Urban parks,as a vital component of green infrastructure,significantly contribute to alleviating the impacts of climate change and enhancing the urban ecosystem.This paper examines the EVFBS Cemetery Park in Berlin as...Urban parks,as a vital component of green infrastructure,significantly contribute to alleviating the impacts of climate change and enhancing the urban ecosystem.This paper examines the EVFBS Cemetery Park in Berlin as a case study to elucidate the significant role of centralized urban greening,exemplified by urban cemetery parks,in addressing the challenges posed by urban climate change.Through field research,data collection,and various methodologies,this study examines the specific planning and design measures employed to address climate-related challenges,including air purification,temperature regulation,and mitigation of the urban heat island effect.Additionally,it explores the multifaceted roles of urban parks in enhancing the quality of the urban ecological environment,promoting biodiversity,and providing recreational spaces for residents.The aim is to elucidate the significance of diverse urban parks within the climate regulation strategies of contemporary metropolises.By comparing and discussing relevant practices and successful experiences in climate-adaptive design from Berlin,and summarizing advanced concepts and planning experiences that may serve as valuable references for the development of urban green spaces in China,it examines the significance of urban park greening for climate regulation in contemporary cities.展开更多
Partial substitution of synthetic nitrogen(N)with organic fertilizers(PSOF)is of great significance in improving soil ecosystem functions in systems that have deteriorated due to the excessive application of chemical ...Partial substitution of synthetic nitrogen(N)with organic fertilizers(PSOF)is of great significance in improving soil ecosystem functions in systems that have deteriorated due to the excessive application of chemical N fertilizer.However,existing studies typically focus on individual soil functions,neglecting the fact that multiple functions occur simultaneously.It remains unclear how PSOF influences multiple soil functions and whether these impacts are related to soil microbial communities.Here,we examined the impacts of partial substitutions(25%–50%)of chemical N fertilizer with organic form(pig manure or municipal sludge)in a vegetable field on soil multifunctionality,by measuring a range of soil functions involving primary production(vegetable yield and quality),nutrient cycling(soil enzyme activities,ammonia volatilization,N leaching,and N runoff),and climate regulation(soil organic carbon sequestration and nitrous oxide emission).We observed that PSOF improved soil multifunctionality,with a 50%substitution of chemical N fertilizer with pig manure being the best management practice;the result was strongly related to the diversities and network complexities of bacteria and fungi.Random forest analysis further revealed that soil multifunctionality was best explained by the bacterial-fungal network complexity,followed by available phosphorus level and bacterial diversity.The PSOF also shifted the composition of bacterial and fungal communities,with increased relative abundances of dominant bacteria phyla,such as Bacteroidetes,Gemmatimonadetes,and Myxococcota,and fungal phyla,such as Basidiomycota and Olpidiomycota.The observed increases in soil multifunctionality were consistent with significant increases in the relative abundances of keystone taxa such as Blastocladiomycota,Chaetomiaceae,and Nocardiopsaceae.Together,these findings indicate that PSOF can enhance interactions within and among microbial communities and that such practices have the potential to improve soil ecosystem multifunctionality and contribute to the development of sustainable agriculture.展开更多
Quantitative assessment of organic carbon(OC)stocks in different habitats is crucial in ecology.Understanding the drivers affecting OC stocks across distinct carbon pools is essential for comprehending current pattern...Quantitative assessment of organic carbon(OC)stocks in different habitats is crucial in ecology.Understanding the drivers affecting OC stocks across distinct carbon pools is essential for comprehending current patterns and predicting future changes.Alpine ecosystems,important for atmospheric CO_(2)regulation and highly vulnerable to climate change,are priority study areas.This research aims to estimate OC stocks in different pools(soil,organic horizons,and aboveground vegetation)and identify factors influencing these stocks in an alpine environment.We sampled 146 sites representing six forest types and two grassland types in the Gran Paradiso National Park(northern Italian Alps).Field samples of soils,organic horizons,and data on aboveground trees were collected to assess OC stocks,along with environmental variables.Our findings reveal nuanced variations in OC stocks across different ecosystem components.In grasslands,average soil OC was 5.57 kg m^(-2),while in forests it was 4.11 kg m^(-2).Organic horizons contained an average of 0.70 kg m^(-2),and aboveground vegetation in forests stored 6.61 kg m^(-2).Linear Mixed Models indicate that soil OC is influenced by habitat type,soil type,and elevation.OC in organic horizons is affected by aspect and forest habitat type,with composting further influenced by elevation.These results contribute to OC stock inventories for alpine ecosystems and enhance our understanding of how environmental factors influence carbon storage.Importantly,they underscore the need to consider soil type and other factors beyond land use when modeling OC stocks.This insight has implications for designing effective territorial strategies to address climate change,emphasizing the importance of a multifaceted approach to carbon stock assessment and management in alpine regions.展开更多
The cryosphere,encompassing glaciers,ice sheets,permafrost,and snow,plays a critical role in regulating climate and sustaining human wellbeing.However,climate change is driving widespread cryosphere degradation,intens...The cryosphere,encompassing glaciers,ice sheets,permafrost,and snow,plays a critical role in regulating climate and sustaining human wellbeing.However,climate change is driving widespread cryosphere degradation,intensifying geophysical and climaterelated hazards that pose escalating risks to the public health and safety.The resulting decline in both the quantity and quality of cryosphere services also has severe consequences,particularly for populations in polar regions,high-altitude mountains,and their downstream areas.Furthermore,teleconnected climate systems can even extend cryosphere change impacts beyond these regions.It has been seen that increasing cryosphere-related hazards,such as glacial lake outburst floods and extreme winter events,heighten public health risks.Disrupted meltwater supply and ecosystem shifts inflict water and food insecurity in arid and semiarid regions,exacerbating malnutrition and disease burdens.Additionally,thawing permafrost may release ancient pathogens and toxic substances,increasing the risks of infectious disease outbreaks and severe environmental contamination.Addressing these cascading risks requires urgent interdisciplinary research,public awareness,and investment in adaptive strategies to strengthen societal resilience amid a rapidly changing cryosphere and safeguard public wellbeing.展开更多
Introduction:Biodiversity and biodiversity-based ecosystems services are intrinsically dependent on the climate.During the twentieth century,climate change has posed major threats to biodiversity in Africa,and impacts...Introduction:Biodiversity and biodiversity-based ecosystems services are intrinsically dependent on the climate.During the twentieth century,climate change has posed major threats to biodiversity in Africa,and impacts are expected to increase as climate change continues and perhaps even accelerates.Outcomes:Our review shows that the multiple components of climate change are projected to affect all levels of biodiversity,from genes over species to biome level.Loss of biodiversity as a result of climate change can alter the structures and functions of African ecological systems.As a result,the provision of biodiversity-based ecosystem services and the wellbeing of people that rely on these services are being modified.Of particular concerns are“tipping points”where the exceedance of ecosystem thresholds will possibly lead to irreversible shifts of the structure of ecosystems and their services.In recent years,climate prediction models have portended continued warming and more frequent extreme weather events across the region.Such weather-related disturbances such as El Niño will place a premium on biodiversity and biodiversity-based ecosystem services that people rely on.Conclusion:As biodiversity underlies all goods and services provided by ecosystems that are crucial for human survival and well-being,this paper synthesizes and discusses observed and anticipated impacts of climate change on biodiversity and biodiversity-based ecosystem service provision and livelihoods,and what strategies might be employed to decrease current and future risks on the well-being of human in Africa.展开更多
基金Sponsored by Beijing Urban Governance Research Base of North China University of Technology(2024CSZL07).
文摘Urban parks,as a vital component of green infrastructure,significantly contribute to alleviating the impacts of climate change and enhancing the urban ecosystem.This paper examines the EVFBS Cemetery Park in Berlin as a case study to elucidate the significant role of centralized urban greening,exemplified by urban cemetery parks,in addressing the challenges posed by urban climate change.Through field research,data collection,and various methodologies,this study examines the specific planning and design measures employed to address climate-related challenges,including air purification,temperature regulation,and mitigation of the urban heat island effect.Additionally,it explores the multifaceted roles of urban parks in enhancing the quality of the urban ecological environment,promoting biodiversity,and providing recreational spaces for residents.The aim is to elucidate the significance of diverse urban parks within the climate regulation strategies of contemporary metropolises.By comparing and discussing relevant practices and successful experiences in climate-adaptive design from Berlin,and summarizing advanced concepts and planning experiences that may serve as valuable references for the development of urban green spaces in China,it examines the significance of urban park greening for climate regulation in contemporary cities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41961124004,42207361,and42061124001)。
文摘Partial substitution of synthetic nitrogen(N)with organic fertilizers(PSOF)is of great significance in improving soil ecosystem functions in systems that have deteriorated due to the excessive application of chemical N fertilizer.However,existing studies typically focus on individual soil functions,neglecting the fact that multiple functions occur simultaneously.It remains unclear how PSOF influences multiple soil functions and whether these impacts are related to soil microbial communities.Here,we examined the impacts of partial substitutions(25%–50%)of chemical N fertilizer with organic form(pig manure or municipal sludge)in a vegetable field on soil multifunctionality,by measuring a range of soil functions involving primary production(vegetable yield and quality),nutrient cycling(soil enzyme activities,ammonia volatilization,N leaching,and N runoff),and climate regulation(soil organic carbon sequestration and nitrous oxide emission).We observed that PSOF improved soil multifunctionality,with a 50%substitution of chemical N fertilizer with pig manure being the best management practice;the result was strongly related to the diversities and network complexities of bacteria and fungi.Random forest analysis further revealed that soil multifunctionality was best explained by the bacterial-fungal network complexity,followed by available phosphorus level and bacterial diversity.The PSOF also shifted the composition of bacterial and fungal communities,with increased relative abundances of dominant bacteria phyla,such as Bacteroidetes,Gemmatimonadetes,and Myxococcota,and fungal phyla,such as Basidiomycota and Olpidiomycota.The observed increases in soil multifunctionality were consistent with significant increases in the relative abundances of keystone taxa such as Blastocladiomycota,Chaetomiaceae,and Nocardiopsaceae.Together,these findings indicate that PSOF can enhance interactions within and among microbial communities and that such practices have the potential to improve soil ecosystem multifunctionality and contribute to the development of sustainable agriculture.
文摘Quantitative assessment of organic carbon(OC)stocks in different habitats is crucial in ecology.Understanding the drivers affecting OC stocks across distinct carbon pools is essential for comprehending current patterns and predicting future changes.Alpine ecosystems,important for atmospheric CO_(2)regulation and highly vulnerable to climate change,are priority study areas.This research aims to estimate OC stocks in different pools(soil,organic horizons,and aboveground vegetation)and identify factors influencing these stocks in an alpine environment.We sampled 146 sites representing six forest types and two grassland types in the Gran Paradiso National Park(northern Italian Alps).Field samples of soils,organic horizons,and data on aboveground trees were collected to assess OC stocks,along with environmental variables.Our findings reveal nuanced variations in OC stocks across different ecosystem components.In grasslands,average soil OC was 5.57 kg m^(-2),while in forests it was 4.11 kg m^(-2).Organic horizons contained an average of 0.70 kg m^(-2),and aboveground vegetation in forests stored 6.61 kg m^(-2).Linear Mixed Models indicate that soil OC is influenced by habitat type,soil type,and elevation.OC in organic horizons is affected by aspect and forest habitat type,with composting further influenced by elevation.These results contribute to OC stock inventories for alpine ecosystems and enhance our understanding of how environmental factors influence carbon storage.Importantly,they underscore the need to consider soil type and other factors beyond land use when modeling OC stocks.This insight has implications for designing effective territorial strategies to address climate change,emphasizing the importance of a multifaceted approach to carbon stock assessment and management in alpine regions.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3702705 to XS).
文摘The cryosphere,encompassing glaciers,ice sheets,permafrost,and snow,plays a critical role in regulating climate and sustaining human wellbeing.However,climate change is driving widespread cryosphere degradation,intensifying geophysical and climaterelated hazards that pose escalating risks to the public health and safety.The resulting decline in both the quantity and quality of cryosphere services also has severe consequences,particularly for populations in polar regions,high-altitude mountains,and their downstream areas.Furthermore,teleconnected climate systems can even extend cryosphere change impacts beyond these regions.It has been seen that increasing cryosphere-related hazards,such as glacial lake outburst floods and extreme winter events,heighten public health risks.Disrupted meltwater supply and ecosystem shifts inflict water and food insecurity in arid and semiarid regions,exacerbating malnutrition and disease burdens.Additionally,thawing permafrost may release ancient pathogens and toxic substances,increasing the risks of infectious disease outbreaks and severe environmental contamination.Addressing these cascading risks requires urgent interdisciplinary research,public awareness,and investment in adaptive strategies to strengthen societal resilience amid a rapidly changing cryosphere and safeguard public wellbeing.
文摘Introduction:Biodiversity and biodiversity-based ecosystems services are intrinsically dependent on the climate.During the twentieth century,climate change has posed major threats to biodiversity in Africa,and impacts are expected to increase as climate change continues and perhaps even accelerates.Outcomes:Our review shows that the multiple components of climate change are projected to affect all levels of biodiversity,from genes over species to biome level.Loss of biodiversity as a result of climate change can alter the structures and functions of African ecological systems.As a result,the provision of biodiversity-based ecosystem services and the wellbeing of people that rely on these services are being modified.Of particular concerns are“tipping points”where the exceedance of ecosystem thresholds will possibly lead to irreversible shifts of the structure of ecosystems and their services.In recent years,climate prediction models have portended continued warming and more frequent extreme weather events across the region.Such weather-related disturbances such as El Niño will place a premium on biodiversity and biodiversity-based ecosystem services that people rely on.Conclusion:As biodiversity underlies all goods and services provided by ecosystems that are crucial for human survival and well-being,this paper synthesizes and discusses observed and anticipated impacts of climate change on biodiversity and biodiversity-based ecosystem service provision and livelihoods,and what strategies might be employed to decrease current and future risks on the well-being of human in Africa.
