High-dimensional data encountered in genomic and proteomic studies are often limited by the sample size but has a higher number of predictor variables.Therefore selecting the most relevant variables that are correlate...High-dimensional data encountered in genomic and proteomic studies are often limited by the sample size but has a higher number of predictor variables.Therefore selecting the most relevant variables that are correlated with the outcome variable is a crucial step.This paper describes an approach for selecting a set of optimal variables to achieve a classifcation model with high predictive accuracy.The work described using a biological classifer published elsewhere but it can be generalized for any application.展开更多
Lower extremity robotic exoskeletons(LEEX)can not only improve the ability of the human body but also provide healing treatment for people with lower extremity dysfunction.There are a wide range of application needs a...Lower extremity robotic exoskeletons(LEEX)can not only improve the ability of the human body but also provide healing treatment for people with lower extremity dysfunction.There are a wide range of application needs and development prospects in the military,industry,medical treatment,consumption and other felds,which has aroused widespread concern in society.This paper attempts to review LEEX technical development.First,the history of LEEX is briefy traced.Second,based on existing research,LEEX is classifed according to auxiliary body parts,structural forms,functions and felds,and typical LEEX prototypes and products are introduced.Then,the latest key technologies are analyzed and summarized,and the research contents,such as bionic structure and driving characteristics,human–robot interaction(HRI)and intentawareness,intelligent control strategy,and evaluation method of power-assisted walking efciency,are described in detail.Finally,existing LEEX problems and challenges are analyzed,a future development trend is proposed,and a multidisciplinary development direction of the key technology is provided.展开更多
Background: Spontaneous gallbladder perforation(GBP) is an uncommon diagnosis. This study presented the experience of managing spontaneous GBP over nine years at a large, tertiary care university hospital in north Ind...Background: Spontaneous gallbladder perforation(GBP) is an uncommon diagnosis. This study presented the experience of managing spontaneous GBP over nine years at a large, tertiary care university hospital in north India and investigated the outcomes and treatment strategies. Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively maintained digital database of consecutive patients was performed. All patients received medical and/or surgical treatment for spontaneous GBP in our department between January 2010 and June 2018. Results: We identifed 151 patients(81 females and 70 males) with mean age of 53 years. Most common presenting features were pain(96.7%), fever(54.3%) and jaundice(31.1%). Most common cause was gallbladder stones(84.8%) followed by common bile duct stones(30.5%), xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis(17.9%) and malignancy(11.9%). As per Niemeier classifcation, 8.6% had type 1 GBP(free perforation in peritoneal cavity), 76.2% had type 2 GBP(localized perforation) and 13.2% had type 3 GBP(cholecystoenteric fstula). About 60% of the perforations were diagnosed preoperatively. Type 1 was more common in patients with diabetes and also had the worst prognosis. Surgery was performed in 109 patients(72.2%). Seven patients(4.6%) had a postoperative morbidity of Clavien-Dindo Ⅲ or higher. There were three mortalities in patients who underwent surgery. Conclusions: High index of suspicion is required for preoperative diagnosis of GBP, especially in types 2 and 3. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be difficult in these patients and patients may require open or partial cholecystectomy. Early diagnosis and step-up approach for the treatment of GBP is critical.展开更多
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy （IgAN） is characterized by different clinical manifestations and by long-term different outcomes. Major problem for the physicians is to understanding which patients are at risk of a dis...Immunoglobulin A nephropathy （IgAN） is characterized by different clinical manifestations and by long-term different outcomes. Major problem for the physicians is to understanding which patients are at risk of a disease evolution and to prescribe the right therapy to the right patients. Indeed, in addition to patients with a stable disease with no trend to evolution or even with a spontaneous recovery, patients with an active disease and patients with a rapidly evolving glomeru-lonephritis are described. Several histopathological, biological and clinical markers have been described and are currently used to a better understanding of patients at risk, to suggest the right therapy and to monitor the therapy effect and the IgAN evolution over time. The clinical markers are the most reliable and allow to divide the IgAN patients into three categories： The low risk patients, the intermediate risk patients and the high risk patients. Accordingly, the therapeutic measures range from no therapy with the only need of repeated controls, to supportive therapy eventually associated with low dose immunosuppression, to immunosuppressive treat-ment in the attempt to avoid the evolution to end stage renal disease. However the current evidence about the different therapies is still matter of discussion. New drugs are in the pipeline and are described. They are object of randomized controlled trials, but studies with a number of patients adequately powered and with a long follow up are needed to evaluate effcacy and safety of these new drugs.展开更多
This study addressed the issues related to the collection and management of basic data for railway green performance. A railway green performance basic database has been constructed based on metadata and data exchange...This study addressed the issues related to the collection and management of basic data for railway green performance. A railway green performance basic database has been constructed based on metadata and data exchange schemas. A data classification system has been established from the perspectives of businesses, processes,and entities. A BIM(Building Information Modelling) model data extraction scheme is proposed based on field similarity matching and a document content extraction scheme is proposed based on image recognition. A railway green performance basic data collection system has been developed, achieving efficient collection and integrated management of railway green performance basic data. This system can provide data support for applications such as railway carbon emissions accounting, green cost-benefit analysis, and evaluation of green design solutions.展开更多
One factor that limits development of fundamental research on the infuence of coke microstructure on its strength is the difculty in quantifying the way that microstructure is both classifed and distributed in three d...One factor that limits development of fundamental research on the infuence of coke microstructure on its strength is the difculty in quantifying the way that microstructure is both classifed and distributed in three dimensions.To support such fundamental studies,this study evaluated a novel volumetric approach for classifying small(approx.450μm^(3))blocks of coke microstructure from 3D computed tomography scans.An automated process for classifying microstructure blocks was described.It is based on Landmark Multi-Dimensional Scaling and uses the Bhattacharyya metric and k-means clustering.The approach was evaluated using 27 coke samples across a range of coke with diferent properties and reliably identifed 6 ordered class of coke microstructure based on the distribution of voxel intensities associated with structural density.The lower class(1–2)subblocks tend to be dominated by pores and thin walls.Typically,there is an increase in wall thickness and reduced pore sizes in the higher classes.Inert features are also likely to be seen in higher classes(5–6).In general,this approach provides an efcient automated means for identifying the 3D spatial distribution of microstructure in CT scans of coke.展开更多
This article provides a brief description of an epithelial ovarian cancer （EOC） case （stage Ⅳ） treated with the association of complete CytoReductive Surgery and hy-pertermic intraPEritoneal chemotherapy （HIPEC...This article provides a brief description of an epithelial ovarian cancer （EOC） case （stage Ⅳ） treated with the association of complete CytoReductive Surgery and hy-pertermic intraPEritoneal chemotherapy （HIPEC）. The use of HIPEC in EOC makes theoretic sense in view of the high rates of recurrence following standard treat-ment, but there are no randomized clinical trial to date and HIPEC for these patients still represents a radical treatment where the choice of no treatment may be acceptable since defnitive cure is unlikely. We reviewed the entire decision making process considering the risk/beneft of the procedure in term of mortality/morbidity, the quality of life and the psychological profile of the patient 1 year after surgery. The platform World Health Organization-International Classification of Function-ing, Disability and Health that permits evaluation of the person in relation to the psycho-social context is pre-sented. A person-centred approach and assessment of health-related quality-of-life and disability in EOC survi-vors are of central importance for decision making.展开更多
To import cosmetics into China market, one has to comply with “Regulations concerning the Hygiene Supervision over Cosmetics” and other supportive rules. Importers should undergo a subsequence of procedures includin...To import cosmetics into China market, one has to comply with “Regulations concerning the Hygiene Supervision over Cosmetics” and other supportive rules. Importers should undergo a subsequence of procedures including： defne the cosmetics, check ingredients, register/fle, appoint Chinese responsible agent/person, prepare dossiers, etc. This article provides an overview of how to comply with regulations requirements on imported cosmetics.展开更多
Models based on MLP-Mixer architecture are becoming popular,but they still sufer from adversarial examples.Although it has been shown that MLP-Mixer is more robust to adversarial attacks compared to convolutional neur...Models based on MLP-Mixer architecture are becoming popular,but they still sufer from adversarial examples.Although it has been shown that MLP-Mixer is more robust to adversarial attacks compared to convolutional neural networks(CNNs),there has been no research on adversarial attacks tailored to its architecture.In this paper,we fll this gap.We propose a dedicated attack framework called Maxwell’s demon Attack(MA).Specifcally,we break the chan‑nel-mixing and token-mixing mechanisms of the MLP-Mixer by perturbing inputs of each Mixer layer to achieve high transferability.We demonstrate that disrupting the MLP-Mixer’s capture of the main information of images by mask‑ing its inputs can generate adversarial examples with cross-architectural transferability.Extensive evaluations show the efectiveness and superior performance of MA.Perturbations generated based on masked inputs obtain a higher success rate of black-box attacks than existing transfer attacks.Moreover,our approach can be easily combined with existing methods to improve the transferability both within MLP-Mixer based models and to models with difer‑ent architectures.We achieve up to 55.9%attack performance improvement.Our work exploits the true generaliza‑tion potential of the MLP-Mixer adversarial space and helps make it more robust for future deployments.展开更多
Artifcial Intelligence (AI) is being applied to improve the efciency of software systems used in various domains, especially in the health and forensic sciences. Explainable AI (XAI) is one of the felds of AI that int...Artifcial Intelligence (AI) is being applied to improve the efciency of software systems used in various domains, especially in the health and forensic sciences. Explainable AI (XAI) is one of the felds of AI that interprets and explains the methods used in AI. One of the techniques used in XAI to provide such interpretations is by computing the rel-evanceof the input features to the output of an AI model. File fragment classifcation is one of the vital issues of fle carving in Cyber Forensics (CF) and becomes challenging when the flesystem metadata is missing. Other major challenges it faces are: proliferation of fle formats, fle embeddings, automation, We leverage and utilize interpretations provided by XAI to optimize the classifcation of fle fragments and propose a novel sifting approach, named SIFT (Sifting File Types). SIFT employs TF-IDF to assign weight to a byte (feature), which is used to select features from a fle fragment. Threshold-based LIME and SHAP (the two XAI techniques) feature relevance values are computed for the selected features to optimize fle fragment classifcation. To improve multinomial classifcation, a Multilayer Per-ceptronmodel is developed and optimized with fve hidden layers, each layer with i × n neurons, where i = the layer number and n = the total number of classes in the dataset. When tested with 47,482 samples of 20 fle types (classes), SIFT achieves a detection rate of 82.1% and outperforms the other state-of-the-art techniques by at least 10%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the frst efort of applying XAI in CF for optimizing fle fragment classifcation.展开更多
Pseudoalteromonas,with a ubiquitous distribution,is one of the most abundant marine bacterial genera.It is especially abundant in the deep sea and polar seas,where it has been found to have a broad metabolic capacity ...Pseudoalteromonas,with a ubiquitous distribution,is one of the most abundant marine bacterial genera.It is especially abundant in the deep sea and polar seas,where it has been found to have a broad metabolic capacity and unique co-existence strategies with other organisms.However,only a few Pseudoalteromonas phages have so far been isolated and investigated and their genomic diversity and distribution patterns are still unclear.Here,the genomes,taxonomic features and distribution patterns of Pseudoalteromonas phages are systematically analyzed,based on the microbial and viral genomes and metagenome datasets.A total of 143 complete or nearly complete Pseudoalteromonas-associated phage genomes(PSAPGs)were identifed,including 34 Pseudoalteromonas phage isolates,24 proviruses,and 85 Pseudoalteromonas-associated uncultured viral genomes(UViGs);these were assigned to 47 viral clusters at the genus level.Many integrated proviruses(n=24)and flamentous phages were detected(n=32),suggesting the prevalence of viral lysogenic life cycle in Pseudoalteromonas.PSAPGs encoded 66 types of 249 potential auxiliary metabolic genes(AMGs)relating to peptidases and nucleotide metabolism.They may also participate in marine biogeochemical cycles through the manipulation of the metabolism of their hosts,especially in the phosphorus and sulfur cycles.Siphoviral and flamentous PSAPGs were the predominant viral lineages found in polar areas,while some myoviral and siphoviral PSAPGs encoding transposase were more abundant in the deep sea.This study has expanded our understanding of the taxonomy,phylogenetic and ecological scope of marine Pseudoalteromonas phages and deepens our knowledge of viral impacts on Pseudoalteromonas.It will provide a baseline for the study of interactions between phages and Pseudoalteromonas in the ocean.展开更多
Background This paper presents a retrospective study to classify patients into subtypes of the treatment according to baseline and longitudinally observed values considering heterogenity in migraine prognosis. In the ...Background This paper presents a retrospective study to classify patients into subtypes of the treatment according to baseline and longitudinally observed values considering heterogenity in migraine prognosis. In the classical prospective clinical studies, participants are classified with respect to baseline status and followed within a certain time period. However, latent growth mixture model is the most suitable method, which considers the population heterogenity and is not affected drop-outs if they are missing at random. Hence, we planned this comprehensive study to identify prognostic factors in migraine.展开更多
Gliomas are the most common primary malignancies in the adult central nervous system(CNS),and over the course of the last decades a wealth of data on their genomic characterization has been acquired.Nevertheless,attem...Gliomas are the most common primary malignancies in the adult central nervous system(CNS),and over the course of the last decades a wealth of data on their genomic characterization has been acquired.Nevertheless,attempts to stratify patients on the basis of this work has so far conspicuously failed to identify useful treatment targets,and no phase III clinical trials conducted to date have reached a favorable outcome.We suggest that these translational failures are due to inadequacies in classifcation schemes,which fail to capture the range of biologically distinct entities that give rise to gliomas.Treating gliomas of diferent subtypes together,rather than as a set of biologically distinct but related tumors,has resulted in a classifcation scheme rich in unexplained heterogeneities,and has restricted target identifcation eforts to cell cycle and cell growth regulators.We suggest that this failure of detailed genomic characterizations to identify useful treatment targets requires a re-assessment of our assumptions concerning glioma origins.We propose a re-interpretation of glioma subtypes in the light of knowledge of the developmental pathways of the various neural lineages that make up the adult CNS.Such a developmental subtype-specifc classifcation scheme based on dys-regulated cell fate decisions may not only improve classifcation and diagnosis but,more importantly,identify potentially druggable subtype-specifc developmental vulnerabilities.展开更多
文摘High-dimensional data encountered in genomic and proteomic studies are often limited by the sample size but has a higher number of predictor variables.Therefore selecting the most relevant variables that are correlated with the outcome variable is a crucial step.This paper describes an approach for selecting a set of optimal variables to achieve a classifcation model with high predictive accuracy.The work described using a biological classifer published elsewhere but it can be generalized for any application.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0802700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50975010,Grant No.51075017).
文摘Lower extremity robotic exoskeletons(LEEX)can not only improve the ability of the human body but also provide healing treatment for people with lower extremity dysfunction.There are a wide range of application needs and development prospects in the military,industry,medical treatment,consumption and other felds,which has aroused widespread concern in society.This paper attempts to review LEEX technical development.First,the history of LEEX is briefy traced.Second,based on existing research,LEEX is classifed according to auxiliary body parts,structural forms,functions and felds,and typical LEEX prototypes and products are introduced.Then,the latest key technologies are analyzed and summarized,and the research contents,such as bionic structure and driving characteristics,human–robot interaction(HRI)and intentawareness,intelligent control strategy,and evaluation method of power-assisted walking efciency,are described in detail.Finally,existing LEEX problems and challenges are analyzed,a future development trend is proposed,and a multidisciplinary development direction of the key technology is provided.
文摘Background: Spontaneous gallbladder perforation(GBP) is an uncommon diagnosis. This study presented the experience of managing spontaneous GBP over nine years at a large, tertiary care university hospital in north India and investigated the outcomes and treatment strategies. Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively maintained digital database of consecutive patients was performed. All patients received medical and/or surgical treatment for spontaneous GBP in our department between January 2010 and June 2018. Results: We identifed 151 patients(81 females and 70 males) with mean age of 53 years. Most common presenting features were pain(96.7%), fever(54.3%) and jaundice(31.1%). Most common cause was gallbladder stones(84.8%) followed by common bile duct stones(30.5%), xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis(17.9%) and malignancy(11.9%). As per Niemeier classifcation, 8.6% had type 1 GBP(free perforation in peritoneal cavity), 76.2% had type 2 GBP(localized perforation) and 13.2% had type 3 GBP(cholecystoenteric fstula). About 60% of the perforations were diagnosed preoperatively. Type 1 was more common in patients with diabetes and also had the worst prognosis. Surgery was performed in 109 patients(72.2%). Seven patients(4.6%) had a postoperative morbidity of Clavien-Dindo Ⅲ or higher. There were three mortalities in patients who underwent surgery. Conclusions: High index of suspicion is required for preoperative diagnosis of GBP, especially in types 2 and 3. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be difficult in these patients and patients may require open or partial cholecystectomy. Early diagnosis and step-up approach for the treatment of GBP is critical.
文摘Immunoglobulin A nephropathy （IgAN） is characterized by different clinical manifestations and by long-term different outcomes. Major problem for the physicians is to understanding which patients are at risk of a disease evolution and to prescribe the right therapy to the right patients. Indeed, in addition to patients with a stable disease with no trend to evolution or even with a spontaneous recovery, patients with an active disease and patients with a rapidly evolving glomeru-lonephritis are described. Several histopathological, biological and clinical markers have been described and are currently used to a better understanding of patients at risk, to suggest the right therapy and to monitor the therapy effect and the IgAN evolution over time. The clinical markers are the most reliable and allow to divide the IgAN patients into three categories： The low risk patients, the intermediate risk patients and the high risk patients. Accordingly, the therapeutic measures range from no therapy with the only need of repeated controls, to supportive therapy eventually associated with low dose immunosuppression, to immunosuppressive treat-ment in the attempt to avoid the evolution to end stage renal disease. However the current evidence about the different therapies is still matter of discussion. New drugs are in the pipeline and are described. They are object of randomized controlled trials, but studies with a number of patients adequately powered and with a long follow up are needed to evaluate effcacy and safety of these new drugs.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research and Development Plan of China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.(L2023Z001).
文摘This study addressed the issues related to the collection and management of basic data for railway green performance. A railway green performance basic database has been constructed based on metadata and data exchange schemas. A data classification system has been established from the perspectives of businesses, processes,and entities. A BIM(Building Information Modelling) model data extraction scheme is proposed based on field similarity matching and a document content extraction scheme is proposed based on image recognition. A railway green performance basic data collection system has been developed, achieving efficient collection and integrated management of railway green performance basic data. This system can provide data support for applications such as railway carbon emissions accounting, green cost-benefit analysis, and evaluation of green design solutions.
基金the Australian Coal Industry's Research Program(ACARP)-Grant Number C29073.
文摘One factor that limits development of fundamental research on the infuence of coke microstructure on its strength is the difculty in quantifying the way that microstructure is both classifed and distributed in three dimensions.To support such fundamental studies,this study evaluated a novel volumetric approach for classifying small(approx.450μm^(3))blocks of coke microstructure from 3D computed tomography scans.An automated process for classifying microstructure blocks was described.It is based on Landmark Multi-Dimensional Scaling and uses the Bhattacharyya metric and k-means clustering.The approach was evaluated using 27 coke samples across a range of coke with diferent properties and reliably identifed 6 ordered class of coke microstructure based on the distribution of voxel intensities associated with structural density.The lower class(1–2)subblocks tend to be dominated by pores and thin walls.Typically,there is an increase in wall thickness and reduced pore sizes in the higher classes.Inert features are also likely to be seen in higher classes(5–6).In general,this approach provides an efcient automated means for identifying the 3D spatial distribution of microstructure in CT scans of coke.
文摘This article provides a brief description of an epithelial ovarian cancer （EOC） case （stage Ⅳ） treated with the association of complete CytoReductive Surgery and hy-pertermic intraPEritoneal chemotherapy （HIPEC）. The use of HIPEC in EOC makes theoretic sense in view of the high rates of recurrence following standard treat-ment, but there are no randomized clinical trial to date and HIPEC for these patients still represents a radical treatment where the choice of no treatment may be acceptable since defnitive cure is unlikely. We reviewed the entire decision making process considering the risk/beneft of the procedure in term of mortality/morbidity, the quality of life and the psychological profile of the patient 1 year after surgery. The platform World Health Organization-International Classification of Function-ing, Disability and Health that permits evaluation of the person in relation to the psycho-social context is pre-sented. A person-centred approach and assessment of health-related quality-of-life and disability in EOC survi-vors are of central importance for decision making.
文摘To import cosmetics into China market, one has to comply with “Regulations concerning the Hygiene Supervision over Cosmetics” and other supportive rules. Importers should undergo a subsequence of procedures including： defne the cosmetics, check ingredients, register/fle, appoint Chinese responsible agent/person, prepare dossiers, etc. This article provides an overview of how to comply with regulations requirements on imported cosmetics.
文摘Models based on MLP-Mixer architecture are becoming popular,but they still sufer from adversarial examples.Although it has been shown that MLP-Mixer is more robust to adversarial attacks compared to convolutional neural networks(CNNs),there has been no research on adversarial attacks tailored to its architecture.In this paper,we fll this gap.We propose a dedicated attack framework called Maxwell’s demon Attack(MA).Specifcally,we break the chan‑nel-mixing and token-mixing mechanisms of the MLP-Mixer by perturbing inputs of each Mixer layer to achieve high transferability.We demonstrate that disrupting the MLP-Mixer’s capture of the main information of images by mask‑ing its inputs can generate adversarial examples with cross-architectural transferability.Extensive evaluations show the efectiveness and superior performance of MA.Perturbations generated based on masked inputs obtain a higher success rate of black-box attacks than existing transfer attacks.Moreover,our approach can be easily combined with existing methods to improve the transferability both within MLP-Mixer based models and to models with difer‑ent architectures.We achieve up to 55.9%attack performance improvement.Our work exploits the true generaliza‑tion potential of the MLP-Mixer adversarial space and helps make it more robust for future deployments.
文摘Artifcial Intelligence (AI) is being applied to improve the efciency of software systems used in various domains, especially in the health and forensic sciences. Explainable AI (XAI) is one of the felds of AI that interprets and explains the methods used in AI. One of the techniques used in XAI to provide such interpretations is by computing the rel-evanceof the input features to the output of an AI model. File fragment classifcation is one of the vital issues of fle carving in Cyber Forensics (CF) and becomes challenging when the flesystem metadata is missing. Other major challenges it faces are: proliferation of fle formats, fle embeddings, automation, We leverage and utilize interpretations provided by XAI to optimize the classifcation of fle fragments and propose a novel sifting approach, named SIFT (Sifting File Types). SIFT employs TF-IDF to assign weight to a byte (feature), which is used to select features from a fle fragment. Threshold-based LIME and SHAP (the two XAI techniques) feature relevance values are computed for the selected features to optimize fle fragment classifcation. To improve multinomial classifcation, a Multilayer Per-ceptronmodel is developed and optimized with fve hidden layers, each layer with i × n neurons, where i = the layer number and n = the total number of classes in the dataset. When tested with 47,482 samples of 20 fle types (classes), SIFT achieves a detection rate of 82.1% and outperforms the other state-of-the-art techniques by at least 10%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the frst efort of applying XAI in CF for optimizing fle fragment classifcation.
基金This work was supported by the Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ202203201)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2807500)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41976117,42120104006,42176111 and 42188102)and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(202172002,201812002,202072001 and Andrew McMinn).
文摘Pseudoalteromonas,with a ubiquitous distribution,is one of the most abundant marine bacterial genera.It is especially abundant in the deep sea and polar seas,where it has been found to have a broad metabolic capacity and unique co-existence strategies with other organisms.However,only a few Pseudoalteromonas phages have so far been isolated and investigated and their genomic diversity and distribution patterns are still unclear.Here,the genomes,taxonomic features and distribution patterns of Pseudoalteromonas phages are systematically analyzed,based on the microbial and viral genomes and metagenome datasets.A total of 143 complete or nearly complete Pseudoalteromonas-associated phage genomes(PSAPGs)were identifed,including 34 Pseudoalteromonas phage isolates,24 proviruses,and 85 Pseudoalteromonas-associated uncultured viral genomes(UViGs);these were assigned to 47 viral clusters at the genus level.Many integrated proviruses(n=24)and flamentous phages were detected(n=32),suggesting the prevalence of viral lysogenic life cycle in Pseudoalteromonas.PSAPGs encoded 66 types of 249 potential auxiliary metabolic genes(AMGs)relating to peptidases and nucleotide metabolism.They may also participate in marine biogeochemical cycles through the manipulation of the metabolism of their hosts,especially in the phosphorus and sulfur cycles.Siphoviral and flamentous PSAPGs were the predominant viral lineages found in polar areas,while some myoviral and siphoviral PSAPGs encoding transposase were more abundant in the deep sea.This study has expanded our understanding of the taxonomy,phylogenetic and ecological scope of marine Pseudoalteromonas phages and deepens our knowledge of viral impacts on Pseudoalteromonas.It will provide a baseline for the study of interactions between phages and Pseudoalteromonas in the ocean.
文摘Background This paper presents a retrospective study to classify patients into subtypes of the treatment according to baseline and longitudinally observed values considering heterogenity in migraine prognosis. In the classical prospective clinical studies, participants are classified with respect to baseline status and followed within a certain time period. However, latent growth mixture model is the most suitable method, which considers the population heterogenity and is not affected drop-outs if they are missing at random. Hence, we planned this comprehensive study to identify prognostic factors in migraine.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 81773015,82072789,81472348,81072080 and 31711530156)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grants 2012DFA30470,2016YFC0902500 and 2019YFE0108100)the Erik Philip-Sörensen Foundation.
文摘Gliomas are the most common primary malignancies in the adult central nervous system(CNS),and over the course of the last decades a wealth of data on their genomic characterization has been acquired.Nevertheless,attempts to stratify patients on the basis of this work has so far conspicuously failed to identify useful treatment targets,and no phase III clinical trials conducted to date have reached a favorable outcome.We suggest that these translational failures are due to inadequacies in classifcation schemes,which fail to capture the range of biologically distinct entities that give rise to gliomas.Treating gliomas of diferent subtypes together,rather than as a set of biologically distinct but related tumors,has resulted in a classifcation scheme rich in unexplained heterogeneities,and has restricted target identifcation eforts to cell cycle and cell growth regulators.We suggest that this failure of detailed genomic characterizations to identify useful treatment targets requires a re-assessment of our assumptions concerning glioma origins.We propose a re-interpretation of glioma subtypes in the light of knowledge of the developmental pathways of the various neural lineages that make up the adult CNS.Such a developmental subtype-specifc classifcation scheme based on dys-regulated cell fate decisions may not only improve classifcation and diagnosis but,more importantly,identify potentially druggable subtype-specifc developmental vulnerabilities.
