Objective:To analyze and provide a comprehensive overview of the knowledge structure and research hotspots of clinical interventions for falls in elderly patients in the community.Methods:The search for publications r...Objective:To analyze and provide a comprehensive overview of the knowledge structure and research hotspots of clinical interventions for falls in elderly patients in the community.Methods:The search for publications related to clinical interventions for falls in elderly patients in the community from 2002 to 2022 was conducted on the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC)database.VOSviewers,CiteSpace,and the R package“bibliometrix”were used to conduct this bibliometric analysis.Results:2091 articles from 70 countries,primarily the United States and Australia,were included.The number of publications related to clinical interventions for falls in elderly patients is increasing yearly.The main research institutions in this field were the University of Sydney,Harvard University,and the University of California.BioMed Central(BMC)Geriatrics was the most popular journal in this field and Journals of the American Geriatrics Society was the most co-cited journal.These publications came from 8984 authors among which author Lord SR had published the most papers and author Tinetti Me had the most co-citations.The main keywords in this research field were“balance,”“exercise,”and“risk factor.”Conclusion:This was the first bibliometric study that comprehensively summarized the research hot spots and development of clinical interventions for falls in elderly patients in the community.This paper aims to provide a reference for scholars and researchers in this particular field.展开更多
The tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)is broadly composed of various immune cells,and its heterogeneity is characterized by both immune cells and stromal cells.During the course of tumor formation and progression and...The tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)is broadly composed of various immune cells,and its heterogeneity is characterized by both immune cells and stromal cells.During the course of tumor formation and progression and anti-tumor treatment,the composition of the TIME becomes heterogeneous.Such immunological heterogeneity is not only present between populations but also exists on temporal and spatial scales.Owing to the existence of TIME,clinical outcomes can differ when a similar treatment strategy is provided to patients.Therefore,a comprehensive assessment of TIME heterogeneity is essential for developing precise and effective therapies.Facilitated by advanced technologies,it is possible to understand the complexity and diversity of the TIME and its influence on therapy responses.In this review,we discuss the potential reasons for TIME heterogeneity and the current approaches used to explore it.We also summarize clinical intervention strategies based on associated mechanisms or targets to control immunological heterogeneity.展开更多
Nowadays,several noninvasive neuroimaging techniques,including transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS),exist.The working mechanism behind TMS is a rapidly changing magnetic field that generates an electric current via ...Nowadays,several noninvasive neuroimaging techniques,including transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS),exist.The working mechanism behind TMS is a rapidly changing magnetic field that generates an electric current via electromagnetic induction.When the coil is placed on the scalp,the magnetic field generates a physiological reaction in the underlying neural tissue.The TMS-induced change in the participant’s behavior is used by researchers to investigate the causal relations between specific brain areas and cognitive functions such as language.A variant of TMS has been developed,which is called rapid-rate TMS(rTMS).In this review,three databases(Medline,Educational Resources Information Center,and Scopus)were searched for rTMS studies on normal reading and dyslexia with a cut-off date of October 31,2014.rTMS was found to be a valuable tool for investigating questions related to reading research,both on the word and the sentence level.Moreover,it can be successfully used in research on dyslexia.Recently,(high-frequency)rTMS has been used as a“clinical”intervention technique for treating dyslexia and for improving reading performance by exciting underactive reading pathways in the brain.Finally,we end the paper with a discussion of future directions in the field of rTMS research and dyslexia,for instance,the promising prospect of combining TMS with simultaneous electroencephalographic imaging.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has high-lighted the pivotal role of the immune response in determining the progression and severity of ...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has high-lighted the pivotal role of the immune response in determining the progression and severity of viral infections.In this paper,we review the most recent studies on the complicated dynamics between SARs-CoV-2 and the host immune system,highlight the importance of understanding these dynamics in developing effective treatments and formulate potent management strategies for CoVID-19.We describe the activation of the host's innate immunity and the subsequent adaptive immune response following infection with SARS-CoV-2.In addition,the review emphasizes the immune evasion strategies of the SARS-CoV-2,including inhibition of interferon production and induction of cytokine storms,along with the resulting clinical outcomes.Finally,we assess the efficacy of current treatment strategies,including antiviral drugs,monoclonal antibodies,and anti-inflammatory treatments,and discuss their role in providing immunity and preventing severe disease.展开更多
Background In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing thrombolytic therapy, the degree of ST-segment resolution （STR） correlates with long-term cardiovascular mortality. The long-term pr...Background In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing thrombolytic therapy, the degree of ST-segment resolution （STR） correlates with long-term cardiovascular mortality. The long-term predictive value of STR after primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） is less well understood. We sought to determine the long-term prognostic value of STR after primary PCI in ST-segment - elevation myocardial infarction.展开更多
Objective: to analyze the intervention effect and influence value of clinical pharmacists in the prevention of infection during the perioperative period of cesarean section and postpartum birth canal. Methods: the use...Objective: to analyze the intervention effect and influence value of clinical pharmacists in the prevention of infection during the perioperative period of cesarean section and postpartum birth canal. Methods: the use of antibiotics during the perioperative period of cesarean section and postpartum birth canal to prevent infection without the intervention of clinical pharmacists in the obstetrics department of our hospital from January 2018 to December 2018 was taken as the reference stage;The use of antibiotics during the perioperative period of cesarean section and postpartum birth canal after clinical pharmacists' intervention from January 2019 to December 2020 was taken as the observation stage. Select the reference stage, observation stage, obstetrical perioperative and postpartum birth canal to prevent infection of pregnant and parturient women who use antibacterial drugs, and the obstetrical medical staff to carry out this study. Before and after the intervention of clinical pharmacists, the evaluation scores of department management quality, postpartum (premature rupture of membranes, prolonged labor) birth canal infection rate, cesarean section wound infection rate, cure rate of original infectious diseases, perioperative preventive use of antibacterial drugs frequency of use (DDDs), and satisfaction rate of cesarean section pregnant women were compared. Results: compared with the reference stage, the evaluation score of department management quality, the cure rate of original infectious diseases and the satisfaction rate of cesarean section pregnant women in the observation stage were significantly improved (p < 0.05). The infection rates of postpartum (premature rupture of membranes, prolonged labor process), cesarean section wound and perioperative prophylactic use of antibiotics DDDs in the observation stage were significantly lower than those in the reference stage. Conclusion: the effect of clinical pharmacists' intervention and control on the prevention of infection in obstetric perioperative and postpartum birth canal is significant, which can significantly improve the quality of department management, reduce the infection rate in postpartum birth canal (premature rupture of membranes, prolonged labor process), wound infection rate in cesarean section and DDDs for prevention of infection in perioperative and postpartum birth canal, and improve the cure rate of original infectious diseases and the satisfaction rate of pregnant women in cesarean section.展开更多
Objective: to explore the clinical effect of clinical nursing intervention on patients with pulmonary complications in rheumatic immune diseases. Methods: a total of 98 patients with rheumatic immune diseases and pulm...Objective: to explore the clinical effect of clinical nursing intervention on patients with pulmonary complications in rheumatic immune diseases. Methods: a total of 98 patients with rheumatic immune diseases and pulmonary complications admitted to our hospital from July 2019 to September 2020 were randomly selected as the research object. They were randomly divided into two groups and then applied with different nursing programs. The analysis group of 49 patients received clinical nursing intervention, and the preset group of 49 patients received routine nursing. The nursing effects of the two groups were compared. Results: the incidence rate of pulmonary complications, hospitalization time and hospitalization expenses of the analysis group were lower than those of the preset group, and the patients' nursing satisfaction was higher than that of the preset group, with significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: clinical nursing intervention can reduce the risk of pulmonary complications, hospitalization time and treatment costs in patients with rheumatic immune diseases with pulmonary complications. Patients have high satisfaction with nursing and are suitable for promotion.展开更多
Objective: to analyze the promoting effect of correct use of antibiotics in respiratory medicine department through the way of clinical pharmaceutical intervention. Methods: 202 patients with respiratory diseases trea...Objective: to analyze the promoting effect of correct use of antibiotics in respiratory medicine department through the way of clinical pharmaceutical intervention. Methods: 202 patients with respiratory diseases treated in our hospital were treated with antibiotics. According to the random distribution, they were divided into observation group and control group, with 101 people in each group. The observation group chose to take clinical pharmaceutical intervention, while the control group did not take clinical pharmaceutical intervention, and the clinical manifestations of each patient were compared. Results: there was significant difference in the use of antibiotics (single antibiotic, double antibiotic and triple antibiotic) between the two groups (P < 0.05). The antibiotic use time and hospitalization time of the observation group and the control group were (9.09±1.29), (11.84±2.29), (12.37±1.43), (15.36±2.37) days respectively, with significant difference (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 2.97% in the observation group and 12.87% in the control group. There was significant difference between the groups (χ2 = 6.7876, P < 0.05). Conclusion: through clinical pharmaceutical intervention, antibiotics can be used regularly to ensure the rational use of their efficacy. At the same time, it can also reduce the dependence of respiratory medicine on antibiotics, reduce the medication time cycle, hospitalization time cycle, and improve patients' concurrent symptoms, greatly save patients' medical expenses and reduce their economic burden. It can also ensure the incidence of adverse reactions, which should be applied and popularized in relevant cases of respiratory medicine.展开更多
Objective To study the therapeutic efficacy of combined interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillation of mitomycin on preventing bladder cancers from recurring after local ablation. Methods 28 patients wit...Objective To study the therapeutic efficacy of combined interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillation of mitomycin on preventing bladder cancers from recurring after local ablation. Methods 28 patients with superficial bladder cancers were randomized into combined interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillation of mitomycin or intravesical instillation of mitomycin alone for preventing recurrence after local ablation. The result was assessed by x2 test. Results The patients have been followed up for 12-26 months (mean 21 months). 1 case has had tumor recurrence in the combined modality therapy group and 4 in the intravesical instillation alone group, the tumor recurrence rate being 7% (1/14) and 29% (4/14) respectively (P【0.05). Conclusion Combined use of interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillation of mitomycin is effective in preventing superficial bladder cancer from recurring after local ablation with fewer adverse effects. The ragimen is not only reliable but展开更多
Tobacco use remains one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality globally,with nicotine addiction significantly impacting health outcomes.This literature review explores the multifaceted nature of ...Tobacco use remains one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality globally,with nicotine addiction significantly impacting health outcomes.This literature review explores the multifaceted nature of tobacco use and its health implications,emphasizing the role of nursing interventions in smoking cessation.The review highlights various strategies employed by nurses,including assessment,counseling,pharmacotherapy support,and behavioral interventions,which are essential for effective tobacco cessation.By analyzing current evidence-based practices,the study underscores the importance of comprehensive assessments and personalized care plans tailored to individual patient needs.It also addresses the significance of motivational interviewing and the 5 A’s framework in facilitating successful quit attempts.In addition,the review discusses the integration of cognitive-behavioral therapy and stress management techniques as vital components of behavioral interventions.Recommendations for improving tobacco cessation efforts include enhanced training for healthcare professionals,the establishment of community-based support groups,and advocacy for robust tobacco control policies.The findings underscore the critical need for ongoing research into the long-term effectiveness of cessation interventions across diverse populations.This study aims to inform nursing practice and public health policy,ultimately contributing to the reduction of tobacco-related health issues and promoting healthier communities.展开更多
Background： Residual SYNTAX score （rSS） and its derived indexes including SYNTAX revascularization index （SRI） and clinical rSS had been developed to quantify and describe the extent of incomplete revascularizati...Background： Residual SYNTAX score （rSS） and its derived indexes including SYNTAX revascularization index （SRI） and clinical rSS had been developed to quantify and describe the extent of incomplete revascularization. This study was conducted to explore the utility of the three scores among real-world patients alter percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods： From January 2013 to December 2013, patients underwent PCI treatment at Fuwai Hospital were included. Tile primary endpoints were all-cause death and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. The secondary endpoints were myocardial infarction, revascularization, stroke, and stent thrombosis. Kaptan-Meier methodology was used to determine the outcomes. Cox multivariable regression was to test the associations between scores and all-cause mortality. Results： A total of 10,344 patients were finally analyzed in this study. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that greater residual coronary lesions quantified by rSS and its derived indexes were associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. However, atier multivariate analysis, only clinical rSS was an independent predictor of 2-year all-cause death （hazard ratio： 1.02, 95% confidence interval： 1.01-1.03, P 〈 0.01）. By receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve analysis, clinical rSS had superior predictability of 2-year all-cause death than rSS and SRI （area under ROC curve [AUC]： 0.50 vs. 0.56 vs. 0.56, all P 〈 0.01 ）, whereas rSS was superior in predicting repeat revascularization than clinical rSS and SRI （AUC： 0.62 vs. 0.61 vs. 0.61： all P 〈 0.01）. When comparing the predictive capability of rSS 〉8 with SRI 〈70%, their predictabilities were not significantly different.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in China from 2019 to 2023 and to explore risk factors for severe malaria cases,thereby providing a theoretical basis for early clinical ide...Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in China from 2019 to 2023 and to explore risk factors for severe malaria cases,thereby providing a theoretical basis for early clinical identification and intervention of severe malaria.Methods:National malaria case data were retrospectively collected from 2019 to 2023 through the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Study subjects were divided into severe and non-severe malaria cases,and the characteristics of both groups were analyzed.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore risk factors for developing severe malaria.Results:From 2019 to 2023,a total of 7,892 imported malaria cases were reported nationwide,including 673 severe cases and 7,219 non-severe cases.There were 7,353(93.2%)male and 539(6.8%)female patients.Compared to non-severe malaria patients,severe malaria patients were older(43.9±10.4 years),predominantly originated from Africa(643,95.5%),had a higher frequency of recent overseas residence within the past month(609,90.5%),were typically infected with P.falciparum(527,78.3%),and had a higher mortality rate(47,7.0%).Severe cases had longer median time intervals from symptom onset to medical visit(4 days),from visit to diagnosis(2 days),and from diagnosis to treatment(2 days),and a longer median medication time(7 days),all P<0.05.Conclusions:This study identified risk factors for severe malaria and recommends focusing on monitoring patients’age,infection source,Plasmodium species,time from onset to hospital visit,and recent history of foreign residence.These findings provide a valuable reference for effectively managing malaria cases and reducing the incidence of severe malaria in the future.展开更多
Cancer is a highly aggressive and devastating disease, and impediments to a cure arise not just from cancer itself. Targeted therapies are difficult to achieve since the majority of cancers are more intricate than eve...Cancer is a highly aggressive and devastating disease, and impediments to a cure arise not just from cancer itself. Targeted therapies are difficult to achieve since the majority of cancers are more intricate than ever imagined. Mainstream methodologies including chemotherapy and radiotherapy as routine clinical regimens frequently fail, eventually leading to pathologies that are refractory and incurable. One major cause is the gradual to rapid repopulation of surviving cancer cells during intervals of multiple-dose administration. Novel stressresponsive molecular pathways are increasingly unmasked and show promise as emerging targets for advanced strategies that aim at both de novo and acquired resistance. We highlight recent data reporting that treatments particularly those genotoxic can induce highly conserved damage responses in non-cancerous constituents of the tumor microenvironment （TMEN）. Master regulators, including but not limited to NF-kB and C/EBP-β, are implicated and their signal cascades culminate in a robust, chronic and genome-wide secretory program, forming an activated TMEN that releases a myriad of soluble factors. The damage-elicited but essentially off target and cell non-autonomous secretory phenotype of host stroma causes adverse consequences, among which is acquired resistance of cancer cells. Harnessing signals arising from the TMEN, a pathophysiological niche frequently damaged by medical interventions, has the potential to promote overall efficacy and improve clinical outcomes provided that appropriate actions are ingeniously integrated into contemporary therapies. Thereby, anticancer regimens should be well tuned to establish an innovative clinical avenue, and such advancement will allow future oncological treatments to be more specific, accurate, thor- ough and personalized.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine:Nursing Development Program(No.Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine[2021])Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,School of Medicine“Excellent Nursing Talent Program”LinkedIn Program(JYHRC22-L01).
文摘Objective:To analyze and provide a comprehensive overview of the knowledge structure and research hotspots of clinical interventions for falls in elderly patients in the community.Methods:The search for publications related to clinical interventions for falls in elderly patients in the community from 2002 to 2022 was conducted on the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC)database.VOSviewers,CiteSpace,and the R package“bibliometrix”were used to conduct this bibliometric analysis.Results:2091 articles from 70 countries,primarily the United States and Australia,were included.The number of publications related to clinical interventions for falls in elderly patients is increasing yearly.The main research institutions in this field were the University of Sydney,Harvard University,and the University of California.BioMed Central(BMC)Geriatrics was the most popular journal in this field and Journals of the American Geriatrics Society was the most co-cited journal.These publications came from 8984 authors among which author Lord SR had published the most papers and author Tinetti Me had the most co-citations.The main keywords in this research field were“balance,”“exercise,”and“risk factor.”Conclusion:This was the first bibliometric study that comprehensively summarized the research hot spots and development of clinical interventions for falls in elderly patients in the community.This paper aims to provide a reference for scholars and researchers in this particular field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82102878 to Jia-Nan Cheng and No.82073147 to Qingzhu Jia)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.cstc2021jcyj-msxm3521 to Jia-Nan Cheng)the Chongqing PhD scientific project(No.sl202100000575 to Jia-Nan Cheng).
文摘The tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)is broadly composed of various immune cells,and its heterogeneity is characterized by both immune cells and stromal cells.During the course of tumor formation and progression and anti-tumor treatment,the composition of the TIME becomes heterogeneous.Such immunological heterogeneity is not only present between populations but also exists on temporal and spatial scales.Owing to the existence of TIME,clinical outcomes can differ when a similar treatment strategy is provided to patients.Therefore,a comprehensive assessment of TIME heterogeneity is essential for developing precise and effective therapies.Facilitated by advanced technologies,it is possible to understand the complexity and diversity of the TIME and its influence on therapy responses.In this review,we discuss the potential reasons for TIME heterogeneity and the current approaches used to explore it.We also summarize clinical intervention strategies based on associated mechanisms or targets to control immunological heterogeneity.
文摘Nowadays,several noninvasive neuroimaging techniques,including transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS),exist.The working mechanism behind TMS is a rapidly changing magnetic field that generates an electric current via electromagnetic induction.When the coil is placed on the scalp,the magnetic field generates a physiological reaction in the underlying neural tissue.The TMS-induced change in the participant’s behavior is used by researchers to investigate the causal relations between specific brain areas and cognitive functions such as language.A variant of TMS has been developed,which is called rapid-rate TMS(rTMS).In this review,three databases(Medline,Educational Resources Information Center,and Scopus)were searched for rTMS studies on normal reading and dyslexia with a cut-off date of October 31,2014.rTMS was found to be a valuable tool for investigating questions related to reading research,both on the word and the sentence level.Moreover,it can be successfully used in research on dyslexia.Recently,(high-frequency)rTMS has been used as a“clinical”intervention technique for treating dyslexia and for improving reading performance by exciting underactive reading pathways in the brain.Finally,we end the paper with a discussion of future directions in the field of rTMS research and dyslexia,for instance,the promising prospect of combining TMS with simultaneous electroencephalographic imaging.
基金supported by The Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(Grant Nos.0058/2020/A,0018/2023/AM).
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has high-lighted the pivotal role of the immune response in determining the progression and severity of viral infections.In this paper,we review the most recent studies on the complicated dynamics between SARs-CoV-2 and the host immune system,highlight the importance of understanding these dynamics in developing effective treatments and formulate potent management strategies for CoVID-19.We describe the activation of the host's innate immunity and the subsequent adaptive immune response following infection with SARS-CoV-2.In addition,the review emphasizes the immune evasion strategies of the SARS-CoV-2,including inhibition of interferon production and induction of cytokine storms,along with the resulting clinical outcomes.Finally,we assess the efficacy of current treatment strategies,including antiviral drugs,monoclonal antibodies,and anti-inflammatory treatments,and discuss their role in providing immunity and preventing severe disease.
文摘Background In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing thrombolytic therapy, the degree of ST-segment resolution （STR） correlates with long-term cardiovascular mortality. The long-term predictive value of STR after primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） is less well understood. We sought to determine the long-term prognostic value of STR after primary PCI in ST-segment - elevation myocardial infarction.
文摘Objective: to analyze the intervention effect and influence value of clinical pharmacists in the prevention of infection during the perioperative period of cesarean section and postpartum birth canal. Methods: the use of antibiotics during the perioperative period of cesarean section and postpartum birth canal to prevent infection without the intervention of clinical pharmacists in the obstetrics department of our hospital from January 2018 to December 2018 was taken as the reference stage;The use of antibiotics during the perioperative period of cesarean section and postpartum birth canal after clinical pharmacists' intervention from January 2019 to December 2020 was taken as the observation stage. Select the reference stage, observation stage, obstetrical perioperative and postpartum birth canal to prevent infection of pregnant and parturient women who use antibacterial drugs, and the obstetrical medical staff to carry out this study. Before and after the intervention of clinical pharmacists, the evaluation scores of department management quality, postpartum (premature rupture of membranes, prolonged labor) birth canal infection rate, cesarean section wound infection rate, cure rate of original infectious diseases, perioperative preventive use of antibacterial drugs frequency of use (DDDs), and satisfaction rate of cesarean section pregnant women were compared. Results: compared with the reference stage, the evaluation score of department management quality, the cure rate of original infectious diseases and the satisfaction rate of cesarean section pregnant women in the observation stage were significantly improved (p < 0.05). The infection rates of postpartum (premature rupture of membranes, prolonged labor process), cesarean section wound and perioperative prophylactic use of antibiotics DDDs in the observation stage were significantly lower than those in the reference stage. Conclusion: the effect of clinical pharmacists' intervention and control on the prevention of infection in obstetric perioperative and postpartum birth canal is significant, which can significantly improve the quality of department management, reduce the infection rate in postpartum birth canal (premature rupture of membranes, prolonged labor process), wound infection rate in cesarean section and DDDs for prevention of infection in perioperative and postpartum birth canal, and improve the cure rate of original infectious diseases and the satisfaction rate of pregnant women in cesarean section.
文摘Objective: to explore the clinical effect of clinical nursing intervention on patients with pulmonary complications in rheumatic immune diseases. Methods: a total of 98 patients with rheumatic immune diseases and pulmonary complications admitted to our hospital from July 2019 to September 2020 were randomly selected as the research object. They were randomly divided into two groups and then applied with different nursing programs. The analysis group of 49 patients received clinical nursing intervention, and the preset group of 49 patients received routine nursing. The nursing effects of the two groups were compared. Results: the incidence rate of pulmonary complications, hospitalization time and hospitalization expenses of the analysis group were lower than those of the preset group, and the patients' nursing satisfaction was higher than that of the preset group, with significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: clinical nursing intervention can reduce the risk of pulmonary complications, hospitalization time and treatment costs in patients with rheumatic immune diseases with pulmonary complications. Patients have high satisfaction with nursing and are suitable for promotion.
文摘Objective: to analyze the promoting effect of correct use of antibiotics in respiratory medicine department through the way of clinical pharmaceutical intervention. Methods: 202 patients with respiratory diseases treated in our hospital were treated with antibiotics. According to the random distribution, they were divided into observation group and control group, with 101 people in each group. The observation group chose to take clinical pharmaceutical intervention, while the control group did not take clinical pharmaceutical intervention, and the clinical manifestations of each patient were compared. Results: there was significant difference in the use of antibiotics (single antibiotic, double antibiotic and triple antibiotic) between the two groups (P < 0.05). The antibiotic use time and hospitalization time of the observation group and the control group were (9.09±1.29), (11.84±2.29), (12.37±1.43), (15.36±2.37) days respectively, with significant difference (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 2.97% in the observation group and 12.87% in the control group. There was significant difference between the groups (χ2 = 6.7876, P < 0.05). Conclusion: through clinical pharmaceutical intervention, antibiotics can be used regularly to ensure the rational use of their efficacy. At the same time, it can also reduce the dependence of respiratory medicine on antibiotics, reduce the medication time cycle, hospitalization time cycle, and improve patients' concurrent symptoms, greatly save patients' medical expenses and reduce their economic burden. It can also ensure the incidence of adverse reactions, which should be applied and popularized in relevant cases of respiratory medicine.
文摘Objective To study the therapeutic efficacy of combined interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillation of mitomycin on preventing bladder cancers from recurring after local ablation. Methods 28 patients with superficial bladder cancers were randomized into combined interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillation of mitomycin or intravesical instillation of mitomycin alone for preventing recurrence after local ablation. The result was assessed by x2 test. Results The patients have been followed up for 12-26 months (mean 21 months). 1 case has had tumor recurrence in the combined modality therapy group and 4 in the intravesical instillation alone group, the tumor recurrence rate being 7% (1/14) and 29% (4/14) respectively (P【0.05). Conclusion Combined use of interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillation of mitomycin is effective in preventing superficial bladder cancer from recurring after local ablation with fewer adverse effects. The ragimen is not only reliable but
文摘Tobacco use remains one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality globally,with nicotine addiction significantly impacting health outcomes.This literature review explores the multifaceted nature of tobacco use and its health implications,emphasizing the role of nursing interventions in smoking cessation.The review highlights various strategies employed by nurses,including assessment,counseling,pharmacotherapy support,and behavioral interventions,which are essential for effective tobacco cessation.By analyzing current evidence-based practices,the study underscores the importance of comprehensive assessments and personalized care plans tailored to individual patient needs.It also addresses the significance of motivational interviewing and the 5 A’s framework in facilitating successful quit attempts.In addition,the review discusses the integration of cognitive-behavioral therapy and stress management techniques as vital components of behavioral interventions.Recommendations for improving tobacco cessation efforts include enhanced training for healthcare professionals,the establishment of community-based support groups,and advocacy for robust tobacco control policies.The findings underscore the critical need for ongoing research into the long-term effectiveness of cessation interventions across diverse populations.This study aims to inform nursing practice and public health policy,ultimately contributing to the reduction of tobacco-related health issues and promoting healthier communities.
文摘Background： Residual SYNTAX score （rSS） and its derived indexes including SYNTAX revascularization index （SRI） and clinical rSS had been developed to quantify and describe the extent of incomplete revascularization. This study was conducted to explore the utility of the three scores among real-world patients alter percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods： From January 2013 to December 2013, patients underwent PCI treatment at Fuwai Hospital were included. Tile primary endpoints were all-cause death and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. The secondary endpoints were myocardial infarction, revascularization, stroke, and stent thrombosis. Kaptan-Meier methodology was used to determine the outcomes. Cox multivariable regression was to test the associations between scores and all-cause mortality. Results： A total of 10,344 patients were finally analyzed in this study. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that greater residual coronary lesions quantified by rSS and its derived indexes were associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. However, atier multivariate analysis, only clinical rSS was an independent predictor of 2-year all-cause death （hazard ratio： 1.02, 95% confidence interval： 1.01-1.03, P 〈 0.01）. By receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve analysis, clinical rSS had superior predictability of 2-year all-cause death than rSS and SRI （area under ROC curve [AUC]： 0.50 vs. 0.56 vs. 0.56, all P 〈 0.01 ）, whereas rSS was superior in predicting repeat revascularization than clinical rSS and SRI （AUC： 0.62 vs. 0.61 vs. 0.61： all P 〈 0.01）. When comparing the predictive capability of rSS 〉8 with SRI 〈70%, their predictabilities were not significantly different.
文摘Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in China from 2019 to 2023 and to explore risk factors for severe malaria cases,thereby providing a theoretical basis for early clinical identification and intervention of severe malaria.Methods:National malaria case data were retrospectively collected from 2019 to 2023 through the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Study subjects were divided into severe and non-severe malaria cases,and the characteristics of both groups were analyzed.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore risk factors for developing severe malaria.Results:From 2019 to 2023,a total of 7,892 imported malaria cases were reported nationwide,including 673 severe cases and 7,219 non-severe cases.There were 7,353(93.2%)male and 539(6.8%)female patients.Compared to non-severe malaria patients,severe malaria patients were older(43.9±10.4 years),predominantly originated from Africa(643,95.5%),had a higher frequency of recent overseas residence within the past month(609,90.5%),were typically infected with P.falciparum(527,78.3%),and had a higher mortality rate(47,7.0%).Severe cases had longer median time intervals from symptom onset to medical visit(4 days),from visit to diagnosis(2 days),and from diagnosis to treatment(2 days),and a longer median medication time(7 days),all P<0.05.Conclusions:This study identified risk factors for severe malaria and recommends focusing on monitoring patients’age,infection source,Plasmodium species,time from onset to hospital visit,and recent history of foreign residence.These findings provide a valuable reference for effectively managing malaria cases and reducing the incidence of severe malaria in the future.
文摘Cancer is a highly aggressive and devastating disease, and impediments to a cure arise not just from cancer itself. Targeted therapies are difficult to achieve since the majority of cancers are more intricate than ever imagined. Mainstream methodologies including chemotherapy and radiotherapy as routine clinical regimens frequently fail, eventually leading to pathologies that are refractory and incurable. One major cause is the gradual to rapid repopulation of surviving cancer cells during intervals of multiple-dose administration. Novel stressresponsive molecular pathways are increasingly unmasked and show promise as emerging targets for advanced strategies that aim at both de novo and acquired resistance. We highlight recent data reporting that treatments particularly those genotoxic can induce highly conserved damage responses in non-cancerous constituents of the tumor microenvironment （TMEN）. Master regulators, including but not limited to NF-kB and C/EBP-β, are implicated and their signal cascades culminate in a robust, chronic and genome-wide secretory program, forming an activated TMEN that releases a myriad of soluble factors. The damage-elicited but essentially off target and cell non-autonomous secretory phenotype of host stroma causes adverse consequences, among which is acquired resistance of cancer cells. Harnessing signals arising from the TMEN, a pathophysiological niche frequently damaged by medical interventions, has the potential to promote overall efficacy and improve clinical outcomes provided that appropriate actions are ingeniously integrated into contemporary therapies. Thereby, anticancer regimens should be well tuned to establish an innovative clinical avenue, and such advancement will allow future oncological treatments to be more specific, accurate, thor- ough and personalized.
