This paper presents a fully integrated CMOS filterless class D amplifier that can directly hook up lithium battery in mobile application The proposed amplifier embodies a 2-order feedback path architecture instead of ...This paper presents a fully integrated CMOS filterless class D amplifier that can directly hook up lithium battery in mobile application The proposed amplifier embodies a 2-order feedback path architecture instead of direct feedback of output to input of the integrator to decrease the high frequency intermodulation distortion associated with direct feedback and eliminate the integrator input common mode disturbance from the output in ternary modulation.The prototype class D amplifier realized in 0.35μm digital technology achieves a THD+N of 0.02%when delivering 400 m W to an 8Ωload from V_(DD)=3.6 V.The PSRR of the prototype class D amplifier is 80 dB at217 Hz.Furthermore a filterless method that can eliminate the external LC filter is employed which offers great advantages of saving PCB space and lowering system cost.In addition the prototype class D amplifier can operate in large voltage range with V_(DD)range from 2.5 to 4.2V in mobile application.The total area of the amplifier is 1.7mm^2.展开更多
Undesirable audio click and pop may be generated in a speaker or headphone.Compared to linear（class A/B/AB） amplifiers,class D amplifiers that comprise of an input stage and a modulation stage are more prone to prod...Undesirable audio click and pop may be generated in a speaker or headphone.Compared to linear（class A/B/AB） amplifiers,class D amplifiers that comprise of an input stage and a modulation stage are more prone to producing click and pop.This article analyzes sources that generate click and pop in class D amplifiers,and corresponding ways to suppress them.For a class D amplifier with a single-ended input,click and pop is likely to be due to two factors.One is from a voltage difference（KDIF） between the voltage of an input capacitance（Vcin） and a reference voltage（Vref） of the input stage,and the other one is from the non-linear switching during the setting up of the bias and feedback voltages/currents（BFVC） of the modulation stage.In this article,a fast charging loop is introduced into the input stage to charge F_（CIN） to roughly near VREF.Then a correction loop further charges or discharges V_（CIN）,substantially equalizing it with KREF.Dummy switches are introduced into the modulation stage to provide switching signals for setting up BFVC,and the power switches are disabled until the BFVC are set up successfully.A two channel single-ended class D amplifier with the above features is fabricated with 0.5μm Bi-CMOS process.Road test and fast Fourier transform analysis indicate that there is no noticeable click and pop.展开更多
This paper investigates the noise sources in a single-ended class D amplifier（SECDA） and suggests corresponding ways to lower the noise.The total output noise could be expressed as a function of the gain and noises ...This paper investigates the noise sources in a single-ended class D amplifier（SECDA） and suggests corresponding ways to lower the noise.The total output noise could be expressed as a function of the gain and noises from different sources.According to the function,the bias voltage（V_B） is a primary noise source,especially for a SECDA with a large gain.A low noise SECDA is obtained by integrating a filter into the SECDA to lower the noise of the V_B.The filter utilizes an active resister and an 80 pF capacitance to get a 3 Hz pole.A noise test and fast Fourier transform analysis show that the noise performance of this SECDA is the same as that of a SECDA with an external filter.展开更多
嵌合抗原受体T细胞(chimeric antigen receptor T cells,CAR-T)的出现使得多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)患者的治疗进入了一个新的阶段,但大多数患者都难逃原发耐药或疾病复发的不良结局。G蛋白偶联受体C类5组成员D(G protein-coup...嵌合抗原受体T细胞(chimeric antigen receptor T cells,CAR-T)的出现使得多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)患者的治疗进入了一个新的阶段,但大多数患者都难逃原发耐药或疾病复发的不良结局。G蛋白偶联受体C类5组成员D(G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member D,GPRC5D)是目前MM患者的一个有前景的治疗靶点,与GPRC5D CAR-T相关的Ⅰ期临床研究也都显示出较高的反应率和疗效。文章将对现有的靶向GPRC5D CAR-T细胞最新研究进行综述,旨在通过总结讨论目前不同GPRC5D CAR-T细胞治疗复发难治性MM的研究现状,对今后的临床治疗提供更多参考。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61234002,61322405,61306044)
文摘This paper presents a fully integrated CMOS filterless class D amplifier that can directly hook up lithium battery in mobile application The proposed amplifier embodies a 2-order feedback path architecture instead of direct feedback of output to input of the integrator to decrease the high frequency intermodulation distortion associated with direct feedback and eliminate the integrator input common mode disturbance from the output in ternary modulation.The prototype class D amplifier realized in 0.35μm digital technology achieves a THD+N of 0.02%when delivering 400 m W to an 8Ωload from V_(DD)=3.6 V.The PSRR of the prototype class D amplifier is 80 dB at217 Hz.Furthermore a filterless method that can eliminate the external LC filter is employed which offers great advantages of saving PCB space and lowering system cost.In addition the prototype class D amplifier can operate in large voltage range with V_(DD)range from 2.5 to 4.2V in mobile application.The total area of the amplifier is 1.7mm^2.
文摘Undesirable audio click and pop may be generated in a speaker or headphone.Compared to linear（class A/B/AB） amplifiers,class D amplifiers that comprise of an input stage and a modulation stage are more prone to producing click and pop.This article analyzes sources that generate click and pop in class D amplifiers,and corresponding ways to suppress them.For a class D amplifier with a single-ended input,click and pop is likely to be due to two factors.One is from a voltage difference（KDIF） between the voltage of an input capacitance（Vcin） and a reference voltage（Vref） of the input stage,and the other one is from the non-linear switching during the setting up of the bias and feedback voltages/currents（BFVC） of the modulation stage.In this article,a fast charging loop is introduced into the input stage to charge F_（CIN） to roughly near VREF.Then a correction loop further charges or discharges V_（CIN）,substantially equalizing it with KREF.Dummy switches are introduced into the modulation stage to provide switching signals for setting up BFVC,and the power switches are disabled until the BFVC are set up successfully.A two channel single-ended class D amplifier with the above features is fabricated with 0.5μm Bi-CMOS process.Road test and fast Fourier transform analysis indicate that there is no noticeable click and pop.
文摘This paper investigates the noise sources in a single-ended class D amplifier（SECDA） and suggests corresponding ways to lower the noise.The total output noise could be expressed as a function of the gain and noises from different sources.According to the function,the bias voltage（V_B） is a primary noise source,especially for a SECDA with a large gain.A low noise SECDA is obtained by integrating a filter into the SECDA to lower the noise of the V_B.The filter utilizes an active resister and an 80 pF capacitance to get a 3 Hz pole.A noise test and fast Fourier transform analysis show that the noise performance of this SECDA is the same as that of a SECDA with an external filter.
文摘嵌合抗原受体T细胞(chimeric antigen receptor T cells,CAR-T)的出现使得多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)患者的治疗进入了一个新的阶段,但大多数患者都难逃原发耐药或疾病复发的不良结局。G蛋白偶联受体C类5组成员D(G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member D,GPRC5D)是目前MM患者的一个有前景的治疗靶点,与GPRC5D CAR-T相关的Ⅰ期临床研究也都显示出较高的反应率和疗效。文章将对现有的靶向GPRC5D CAR-T细胞最新研究进行综述,旨在通过总结讨论目前不同GPRC5D CAR-T细胞治疗复发难治性MM的研究现状,对今后的临床治疗提供更多参考。
