Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) was originally identified as a virulence factor of H. pylori for its ability to activate neutrophils to generate respiratory burst by releasing re...Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) was originally identified as a virulence factor of H. pylori for its ability to activate neutrophils to generate respiratory burst by releasing reactive oxygen species. Later on, HP-NAP was also found to be involved in the protection of H. pylori from DNA damage, supporting the survival of H. pylori under oxidative stress. This protein is highly conserved and expressed by virtually all clinical isolates of H. pylori. The majority of patients infected with H. pylori produced antibodies specific for HP-NAP, suggesting its important role in immunity. In addition to acting as a pathogenic factor by activating the innate immunity through a wide range of human leukocytes, including neutrophils, monocytes, and mast cells, HP-NAP also mediates adaptive immunity through the induction of T helper cell type I responses. The pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of HP-NAP not only make it play an important role in disease pathogenesis but also make it a potential candidate for clinical use. Even though there is no convincing evidence to link HP-NAP to a disease outcome, recent findings supporting the pathogenic role of HP-NAP will be reviewed. In addition, the potential clinical applications of HP-NAP in vaccine development, clinical diagnosis, and drug development will be discussed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Indeterminate dendritic cell tumor(IDCT)is a rare tumor of immune cells,and IDCT patients without skin lesions are rarely reported.Therefore,the clinical course in this type of patient is unclear,and furthe...BACKGROUND Indeterminate dendritic cell tumor(IDCT)is a rare tumor of immune cells,and IDCT patients without skin lesions are rarely reported.Therefore,the clinical course in this type of patient is unclear,and further research on the underlying pathological mechanisms and appropriate treatments is needed.CASE SUMMARY This study describes a female IDCT patient with bile duct lesions.The strong mimicry of IDCT lesions confused doctors,and consequently,this patient,who had no skin lesions,was first diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma.Then,she presented with persistent abdominal distension without jaundice.Enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes along with massive ascites were observed in the subsequent imaging examination.However,no tumor cells or pathogens were found in the three subsequent ascites analyses.It took 2 years to reach the correct diagnosis,which was eventually obtained by performing surgery for biopsy of the patient’s abdominal lymph nodes.However,by then,she was already in a cachexic state.Finally,she received a cycle of cyclophosphamide therapy and was advised to visit a hospital specializing in rare diseases.CONCLUSION For IDCT patients without skin lesions,early biopsy is the key to obtaining a correct diagnosis.Moreover,the collective management of IDCT patients is important.Further histological and molecular biology studies based on human specimens are critical for understanding the pathological mechanism of dendritic cell tumors in the future.展开更多
Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat,and the World Health Organization(WHO)has announced a priority list of the most threatening pathogens against which novel antibiotics need to be developed.The ...Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat,and the World Health Organization(WHO)has announced a priority list of the most threatening pathogens against which novel antibiotics need to be developed.The discovery and introduction of novel antibiotics are time-consuming and expensive.According to WHO’s report of antibacterial agents in clinical development,only 18 novel antibiotics have been approved since 2014.Therefore,novel antibiotics are critically needed.Artificial intelligence(AI)has been rapidly applied to drug development since its recent technical breakthrough and has dramatically improved the efficiency of the discovery of novel antibiotics.Here,we first summarized recently marketed novel antibiotics,and antibiotic candidates in clinical development.In addition,we systematically reviewed the involvement of AI in antibacterial drug development and utilization,including small molecules,antimicrobial peptides,phage therapy,essential oils,as well as resistance mechanism prediction,and antibiotic stewardship.展开更多
Dear Editor,I am writing in response to the article“Assessment of nurses’workplace silence behavior motives:A cross-sectional study”by Alhojairi et al.published in the September 2024 issue of the International Jour...Dear Editor,I am writing in response to the article“Assessment of nurses’workplace silence behavior motives:A cross-sectional study”by Alhojairi et al.published in the September 2024 issue of the International Journal of Nursing Sciences[1].This is a letter written by a nurse with 10 years of clinical work experience and a personal interest in team dynamics.I appreciate the authors'recommendations on mitigating workplace silence among nurses to enhance clinical work development,and I believe their proposals could be expanded further.展开更多
基金Supported by National Science Council of Taiwan,No.NSC101-2311-B-007-007
文摘Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) was originally identified as a virulence factor of H. pylori for its ability to activate neutrophils to generate respiratory burst by releasing reactive oxygen species. Later on, HP-NAP was also found to be involved in the protection of H. pylori from DNA damage, supporting the survival of H. pylori under oxidative stress. This protein is highly conserved and expressed by virtually all clinical isolates of H. pylori. The majority of patients infected with H. pylori produced antibodies specific for HP-NAP, suggesting its important role in immunity. In addition to acting as a pathogenic factor by activating the innate immunity through a wide range of human leukocytes, including neutrophils, monocytes, and mast cells, HP-NAP also mediates adaptive immunity through the induction of T helper cell type I responses. The pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of HP-NAP not only make it play an important role in disease pathogenesis but also make it a potential candidate for clinical use. Even though there is no convincing evidence to link HP-NAP to a disease outcome, recent findings supporting the pathogenic role of HP-NAP will be reviewed. In addition, the potential clinical applications of HP-NAP in vaccine development, clinical diagnosis, and drug development will be discussed.
文摘BACKGROUND Indeterminate dendritic cell tumor(IDCT)is a rare tumor of immune cells,and IDCT patients without skin lesions are rarely reported.Therefore,the clinical course in this type of patient is unclear,and further research on the underlying pathological mechanisms and appropriate treatments is needed.CASE SUMMARY This study describes a female IDCT patient with bile duct lesions.The strong mimicry of IDCT lesions confused doctors,and consequently,this patient,who had no skin lesions,was first diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma.Then,she presented with persistent abdominal distension without jaundice.Enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes along with massive ascites were observed in the subsequent imaging examination.However,no tumor cells or pathogens were found in the three subsequent ascites analyses.It took 2 years to reach the correct diagnosis,which was eventually obtained by performing surgery for biopsy of the patient’s abdominal lymph nodes.However,by then,she was already in a cachexic state.Finally,she received a cycle of cyclophosphamide therapy and was advised to visit a hospital specializing in rare diseases.CONCLUSION For IDCT patients without skin lesions,early biopsy is the key to obtaining a correct diagnosis.Moreover,the collective management of IDCT patients is important.Further histological and molecular biology studies based on human specimens are critical for understanding the pathological mechanism of dendritic cell tumors in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300157)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(19411964900)+1 种基金the Major Research and Development Project of Innovative Drugs,Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2017ZX09304005)the Wellcome Trust.
文摘Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat,and the World Health Organization(WHO)has announced a priority list of the most threatening pathogens against which novel antibiotics need to be developed.The discovery and introduction of novel antibiotics are time-consuming and expensive.According to WHO’s report of antibacterial agents in clinical development,only 18 novel antibiotics have been approved since 2014.Therefore,novel antibiotics are critically needed.Artificial intelligence(AI)has been rapidly applied to drug development since its recent technical breakthrough and has dramatically improved the efficiency of the discovery of novel antibiotics.Here,we first summarized recently marketed novel antibiotics,and antibiotic candidates in clinical development.In addition,we systematically reviewed the involvement of AI in antibacterial drug development and utilization,including small molecules,antimicrobial peptides,phage therapy,essential oils,as well as resistance mechanism prediction,and antibiotic stewardship.
文摘Dear Editor,I am writing in response to the article“Assessment of nurses’workplace silence behavior motives:A cross-sectional study”by Alhojairi et al.published in the September 2024 issue of the International Journal of Nursing Sciences[1].This is a letter written by a nurse with 10 years of clinical work experience and a personal interest in team dynamics.I appreciate the authors'recommendations on mitigating workplace silence among nurses to enhance clinical work development,and I believe their proposals could be expanded further.
