Blood samples have traditionally been used as the main source of DNA for genetic analysis. How-ever, this source can be difficult in terms of collection, transportation, and long-term storage. In this study, we invest...Blood samples have traditionally been used as the main source of DNA for genetic analysis. How-ever, this source can be difficult in terms of collection, transportation, and long-term storage. In this study, we investigated whether human nail clippings could be used as a source of DNA for SNP genotyping, null-allele detection, and whole-genome amplification. From extracted nail DNA, we achieved amplicons up to a length of ~400 bp and >96% concordance for SNP genotyping and 100% concordance for null-allele detection compared to DNA derived from matched blood sam-ples. For whole-genome amplification, OmniPlex performed better than Multiple Displacement Amplification with a success rate of 89.3% and 76.8% for SNP genotyping and null-allele detection, respectively. Concordance was ~98% for both methods. When combined with OmniPlex whole-genome amplification, human nail clippings could potentially be used as an alternative to whole blood as a less invasive and more convenient source of DNA for genotyping studies.展开更多
目的组合零样本识别是计算机视觉领域零样本学习任务的子任务,旨在从已经见过的组合图像中学习属性和物体概念,并将其迁移到未见过的组合上。现有方法对组合图像中属性和物体的解耦合能力不足,并且未能充分发挥文本标签对于属性和物体...目的组合零样本识别是计算机视觉领域零样本学习任务的子任务,旨在从已经见过的组合图像中学习属性和物体概念,并将其迁移到未见过的组合上。现有方法对组合图像中属性和物体的解耦合能力不足,并且未能充分发挥文本标签对于属性和物体信息的解耦合作用。方法为解决组合图像中属性与物体信息纠缠的问题,针对文本与视觉模态的差异,提出双模态解耦机制:在文本端构建图神经网络以建模属性与物体间的语义关系,在视觉端引入交叉注意力机制增强对属性和物体特征的分离能力。该方法集成于语言图像预训练框架中,从语言与视觉两个层面提升模型对属性与物体概念的建模能力,从而增强未见组合的识别效果。结果在3个主流的组合零样本识别基准数据集MIT-States、UT-Zappos和C-GQA(compositional GQA)上对所提方法进行了系统评估,结果表明模型性能显著提升。以MIT-States数据集为例,在封闭世界设置下,相较于性能排名第2的模型,本文方法的AUC(area under curve)提升3.3%,HM(Harmonic mean)提升2.4%,已见组合的识别准确率提升5.3%,未见组合提升1.0%;在开放世界设置下,本文方法的AUC提升0.9%,HM提升0.7%,已见组合与未见组合准确率分别提升3.2%和1.0%。此外,在MIT-States数据集上对提出的文本与视觉解耦模块及其上下文建模组件进行了消融实验,进一步验证了各子模块对整体性能的有效贡献。结论所提出的图文双端解耦合模块提升了模型对于组合中属性和物体的学习能力,显著提升了模型在组合零样本识别任务上的表现。展开更多
Introduction Extensive Reading, as the name indicates, is a guide for students into the vast sea of knowledge. Reading demonstrates to students that there is no end in learning knowledge. However, reading and language...Introduction Extensive Reading, as the name indicates, is a guide for students into the vast sea of knowledge. Reading demonstrates to students that there is no end in learning knowledge. However, reading and language learning based on textbooks is far from enough because the knowledge from them is too narrow, the vocabulary is too limited and the contents are not current enough in these times of information exchange. Throughout my teaching experiments, I have found that newspaper clippings can become a very good way to bring more benefits to students’ learning than I expected. It can broaden the students’ horizons,展开更多
Arthropod melanization is a crucial defense mechanism mediated by a complex cascade of CLIP domain serine proteases(CLIPs).In this study,it was confirmed that microRNA-11903a(miR-11903a)targets Aedes-CLIPB9(AeCLIPB9)b...Arthropod melanization is a crucial defense mechanism mediated by a complex cascade of CLIP domain serine proteases(CLIPs).In this study,it was confirmed that microRNA-11903a(miR-11903a)targets Aedes-CLIPB9(AeCLIPB9)by bioinformatics prediction and dual-luciferase reporter assays.Following intrathoracic injection of miR-11903a agomir and antagomir,Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed that AeCLIPB9 is negatively regulated by miR-11903a.Spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed that miR-11903a is most abundant in 4th instar larvae,followed by pupae and adults,and highly expressed in the wings,head,and midgut of female adults.Following pathogen infection,AeCLIPB9 and miR-11903a exhibited opposite expression trends,indicating their potential roles in mosquito innate immunity.To further investigate the relationship between AeCLIPB9 and miR-11903a,double-strand CLIPB9 was synthesized and RNA interference was performed.Seven-d survival assays revealed that both AeCLIPB9 and miR-11903a were crucial immune factors in fighting pathogens.Finally,longevity assays demonstrated that miR-11903a influenced mosquito lifespan.展开更多
文摘Blood samples have traditionally been used as the main source of DNA for genetic analysis. How-ever, this source can be difficult in terms of collection, transportation, and long-term storage. In this study, we investigated whether human nail clippings could be used as a source of DNA for SNP genotyping, null-allele detection, and whole-genome amplification. From extracted nail DNA, we achieved amplicons up to a length of ~400 bp and >96% concordance for SNP genotyping and 100% concordance for null-allele detection compared to DNA derived from matched blood sam-ples. For whole-genome amplification, OmniPlex performed better than Multiple Displacement Amplification with a success rate of 89.3% and 76.8% for SNP genotyping and null-allele detection, respectively. Concordance was ~98% for both methods. When combined with OmniPlex whole-genome amplification, human nail clippings could potentially be used as an alternative to whole blood as a less invasive and more convenient source of DNA for genotyping studies.
文摘目的组合零样本识别是计算机视觉领域零样本学习任务的子任务,旨在从已经见过的组合图像中学习属性和物体概念,并将其迁移到未见过的组合上。现有方法对组合图像中属性和物体的解耦合能力不足,并且未能充分发挥文本标签对于属性和物体信息的解耦合作用。方法为解决组合图像中属性与物体信息纠缠的问题,针对文本与视觉模态的差异,提出双模态解耦机制:在文本端构建图神经网络以建模属性与物体间的语义关系,在视觉端引入交叉注意力机制增强对属性和物体特征的分离能力。该方法集成于语言图像预训练框架中,从语言与视觉两个层面提升模型对属性与物体概念的建模能力,从而增强未见组合的识别效果。结果在3个主流的组合零样本识别基准数据集MIT-States、UT-Zappos和C-GQA(compositional GQA)上对所提方法进行了系统评估,结果表明模型性能显著提升。以MIT-States数据集为例,在封闭世界设置下,相较于性能排名第2的模型,本文方法的AUC(area under curve)提升3.3%,HM(Harmonic mean)提升2.4%,已见组合的识别准确率提升5.3%,未见组合提升1.0%;在开放世界设置下,本文方法的AUC提升0.9%,HM提升0.7%,已见组合与未见组合准确率分别提升3.2%和1.0%。此外,在MIT-States数据集上对提出的文本与视觉解耦模块及其上下文建模组件进行了消融实验,进一步验证了各子模块对整体性能的有效贡献。结论所提出的图文双端解耦合模块提升了模型对于组合中属性和物体的学习能力,显著提升了模型在组合零样本识别任务上的表现。
文摘Introduction Extensive Reading, as the name indicates, is a guide for students into the vast sea of knowledge. Reading demonstrates to students that there is no end in learning knowledge. However, reading and language learning based on textbooks is far from enough because the knowledge from them is too narrow, the vocabulary is too limited and the contents are not current enough in these times of information exchange. Throughout my teaching experiments, I have found that newspaper clippings can become a very good way to bring more benefits to students’ learning than I expected. It can broaden the students’ horizons,
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Plan of Hainan Province(ZDKJ2021035)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20363)the Innovative Research Projects for Postgraduates in Hainan Province(Qhyb2022-41).
文摘Arthropod melanization is a crucial defense mechanism mediated by a complex cascade of CLIP domain serine proteases(CLIPs).In this study,it was confirmed that microRNA-11903a(miR-11903a)targets Aedes-CLIPB9(AeCLIPB9)by bioinformatics prediction and dual-luciferase reporter assays.Following intrathoracic injection of miR-11903a agomir and antagomir,Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed that AeCLIPB9 is negatively regulated by miR-11903a.Spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed that miR-11903a is most abundant in 4th instar larvae,followed by pupae and adults,and highly expressed in the wings,head,and midgut of female adults.Following pathogen infection,AeCLIPB9 and miR-11903a exhibited opposite expression trends,indicating their potential roles in mosquito innate immunity.To further investigate the relationship between AeCLIPB9 and miR-11903a,double-strand CLIPB9 was synthesized and RNA interference was performed.Seven-d survival assays revealed that both AeCLIPB9 and miR-11903a were crucial immune factors in fighting pathogens.Finally,longevity assays demonstrated that miR-11903a influenced mosquito lifespan.
