The tropical timber trade faces significant sustainability challenges,including deforestation,illegal logging,and inadequate traceability.Inaccurate species identification further complicates these issues,leading to u...The tropical timber trade faces significant sustainability challenges,including deforestation,illegal logging,and inadequate traceability.Inaccurate species identification further complicates these issues,leading to unreliable trade statistics and enforcement challenges.The Lacey Act Amendment(LAA)of 2008 mandated declaring scientific names for timber shipments entering the United States.Therefore,this study assessed the implementation of the LAA using data obtained through a Freedom of Information Act request to the United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for 4 tropical timber species including Keruing,Meranti,Acajou d’Afrique,and Mahogany from Indonesia,Malaysia,Brazil,Philippines,Cameroon,Ghana,Congo,Cote d’Ivoire,and Bolivia,with high rates of illegal logging.This study showed that the United States imported 49 species of Keruing species group,126 species of Meranti species group,6 species of Acajou d’Afrique species group,and 2 species of Mahogany species group during 2017-2023.Despite mandatory declarations,approximately 14.60%of timber import records lacked species-specific names.Conservation assessments identified 37 species of Keruing species group and 68 species of Meranti species group listed as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)but absent from the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora(CITES).Moreover,the principal component analysis(PCA)indicated that the first principal component was primarily driven by import value and import volume,reflecting the overall trade prominence,while the second principal component captured temporal pattern through import year.Further,this study developed a Trade-Adjusted Conservation Priority Index(TACPI)that integrated conservation status with trade prominence to prioritize species at risk.Species with high TACPI scores,such as Dipterocarpus coriaceus and Shorea balangeran,were identified as urgently needing regulatory focus.To strengthen sustainable trade and conservation,it is recommended to enforce the LAA more strictly,expand timber identification technologies,and mandate key supplier countries,who are the CITES’signatories,to list high-risk species in the CITES appendices.展开更多
遗传资源是21世纪的战略资源之一,是当代国际谈判中的热点问题。本文首先分析了《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Faunaand Flora,CITES)的运作机制、该公约涉及的...遗传资源是21世纪的战略资源之一,是当代国际谈判中的热点问题。本文首先分析了《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Faunaand Flora,CITES)的运作机制、该公约涉及的遗传资源管理的条款及其对我国遗传资源管理的影响,简要回顾了我国在CITES履约与遗传资源方面的立法和管理现状,指出我国遗传资源管理领域亟待解决管理部门过多、立法不足、缺少明确的对外政策和国家战略、资源本底情况不详、产权划分不清、没有建立有利于野生动植物遗传资源保护与利用的经济调控机制等问题。最后,我们提出了制定国家战略、建立遗传资源的协调管理机制、将遗传资源保护问题纳入相关法规、开展野生动植物遗传资源状况调查、建立有利于遗传资源保护的经济机制等解决对策。展开更多
随着民用航空运输规模快速增长,智慧民航背景下的民航安保工作逐步转向开放式、全流程的自助服务,日益复杂的安全需求亦决定了传统安保向智能化安保的转变趋势。目前,国内外学者对智能化民航安保展开了大量研究,为系统把握智能化民航安...随着民用航空运输规模快速增长,智慧民航背景下的民航安保工作逐步转向开放式、全流程的自助服务,日益复杂的安全需求亦决定了传统安保向智能化安保的转变趋势。目前,国内外学者对智能化民航安保展开了大量研究,为系统把握智能化民航安保的研究热点和发展趋势,以中国知网和Web of Science核心集合数据库中1229篇智能化民航安保研究相关文献为数据源,利用CiteSpace软件,从国家和机构分布、主要期刊来源分布、关键词聚类以及关键词突现等方面进行可视化文献计量分析,总结并探讨该领域的研究热点和发展趋势。研究表明:(1)1998—2021年,国内外学者对智能化民航安保的研究趋势基本一致,总体发文量呈波动式上涨,自2019年起有所降低;(2)从国家和机构分布来看,发文量最多的国家为中国和美国,共占比37.04%,欧洲国家在该领域的研究合作更为密切;国内主要研究机构包括中国民航大学、中国民航科学技术研究院、中国民用航空飞行学院等,国外主要研究机构包括荷兰代尔夫特理工大学、美国伊利诺伊大学等;(3)该领域的热点主题包括民用航空营运安全保卫研究、民用机场安全保卫研究和安全检查研究,其中,仿真技术和网络信息安全是民用航空营运安全保卫的热点研究方向,应急疏散和基于主体的模型(agent-based modeling,ABM)是民用机场安全保卫的热点研究方向,旅客差异化、毫米波安检门、机器学习与现有安检技术结合是安全检查的热点研究方向,我国在智能化民航安保领域经济分析和网络信息安全方面的研究有待加强;(4)智能识别技术在预警和报警方面的研究、仿真技术结合虚拟现实技术进行安保人员培训或演练的研究值得关注。网络信息安全和安全评价模型的优化是当前智能化民航安保研究的主流趋势。展开更多
基金United States Endowment for Forestry and Communities in coordination with the Northern Forest Center for partial funding(No.91093)of the project.
文摘The tropical timber trade faces significant sustainability challenges,including deforestation,illegal logging,and inadequate traceability.Inaccurate species identification further complicates these issues,leading to unreliable trade statistics and enforcement challenges.The Lacey Act Amendment(LAA)of 2008 mandated declaring scientific names for timber shipments entering the United States.Therefore,this study assessed the implementation of the LAA using data obtained through a Freedom of Information Act request to the United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for 4 tropical timber species including Keruing,Meranti,Acajou d’Afrique,and Mahogany from Indonesia,Malaysia,Brazil,Philippines,Cameroon,Ghana,Congo,Cote d’Ivoire,and Bolivia,with high rates of illegal logging.This study showed that the United States imported 49 species of Keruing species group,126 species of Meranti species group,6 species of Acajou d’Afrique species group,and 2 species of Mahogany species group during 2017-2023.Despite mandatory declarations,approximately 14.60%of timber import records lacked species-specific names.Conservation assessments identified 37 species of Keruing species group and 68 species of Meranti species group listed as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)but absent from the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora(CITES).Moreover,the principal component analysis(PCA)indicated that the first principal component was primarily driven by import value and import volume,reflecting the overall trade prominence,while the second principal component captured temporal pattern through import year.Further,this study developed a Trade-Adjusted Conservation Priority Index(TACPI)that integrated conservation status with trade prominence to prioritize species at risk.Species with high TACPI scores,such as Dipterocarpus coriaceus and Shorea balangeran,were identified as urgently needing regulatory focus.To strengthen sustainable trade and conservation,it is recommended to enforce the LAA more strictly,expand timber identification technologies,and mandate key supplier countries,who are the CITES’signatories,to list high-risk species in the CITES appendices.
文摘遗传资源是21世纪的战略资源之一,是当代国际谈判中的热点问题。本文首先分析了《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Faunaand Flora,CITES)的运作机制、该公约涉及的遗传资源管理的条款及其对我国遗传资源管理的影响,简要回顾了我国在CITES履约与遗传资源方面的立法和管理现状,指出我国遗传资源管理领域亟待解决管理部门过多、立法不足、缺少明确的对外政策和国家战略、资源本底情况不详、产权划分不清、没有建立有利于野生动植物遗传资源保护与利用的经济调控机制等问题。最后,我们提出了制定国家战略、建立遗传资源的协调管理机制、将遗传资源保护问题纳入相关法规、开展野生动植物遗传资源状况调查、建立有利于遗传资源保护的经济机制等解决对策。
文摘随着民用航空运输规模快速增长,智慧民航背景下的民航安保工作逐步转向开放式、全流程的自助服务,日益复杂的安全需求亦决定了传统安保向智能化安保的转变趋势。目前,国内外学者对智能化民航安保展开了大量研究,为系统把握智能化民航安保的研究热点和发展趋势,以中国知网和Web of Science核心集合数据库中1229篇智能化民航安保研究相关文献为数据源,利用CiteSpace软件,从国家和机构分布、主要期刊来源分布、关键词聚类以及关键词突现等方面进行可视化文献计量分析,总结并探讨该领域的研究热点和发展趋势。研究表明:(1)1998—2021年,国内外学者对智能化民航安保的研究趋势基本一致,总体发文量呈波动式上涨,自2019年起有所降低;(2)从国家和机构分布来看,发文量最多的国家为中国和美国,共占比37.04%,欧洲国家在该领域的研究合作更为密切;国内主要研究机构包括中国民航大学、中国民航科学技术研究院、中国民用航空飞行学院等,国外主要研究机构包括荷兰代尔夫特理工大学、美国伊利诺伊大学等;(3)该领域的热点主题包括民用航空营运安全保卫研究、民用机场安全保卫研究和安全检查研究,其中,仿真技术和网络信息安全是民用航空营运安全保卫的热点研究方向,应急疏散和基于主体的模型(agent-based modeling,ABM)是民用机场安全保卫的热点研究方向,旅客差异化、毫米波安检门、机器学习与现有安检技术结合是安全检查的热点研究方向,我国在智能化民航安保领域经济分析和网络信息安全方面的研究有待加强;(4)智能识别技术在预警和报警方面的研究、仿真技术结合虚拟现实技术进行安保人员培训或演练的研究值得关注。网络信息安全和安全评价模型的优化是当前智能化民航安保研究的主流趋势。
