A new method as a post-processing step is presented to improve the shape quality of triangular meshes, which uses a topological clean up procedure and discrete smoothing interpolate (DSI) algorithm together. T...A new method as a post-processing step is presented to improve the shape quality of triangular meshes, which uses a topological clean up procedure and discrete smoothing interpolate (DSI) algorithm together. This method can improve the angle distribution of mesh element. while keeping the resulting meshes conform to the predefined constraints which are inputted as a PSLG.展开更多
Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau and related departments have issued a regulation to strengthen the management of Twitter-like micro-blogs.The regulation,issued on December 16,2011,requires Internet companies ...Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau and related departments have issued a regulation to strengthen the management of Twitter-like micro-blogs.The regulation,issued on December 16,2011,requires Internet companies registered in the city and offering micro-blogging services to have their users register with their real names and personal information.Users＇ identity information must be validated before they begin blogging.Starting March 16,2012,microbloggers without real-name registration will not be allowed to blog.展开更多
The study assesses the spatial distribution and sources of mercury contamination in the Ankobra River Basin in southwestern Ghana and discusses possible remediation options and challenges. Eighty-two (82) samples of w...The study assesses the spatial distribution and sources of mercury contamination in the Ankobra River Basin in southwestern Ghana and discusses possible remediation options and challenges. Eighty-two (82) samples of water and streambed sediments from areas of active and historic artisanal mining and historic mine spoil from large-scale mining were analysed for their total mercury content using cold vapour Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (CV-AAS). The highest Hg concentrations were recorded from historic mine tailings, legacy of large scale mines in the area, which averaged 795 ppb but ranged from 80 ppb to 2500 ppb. Concentrations in streambed sediments averaged 139 ppb, but ranged from 63 ppb to 270 ppb. Water, expectedly, gave the lowest Hg concentrations with a mean value of 1.5 ppb, but ranged from below detection to 8 ppb. Areas worked by artisanal miners and historic tailings dumps at Bondaye and Prestea recorded the highest mercury values. These high mercury concentration sites constitute potential sources of major mercury pollution in the area and therefore require major and urgent clean up to mitigate any major health risks. However, any remediation strategy would require further and detailed study of the contaminated sites and an evaluation of known remediation techniques to achieve maximum results.展开更多
Clean up,clean up ,We all had fun today ,Now it's time to clean up and Put everything away ,Over here and over there Up and down and everywhere All the toys and games we played And one big giant mess we made.
Ischemic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness:Ischemic retinopathies including diabetic retinopathy(DR),retinopathy of prematurity,and retinal artery and vein occlusion are major causes of visual impairment.Isc...Ischemic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness:Ischemic retinopathies including diabetic retinopathy(DR),retinopathy of prematurity,and retinal artery and vein occlusion are major causes of visual impairment.Ischemic retinopathy can be acute,such as in central or branch retinal artery occlusion,or chronic,such as with DR(Figure 1).Although the causes of retinopathies are diverse,one pathogenic event shared by these conditions is the myeloid cell response to retinal ischemia(Shahror et al.,2024a).展开更多
The ultra-supercritical pressure coal-fired power-generation technology (USCT) isa mature, advanced and efficient power generation technology in the world. Comparisonsamong several principal clean coal power-generatio...The ultra-supercritical pressure coal-fired power-generation technology (USCT) isa mature, advanced and efficient power generation technology in the world. Comparisonsamong several principal clean coal power-generation technologies show that USCT withpollutant-emission control equipment is superior to others in efficiency, capacity, reliability,investment and environment protection etc. Analyzing the main problems existing in thermalpower industry, it is concluded that the USCT is the preferential choice for China to developclean coal power-generation technology at present. Considering the foundation of thepower industry, the manufacturing industry for power generating equipment and otherrelated industries, it is concluded that China has satisfied the qualifications to develop USCT.展开更多
重点词汇1.cheerv.欢呼;喝彩cheer up(使)变得更高兴;振奋起来I wrote that song just to cheer myself up.我写那首歌是给我自己打气的。拓展cheer n.欢呼声;喝彩声2.volunteer v.义务做;自愿做n.志愿者volunteer to do sth自愿做某事J...重点词汇1.cheerv.欢呼;喝彩cheer up(使)变得更高兴;振奋起来I wrote that song just to cheer myself up.我写那首歌是给我自己打气的。拓展cheer n.欢呼声;喝彩声2.volunteer v.义务做;自愿做n.志愿者volunteer to do sth自愿做某事Jack volunteered to carry water.杰克自愿去运水。I need one volunteer.我需要一名志愿者。3.notice n.通知;通告;注意v.注意到;展开更多
重点知识园地重点单词1.cheer v.欢呼;喝彩cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋起来I wrote that song just to cheer myself up.我写那首歌只是为了给自己打气。拓展cheern.欢呼声;喝彩声2.volunteerv.义务做;自愿做n.志愿者volunteer to do ...重点知识园地重点单词1.cheer v.欢呼;喝彩cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋起来I wrote that song just to cheer myself up.我写那首歌只是为了给自己打气。拓展cheern.欢呼声;喝彩声2.volunteerv.义务做;自愿做n.志愿者volunteer to do sth自愿做某事Jack volunteered to carry water.杰克自愿去运水。展开更多
Machining quality of clean-up region has a strong influence on the performances of the impeller. In order to plan clean-up tool paths rapidly and obtain good finish surface quality, an efficient and robust tool path g...Machining quality of clean-up region has a strong influence on the performances of the impeller. In order to plan clean-up tool paths rapidly and obtain good finish surface quality, an efficient and robust tool path generation method is presented, which employs an approach based on point-searching. The clean-up machining mentioned in this paper is pencil-cut and multilayer fillet-cut for a free-form model with a ball-end cutter. For pencil-cut, the cutter center position can be determined via judging whether it satisfies the distance requirement. After the searching direction and the tracing direction have been determined, by employing the point-searching algorithm with the idea of dichotomy, all the cutter contact （CC） points and cutter location （CL） points can be found and the clean-up boundaries can also be defined rapidly. Then the tool path is generated. Based on the main concept of pencil-cut, a multilayer fillet-cut method is proposed, which utilizes a ball-end cutter with its radius less than the design radius of clean-up region. Using a sequence of intermediate virtual cutters to divide the clean-up region into several layers and given a cusp-height tolerance for the final layer, then the tool paths for all layers are calculated. Finally, computer implementation is also presented in this paper, and the result shows that the proposed method is feasible.展开更多
In this paper, the discussion is concentrated on the properties of the polluted sediments and the combination of clean-up and disposal process for the upper layer heavily polluted sediments with good flowability. Base...In this paper, the discussion is concentrated on the properties of the polluted sediments and the combination of clean-up and disposal process for the upper layer heavily polluted sediments with good flowability. Based on the systematic analyses of various clean-up processes, a suitable engineering process has been evaluated and recommended. The process has been applied to the river reclamation in Yangpu District of Shanghai City, China. An improved centrifuge is used for dewatering the dredged sludge, which plays an important role in the combination of clean-up and disposal process. The assessment of the engineering process shows its environmental and technical economy feasibility, which is much better than that of traditional dredging-disposal processes.展开更多
Advanced integrated gasification combined cycle （IGCC） power generation systems require the development of high-temperature, regenerable desulfurization sorbents, which are capable of removing hydrogen sulfide from ...Advanced integrated gasification combined cycle （IGCC） power generation systems require the development of high-temperature, regenerable desulfurization sorbents, which are capable of removing hydrogen sulfide from coal gasifier gas to very low levels. In this paper, zinc ferrites prepared by co-precipitation were identified as a novel coal gas desulfurization sorbent at high temperature. Preparation of zinc ferrite and effects of binders on pore volume, strength and desulfurization efficiency of zinc ferrite desulfurizer were studied. Moreover, the behavior of zinc ferrite sorbent during desulfurization and regeneration under the temperature range of 350-400 ℃ are investigated. Effects of binders on the pore volume, mechanical strength and desulfurization efficiency of zinc ferrite sorbents indicated that the addition of kaolinite to zinc ferrite desulfurizer seems to be superior to other binders under the experimental conditions.展开更多
Abstract： This article introduces the development and application of the medium-pressure hydro-upgrading （MHUG） tech- nology developed by the Research Institute of Petroleum Processing （RIPP）. The MHUG technology...Abstract： This article introduces the development and application of the medium-pressure hydro-upgrading （MHUG） tech- nology developed by the Research Institute of Petroleum Processing （RIPP）. The MHUG technology based on the chemistry of diesel hydro-upgrading reactions has the advantages of flexible product slate and excellent product quality that can in- crease the cetane rating of diesel fuel up to more than 15 units. The hydrotreating and hydro-upgrading catalysts associated with the MHUG technology have outstanding performance to meet the demand of MHUG technology for hydro-saturation and selective ring-opening of aromatic rings. New MHUG process flow scheme can further increase the yield and selectivity of target products. Commercial application of multiple MHUG units has revealed that the MHUG technology designated for clean diesel production features good feedstock adaptability and operating stability.展开更多
Multifunctional fabrics of high durability through a scalable and eco-friendly technique remains a great challenge hindering their commercialization.In this work,we report a facile synthesis technique for the fabricat...Multifunctional fabrics of high durability through a scalable and eco-friendly technique remains a great challenge hindering their commercialization.In this work,we report a facile synthesis technique for the fabrication of superhydrophobic antibacterial fabrics by employing fluorine-free silane coupling agents as cross-linkers for enhanced durability.Three silane cross-linkers,Aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane(AEAPTMS),Aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES),and Methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane(MPTMS),have been investigated.During the fabrication,a low surface energy polymer,polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)was first deposited on cotton fabrics.Subsequently,antibacterial copper oxide(CuO)nanoparticles were anchored on the PDMS coated fabrics using the silane cross-linkers.The as-prepared fabrics displayed high superhydrophobicity and antibacterial performance with water contact angle(WCA)>153,water shedding angle(WSA)<5,and up to 99%antibacterial efficiency.Additionally,the as-prepared fabrics displayed high durability against abrasion,ultrasonic washing,and soaking in harsh chemical environments.The air permeability and flexibility of the fabric was not compromised after the coating.The above-reported technique is simple,cost-effective and holds tremendous potential for large-scale production of energy-saving clothing and healthcare products.展开更多
Objective To assess the effectiveness of multiple cleaning and disinfection interventions in the homes and kindergartens, in reducing gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses of children. Methods From October 2010 t...Objective To assess the effectiveness of multiple cleaning and disinfection interventions in the homes and kindergartens, in reducing gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses of children. Methods From October 2010 to September 2011, we performed a prospective, controlled study in China. 408 children under 5 years old were recruited and group randomized into intervention and control groups. Families and kindergartens in the intervention group were provided with antibacterial products for hand hygiene and surface cleaning or disinfection for one year. Each child＇s illness symptoms and sick leave were recorded every day. Results A total of 393 children completed the study, with similar baseline demographics in each of the 2 groups. Except for abdominal pain, the odds of symptoms （fever, cough and expectoration, runny nose and nasal congestion, diarrhea）, illness （acute respiratory illness and gastrointestinal illness）, and sick leave per person each month were significantly reduced by interventions. The rates of fever, diarrhea, acute respiratory illness, gastrointestinal illness and sick leave per person per year were significantly decreased as well. Conclusion Not only the acute respiratory children were significantly reduced by multiple and gastrointestinal illness but the sick leave rate in interventions.展开更多
This study aims to evaluate the crowdfunding alternatives regarding new service development process pathways of clean energy investment projects.In this framework,a new model has been generated by considering the cons...This study aims to evaluate the crowdfunding alternatives regarding new service development process pathways of clean energy investment projects.In this framework,a new model has been generated by considering the consensus-based group decisionmaking with incomplete preferences,Pythagorean fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS).Moreover,a comparative evaluation has been performed with Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I.Kompromisno Resenje methodology and sensitivity analysis has been made by considering 4 different cases.The main contribution is to identify appropriate crowdfunding-based funding alternatives for the improvement of the clean energy investments with a novel MCDM model.By considering the iteration technique and consensus-based analysis,the missing parts in the evaluations can be completed and opposite opinion problems can be reduced.Furthermore,with the help of hybrid MCDM model by combining DEMATEL and TOPSIS,more objective results can be reached.It is concluded that the analysis results are coherent and reliable.The findings indicate that the full launch is the most significant criterion for equity and debt-based crowdfunding alternatives.On the other side,the analysis has the highest weight for reward and donation-based alternatives whereas design is the most essential item regarding the royalty-based alternative.Additionally,it is also defined that equity-based crowdfunding alternative is the most significant for the service development process of clean energy investment projects.In this way,it will be possible to provide a continuous resource for clean energy investment projects.On the other hand,by providing financing with equity,there will be no fixed financing cost for clean energy investors.If these investors make a profit,they distribute dividends with the decision of their authorized bodies.展开更多
In this paper, the structure and function of the IDSS in the operation process of electric furnace for cleaning slag are presented and the fuzzy neural network decision model (FNNDM) in the IDSS is specially suggested...In this paper, the structure and function of the IDSS in the operation process of electric furnace for cleaning slag are presented and the fuzzy neural network decision model (FNNDM) in the IDSS is specially suggested. The IDSS possesses selflearning and adaptive properties, and has been used for managing and analyzing the optimal operational conditions since June 1992. Electric energy consumption has been reduced remarkably and the coefficient of recovery of cobalt and nickel has been increased.展开更多
The scramjet,which is the propulsion of hypersonic vehicle,has become the focus in many military developed countries.The ground tests play an important role in the research of scramjet.There is defect of test medium c...The scramjet,which is the propulsion of hypersonic vehicle,has become the focus in many military developed countries.The ground tests play an important role in the research of scramjet.There is defect of test medium contamination(the thermochemical characteristic of the ground test medium is different from that of the flight medium)in existing ground test facilities for scramjet combustor experiment.To solve the problem of test medium contamination,the first clean air heated facility of China for scramjet combustor experiment is designed.The key technology of designing the clean air heated facility is summarized.By using bypass duct,combustor model is protected from high temperature.To reduce the switching time between main duct and bypass duct,solenoid valve and water-cooled system were used.Having centrosymmetric structure,the heat radiating area of the facility and heat loss of the facility are much lower than others.Clean air heated facility is adopted to conduct experiment,which is the first experiment of China in clean air inflow,research on hydrogen-fueled and ethylene-fueled ignition and combustion for scramjet combustor at different equivalence ratio.Successful ignition and sustained combustion of hydrogen has been achieved.Successful ethylene ignition and sustained main stream combustion is achieved with normal fuel injection and taking hydrogen as pilot flame.Experiment result shows that the wall pressure of combustor model rises when the equivalence ratio of hydrogen rises.As the wall pressure of combustor model rises,the pressure disturbance influences the shock train in the upstream.展开更多
A ring R is called clean if every element is the sum of an idempotent and a unit, and R is called uniquely strongly clean （USC for short） if every element is uniquely the sum of an idempotent and a unit that commute...A ring R is called clean if every element is the sum of an idempotent and a unit, and R is called uniquely strongly clean （USC for short） if every element is uniquely the sum of an idempotent and a unit that commute. In this article, some conditions on a ring R and a group G such that RG is clean are given. It is also shown that if G is a locally finite group, then the group ring RG is USC if and only if R is USC, and G is a 2-group. The left uniquely exchange group ring, as a middle ring of the uniquely clean ring and the USC ring, does not possess this property, and so does the uniquely exchange group ring.展开更多
文摘A new method as a post-processing step is presented to improve the shape quality of triangular meshes, which uses a topological clean up procedure and discrete smoothing interpolate (DSI) algorithm together. This method can improve the angle distribution of mesh element. while keeping the resulting meshes conform to the predefined constraints which are inputted as a PSLG.
文摘Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau and related departments have issued a regulation to strengthen the management of Twitter-like micro-blogs.The regulation,issued on December 16,2011,requires Internet companies registered in the city and offering micro-blogging services to have their users register with their real names and personal information.Users＇ identity information must be validated before they begin blogging.Starting March 16,2012,microbloggers without real-name registration will not be allowed to blog.
文摘The study assesses the spatial distribution and sources of mercury contamination in the Ankobra River Basin in southwestern Ghana and discusses possible remediation options and challenges. Eighty-two (82) samples of water and streambed sediments from areas of active and historic artisanal mining and historic mine spoil from large-scale mining were analysed for their total mercury content using cold vapour Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (CV-AAS). The highest Hg concentrations were recorded from historic mine tailings, legacy of large scale mines in the area, which averaged 795 ppb but ranged from 80 ppb to 2500 ppb. Concentrations in streambed sediments averaged 139 ppb, but ranged from 63 ppb to 270 ppb. Water, expectedly, gave the lowest Hg concentrations with a mean value of 1.5 ppb, but ranged from below detection to 8 ppb. Areas worked by artisanal miners and historic tailings dumps at Bondaye and Prestea recorded the highest mercury values. These high mercury concentration sites constitute potential sources of major mercury pollution in the area and therefore require major and urgent clean up to mitigate any major health risks. However, any remediation strategy would require further and detailed study of the contaminated sites and an evaluation of known remediation techniques to achieve maximum results.
文摘Clean up,clean up ,We all had fun today ,Now it's time to clean up and Put everything away ,Over here and over there Up and down and everywhere All the toys and games we played And one big giant mess we made.
基金supported by the National Institute of Health/National Eye Institute(NIH/NEI)grants(R00 EY029373,R01 EY035658)to AYFKnights Templar Eye Foundation Research Grant to ESIntramural UAMS Hornick and Sturgis grants to AYF and ES respectively。
文摘Ischemic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness:Ischemic retinopathies including diabetic retinopathy(DR),retinopathy of prematurity,and retinal artery and vein occlusion are major causes of visual impairment.Ischemic retinopathy can be acute,such as in central or branch retinal artery occlusion,or chronic,such as with DR(Figure 1).Although the causes of retinopathies are diverse,one pathogenic event shared by these conditions is the myeloid cell response to retinal ischemia(Shahror et al.,2024a).
文摘The ultra-supercritical pressure coal-fired power-generation technology (USCT) isa mature, advanced and efficient power generation technology in the world. Comparisonsamong several principal clean coal power-generation technologies show that USCT withpollutant-emission control equipment is superior to others in efficiency, capacity, reliability,investment and environment protection etc. Analyzing the main problems existing in thermalpower industry, it is concluded that the USCT is the preferential choice for China to developclean coal power-generation technology at present. Considering the foundation of thepower industry, the manufacturing industry for power generating equipment and otherrelated industries, it is concluded that China has satisfied the qualifications to develop USCT.
文摘重点词汇1.cheerv.欢呼;喝彩cheer up(使)变得更高兴;振奋起来I wrote that song just to cheer myself up.我写那首歌是给我自己打气的。拓展cheer n.欢呼声;喝彩声2.volunteer v.义务做;自愿做n.志愿者volunteer to do sth自愿做某事Jack volunteered to carry water.杰克自愿去运水。I need one volunteer.我需要一名志愿者。3.notice n.通知;通告;注意v.注意到;
文摘重点知识园地重点单词1.cheer v.欢呼;喝彩cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋起来I wrote that song just to cheer myself up.我写那首歌只是为了给自己打气。拓展cheern.欢呼声;喝彩声2.volunteerv.义务做;自愿做n.志愿者volunteer to do sth自愿做某事Jack volunteered to carry water.杰克自愿去运水。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China （51005183） National Science and Technology Major Project （2011X04016-031）
文摘Machining quality of clean-up region has a strong influence on the performances of the impeller. In order to plan clean-up tool paths rapidly and obtain good finish surface quality, an efficient and robust tool path generation method is presented, which employs an approach based on point-searching. The clean-up machining mentioned in this paper is pencil-cut and multilayer fillet-cut for a free-form model with a ball-end cutter. For pencil-cut, the cutter center position can be determined via judging whether it satisfies the distance requirement. After the searching direction and the tracing direction have been determined, by employing the point-searching algorithm with the idea of dichotomy, all the cutter contact （CC） points and cutter location （CL） points can be found and the clean-up boundaries can also be defined rapidly. Then the tool path is generated. Based on the main concept of pencil-cut, a multilayer fillet-cut method is proposed, which utilizes a ball-end cutter with its radius less than the design radius of clean-up region. Using a sequence of intermediate virtual cutters to divide the clean-up region into several layers and given a cusp-height tolerance for the final layer, then the tool paths for all layers are calculated. Finally, computer implementation is also presented in this paper, and the result shows that the proposed method is feasible.
文摘In this paper, the discussion is concentrated on the properties of the polluted sediments and the combination of clean-up and disposal process for the upper layer heavily polluted sediments with good flowability. Based on the systematic analyses of various clean-up processes, a suitable engineering process has been evaluated and recommended. The process has been applied to the river reclamation in Yangpu District of Shanghai City, China. An improved centrifuge is used for dewatering the dredged sludge, which plays an important role in the combination of clean-up and disposal process. The assessment of the engineering process shows its environmental and technical economy feasibility, which is much better than that of traditional dredging-disposal processes.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under the Grant No. G2005CB221203the Natural Science Foundation of China under Contract No. 20576087.
文摘Advanced integrated gasification combined cycle （IGCC） power generation systems require the development of high-temperature, regenerable desulfurization sorbents, which are capable of removing hydrogen sulfide from coal gasifier gas to very low levels. In this paper, zinc ferrites prepared by co-precipitation were identified as a novel coal gas desulfurization sorbent at high temperature. Preparation of zinc ferrite and effects of binders on pore volume, strength and desulfurization efficiency of zinc ferrite desulfurizer were studied. Moreover, the behavior of zinc ferrite sorbent during desulfurization and regeneration under the temperature range of 350-400 ℃ are investigated. Effects of binders on the pore volume, mechanical strength and desulfurization efficiency of zinc ferrite sorbents indicated that the addition of kaolinite to zinc ferrite desulfurizer seems to be superior to other binders under the experimental conditions.
文摘Abstract： This article introduces the development and application of the medium-pressure hydro-upgrading （MHUG） tech- nology developed by the Research Institute of Petroleum Processing （RIPP）. The MHUG technology based on the chemistry of diesel hydro-upgrading reactions has the advantages of flexible product slate and excellent product quality that can in- crease the cetane rating of diesel fuel up to more than 15 units. The hydrotreating and hydro-upgrading catalysts associated with the MHUG technology have outstanding performance to meet the demand of MHUG technology for hydro-saturation and selective ring-opening of aromatic rings. New MHUG process flow scheme can further increase the yield and selectivity of target products. Commercial application of multiple MHUG units has revealed that the MHUG technology designated for clean diesel production features good feedstock adaptability and operating stability.
基金Financial assistance from Ministry of Education,Singapore(RG 16/18)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Multifunctional fabrics of high durability through a scalable and eco-friendly technique remains a great challenge hindering their commercialization.In this work,we report a facile synthesis technique for the fabrication of superhydrophobic antibacterial fabrics by employing fluorine-free silane coupling agents as cross-linkers for enhanced durability.Three silane cross-linkers,Aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane(AEAPTMS),Aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES),and Methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane(MPTMS),have been investigated.During the fabrication,a low surface energy polymer,polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)was first deposited on cotton fabrics.Subsequently,antibacterial copper oxide(CuO)nanoparticles were anchored on the PDMS coated fabrics using the silane cross-linkers.The as-prepared fabrics displayed high superhydrophobicity and antibacterial performance with water contact angle(WCA)>153,water shedding angle(WSA)<5,and up to 99%antibacterial efficiency.Additionally,the as-prepared fabrics displayed high durability against abrasion,ultrasonic washing,and soaking in harsh chemical environments.The air permeability and flexibility of the fabric was not compromised after the coating.The above-reported technique is simple,cost-effective and holds tremendous potential for large-scale production of energy-saving clothing and healthcare products.
基金the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention[No.2011001]and registered with the Chi CTR.[Reg.No.Chi CTR-ONRC-12002542]
文摘Objective To assess the effectiveness of multiple cleaning and disinfection interventions in the homes and kindergartens, in reducing gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses of children. Methods From October 2010 to September 2011, we performed a prospective, controlled study in China. 408 children under 5 years old were recruited and group randomized into intervention and control groups. Families and kindergartens in the intervention group were provided with antibacterial products for hand hygiene and surface cleaning or disinfection for one year. Each child＇s illness symptoms and sick leave were recorded every day. Results A total of 393 children completed the study, with similar baseline demographics in each of the 2 groups. Except for abdominal pain, the odds of symptoms （fever, cough and expectoration, runny nose and nasal congestion, diarrhea）, illness （acute respiratory illness and gastrointestinal illness）, and sick leave per person each month were significantly reduced by interventions. The rates of fever, diarrhea, acute respiratory illness, gastrointestinal illness and sick leave per person per year were significantly decreased as well. Conclusion Not only the acute respiratory children were significantly reduced by multiple and gastrointestinal illness but the sick leave rate in interventions.
基金This work is supported by the project of Sichuan county economic development research center of Sichuan provincial key research base of social sciences,"research on the coordination mechanism of county economic,ecological and social coupling development of giant panda national park"(xy2020034)the social science special research project of Sichuan agricultural university"research on innovation of modern urban agricultural development mode"(035/03571600).
文摘This study aims to evaluate the crowdfunding alternatives regarding new service development process pathways of clean energy investment projects.In this framework,a new model has been generated by considering the consensus-based group decisionmaking with incomplete preferences,Pythagorean fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS).Moreover,a comparative evaluation has been performed with Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I.Kompromisno Resenje methodology and sensitivity analysis has been made by considering 4 different cases.The main contribution is to identify appropriate crowdfunding-based funding alternatives for the improvement of the clean energy investments with a novel MCDM model.By considering the iteration technique and consensus-based analysis,the missing parts in the evaluations can be completed and opposite opinion problems can be reduced.Furthermore,with the help of hybrid MCDM model by combining DEMATEL and TOPSIS,more objective results can be reached.It is concluded that the analysis results are coherent and reliable.The findings indicate that the full launch is the most significant criterion for equity and debt-based crowdfunding alternatives.On the other side,the analysis has the highest weight for reward and donation-based alternatives whereas design is the most essential item regarding the royalty-based alternative.Additionally,it is also defined that equity-based crowdfunding alternative is the most significant for the service development process of clean energy investment projects.In this way,it will be possible to provide a continuous resource for clean energy investment projects.On the other hand,by providing financing with equity,there will be no fixed financing cost for clean energy investors.If these investors make a profit,they distribute dividends with the decision of their authorized bodies.
文摘In this paper, the structure and function of the IDSS in the operation process of electric furnace for cleaning slag are presented and the fuzzy neural network decision model (FNNDM) in the IDSS is specially suggested. The IDSS possesses selflearning and adaptive properties, and has been used for managing and analyzing the optimal operational conditions since June 1992. Electric energy consumption has been reduced remarkably and the coefficient of recovery of cobalt and nickel has been increased.
基金supported by National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China(863 Program,Grant No.2003AA723072)
文摘The scramjet,which is the propulsion of hypersonic vehicle,has become the focus in many military developed countries.The ground tests play an important role in the research of scramjet.There is defect of test medium contamination(the thermochemical characteristic of the ground test medium is different from that of the flight medium)in existing ground test facilities for scramjet combustor experiment.To solve the problem of test medium contamination,the first clean air heated facility of China for scramjet combustor experiment is designed.The key technology of designing the clean air heated facility is summarized.By using bypass duct,combustor model is protected from high temperature.To reduce the switching time between main duct and bypass duct,solenoid valve and water-cooled system were used.Having centrosymmetric structure,the heat radiating area of the facility and heat loss of the facility are much lower than others.Clean air heated facility is adopted to conduct experiment,which is the first experiment of China in clean air inflow,research on hydrogen-fueled and ethylene-fueled ignition and combustion for scramjet combustor at different equivalence ratio.Successful ignition and sustained combustion of hydrogen has been achieved.Successful ethylene ignition and sustained main stream combustion is achieved with normal fuel injection and taking hydrogen as pilot flame.Experiment result shows that the wall pressure of combustor model rises when the equivalence ratio of hydrogen rises.As the wall pressure of combustor model rises,the pressure disturbance influences the shock train in the upstream.
文摘A ring R is called clean if every element is the sum of an idempotent and a unit, and R is called uniquely strongly clean （USC for short） if every element is uniquely the sum of an idempotent and a unit that commute. In this article, some conditions on a ring R and a group G such that RG is clean are given. It is also shown that if G is a locally finite group, then the group ring RG is USC if and only if R is USC, and G is a 2-group. The left uniquely exchange group ring, as a middle ring of the uniquely clean ring and the USC ring, does not possess this property, and so does the uniquely exchange group ring.
