In recent years, clapping synchronization between individuals has been widely studied as one of the typical synchronization phenomena. In this paper, we aim to reveal the synchronization mechanism of clapping interact...In recent years, clapping synchronization between individuals has been widely studied as one of the typical synchronization phenomena. In this paper, we aim to reveal the synchronization mechanism of clapping interactions by observing two individuals’ clapping rhythms in a series of experiments. We find that the two synchronizing clapping rhythm series exhibit long-range cross-correlations(LRCCs);that is, the interaction of clapping rhythms can be seen as a strong-anticipation process. Previous studies have demonstrated that the interactions in local timescales or global matching in statistical structures of fluctuation in long timescales can be sources of the strong-anticipation process. However, the origin of the strong anticipation process often appears elusive in many complex systems. Here, we find that the clapping synchronization process may result from the local interaction between two clapping individuals and may result from the more global coordination between two clapping individuals. We introduce two stochastic models for mutually interacting clapping individuals that generate the LRCCs and prove theoretically that the generation of clapping synchronization process needs to consider both local interaction and global matching. This study provides a statistical framework for studying the internal synchronization mechanism of other complex systems. Our theoretical model can also be applied to study the dynamics of other complex systems with the LRCCs, including finance, transportation, and climate.展开更多
Federico Giner是一个深深融入几代人记忆的品牌。它的课桌椅陪伴了无数西班牙人度过校园时光,已成为学校家具领域的经典标杆。如今,在Clap Studio为其设计的位于Tavernes de la Valldigna的新总部中,延续品牌初心,用同样的关怀,为员工...Federico Giner是一个深深融入几代人记忆的品牌。它的课桌椅陪伴了无数西班牙人度过校园时光,已成为学校家具领域的经典标杆。如今,在Clap Studio为其设计的位于Tavernes de la Valldigna的新总部中,延续品牌初心,用同样的关怀,为员工创造了一个工作与休憩平衡、宁静中孕育专注与创意的空间。整个空间被构想为一场沉浸式的“云中漫步”,灵感源于长途飞行时,飞机穿越云层、逐渐被云雾包围的瞬间。这一概念在主楼层得到充分体现,这里集合了办公区与展厅,笼罩着温暖而宁静的氛围。展开更多
Utilizing combined active and passive microwave signals at different frequencies provides complementary information of soil and vegetation physical states for ecosystem monitoring.We present here a prototype of a unif...Utilizing combined active and passive microwave signals at different frequencies provides complementary information of soil and vegetation physical states for ecosystem monitoring.We present here a prototype of a unified multi-frequency backscatter and emission simulator called the Community Land Active Passive Microwave Radiative Transfer Modeling Platform(CLAP).By assessing CLAP’s performance using in situ and satellite multi-frequency measurements of grassland backscatter and emission at the Maqu site,the impacts of different grass properties(i.e.,structure,water,and temperature dynamics)and soil conditions(i.e.,varied moisture and temperature profiles)are investigated.Results indicate that CLAP with cylinder parameterization for vegetation representation simulates grassland backscatter at X-and C-bands better than the disc parameterization does(e.g.,root mean square errors[RMSEs]of 2.1 vs.3.7 dB)during summer.Dynamic vegetation water content(VWC)partially explains diurnal variations of observed signals at low frequencies,while changes in vegetation temperature predominantly affect high-frequency signals.The study also reveals that grassland optical depth is frequency-dependent,with diurnal variation linked to VWC irrespective of frequency.CLAP using the cylinder parameterization and either the in situ measurements or the process model outputs simulates well the observed C-band backscatter at vertical transmit/vertical receive polarization(e.g.,RMSE of 1.9 dB)during winter,while it cannot simulate signal dynamics at other bands during this period.Achieving consistent matches between CLAP modeled and observed signals across all frequencies,particularly for both passive and active signals,remains challenging.The limitations discussed in the study shed light on future directions to enhance CLAP’s modeling capability.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11765008,71731002,and 11775034)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.20202ACBL201004)。
文摘In recent years, clapping synchronization between individuals has been widely studied as one of the typical synchronization phenomena. In this paper, we aim to reveal the synchronization mechanism of clapping interactions by observing two individuals’ clapping rhythms in a series of experiments. We find that the two synchronizing clapping rhythm series exhibit long-range cross-correlations(LRCCs);that is, the interaction of clapping rhythms can be seen as a strong-anticipation process. Previous studies have demonstrated that the interactions in local timescales or global matching in statistical structures of fluctuation in long timescales can be sources of the strong-anticipation process. However, the origin of the strong anticipation process often appears elusive in many complex systems. Here, we find that the clapping synchronization process may result from the local interaction between two clapping individuals and may result from the more global coordination between two clapping individuals. We introduce two stochastic models for mutually interacting clapping individuals that generate the LRCCs and prove theoretically that the generation of clapping synchronization process needs to consider both local interaction and global matching. This study provides a statistical framework for studying the internal synchronization mechanism of other complex systems. Our theoretical model can also be applied to study the dynamics of other complex systems with the LRCCs, including finance, transportation, and climate.
文摘Federico Giner是一个深深融入几代人记忆的品牌。它的课桌椅陪伴了无数西班牙人度过校园时光,已成为学校家具领域的经典标杆。如今,在Clap Studio为其设计的位于Tavernes de la Valldigna的新总部中,延续品牌初心,用同样的关怀,为员工创造了一个工作与休憩平衡、宁静中孕育专注与创意的空间。整个空间被构想为一场沉浸式的“云中漫步”,灵感源于长途飞行时,飞机穿越云层、逐渐被云雾包围的瞬间。这一概念在主楼层得到充分体现,这里集合了办公区与展厅,笼罩着温暖而宁静的氛围。
基金This work is carried out under the MINERVA:MIcrowaves for a New Era of Remote sensing of Vegetation for Agricultural monitoring project funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research(NWO)Partnerships for Space Instruments&Applications Preparatory Programme(PIPP)(KNW19001)NWO SMAP Freeze-Thaw project(ALW-GO/14-29)the European Space Agency and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the P.R.China(ESAMOST)Dragon project.
文摘Utilizing combined active and passive microwave signals at different frequencies provides complementary information of soil and vegetation physical states for ecosystem monitoring.We present here a prototype of a unified multi-frequency backscatter and emission simulator called the Community Land Active Passive Microwave Radiative Transfer Modeling Platform(CLAP).By assessing CLAP’s performance using in situ and satellite multi-frequency measurements of grassland backscatter and emission at the Maqu site,the impacts of different grass properties(i.e.,structure,water,and temperature dynamics)and soil conditions(i.e.,varied moisture and temperature profiles)are investigated.Results indicate that CLAP with cylinder parameterization for vegetation representation simulates grassland backscatter at X-and C-bands better than the disc parameterization does(e.g.,root mean square errors[RMSEs]of 2.1 vs.3.7 dB)during summer.Dynamic vegetation water content(VWC)partially explains diurnal variations of observed signals at low frequencies,while changes in vegetation temperature predominantly affect high-frequency signals.The study also reveals that grassland optical depth is frequency-dependent,with diurnal variation linked to VWC irrespective of frequency.CLAP using the cylinder parameterization and either the in situ measurements or the process model outputs simulates well the observed C-band backscatter at vertical transmit/vertical receive polarization(e.g.,RMSE of 1.9 dB)during winter,while it cannot simulate signal dynamics at other bands during this period.Achieving consistent matches between CLAP modeled and observed signals across all frequencies,particularly for both passive and active signals,remains challenging.The limitations discussed in the study shed light on future directions to enhance CLAP’s modeling capability.
