.展开更多
https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.393108 In the article titled“Sorl1 knockout inhibits expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor:involvement in the development of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease”,published on ...https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.393108 In the article titled“Sorl1 knockout inhibits expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor:involvement in the development of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease”,published on pages 1602-1607,Issue 7,Volume 19 of Neural Regeneration Research(Zhao et al.,2024),the first author’s affiliations were incorrectly tagged.展开更多
The characteristics of asteroids are vital parameters for planning asteroid exploration missions.These characteristics have been explored in close range for some typical asteroids,and are summarized in the article.Thi...The characteristics of asteroids are vital parameters for planning asteroid exploration missions.These characteristics have been explored in close range for some typical asteroids,and are summarized in the article.This allows estimates of the characteristics of asteroid 2016HO_(3),the target of the first Chinese asteroid exploration mission,Tianwen 2.We obtain 80 characteristic parameters in 9 categories and analyze their impacts on the mission.By comparing three close-range exploration modes,we provide advantages and disadvantages of each,and propose suitable methods for the exploration of 2016HO_(3).Owing to the weak gravity and small size of 2016HO_(3),a combination of multiple hovering positions and active orbiting is recommended for scientific exploration.展开更多
BACKGROUND The use of neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)in distal cholangiocarcinoma(dCCA)with regional arterial or extensive venous involvement,is not widely accepted and evidence is sparse.AIM To synthesise evidence on NAT fo...BACKGROUND The use of neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)in distal cholangiocarcinoma(dCCA)with regional arterial or extensive venous involvement,is not widely accepted and evidence is sparse.AIM To synthesise evidence on NAT for dCCA and present the experience of a highvolume tertiary-centre managing dCCA with arterial involvement.METHODS A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidance to identify all studies reporting outcomes of patients with dCCA who received NAT.All patients from 2017 to 2022 who were referred for NAT for dCCA at our centre were retrospectively collected from a prospectively maintained database.Baseline characteristics,NAT type,progression to surgery and oncological outcomes were collected.RESULTS Twelve studies were included.The definition of“unresectable”locally advanced dCCA was heterogenous.Four studies reported outcomes for 9 patients who received NAT for dCCA with extensive vascular involvement.R0 resection rate ranged between 0 and 100%but without survival benefit in most cases.Remaining studies considered either NAT in resectable dCCA or inclusive with extrahepatic CCA.The presented case series includes 9 patients(median age 67,IQR 56-74 years,male:female 5:4)referred for NAT for borderline resectable or locally advanced disease.Three patients progressed to surgery and 2 were resected.One patient died at 14 months with evidence of recurrence at 6 months and the other died at 51 months following recurrence 6 months postoperatively.CONCLUSION Evidence for benefit of NAT is limited.Consensus on criteria for uniform definition of resectability for dCCA is required.We propose using the established National-Comprehensive-Cancer-Network®criteria for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.展开更多
Background:Shared decision-making(SDM)implementation is a priority for Australian health systems,including general practices but it remains complex for specific groups like older rural Australians.We initiated a quali...Background:Shared decision-making(SDM)implementation is a priority for Australian health systems,including general practices but it remains complex for specific groups like older rural Australians.We initiated a qualitative study with older rural Australians to explore barriers to and facilitators of SDM in local general practices.Methods:We conducted a patient-oriented research,partnering with older rural Australians,families,and health service providers in research design.Participants who visited general practices were purposively sampled from five small rural towns in South Australia.A semi-structured interview guide was used for interviews and reflexive thematic coding was conducted.Results:Telephone interviews were held with 27 participants.Four themes were identified around older rural adults’involvement in SDM:(1)Understanding of"patient involvement";(2)Positive and negative outcomes;(3)Barriers to SDM;and(4)Facilitators to SDM.Understanding of patient involvement in SDM considerably varied among participants,with some reporting their involvement was contingent on the“opportunity to ask questions”and the“treatment choices”offered to them.Alongside the opportunity for involvement,barriers such as avoidance of cultural care and a lack of continuity of care are new findings.Challenges encountered in SDM implementation also included resource constraints and time limitations in general practices.Rural knowledge of general practitioners and technology integration in consultations were viewed as potential enablers..Conclusion:Adequate resources and well-defined guidelines about the process should accompany the implementation of SDM in rural general practices of South Australia.Innovative strategies by general practitioners promoting health literacy and culturally-tailored communication approaches could increase older rural Australians'involvement in general.展开更多
Background: Pattern hair loss (PHL) is the most common form of hair loss affecting both men and women. The occipital region, located at the back of the scalp, has been considered resistant to hair loss in PHL. It is o...Background: Pattern hair loss (PHL) is the most common form of hair loss affecting both men and women. The occipital region, located at the back of the scalp, has been considered resistant to hair loss in PHL. It is often used as a donor site for hair transplantation procedures. However, evidence suggests that the occipital region may also be affected by PHL, although to a lesser extent compared to the frontal and vertex regions. Objective: To assess the levels and determinants of occipital involvement in PHL, focusing on gender and disease severity. Such data would enhance the comprehensive understanding of PHL progression and inform development of improved treatment strategies. Methods: This retrospective study involved 1993 adults (1000 males, 993 females) following for PHL at a specialized hair clinic in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Any patient who had hair transplantation in the past and any male who had balding areas (Hamilton-Norwood scales 4 to 7) at the initial consultation was excluded. The primary outcome was occipital involvement, defined as >10% thin hairs in the trichometry assessments of the occipital region. Additional data included patients age, treatment status, disease severity, and other trichometry parameters. Results: The prevalence of occipital involvement was found to be 23.8% overall, significantly more frequent in females (35.6%) than males with early PHL (Hamilton-Norwood scales 2 and 3) (12.1%) (p Conclusion: This study underscored the relevance of gender and disease severity in occipital involvement in PHL. Females had significantly higher rates of occipital involvement, suggesting that gender differences are critical in understanding PHL progression. Future research should aim to validate these findings, with an aim to refine therapeutic and surgical approaches to improve patient outcomes.展开更多
Although recent studies have examined collaboration within open-source software projects,the focus has primarily been on their motivations and governance.This study explores the complex dynamics of trust and involveme...Although recent studies have examined collaboration within open-source software projects,the focus has primarily been on their motivations and governance.This study explores the complex dynamics of trust and involvement among Cameroonian software developers in open-source projects.In the context of a rapidly evolving software development landscape,these projects have emerged as a transformative force,redefining global collaboration standards.The qualitative methodological approach involved a survey of 22 participants in open-source software projects,including Cameroonian software developers,project governance actors,and open-source community members.Analyses revealed that the trust given to African software developers,including their effective integration into projects and consideration of their specificities and contributions,has a positive impact on their involvement in and ability to appropriate information technologies.By exploring the interaction between cultural,social,and technological factors,this study enhances our understanding of trust mechanisms within open-source communities,especially those involving remote developers.展开更多
This study explores the integration of Experienced Involvement(ExIn)in social-psychiatric care in Germany,emphasizing both the challenges and opportunities it presents.The European Leonardo da Vinci Project(2005-2007)...This study explores the integration of Experienced Involvement(ExIn)in social-psychiatric care in Germany,emphasizing both the challenges and opportunities it presents.The European Leonardo da Vinci Project(2005-2007)established a curriculum for ExIn,promoting participatory structures in psychiatric services.While peer support is well-established in other European countries,Germany’s experience is still developing.This research uses a mixed methods design,combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews,to investigate the professional experiences of ExIn recovery companions and team colleagues in German clinics and support services.The findings reveal numerous benefits:for social-psychiatric services,ExIn enhances service quality,inclusivity,and accessibility;for team colleagues,it fosters reflexivity,hope,and trust,and improves self-care;for service users,it provides empowerment,easy access to support,trust,and hope,and offers credible role models.Despite these benefits,challenges such as stigmatization,lack of recognition,and financial constraints remain and require to be addressed.The study highlights the need and provides implications for a dedicated and inclusive approach to effectively implementing ExIn,ultimately enriching psychiatric care through experiential knowledge and reducing prejudice within mental health services.展开更多
The purpose of the paper is to study retention of vocabulary acquired incidentally on task-induced involvement by senior middle school students. Grade two of senior middle students participated in the experiments, tes...The purpose of the paper is to study retention of vocabulary acquired incidentally on task-induced involvement by senior middle school students. Grade two of senior middle students participated in the experiments, testing whether retention of vocabulary acquired incidentally is contingent on amount of task-induced involvement.Using short-and long term, namely immediate posttest and delayed posttest, retention of twelve unfamiliar words was investigated in three learning tasks (reading, reading plus fill-in and writing) with varying degrees of “involvement load”- various combinations of need, search and evaluation. The results of the experiment partially support the Involvement Load Hypothesis: retention in the writing group was higher than that in the reading plus fill-in group; retention in the reading plus fill-in group was higher than that in the reading group. The results are discussed in light of the construct of task-induced involvement.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore the measurement of coordinate parameter by multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system.[Method] The 3-dimensional coordinate of 8-year-old Jujube was measured by using L...[Objective] The aim was to explore the measurement of coordinate parameter by multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system.[Method] The 3-dimensional coordinate of 8-year-old Jujube was measured by using Lensphoto multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system,and through comparing with measured data of Total Station,the error and accuracy of photogrammetry data were analyzed.[Result] The absolute error of X,Y and Z coordinate was 0-0.014,0-0.018 and 0-0.004 m respectively,and the relative error of X,Y and Z coordinate was less than 0.145%.The significance test of pairs for the photogrammetry data and measured data of Total Station indicated that the space coordinate data of stumpage were accurately measured by using the multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry method,and the photogrammetry data meet the need of space coordinate measurement for virtual plant growth simulation.[Conclusion] This study had provided theoretical basis for the growth measurement of virtual plant growth simulation.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82271063No.82471054)Central Guidance for Local Scientific and Technological Development Funding Projects(No.2024ZY01057).
文摘The immune system is involved in many age-related pathological changes,also plays an important role in tissue regeneration after injury.But no immune involvement has been discussed regarding cataract since it is presumed that lens has no source of immune cells as an avascular zone.Latest research has challenged the longstanding view of the lens as an immune-privileged tissue,revealing the presence of resident immune cells and active immune responses within the lens.Thus,we summarized the immune involvement in maintaining lens homeostasis,which may be a deleterious role in the induction of lens opacification if inappropriately activated.Furthermore,bioengineer-based immunomodulatory therapies to fine-tune the micro immune environment within lens may be future strategies for in situ lens regeneration,as a novel treatment for cataract.
基金partially funded by the International Foundation for Science(Grant No:I-1-D-6066-1).
文摘Stem volume estimation is crucial in forest ecology and management,particularly for timber harvesting strategies and carbon stock assessments.This study aimed to develop a variable-exponent taper equation specifically tailored to savanna tree species using close-range photogrammetry(CRP)data and to evaluate its performance against conventional volume equations for stem volume estimation.A dataset of 30 trees across five dominant savanna species was used to fit the taper model,which was validated using a separate dataset of 322 trees from 14 species.The results demonstrated significant improvements in volume estimation accuracy when using the taper equation.At the tree level,the root mean square error(RMSE)decreased by 47%,from 598 to 319 dm^(3),and the mean absolute bias(MAB)by 48%,from 328 to 172 dm3,compared to volume equations.Similarly,at the plot level,RMSE was reduced by 42% and MAB by 40%.The model performed well for species with regular forms.However,species with irregular tapers exhibited higher errors,reflecting the challenges of modeling stem forms of mixed species.The use of CRP proved valuable,providing high-resolution diameter measurements that improved model parameterization.This study underscores the importance of advanced data collection methods for enhancing taper model accuracy and suggests that further species-specific adjustments are needed to improve performance for species with irregular forms.The findings support the broader application of taper equations for improving stem volume estimates in savanna ecosystems,contributing to better forest management and resource monitoring practices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82071426,81873784Clinical Cohort Construction Program of Peking University Third Hospital,No.BYSYDL2019002(all to DF)。
文摘Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by the involvement of both upper and lower motor neurons.Early bilateral limb involvement significantly affects patients'daily lives and may lead them to be confined to bed.However,the effect of upper and lower motor neuron impairment and other risk factors on bilateral limb involvement is unclear.To address this issue,we retrospectively collected data from 586 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with limb onset diagnosed at Peking University Third Hospital between January 2020 and May 2022.A univariate analysis revealed no significant differences in the time intervals of spread in different directions between individuals with upper motor neuron-dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and those with classic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.We used causal directed acyclic graphs for risk factor determination and Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the association between the duration of bilateral limb involvement and clinical baseline characteristics in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.Multiple factor analyses revealed that higher upper motor neuron scores(hazard ratio[HR]=1.05,95%confidence interval[CI]=1.01–1.09,P=0.018),onset in the left limb(HR=0.72,95%CI=0.58–0.89,P=0.002),and a horizontal pattern of progression(HR=0.46,95%CI=0.37–0.58,P<0.001)were risk factors for a shorter interval until bilateral limb involvement.The results demonstrated that a greater degree of upper motor neuron involvement might cause contralateral limb involvement to progress more quickly in limb-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.These findings may improve the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with limb onset and the prediction of patient prognosis.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52271317 and 52071149)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HUST:2019kfy XJJS007)。
文摘To address the problems of low accuracy by the CONWEP model and poor efficiency by the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL)method in predicting close-range air blast loads of cylindrical charges,a neural network-based simulation(NNS)method with higher accuracy and better efficiency was proposed.The NNS method consisted of three main steps.First,the parameters of blast loads,including the peak pressures and impulses of cylindrical charges with different aspect ratios(L/D)at different stand-off distances and incident angles were obtained by two-dimensional numerical simulations.Subsequently,incident shape factors of cylindrical charges with arbitrary aspect ratios were predicted by a neural network.Finally,reflected shape factors were derived and implemented into the subroutine of the ABAQUS code to modify the CONWEP model,including modifications of impulse and overpressure.The reliability of the proposed NNS method was verified by related experimental results.Remarkable accuracy improvement was acquired by the proposed NNS method compared with the unmodified CONWEP model.Moreover,huge efficiency superiority was obtained by the proposed NNS method compared with the CEL method.The proposed NNS method showed good accuracy when the scaled distance was greater than 0.2 m/kg^(1/3).It should be noted that there is no need to generate a new dataset again since the blast loads satisfy the similarity law,and the proposed NNS method can be directly used to simulate the blast loads generated by different cylindrical charges.The proposed NNS method with high efficiency and accuracy can be used as an effective method to analyze the dynamic response of structures under blast loads,and it has significant application prospects in designing protective structures.
文摘Objective:To compare the diagnostic value of 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT and MSCT in detecting thoracic wall and rib involvement in lung adenocarcinoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the imaging data of 78 thoracic wall and rib lesions from 66 patients,a total of 32 males and 34 females,aged(53.2±5.6)years old with pathologically confirmed lung adenocarcinoma who underwent both 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT and MSCT examinations from March 2017 to September 2023.The diagnostic efficacy of the two imaging modalities was compared using pathological confirmation or clinical follow-up as the gold standard.Results:Pathological confirmation or clinical follow-up revealed 74 lesions with thoracic wall bone involvement in lung adenocarcinoma(20 lesions confirmed by surgical pathology and 54 lesions confirmed by clinical follow-up)and 4 lesions without thoracic wall or rib involvement(2 lesions confirmed by surgical pathology and 2 lesions confirmed by clinical follow-up).The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT were 97.3%,50.0%,and 94.9%,respectively.Its diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy were higher than those of MSCT(72.3%and 74.4%,respectively),with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The specificity of 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT was lower than that of MSCT(100.0%),but the difference was not statistically significant(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the positive predictive value and negative predictive value between 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT and MSCT(P>0.05).99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT examination revised the MSCT tumor staging in 14 patients[21.2%(14/66)]with lung adenocarcinoma.Conclusion:99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT imaging demonstrates superior diagnostic efficacy compared to MSCT in detecting thoracic wall and rib involvement in lung adenocarcinoma.It offers more accurate tumor staging than MSCT,and an accurate diagnosis aids in clinical treatment decision-making.
文摘BACKGROUND In addition to nodal lesions,over 30%of mantle cell lymphomas(MCLs)also have gastrointestinal involvement,characteristically presenting as multiple lymphomatous polyposis(MLP),which rarely involve the esophagus.Most related papers have been case reports,and no comprehensive studies have been conducted;thus,the actual clinical situation has remained unknown for a long time.AIM To elucidate the actual clinical situation of esophageal involvement of MCL presenting with MLP,including its prognosis.METHODS From January 2001 to December 2021,among MCL patients whose gastrointestinal lesions were histopathologically confirmed by endoscopic biopsy at our center,6 patients with MLP in the esophagus were selected.We retro-spectively examined the clinical features of these patients,including their prognosis.RESULTS In all patients,multiple lesions were present in the gastrointestinal tract other than the esophagus and in the lymph nodes throughout the body,and most patients also had lesions involving the bone marrow or spleen.Most of the treatments include chemotherapy,with a 50%survival period of less than 2 years and a 5-year survival rate of approximately 30%,indicating a poor prognosis.CONCLUSION Patients with esophageal involvement of the MCL who presented with MLP had a large tumor burden and poor survival.
基金supported by the Sponsored by Tianjin Health Research Project(Grant No.TJWJ2023ZD003)the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation(Grant Nos.Y-NCJH202201-0027 and Y-2022YMJN/MS-0001).
文摘Because human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-associated Burkitt lymphoma(BL)has a poor prognosis new therapeutic approaches need to be developed1.Axicabtagene ciloleucel(axi-cel)is an anti-CD19 CAR-T cell commercially available FDA-approved product for patients with relapsed or refractory(R/R)large B-cell lymphoma(LBCL).However,axi-cel has not been approved by the FDA for use in patients with R/R BL.
基金This study was co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62003371,62373379,62103446,61273351,62073343)the Outstanding Youth Fund of Hunan Provincial Natural Science,China(No.2022JJ20081)the Innovation Driven Project of Central South University,China(No.2023CXQD066).
文摘This paper investigates an analytical optimal pose tracking control problem for chaser spacecraft during the close-range proximity operations with a non-cooperative space target subject to attitude tumbling and unknown orbital maneuvering.Firstly,the relative translational motion between the orbital target and the chaser spacecraft is described in the Line-of-Sight(LOS)coordinate frame along with attitude quaternion dynamics.Then,based on the coupled 6-Degree of Freedom(DOF)pose dynamic model,an analytical optimal control action consisting of constrained optimal control value,application time and its duration are proposed via exploring the iterative sequential action control algorithm.Meanwhile,the global closed-loop asymptotic stability of the proposed predictive control action is presented and discussed.Compared with traditional proximity control schemes,the highlighting advantages are that the application time and duration of the devised controller is applied discretely in light of the influence of the instantaneous pose configuration on the pose tracking performance with less energy consumptions rather than at each sample time.Finally,three groups of illustrative examples are organized to validate the effectiveness of the proposed analytical optimal pose tracking control scheme.
文摘Background: Workers spend a significant amount of time in the workspace. Involvement of a spouse in a doctor’s workplace can take different forms and come with different intentions. Objectives: The survey aimed to determine the prevalence and extent of spousal involvement in physicians’ workplaces as well as the outcome of such involvement on doctor’ swell-being, productivity, and relationship with colleagues. Methods: This cross-sectional online survey on spousal involvement in the workplace of doctors was conducted among 83 responding doctors from July to August 2023. Results: Among the respondents, 60 (72.3%) had witnessed a doctor’s spouse being involved in the workplace. The most common reason for spousal involvement in the workplace was to protect the spouse from what they perceived as a threat 34 (54.0%). Spouse’s ignorance of boundaries in the workplace (OR: 6.09 (95% CI: 1.70, 21.79) P: 0.003) and exertion of control by the spouse (OR: 11.2 (95% CI: 2.26, 56.41) P: 0.002) were significantly associated with higher odds of inappropriate spousal involvement in the workplace, while expression of love for spouse with acts of kindness was significantly associated with a lowered odd of inappropriate spousal involvement (OR: 0.11 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.36) P: 0.0001). Conclusion: Spousal involvement in the workplace is relatively common. Ignorance of the boundaries of the workplace and exertion of control by the spouse were significant enablers of inappropriate spousal involvement in the workplace of doctors. The establishment of workplace policies that define the limits of spousal involvement in the doctor’s workplace can foster a healthy workspace environment, enhance doctors’ well-being, and improve patient care.
文摘https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.393108 In the article titled“Sorl1 knockout inhibits expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor:involvement in the development of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease”,published on pages 1602-1607,Issue 7,Volume 19 of Neural Regeneration Research(Zhao et al.,2024),the first author’s affiliations were incorrectly tagged.
文摘The characteristics of asteroids are vital parameters for planning asteroid exploration missions.These characteristics have been explored in close range for some typical asteroids,and are summarized in the article.This allows estimates of the characteristics of asteroid 2016HO_(3),the target of the first Chinese asteroid exploration mission,Tianwen 2.We obtain 80 characteristic parameters in 9 categories and analyze their impacts on the mission.By comparing three close-range exploration modes,we provide advantages and disadvantages of each,and propose suitable methods for the exploration of 2016HO_(3).Owing to the weak gravity and small size of 2016HO_(3),a combination of multiple hovering positions and active orbiting is recommended for scientific exploration.
文摘BACKGROUND The use of neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)in distal cholangiocarcinoma(dCCA)with regional arterial or extensive venous involvement,is not widely accepted and evidence is sparse.AIM To synthesise evidence on NAT for dCCA and present the experience of a highvolume tertiary-centre managing dCCA with arterial involvement.METHODS A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidance to identify all studies reporting outcomes of patients with dCCA who received NAT.All patients from 2017 to 2022 who were referred for NAT for dCCA at our centre were retrospectively collected from a prospectively maintained database.Baseline characteristics,NAT type,progression to surgery and oncological outcomes were collected.RESULTS Twelve studies were included.The definition of“unresectable”locally advanced dCCA was heterogenous.Four studies reported outcomes for 9 patients who received NAT for dCCA with extensive vascular involvement.R0 resection rate ranged between 0 and 100%but without survival benefit in most cases.Remaining studies considered either NAT in resectable dCCA or inclusive with extrahepatic CCA.The presented case series includes 9 patients(median age 67,IQR 56-74 years,male:female 5:4)referred for NAT for borderline resectable or locally advanced disease.Three patients progressed to surgery and 2 were resected.One patient died at 14 months with evidence of recurrence at 6 months and the other died at 51 months following recurrence 6 months postoperatively.CONCLUSION Evidence for benefit of NAT is limited.Consensus on criteria for uniform definition of resectability for dCCA is required.We propose using the established National-Comprehensive-Cancer-Network®criteria for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
基金financed by the Flinders University College of Business,Government and Law Large Project Grant(Grant number:100031.21).
文摘Background:Shared decision-making(SDM)implementation is a priority for Australian health systems,including general practices but it remains complex for specific groups like older rural Australians.We initiated a qualitative study with older rural Australians to explore barriers to and facilitators of SDM in local general practices.Methods:We conducted a patient-oriented research,partnering with older rural Australians,families,and health service providers in research design.Participants who visited general practices were purposively sampled from five small rural towns in South Australia.A semi-structured interview guide was used for interviews and reflexive thematic coding was conducted.Results:Telephone interviews were held with 27 participants.Four themes were identified around older rural adults’involvement in SDM:(1)Understanding of"patient involvement";(2)Positive and negative outcomes;(3)Barriers to SDM;and(4)Facilitators to SDM.Understanding of patient involvement in SDM considerably varied among participants,with some reporting their involvement was contingent on the“opportunity to ask questions”and the“treatment choices”offered to them.Alongside the opportunity for involvement,barriers such as avoidance of cultural care and a lack of continuity of care are new findings.Challenges encountered in SDM implementation also included resource constraints and time limitations in general practices.Rural knowledge of general practitioners and technology integration in consultations were viewed as potential enablers..Conclusion:Adequate resources and well-defined guidelines about the process should accompany the implementation of SDM in rural general practices of South Australia.Innovative strategies by general practitioners promoting health literacy and culturally-tailored communication approaches could increase older rural Australians'involvement in general.
文摘Background: Pattern hair loss (PHL) is the most common form of hair loss affecting both men and women. The occipital region, located at the back of the scalp, has been considered resistant to hair loss in PHL. It is often used as a donor site for hair transplantation procedures. However, evidence suggests that the occipital region may also be affected by PHL, although to a lesser extent compared to the frontal and vertex regions. Objective: To assess the levels and determinants of occipital involvement in PHL, focusing on gender and disease severity. Such data would enhance the comprehensive understanding of PHL progression and inform development of improved treatment strategies. Methods: This retrospective study involved 1993 adults (1000 males, 993 females) following for PHL at a specialized hair clinic in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Any patient who had hair transplantation in the past and any male who had balding areas (Hamilton-Norwood scales 4 to 7) at the initial consultation was excluded. The primary outcome was occipital involvement, defined as >10% thin hairs in the trichometry assessments of the occipital region. Additional data included patients age, treatment status, disease severity, and other trichometry parameters. Results: The prevalence of occipital involvement was found to be 23.8% overall, significantly more frequent in females (35.6%) than males with early PHL (Hamilton-Norwood scales 2 and 3) (12.1%) (p Conclusion: This study underscored the relevance of gender and disease severity in occipital involvement in PHL. Females had significantly higher rates of occipital involvement, suggesting that gender differences are critical in understanding PHL progression. Future research should aim to validate these findings, with an aim to refine therapeutic and surgical approaches to improve patient outcomes.
文摘Although recent studies have examined collaboration within open-source software projects,the focus has primarily been on their motivations and governance.This study explores the complex dynamics of trust and involvement among Cameroonian software developers in open-source projects.In the context of a rapidly evolving software development landscape,these projects have emerged as a transformative force,redefining global collaboration standards.The qualitative methodological approach involved a survey of 22 participants in open-source software projects,including Cameroonian software developers,project governance actors,and open-source community members.Analyses revealed that the trust given to African software developers,including their effective integration into projects and consideration of their specificities and contributions,has a positive impact on their involvement in and ability to appropriate information technologies.By exploring the interaction between cultural,social,and technological factors,this study enhances our understanding of trust mechanisms within open-source communities,especially those involving remote developers.
文摘This study explores the integration of Experienced Involvement(ExIn)in social-psychiatric care in Germany,emphasizing both the challenges and opportunities it presents.The European Leonardo da Vinci Project(2005-2007)established a curriculum for ExIn,promoting participatory structures in psychiatric services.While peer support is well-established in other European countries,Germany’s experience is still developing.This research uses a mixed methods design,combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews,to investigate the professional experiences of ExIn recovery companions and team colleagues in German clinics and support services.The findings reveal numerous benefits:for social-psychiatric services,ExIn enhances service quality,inclusivity,and accessibility;for team colleagues,it fosters reflexivity,hope,and trust,and improves self-care;for service users,it provides empowerment,easy access to support,trust,and hope,and offers credible role models.Despite these benefits,challenges such as stigmatization,lack of recognition,and financial constraints remain and require to be addressed.The study highlights the need and provides implications for a dedicated and inclusive approach to effectively implementing ExIn,ultimately enriching psychiatric care through experiential knowledge and reducing prejudice within mental health services.
文摘The purpose of the paper is to study retention of vocabulary acquired incidentally on task-induced involvement by senior middle school students. Grade two of senior middle students participated in the experiments, testing whether retention of vocabulary acquired incidentally is contingent on amount of task-induced involvement.Using short-and long term, namely immediate posttest and delayed posttest, retention of twelve unfamiliar words was investigated in three learning tasks (reading, reading plus fill-in and writing) with varying degrees of “involvement load”- various combinations of need, search and evaluation. The results of the experiment partially support the Involvement Load Hypothesis: retention in the writing group was higher than that in the reading plus fill-in group; retention in the reading plus fill-in group was higher than that in the reading group. The results are discussed in light of the construct of task-induced involvement.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30770401)National Eleventh Five-Year Plan for Forestry Scienceand Technology Support Topics(2006BADO3A0505)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore the measurement of coordinate parameter by multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system.[Method] The 3-dimensional coordinate of 8-year-old Jujube was measured by using Lensphoto multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system,and through comparing with measured data of Total Station,the error and accuracy of photogrammetry data were analyzed.[Result] The absolute error of X,Y and Z coordinate was 0-0.014,0-0.018 and 0-0.004 m respectively,and the relative error of X,Y and Z coordinate was less than 0.145%.The significance test of pairs for the photogrammetry data and measured data of Total Station indicated that the space coordinate data of stumpage were accurately measured by using the multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry method,and the photogrammetry data meet the need of space coordinate measurement for virtual plant growth simulation.[Conclusion] This study had provided theoretical basis for the growth measurement of virtual plant growth simulation.
