The test was undertaken to reveal the antifungal activity of extracts from Clerodendrum bungei leaves against Pestalotia and Rhizoctonia solani, the results showed that optimal condition for best antifungal activity o...The test was undertaken to reveal the antifungal activity of extracts from Clerodendrum bungei leaves against Pestalotia and Rhizoctonia solani, the results showed that optimal condition for best antifungal activity of extracts against pestalotia and Rhizoctonia solani are as follows： material-liquid ratio of 1：6,75% ethanol as extracting solvent, reflux at 90℃ for 1.5 h. The substances with good dissolubility in ethanol and water solution such as organic acid, bioflavonoid and alkaloid are main antifungal bioactive substances in Clerodendrun bungei.展开更多
Two new iridoid glucosides, serratoside A and serratoside B, were isolated from the aerial parts of Clerodendrum serratum var. amplexifolium Moldenke. Their structures were elucidated by spectral and chemical methods.
A new phenylpropanoid glycoside, serratumoside A, was isolated from the aerial parts of Clerodendrum serratum var. amplexifolium Moldenke. Its structure was determined by spectral and chemical methods.
Two new iridoid glucosides, named 7 beta -coumaroyloxyugandoside (1) and 7 beta - cinnamoyloxyugandoside (2) were isolated from the leaves of Clerodendrum serratum, and their structures were elucidated by spectral means.
In order to reveal the photosynthetic characteristics of C. trichotomum responses to drought, salt and water-logging stresses, one-year-old potted seedlings were taken as materials, and the several stresses including ...In order to reveal the photosynthetic characteristics of C. trichotomum responses to drought, salt and water-logging stresses, one-year-old potted seedlings were taken as materials, and the several stresses including natural drought, submergence stress, water-logging and different salt treatments （0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% NaCl） were carried out on August 15, 2012. The morphological and photosynthetic characteristics were observed and determined. The results showed that adverse enviromental stress had a significant effect on the morphological changes and photosynthetic characteristics of C. trichotomum. On the 14th day after natural drought, the leaves wilted and could not recovery at night, and 60% of the seedlings could recover after re-watering. From the 7th day to the 10th day after submergence stress treatment, the 2nd and the 3rd leaves at the base of 60% seedling turned yellow and the lenticels were observed. At the early stage of water-logging stress, white lenticels appeared at the base of seedlings, and the leaves wilted, chlorina and fallen off on the 8th day. A large number of leaves fallen off under 0.6% NaCl or more salt stress, and even the whole plant died. The chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate （Pn） and transpiration rate （Tr） decreased gradually with the stress process, such as 8 days after natural drought, less than 0.4% salt stress and water-logging stress, but the changes were not significant compared with those of the control. With the increase of the stress intensity and the prolonged time, the changes of photosynthetic index were significant. All the results indicated that C. trichotomum had a certain degree of tolerance to drought, water and salt, but it was not suitable for living, in water-logging condition for a long time.展开更多
Objective： The roots of two Thai medicinal plants, Clerodendrum indicum and Clerodendrum villosum are found in traditional medicine practices. The aim of this research was to preliminarily study the cytotox- icity of...Objective： The roots of two Thai medicinal plants, Clerodendrum indicum and Clerodendrum villosum are found in traditional medicine practices. The aim of this research was to preliminarily study the cytotox- icity of extracts of their roots, and the parts that possessed cytotoxic activity were separated on a chro- matograph to identify their active compounds. Methods： The extracts of both plants were screened for cytotoxicity on the SW620 cell line and the com- pounds isolated from the active extracts were further evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines, including SW620, ChaGo-K-1, HepG2, I（ATO-III and BT-474 using the 3-（4,5-dime thyl-2-thiazolyl）-2,5-diphenyll2-H-tetrazolium bromide （MTI＇） assay. Results： Dichloromethane extracts of C indicum and C. villosum were active against the SW620 cell line. Triterpenoids were mostly obtained from the extracts of these plants （0.28% and 1.02%, respectively） and exhibited varying degrees of cytotoxicity and specificity against the tested cell lines. Two triterpenoids, oleanolic acid 3-acetate and betulinic acid, displayed moderate to strong cytotoxicity toward all cancer cell lines, with 50% inhibitory concentration （ICso） values of 1.66-20.49 mmol/L, whereas 3β-hydroxy- D：Blfriedo-olean-5-ene and taraxerol were cytotoxic to only the SW620 cell line （ICso= 23.39 and 2.09 mmol/L, respectively）. Triterpenoid, lupeol, showed potent cytotoxicity on both SW620 （ICso= 1.99 mmol/L） and KATO-III cell lines （IC50 = 1.95 μmol/L）, while a fiavonoid, pectolinarigenin, displayed moderate cytotoxicity against these cells （IC50= 13.05 and 24.31 μmol/L, respectively）. Although the widely distributed steroid, stigmasterol, was effective against the SW620 cell line （1Cso = 2.79 μmol/L） and β-sitosterol was also active against SW620 （IC50 = 11.26 μmol/L）, BT-474 （IC50 = 14.11 μmol/L） and HepG2 cancer cells （IC50=20.47μmol/L）, none of the characteristic 24β-ethylsteroids of either Clerodendrum species were shown to be cytotoxic. Conclusion： This study is the first report on the presence of cytotoxic triterpenoids from the roots of these medicinal plants, which have been used in herbal formulas as an antipyretic. Our findings support further in-depth study of this pharmacological activity as an anticancer agent.展开更多
[Objectives]To optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids of Zhuang medicine Clerodendrum japonicum(Thumb.)Sweet and establish a method for its extraction and content determination.[Methods]The total flavonoi...[Objectives]To optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids of Zhuang medicine Clerodendrum japonicum(Thumb.)Sweet and establish a method for its extraction and content determination.[Methods]The total flavonoids of C.japonicum were extracted by reflux extraction method.Through a single factor experiment,the effects of extraction method,extraction solvent concentration,extraction volume and extraction time on the total flavonoids content of medicinal materials were investigated to select the optimal extraction process of the total flavonoids of C.japonicum.[Results]The optimal extraction process of the total flavonoids of C.japonicum was 75%ethanol,1∶20 solid-to-liquid ratio,and 50 min reflux extraction time.[Conclusions]This method can effectively determine the content of total flavonoids in C.japonicum and provide a certain scientific basis for the study of the quality standard of this Zhuang medicine.This method has high reproducibility.It is stable and feasible in extraction of total flavonoids from Zhuang medicine C.japonicum.展开更多
Objective To identify the compounds withα-glucosidase inhibitory activity from Clerodendrum bungei Steud(Chou Mu Dan,臭牡丹)using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS.Methods The ethanol extracts of Clerodendrum bungei Steud(Chou Mu ...Objective To identify the compounds withα-glucosidase inhibitory activity from Clerodendrum bungei Steud(Chou Mu Dan,臭牡丹)using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS.Methods The ethanol extracts of Clerodendrum bungei Steud(Chou Mu Dan,臭牡丹)were partitioned with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,and water.The assay forα-glucosidase inhibitory activity revealed strongα-glucosidase inhibitory activity in the ethyl acetate fraction,and the bioactive compounds present in this fraction were identified by the HPLCESI-QTOF-MS/MS method.Results A total of 29 compounds were determined,among the identified bioactive components;these included 12 phenylethanoid glycosides(compounds 5,6,17,20-22,24),7 flavonoids(compounds 10,19,23,25-28),5 phenolic acids(compounds 2-4,7,9),and 5 other compounds.Compounds 2-4,7,9-10,12-13,15,19,and 26,with a potentialα-glucosidase inhibitory activity,have been reported previously.Conclusions Our results show that the methodology used in this study is feasible,credible,and rapid in identifying known compounds and also for characterizing new natural glucosidase inhibitory candidates from Clerodendrum bungei Steud(Chou Mu Dan,臭牡丹).展开更多
From the aerial parts of Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp., two new C_29 sterols colebrin A and colebrin B, were isolated, along with a known compound, clerosterol. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated ...From the aerial parts of Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp., two new C_29 sterols colebrin A and colebrin B, were isolated, along with a known compound, clerosterol. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence.展开更多
Two new diterpenoid glucosides, cleroserroside A and cleroserroside B, were isolatedfrom the aerial pans of Clerodendrum serratum var. amplexghlium Moldenke. Their structureswere characterized by spectral and chemical...Two new diterpenoid glucosides, cleroserroside A and cleroserroside B, were isolatedfrom the aerial pans of Clerodendrum serratum var. amplexghlium Moldenke. Their structureswere characterized by spectral and chemical methods.展开更多
[Objectives]To determine the optimal preparation technology of Clerodendrum bungei Steud.extract gel by orthogonal test and gel quality test method in General Rule 0114 of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Volume IV,2020 Edition)...[Objectives]To determine the optimal preparation technology of Clerodendrum bungei Steud.extract gel by orthogonal test and gel quality test method in General Rule 0114 of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Volume IV,2020 Edition),and to study its anorectal pharmacodynamics and drug release in vitro.[Methods]Carbomer 940,propylene glycol and absolute ethyl alcohol were selected as the main factors,and the preparation technology of C.bungei Steud.extract gel was optimized by orthogonal test.The mouse model of ulcerative hemorrhoids was established with glacial acetic acid(HAC)and compared with Ma Yinglong musk hemorrhoids ointment.The recovery of trauma was compared between the two groups.At the same time,porcine small intestine was used as semi-permeable membrane to make diffusion cell to simulate anal environment,and the drug release in vitro was studied.[Results]The C.bungei Steud.extract gel was smooth in appearance and good in stability.It could effectively treat anal ulcer in mice and release quickly in vitro.[Conclusions]The formula is reasonable,and the effect of animal experiment is remarkable,which can provide a new treatment plan for ulcerative hemorrhoids.展开更多
[Objectives]To study the effect of Zhuang medicine Clerodendrum japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet on acute tonsillitis.[Methods]The antibacterial,antipyretic,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the extract of Zhuang medic...[Objectives]To study the effect of Zhuang medicine Clerodendrum japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet on acute tonsillitis.[Methods]The antibacterial,antipyretic,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the extract of Zhuang medicine C.japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet were observed.[Results]Zhuang medicine C.japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet showed a good inhibitory effect onα-hemolytic streptococcus,β-hemolytic streptococcs,Staphylococcus citreus,Staphylococcus epidermidis,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Proteus and Escherichia coli;it showed a good inhibitory effect on the infection of Staphylococcus aureus andβ-hemolytic streptococcs in vivo;it could significantly reduce the elevated body temperature of rabbits injected with the triple vaccine and significantly increase the pain threshold of thermally stimulated mice.[Conclusions]Zhuang Medicine C.japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet has positive significance in the treatment of acute tonsillitis instead of antibiotics.展开更多
[Objectives]To make a preliminary study on the chemical constituents of Clerodendrum japonicum,a Zhuang medicine,so as to provide theoretical support and scientific basis for exploring its medicinal value and comprehe...[Objectives]To make a preliminary study on the chemical constituents of Clerodendrum japonicum,a Zhuang medicine,so as to provide theoretical support and scientific basis for exploring its medicinal value and comprehensive development and utilization.[Methods]The compounds were separated by macroporous adsorption resin,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,ODS chromatographic column and preparative high performance liquid chromatography,and their structures were identified by NMR and MS data.[Results]8 compounds were isolated and identified from Clerodendrum japonicum extract with 80%ethanol solution:(1)fumaric acid,(2)trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid,(3)cis-p-hydroxycinnamic acid,(4)ethyl caffeate,(5)acteoside,(6)kaempferol,(7)apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,(8)caffeic acid.[Conclusions]8 compounds were isolated and purified from the ethanol extract of Clerodendrum japonicum.展开更多
The pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathic pain is due to primarily metabolic and vascular factors. There is an increase in sorbitol and fructose, glycated end products, reactive oxygen species and activation of prot...The pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathic pain is due to primarily metabolic and vascular factors. There is an increase in sorbitol and fructose, glycated end products, reactive oxygen species and activation of protein kinase C in the diabetic state. All these factors lead to direct damage to the nerves. Taking effective clinical management of neuropathic pain is based on a pharmacological treatment that has shown their limits and many side effects. The hypothesis of central sensitization inhibited by Clerodendrum formicarum, an African pharmacopoeia plant used to treat headaches, arthritis, epilepsy and chronic pain could act on astrocytes and microglial cells. The objective of this work is to study the effect of Clerodendrum formicarum (100, 150 and 200 mg/kg body weight) on astrocytes and microglial cells in a model of diabetic neuropathic pain induced by alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). We noted a suppression of mechanical allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia respectively by the Von Frey filaments test and the pressure test on the paw by the Clerodendrum formicarumextracts (ECF) at different doses from 2 h at the first injection of the ECF. After 5 days of treatment, we expressed by Western Blot bands of different proteins and by quantitative RT-PCR, we determined inhibition of the expression of GFAP, CD11b and isoforms 1 and 2 of cyclooxygenase. These results suggest that ECF inhibits the activation of astrocytes, microglial cells and cyclooxygenase signaling pathway.展开更多
Objective:Clerodendrum glandulosum is widely used in traditional Chinese and Indian systems of medicine for conditions like hypertension and diabetes.While various pharmacological benefits have been reported,research ...Objective:Clerodendrum glandulosum is widely used in traditional Chinese and Indian systems of medicine for conditions like hypertension and diabetes.While various pharmacological benefits have been reported,research on its anti-atherosclerotic properties remains limited.Atherosclerosis(AS)is a chronic cardiovascular disease linked to dyslipidemia(DLD)and inflammation.This study aims to identify the bioactive fraction from C.glandulosum extract,evaluate its potential against AS and DLD,and explore the molecular mechanisms of cholesterol metabolism.Methods:Bioactivity-guided fractionation was employed to investigate the bioactivity of C.glandulosum by screening biochemical enzyme inhibitory potential.The active fraction was subjected to in vitro testing to assess the anti-inflammatory and anti-adhesion properties.The fraction was administered at 50and 100 mg/kg per os(p.o.)to cholesterol-cholic acid-thiouracil(CCT)diet-induced atherosclerotic Wistar rats.Changes in lipid and antioxidant profiles,inflammatory markers,and cholesterol metabolism pathways were assessed using Western blotting.Histopathological analyses of the aorta,liver,heart,and kidneys were also conducted.Molecular docking was conducted for the verbascoside(VER)and the standard statin,atorvastatin(ATS),for their binding capabilities with the molecular targets considered in this study.Results:Bioactivity-guided fractionation and screening revealed that ethyl acetate fraction(EAF)contained VER as the principal phytoconstituent.EAF exhibited potent enzyme inhibitory activity,with IC_(50)values of 1.059 mg/mL for pancreatic lipase and 22.48μg/mL for a-glucosidase.In vitro analysis revealed that EAF significantly lowered cell-to-cell adhesion to 0.57 folds from 2.5 folds in the disease control and normalized the inflammatory cytokines.In CCT-diet-induced rats,elevated serum cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins(LDL)levels(92.1 mg/dL and 78.49 mg/dL,respectively)were reduced to 63.52 mg/dL and 58.51 mg/dL with EAF at 100 mg/kg.EAF at 100 mg/kg reduced oxidized LDL to53.63 ng/mL compared to 157.1 ng/mL in CCT-diet-fed rats.EAF also restored antioxidant activity by increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase levels to 73.78 and 17.72 U/mg protein,respectively,compared to 42.22 and 9.62 U/mg protein in CCT-diet-fed rats.EAF restored inflammatory cytokines to normal levels.Histological analyses validated the protective benefits of EAF supplementation for the structural integrity of the aorta,liver,heart,and kidney tissues.Western blotting analysis of liver tissues revealed changes in the cholesterol metabolic pathway by upregulating peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma(PPARγ)/liver X receptor alpha(LXRa)/adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette sub-family G member 1(ABCG1)and low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDL-R)expression.Unlike ATS,molecular docking analyses indicated strong interactions between VER and molecular targets.Conclusion:EAF prevented DLD and AS by reverse cholesterol transport via the PPARγ/LXRa/ABCG1 pathway,offering potential therapeutic benefits for cardiovascular health.展开更多
Main observation and conclusion As part of our continuing efforts toward the discovery of the biologically active diterpenoids from medicinal plants,six new C-ring aromatized abietane diterpenoids,clerodenoids A-F(1-6...Main observation and conclusion As part of our continuing efforts toward the discovery of the biologically active diterpenoids from medicinal plants,six new C-ring aromatized abietane diterpenoids,clerodenoids A-F(1-6),were isolated from Clerodendrum chinense.展开更多
Objective:Recently,much attention has been paid to natural product-derived compounds for antidiabetic drug discovery.More recent studies are being focused on clarifying the bioactivity of plants and derived products.T...Objective:Recently,much attention has been paid to natural product-derived compounds for antidiabetic drug discovery.More recent studies are being focused on clarifying the bioactivity of plants and derived products.The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-oxidant and antidiabetic activities of Clerodendrum inerme leaf extract(CILE)in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.Methods:C.inerme leaves were analyzed for preliminary phytochemical properties and the content of total phenolic and flavonoid were determined.In vitro anti-oxidant activity was measured using DPPH assay.Streptozotocin-induced diabetic model in mice was applied for in vivo study by the effect of CILE at two dose levels(343 and 686 mg/kg b.w.).Results:The results showed that C.inerme leaves contained the major constituents of flavonoids,alkaloids,tannins,triterpenes,and saponins.CILE exhibited the total polyphenol and flavonoid content with 120.458 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight and 4.494 mg hispidulin equivalent/g dry weight,respectively.The anti-oxidant activity of CILE was expressed with IC50=25.28μg/m L.CILE at the doses of343 mg/kg and 686 mg/kg after 7 d administration exerted a decrease in plasma glucose,protected the liver,kidneys against oxidation stress via increasing glutathione content in the liver,and reduced malondialdehyde content in the liver and kidneys.Pancreatic histological analysis in diabetic mice treated with CILE also showed the pancreaticβ-cells regeneration via increasing the size and number of pancreatic islets.Conclusion:These findings suggested that C.inerme leaves had potent antidiabetic and anti-oxidant activities.The results provide reliable scientific base,which is the premise for further research and development of CILE as supplements.展开更多
Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the total flavonoids of Clerodendrum bungei(TFCB) on the proliferation,invasion, and metastasis of A549 lung cancer cells through the Wnt signaling ...Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the total flavonoids of Clerodendrum bungei(TFCB) on the proliferation,invasion, and metastasis of A549 lung cancer cells through the Wnt signaling pathway. Materials and Methods: A549 cells were transfected with a β-catenin overexpression plasmid and the empty vector pcDNA3.1. The A549 cells were divided into six groups: normal A549 cell group, normal A549 cells with TFCB group, vector control group, vector with TFCB group,(3-catenin overexpression group, and β-catenin with TFCB group. We used the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay to detect cell proliferation, a scratch test was used to observe cell migration, and a transwell experiment was employed to evaluate cell invasion. Proteins related to the Wnt pathway were detected with Western blot analysis, including β-catenin, GSK-3 β, P-GSK-3 β, c-Myc, and CyclinD1. Results: The proliferation, invasion,and metastasis of A549 cells were significantly enhanced after being transfected with the β-catenin overexpression plasmid(P< 0.05 or 0.01),accompanied by increased expression of β-catenin, C-Myc, CyclinD1 and reduced expression of Gsk-3 β and P-GSK-3 β. Treatment of cells with TFCB resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; downregulated expression of β-catenin, C-Myc, and CyclinD1;and upregulated expression of GSK-3 β and P-GSK-3 β,especially in the β-catenin overexpression group. Conclusion: TFCB has the potential to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by prohibiting the overexpression of β-catenin and regulating its downstream factors.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the amino acid profile and quality indices of Clerodendrum volubile(C.volubile)leaves.Methods:Dried leaves of C.volubile were blended,defatted and subjected to amino acid analysis using the techn...Objective:To evaluate the amino acid profile and quality indices of Clerodendrum volubile(C.volubile)leaves.Methods:Dried leaves of C.volubile were blended,defatted and subjected to amino acid analysis using the technicon sequential multi-sample amino acid analyzer.The amino acid quality indices which covers for chemical score,essential amino acid index,nutritional index,true digestibility,protein digestibility corrected amino acid score,and digestible indispensable amino acid score were evaluated using standard formulas.Results:Amino acid analysis revealed glutamic acid to have the highest concentration,with cysteine having the least.Aspartic acid had the highest chemical score,this was followed by glycine,histidine and arginine,respectively.The least scores were observed in serine and methionine.Glutamic acid had the highest value for true digestibility and protein digestibility corrected amino acid score,with the least observed in cysteine.Digestible indispensable amino acid score evaluation showed histidine to have the highest value for infants(birth to 6 months),threonine for children(6 months to 3 years),while isoleucine was observed to have the highest value for older children,adolescents and adults.The essential amino acid index value was less than 4,while nutritional index value was less than 0.5.Conclusions:These results indicated the leaves of C.volubile as a potential source of amino acids in the human diet as portrayed by its amino acids profile and qualities.展开更多
基金Supported by Doctor Startup Foundation of Yibin College(2005B02)~~
文摘The test was undertaken to reveal the antifungal activity of extracts from Clerodendrum bungei leaves against Pestalotia and Rhizoctonia solani, the results showed that optimal condition for best antifungal activity of extracts against pestalotia and Rhizoctonia solani are as follows： material-liquid ratio of 1：6,75% ethanol as extracting solvent, reflux at 90℃ for 1.5 h. The substances with good dissolubility in ethanol and water solution such as organic acid, bioflavonoid and alkaloid are main antifungal bioactive substances in Clerodendrun bungei.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China ! 29772039
文摘Two new iridoid glucosides, serratoside A and serratoside B, were isolated from the aerial parts of Clerodendrum serratum var. amplexifolium Moldenke. Their structures were elucidated by spectral and chemical methods.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China! (Grant No. 29772039)
文摘A new phenylpropanoid glycoside, serratumoside A, was isolated from the aerial parts of Clerodendrum serratum var. amplexifolium Moldenke. Its structure was determined by spectral and chemical methods.
文摘Two new iridoid glucosides, named 7 beta -coumaroyloxyugandoside (1) and 7 beta - cinnamoyloxyugandoside (2) were isolated from the leaves of Clerodendrum serratum, and their structures were elucidated by spectral means.
基金Supported by the Major Scientific Research Projects of the 12th Five-year National Public welfare Industry(201104002-6)
文摘In order to reveal the photosynthetic characteristics of C. trichotomum responses to drought, salt and water-logging stresses, one-year-old potted seedlings were taken as materials, and the several stresses including natural drought, submergence stress, water-logging and different salt treatments （0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% NaCl） were carried out on August 15, 2012. The morphological and photosynthetic characteristics were observed and determined. The results showed that adverse enviromental stress had a significant effect on the morphological changes and photosynthetic characteristics of C. trichotomum. On the 14th day after natural drought, the leaves wilted and could not recovery at night, and 60% of the seedlings could recover after re-watering. From the 7th day to the 10th day after submergence stress treatment, the 2nd and the 3rd leaves at the base of 60% seedling turned yellow and the lenticels were observed. At the early stage of water-logging stress, white lenticels appeared at the base of seedlings, and the leaves wilted, chlorina and fallen off on the 8th day. A large number of leaves fallen off under 0.6% NaCl or more salt stress, and even the whole plant died. The chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate （Pn） and transpiration rate （Tr） decreased gradually with the stress process, such as 8 days after natural drought, less than 0.4% salt stress and water-logging stress, but the changes were not significant compared with those of the control. With the increase of the stress intensity and the prolonged time, the changes of photosynthetic index were significant. All the results indicated that C. trichotomum had a certain degree of tolerance to drought, water and salt, but it was not suitable for living, in water-logging condition for a long time.
基金supported by a grant from Research Institute of Rangsit University (No. 40/2556)
文摘Objective： The roots of two Thai medicinal plants, Clerodendrum indicum and Clerodendrum villosum are found in traditional medicine practices. The aim of this research was to preliminarily study the cytotox- icity of extracts of their roots, and the parts that possessed cytotoxic activity were separated on a chro- matograph to identify their active compounds. Methods： The extracts of both plants were screened for cytotoxicity on the SW620 cell line and the com- pounds isolated from the active extracts were further evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines, including SW620, ChaGo-K-1, HepG2, I（ATO-III and BT-474 using the 3-（4,5-dime thyl-2-thiazolyl）-2,5-diphenyll2-H-tetrazolium bromide （MTI＇） assay. Results： Dichloromethane extracts of C indicum and C. villosum were active against the SW620 cell line. Triterpenoids were mostly obtained from the extracts of these plants （0.28% and 1.02%, respectively） and exhibited varying degrees of cytotoxicity and specificity against the tested cell lines. Two triterpenoids, oleanolic acid 3-acetate and betulinic acid, displayed moderate to strong cytotoxicity toward all cancer cell lines, with 50% inhibitory concentration （ICso） values of 1.66-20.49 mmol/L, whereas 3β-hydroxy- D：Blfriedo-olean-5-ene and taraxerol were cytotoxic to only the SW620 cell line （ICso= 23.39 and 2.09 mmol/L, respectively）. Triterpenoid, lupeol, showed potent cytotoxicity on both SW620 （ICso= 1.99 mmol/L） and KATO-III cell lines （IC50 = 1.95 μmol/L）, while a fiavonoid, pectolinarigenin, displayed moderate cytotoxicity against these cells （IC50= 13.05 and 24.31 μmol/L, respectively）. Although the widely distributed steroid, stigmasterol, was effective against the SW620 cell line （1Cso = 2.79 μmol/L） and β-sitosterol was also active against SW620 （IC50 = 11.26 μmol/L）, BT-474 （IC50 = 14.11 μmol/L） and HepG2 cancer cells （IC50=20.47μmol/L）, none of the characteristic 24β-ethylsteroids of either Clerodendrum species were shown to be cytotoxic. Conclusion： This study is the first report on the presence of cytotoxic triterpenoids from the roots of these medicinal plants, which have been used in herbal formulas as an antipyretic. Our findings support further in-depth study of this pharmacological activity as an anticancer agent.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81660659)Natural Science Foundation Project of Guangxi(2019GXNSF AA245090&2018GXNSFAA050141)+2 种基金Open Research Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine(KJT1701205)Systematic Research Program of Chinese Medicine(Zhuang Medicine),a Key Discipline with Advantages and Characteristics in Guangxi:Research on the Production Process and Quality Control Method of Heyin CapsuleProgram of Scientific Research Third-level Laboratory"Chinese(Zhuang)Medicine Chemical and Quality Analysis Laboratory"of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Guo Zhong Yi Yao Fa 2009[21])。
文摘[Objectives]To optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids of Zhuang medicine Clerodendrum japonicum(Thumb.)Sweet and establish a method for its extraction and content determination.[Methods]The total flavonoids of C.japonicum were extracted by reflux extraction method.Through a single factor experiment,the effects of extraction method,extraction solvent concentration,extraction volume and extraction time on the total flavonoids content of medicinal materials were investigated to select the optimal extraction process of the total flavonoids of C.japonicum.[Results]The optimal extraction process of the total flavonoids of C.japonicum was 75%ethanol,1∶20 solid-to-liquid ratio,and 50 min reflux extraction time.[Conclusions]This method can effectively determine the content of total flavonoids in C.japonicum and provide a certain scientific basis for the study of the quality standard of this Zhuang medicine.This method has high reproducibility.It is stable and feasible in extraction of total flavonoids from Zhuang medicine C.japonicum.
基金the funding support from the China National Natural Science Foundation Funding Project(NO.81503452)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.14JJ4066)
文摘Objective To identify the compounds withα-glucosidase inhibitory activity from Clerodendrum bungei Steud(Chou Mu Dan,臭牡丹)using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS.Methods The ethanol extracts of Clerodendrum bungei Steud(Chou Mu Dan,臭牡丹)were partitioned with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,and water.The assay forα-glucosidase inhibitory activity revealed strongα-glucosidase inhibitory activity in the ethyl acetate fraction,and the bioactive compounds present in this fraction were identified by the HPLCESI-QTOF-MS/MS method.Results A total of 29 compounds were determined,among the identified bioactive components;these included 12 phenylethanoid glycosides(compounds 5,6,17,20-22,24),7 flavonoids(compounds 10,19,23,25-28),5 phenolic acids(compounds 2-4,7,9),and 5 other compounds.Compounds 2-4,7,9-10,12-13,15,19,and 26,with a potentialα-glucosidase inhibitory activity,have been reported previously.Conclusions Our results show that the methodology used in this study is feasible,credible,and rapid in identifying known compounds and also for characterizing new natural glucosidase inhibitory candidates from Clerodendrum bungei Steud(Chou Mu Dan,臭牡丹).
文摘From the aerial parts of Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp., two new C_29 sterols colebrin A and colebrin B, were isolated, along with a known compound, clerosterol. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence.
文摘Two new diterpenoid glucosides, cleroserroside A and cleroserroside B, were isolatedfrom the aerial pans of Clerodendrum serratum var. amplexghlium Moldenke. Their structureswere characterized by spectral and chemical methods.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671954)。
文摘[Objectives]To determine the optimal preparation technology of Clerodendrum bungei Steud.extract gel by orthogonal test and gel quality test method in General Rule 0114 of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Volume IV,2020 Edition),and to study its anorectal pharmacodynamics and drug release in vitro.[Methods]Carbomer 940,propylene glycol and absolute ethyl alcohol were selected as the main factors,and the preparation technology of C.bungei Steud.extract gel was optimized by orthogonal test.The mouse model of ulcerative hemorrhoids was established with glacial acetic acid(HAC)and compared with Ma Yinglong musk hemorrhoids ointment.The recovery of trauma was compared between the two groups.At the same time,porcine small intestine was used as semi-permeable membrane to make diffusion cell to simulate anal environment,and the drug release in vitro was studied.[Results]The C.bungei Steud.extract gel was smooth in appearance and good in stability.It could effectively treat anal ulcer in mice and release quickly in vitro.[Conclusions]The formula is reasonable,and the effect of animal experiment is remarkable,which can provide a new treatment plan for ulcerative hemorrhoids.
基金Supported by Key R&D Projects of Guangxi Science and Technology Department(Guike AB21196057)Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Multidisciplinary Innovation Team Project(GZKJ2309)+4 种基金Qingmiao Talent Cultivation Project of Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital(2022001)Zhuang Pharmacy,a Key Discipline of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Ethnic Pharmacy)in the"12^(th)Five-year"Plan of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineFunding Project of High-level Talent Cultivation and Innovation Team of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2022A008)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2019GXNSFAA245090)Liangqing District Science and Technology Plan Project in 2022(202202)。
文摘[Objectives]To study the effect of Zhuang medicine Clerodendrum japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet on acute tonsillitis.[Methods]The antibacterial,antipyretic,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the extract of Zhuang medicine C.japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet were observed.[Results]Zhuang medicine C.japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet showed a good inhibitory effect onα-hemolytic streptococcus,β-hemolytic streptococcs,Staphylococcus citreus,Staphylococcus epidermidis,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Proteus and Escherichia coli;it showed a good inhibitory effect on the infection of Staphylococcus aureus andβ-hemolytic streptococcs in vivo;it could significantly reduce the elevated body temperature of rabbits injected with the triple vaccine and significantly increase the pain threshold of thermally stimulated mice.[Conclusions]Zhuang Medicine C.japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet has positive significance in the treatment of acute tonsillitis instead of antibiotics.
基金Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2019GXNSFAA245090,2018GXNSFAA050141)the Project of Improving the Scientific Research Basic Ability of Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Guangxi Colleges and Universities in 2020(2020KY13034)+1 种基金Opening Project of Guangxi Zhuang and Yao Medicine Key Laboratory(GXZYKF2020A-08)the First Batch of High-level Talent Research Project of the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities in 2019(Y20196311).
文摘[Objectives]To make a preliminary study on the chemical constituents of Clerodendrum japonicum,a Zhuang medicine,so as to provide theoretical support and scientific basis for exploring its medicinal value and comprehensive development and utilization.[Methods]The compounds were separated by macroporous adsorption resin,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,ODS chromatographic column and preparative high performance liquid chromatography,and their structures were identified by NMR and MS data.[Results]8 compounds were isolated and identified from Clerodendrum japonicum extract with 80%ethanol solution:(1)fumaric acid,(2)trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid,(3)cis-p-hydroxycinnamic acid,(4)ethyl caffeate,(5)acteoside,(6)kaempferol,(7)apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,(8)caffeic acid.[Conclusions]8 compounds were isolated and purified from the ethanol extract of Clerodendrum japonicum.
文摘The pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathic pain is due to primarily metabolic and vascular factors. There is an increase in sorbitol and fructose, glycated end products, reactive oxygen species and activation of protein kinase C in the diabetic state. All these factors lead to direct damage to the nerves. Taking effective clinical management of neuropathic pain is based on a pharmacological treatment that has shown their limits and many side effects. The hypothesis of central sensitization inhibited by Clerodendrum formicarum, an African pharmacopoeia plant used to treat headaches, arthritis, epilepsy and chronic pain could act on astrocytes and microglial cells. The objective of this work is to study the effect of Clerodendrum formicarum (100, 150 and 200 mg/kg body weight) on astrocytes and microglial cells in a model of diabetic neuropathic pain induced by alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). We noted a suppression of mechanical allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia respectively by the Von Frey filaments test and the pressure test on the paw by the Clerodendrum formicarumextracts (ECF) at different doses from 2 h at the first injection of the ECF. After 5 days of treatment, we expressed by Western Blot bands of different proteins and by quantitative RT-PCR, we determined inhibition of the expression of GFAP, CD11b and isoforms 1 and 2 of cyclooxygenase. These results suggest that ECF inhibits the activation of astrocytes, microglial cells and cyclooxygenase signaling pathway.
基金supported by the In-house core-funded research project(No.IASST/R&D/ICP/IHP-19/2023-24/1301-1310)of the Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technologythe Indian Council of Medical Research for the ICMR-SRF Fellowship granted to Ms.Puspanjali Khound(No.45/04/2022/TRM/BMS)+2 种基金Sophisticated Analytical Instrument CentreInstitute of Advanced Study in Science and Technologythe Department of Science and Technology,Government of India。
文摘Objective:Clerodendrum glandulosum is widely used in traditional Chinese and Indian systems of medicine for conditions like hypertension and diabetes.While various pharmacological benefits have been reported,research on its anti-atherosclerotic properties remains limited.Atherosclerosis(AS)is a chronic cardiovascular disease linked to dyslipidemia(DLD)and inflammation.This study aims to identify the bioactive fraction from C.glandulosum extract,evaluate its potential against AS and DLD,and explore the molecular mechanisms of cholesterol metabolism.Methods:Bioactivity-guided fractionation was employed to investigate the bioactivity of C.glandulosum by screening biochemical enzyme inhibitory potential.The active fraction was subjected to in vitro testing to assess the anti-inflammatory and anti-adhesion properties.The fraction was administered at 50and 100 mg/kg per os(p.o.)to cholesterol-cholic acid-thiouracil(CCT)diet-induced atherosclerotic Wistar rats.Changes in lipid and antioxidant profiles,inflammatory markers,and cholesterol metabolism pathways were assessed using Western blotting.Histopathological analyses of the aorta,liver,heart,and kidneys were also conducted.Molecular docking was conducted for the verbascoside(VER)and the standard statin,atorvastatin(ATS),for their binding capabilities with the molecular targets considered in this study.Results:Bioactivity-guided fractionation and screening revealed that ethyl acetate fraction(EAF)contained VER as the principal phytoconstituent.EAF exhibited potent enzyme inhibitory activity,with IC_(50)values of 1.059 mg/mL for pancreatic lipase and 22.48μg/mL for a-glucosidase.In vitro analysis revealed that EAF significantly lowered cell-to-cell adhesion to 0.57 folds from 2.5 folds in the disease control and normalized the inflammatory cytokines.In CCT-diet-induced rats,elevated serum cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins(LDL)levels(92.1 mg/dL and 78.49 mg/dL,respectively)were reduced to 63.52 mg/dL and 58.51 mg/dL with EAF at 100 mg/kg.EAF at 100 mg/kg reduced oxidized LDL to53.63 ng/mL compared to 157.1 ng/mL in CCT-diet-fed rats.EAF also restored antioxidant activity by increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase levels to 73.78 and 17.72 U/mg protein,respectively,compared to 42.22 and 9.62 U/mg protein in CCT-diet-fed rats.EAF restored inflammatory cytokines to normal levels.Histological analyses validated the protective benefits of EAF supplementation for the structural integrity of the aorta,liver,heart,and kidney tissues.Western blotting analysis of liver tissues revealed changes in the cholesterol metabolic pathway by upregulating peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma(PPARγ)/liver X receptor alpha(LXRa)/adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette sub-family G member 1(ABCG1)and low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDL-R)expression.Unlike ATS,molecular docking analyses indicated strong interactions between VER and molecular targets.Conclusion:EAF prevented DLD and AS by reverse cholesterol transport via the PPARγ/LXRa/ABCG1 pathway,offering potential therapeutic benefits for cardiovascular health.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81872758 and 21772213)the Shanghai Rising-Star program Foundation(SCST,Nos.19QA1410800)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Main observation and conclusion As part of our continuing efforts toward the discovery of the biologically active diterpenoids from medicinal plants,six new C-ring aromatized abietane diterpenoids,clerodenoids A-F(1-6),were isolated from Clerodendrum chinense.
基金supported by Center for Science and Technology Development for Youth in Ho Chi Minh City(26/2017/HD-KHCN-VU)supported in part by Kien Giang Department of Science and Technology(28/HD-SKHCN).
文摘Objective:Recently,much attention has been paid to natural product-derived compounds for antidiabetic drug discovery.More recent studies are being focused on clarifying the bioactivity of plants and derived products.The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-oxidant and antidiabetic activities of Clerodendrum inerme leaf extract(CILE)in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.Methods:C.inerme leaves were analyzed for preliminary phytochemical properties and the content of total phenolic and flavonoid were determined.In vitro anti-oxidant activity was measured using DPPH assay.Streptozotocin-induced diabetic model in mice was applied for in vivo study by the effect of CILE at two dose levels(343 and 686 mg/kg b.w.).Results:The results showed that C.inerme leaves contained the major constituents of flavonoids,alkaloids,tannins,triterpenes,and saponins.CILE exhibited the total polyphenol and flavonoid content with 120.458 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight and 4.494 mg hispidulin equivalent/g dry weight,respectively.The anti-oxidant activity of CILE was expressed with IC50=25.28μg/m L.CILE at the doses of343 mg/kg and 686 mg/kg after 7 d administration exerted a decrease in plasma glucose,protected the liver,kidneys against oxidation stress via increasing glutathione content in the liver,and reduced malondialdehyde content in the liver and kidneys.Pancreatic histological analysis in diabetic mice treated with CILE also showed the pancreaticβ-cells regeneration via increasing the size and number of pancreatic islets.Conclusion:These findings suggested that C.inerme leaves had potent antidiabetic and anti-oxidant activities.The results provide reliable scientific base,which is the premise for further research and development of CILE as supplements.
基金The National Science Foundation,China(81503452)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(14JJ4066)The Project Supported by Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(13C674)
文摘Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the total flavonoids of Clerodendrum bungei(TFCB) on the proliferation,invasion, and metastasis of A549 lung cancer cells through the Wnt signaling pathway. Materials and Methods: A549 cells were transfected with a β-catenin overexpression plasmid and the empty vector pcDNA3.1. The A549 cells were divided into six groups: normal A549 cell group, normal A549 cells with TFCB group, vector control group, vector with TFCB group,(3-catenin overexpression group, and β-catenin with TFCB group. We used the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay to detect cell proliferation, a scratch test was used to observe cell migration, and a transwell experiment was employed to evaluate cell invasion. Proteins related to the Wnt pathway were detected with Western blot analysis, including β-catenin, GSK-3 β, P-GSK-3 β, c-Myc, and CyclinD1. Results: The proliferation, invasion,and metastasis of A549 cells were significantly enhanced after being transfected with the β-catenin overexpression plasmid(P< 0.05 or 0.01),accompanied by increased expression of β-catenin, C-Myc, CyclinD1 and reduced expression of Gsk-3 β and P-GSK-3 β. Treatment of cells with TFCB resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; downregulated expression of β-catenin, C-Myc, and CyclinD1;and upregulated expression of GSK-3 β and P-GSK-3 β,especially in the β-catenin overexpression group. Conclusion: TFCB has the potential to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by prohibiting the overexpression of β-catenin and regulating its downstream factors.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the amino acid profile and quality indices of Clerodendrum volubile(C.volubile)leaves.Methods:Dried leaves of C.volubile were blended,defatted and subjected to amino acid analysis using the technicon sequential multi-sample amino acid analyzer.The amino acid quality indices which covers for chemical score,essential amino acid index,nutritional index,true digestibility,protein digestibility corrected amino acid score,and digestible indispensable amino acid score were evaluated using standard formulas.Results:Amino acid analysis revealed glutamic acid to have the highest concentration,with cysteine having the least.Aspartic acid had the highest chemical score,this was followed by glycine,histidine and arginine,respectively.The least scores were observed in serine and methionine.Glutamic acid had the highest value for true digestibility and protein digestibility corrected amino acid score,with the least observed in cysteine.Digestible indispensable amino acid score evaluation showed histidine to have the highest value for infants(birth to 6 months),threonine for children(6 months to 3 years),while isoleucine was observed to have the highest value for older children,adolescents and adults.The essential amino acid index value was less than 4,while nutritional index value was less than 0.5.Conclusions:These results indicated the leaves of C.volubile as a potential source of amino acids in the human diet as portrayed by its amino acids profile and qualities.
