Circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors are promising in gas path monitoring due to their advantages of non-intrusiveness and easy installation. The spatial sensitivity and filtering effect are two important perform...Circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors are promising in gas path monitoring due to their advantages of non-intrusiveness and easy installation. The spatial sensitivity and filtering effect are two important performance parameters. In this paper, an analytically mathematical model of induced charge on a circular thin-plate electrode is first derived. Then the spatial sensitivity and filtering effect of the circular electrostatic sensor are investigated by numerical calculations. Finally,experimental studies are performed to testify the theoretical results. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors act as a low-pass filter in the spatial frequency domain, and both the spatial filtering effect and the temporal frequency response characteristics depend strongly on the spatial position and velocity of the charged particle. These conclusions can provide guidelines for the optimal design of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors.展开更多
The escalating accumulation of agro-industrial waste—exceeding 350 million tons annually from post-harvest residues,food processing,and aquaculture—poses serious environmental threats,including greenhouse gas emissi...The escalating accumulation of agro-industrial waste—exceeding 350 million tons annually from post-harvest residues,food processing,and aquaculture—poses serious environmental threats,including greenhouse gas emissions,groundwater contamination,and excessive landfill usage.Although conventional treatment methods such as composting,incineration,and recycling offer partial mitigation,they often fall short of delivering scalable,circular solutions.Microbial biorefineries have emerged as a transformative approach,enabling the conversion of diverse biomass streams into high-value renewable materials.Through microbial fermentation,agricultural and municipal waste can be repurposed into functional outputs such as nanocellulose,biochar,and biocompatible compounds with applications in packaging,pharmaceuticals,and cosmetics.This review critically examines the role of microbial systems in agro-waste valorization,highlighting recent advances in strain engineering,process integration,and bioproduct development.It also explores the regulatory and techno-economic frameworks required to scale these innovations within a biomass-driven circular economy,positioning microbial biorefineries as key enablers of sustainable material transitions.展开更多
The circular economy is an innovative concept of both production and consumption.It can reduce wastage,preserve resources,and minimize environmental effects with the help of recycling,recovering resources,and extendin...The circular economy is an innovative concept of both production and consumption.It can reduce wastage,preserve resources,and minimize environmental effects with the help of recycling,recovering resources,and extending the life of products.It works as a pathway to reduce environmental footprints by redesigning production-consumption systems.This review critically examines global circular economy strategies,policy approaches,and persistent barriers that shape environmental footprint outcomes across major sectors.Drawing on a structured narrative review and thematic synthesis,we integrate findings on key circular economy practices,Eco-design,product life extension,reuse,re-manufacturing,recycling,and resource recovery,and assess how they interact with policy instruments such as extended producer responsibility,ecodesign requirements,and waste governance reforms.The analysis highlights that reported benefits(e.g.,reduced material throughput,waste generation,and emissions)are frequently constrained by technological limitations(complex material streams,low-quality recyclate,energy-intensive processing),economic conditions(high upfront costs,weak markets for secondary materials,commodity price volatility),and institutional and behavioral factors(regulatory fragmentation,limited enforcement capacity,low consumer acceptance).We further synthesize methodological challenges in measuring“circularity”and footprint reductions,emphasizing boundary choices,rebound effects,and trade-offs such as increased energy demand or land and water pressures in bio-based substitution.By linking circular economy strategies,barriers,and outcomes in an integrative conceptual framework,the review clarifies why circular transitions often deliver partial gains and identifies leverage points for scaling effective,evidence-based policy and practice.展开更多
The concepts of the circular economy(CE)are actively popularized as ways of minimizing waste products and the need to rely on virgin resources.Nevertheless,their sustainability is doubtful at a general level where eco...The concepts of the circular economy(CE)are actively popularized as ways of minimizing waste products and the need to rely on virgin resources.Nevertheless,their sustainability is doubtful at a general level where ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services(ES)are not given explicit attention.This review will combine both conceptual and empirical evidence of the connection between CE interventions and ES outcomes to enable more sustainable management of resources.We describe the effects of the CE strategies on the key environmental pressure pathways,altering ecosystem conditions,and impacting the delivery of regulating,provisioning,and cultural ecosystem services using a pressure condition-service framework.Analysis reveals that demand-side reduction and product life-extension strategies tend to offer more consistent ecosystem service co-benefits than recycling and recovery strategies because they do not involve production,and will cause less disturbance to the upstream environment.Contrastingly,recycling and recovery sustainability performance is highly dependent on the sources of energy,intensity of processing,and the safety of materials.Bio-based circularity has the potential to increase soil functionality and nutrient cycling,and mass application will result in trade-offs in terms of land competition and nutrient leakage.The sectoral analysis identifies the unique opportunities and threats in the agri-food systems,the built environment,plastics and textiles,electronics and critical minerals,and water and wastewater systems in terms of the burden displacement,local environmental pressures,and equity concerns.Harmonized reporting,coupled with supply-chain and spatial ecological assessment,threshold-conscious strategies that promote safe and regenerative circular systems should be put into the line of future research.展开更多
Stroke-induced alterations in cerebral blood flow trigger neurovascular remodeling,as manifested by the blood-brain barrier dysfunction and subs equent neurovascular repair activities such as angiogenesis.This process...Stroke-induced alterations in cerebral blood flow trigger neurovascular remodeling,as manifested by the blood-brain barrier dysfunction and subs equent neurovascular repair activities such as angiogenesis.This process involves neurovascular communication that facilitates the transport of mediators among cerebrovascular endothelial cells,pericytes,glial cells,and neurons,thereby transmitting signals from donor to recipient cells to elicit a collaborative response.展开更多
In order to study morphological diversity of codling moth, Cydia pomonella （L.） using thin-plate spline analysis, nine geographical populations from four north western provinces of Iran namely East Azarbayjan, West ...In order to study morphological diversity of codling moth, Cydia pomonella （L.） using thin-plate spline analysis, nine geographical populations from four north western provinces of Iran namely East Azarbayjan, West Azarbayjan, Ardebil and Zandjan were collected during 2003 and 2004. 575 and 564 images were prepared from fore and hind wings, respectively. Then 15 and 11 landmarks were determined from fore and hind wings, respectively. With transforming of landmark＇s two dimensional coordinate data into partial warp scores, 26 and 18 scores were generated for fore and hind wings, respectively. Cluster analysis based on wing shape variables using Ward＇s algorithm assigned nine geographical populations into two groups. The pattern of grouping based on fore and hind wings was different in both sexes. Principal component analysis revealed discrimination between geographic populations and confirmed the result of cluster analysis. Among environmental parameters, wind speed showed the highest correlation with wing shape variables. Non significant correlation was observed between geographic and morphological distance matrices as revealed by Mantel test.展开更多
The development of sustainable sludge management systems requires looking at them with a new vision in which the concepts of SD(Sustainable Development)must integrate those of CE(Circular Economy),both concepts subjec...The development of sustainable sludge management systems requires looking at them with a new vision in which the concepts of SD(Sustainable Development)must integrate those of CE(Circular Economy),both concepts subject to the principles of TD(Thermodynamics),thus allowing the adoption of actions that are all the more effective the more complete the evaluation of the social dimension has been.This involves a new“Way of thinking”which sees the sludge system as the“Locomotive”of the entire wastewater/sludge treatment train and is developed through“Ways of acting”which includes both“Technical”actions to maximize recoveries of useful materials and/or or energy,and“Socio/Institutional”actions to overcome barriers linked to local cultures and traditions,also considering that the specific local context heavily influences the choices capable of satisfying the concepts of CE.It follows the need of issuing realistic and applicable regulations and overcoming social barriers,such as lack of infrastructure and/or qualified personnel,to achieve an effective integration of the concepts of CE with the more general ones of sustainability.展开更多
Urban areas worldwide face escalating challenges in managing municipal solid waste (MSW) due to rapid urbanization, population growth, and changing consumption patterns. Inefficient waste management systems contribute...Urban areas worldwide face escalating challenges in managing municipal solid waste (MSW) due to rapid urbanization, population growth, and changing consumption patterns. Inefficient waste management systems contribute to environmental degradation, public health risks, and resource depletion, underscoring the need for innovative solutions. This review employing AI-driven sorting technologies in urban waste management as a transformative framework for sustainable MSW management, emphasizing waste reduction, resource recovery, and closed-loop systems. The paper synthesizes existing literature, case studies, and technological advancements to explore strategies for integrating CE principles into MSW management. Key areas of focus include the application of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data analytics;advancements in waste-to-resource technologies;the development of scalable and adaptable CE models tailored to diverse urban contexts;and fostering collaboration among governments, private sectors, and communities. Findings highlight the potential of CE frameworks to minimize waste generation, enhance resource efficiency, and create resilient urban systems. However, significant barriers remain, including technological, financial, and policy challenges. The review concludes by identifying future research directions and actionable recommendations for stakeholders, aiming to advance the global transition toward sustainable urban waste management.展开更多
To address the challenges of varied aircraft skin hole detection types and susceptibility to noise,this paper proposes a method based on the perspective of dual contour edge information fusion.The core method combines...To address the challenges of varied aircraft skin hole detection types and susceptibility to noise,this paper proposes a method based on the perspective of dual contour edge information fusion.The core method combines stereoscopic vision and structured light dual contour information consistently,focusing on extracting edge point information around the hole edge to achieve precise detection of circular holes.In this approach,a line multi-directional gradient feature detector (LMGFD) is introduced for locating the holes from plane stereoscopic image.Furthermore,we establish a three-dimensional (3D) circular hole detection method (BPCircle) based on the dual contour edge information fusion.Finally,experiments demonstrate that our proposed method achieves superior accuracy and robustness based on public benchmark dataset and our own collected standard IPCDS dataset (including two-dimensional (2D)images,3D point clouds,and measured data of three-coordinate measuring machine).The dataset and code can be found from https://github.com/Nicholsdqw/123.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Circulating biomarkers for sepsis are lacking,and research on circular RNAs(circR NAs)as potential biomarkers of pneumonia-induced sepsis is limited.This study aims to investigate the diagnostic and prognos...BACKGROUND:Circulating biomarkers for sepsis are lacking,and research on circular RNAs(circR NAs)as potential biomarkers of pneumonia-induced sepsis is limited.This study aims to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic potential of circRNAs in patients with pneumonia-induced sepsis.METHODS:This prospective cohort study included 40 healthy individuals,60 patients with pneumonia,and 80 patients with pneumonia-induced sepsis.CircRNAs identified through RNA-sequencing were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the associations between circRNAs,inflammatory markers,Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)scores,and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health EvaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ)scores.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves analysis were used to assess the diagnostic performance of circRNAs,while ROC curves and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to evaluate their prognostic value of 28-day mortality.RESULTS:qRT-PCR confirmed the significant upregulation of Circ-CTD-2281E23.2 and downregulation of Circ-0075723 and Circ-0008679 in sepsis patients.Spearman correlation analysis showed that Circ-CTD-2281E23.2 was positively correlated with inflammatory markers and severity scores,whereas Circ-0075723 and Circ-0008679 were negatively correlated with these parameters.The area under the curve(AUC)values for Circ-CTD-2281E23.2,Circ-0075723,and Circ-0008679 in diagnosing pneumonia-induced sepsis were 0.728,0.706,and 0.793,respectively.The combination of these circRNAs(AUC=0.846)and the combination with other clinical indicators(AUC=0.990)demostrated enhanced AUC values.The AUC values for Circ-CTD-2281E23.2 and Circ-0075723 in predicting 28-day mortality were 0.664 and 0.765,respectively.CONCLUSION:This study suggest the additional diagnostic and prognostic value of circRNAs in pneumonia-induced sepsis.Circ-CTD-2281E23.2,Circ-0075723,and Circ-0008679 exhibit diagnostic potential,with Circ-CTD-2281E23.2 and Circ-0075723 showing positive prognostic value for 28-day mortality in sepsis patients.展开更多
Active matter exhibits collective motions at various scales.Geometric confinement has been identified as an effective way to control and manipulate active fluids,with much attention given to external factors.However,t...Active matter exhibits collective motions at various scales.Geometric confinement has been identified as an effective way to control and manipulate active fluids,with much attention given to external factors.However,the impact of the inherent properties of active particles on collective motion under confined conditions remains elusive.Here,we use a highly tunable active nematics model to study active systems under confinement,focusing on the effect of the self-driven speed of active particles.We identify three distinct states characterized by unique particle and flow fields within confined active nematic systems,among which circular rotation emerges as a collective motion involving rotational movement in both particle and flow fields.The theoretical phase diagram shows that increasing the self-driven speed of active particles significantly enhances the region of the circular rotation state and improves its stability.Our results provide insights into the formation of high quality vortices in confined active nematic systems.展开更多
Global acoustic simulations are significant in revealing the internal and physical structure of the Earth.However,due to the limited flexibility of grids and the difficulties in handling boundaries,the traditional fin...Global acoustic simulations are significant in revealing the internal and physical structure of the Earth.However,due to the limited flexibility of grids and the difficulties in handling boundaries,the traditional finite-difference method(FDM)is usually less used in global simulations.Nevertheless,these issues can be well resolved by employing a multi-block structured grid to discretize circular regions.In this paper,we propose an O-H grid approach to partition the circular region and utilize the curvilinear grid finite-difference method(CGFDM)to solve the acoustic wave equation within this circular domain.By appropriately stretching the grid,the interconnections between each grid block are sufficiently smooth for stable information exchange.To verify the efficacy of this method,we conducted three numerical experiments,by comparing results with alternative approaches.Our test results demonstrate good agreement between our findings and the reference solutions.Since the proposed algorithm can effectively solve wave propagation problems in circular regions,it can contribute to 2D global simulation,particularly in interpreting the Earth’s interior.展开更多
Layered rock formations are frequently encountered during the excavation of underground structures. The stability of such structures is influenced not only by the stress concentration caused by the cavities in the str...Layered rock formations are frequently encountered during the excavation of underground structures. The stability of such structures is influenced not only by the stress concentration caused by the cavities in the strata but also by the anisotropy of the layered rock mass. The interaction between them can lead to critical structural failure, such as rupture, collapse, or significant deformation within the adjacent rock mass, thereby jeopardizing operational safety. However, the coupling law and mechanism between the stress concentration resulting from the cavities and the anisotropy of a layered rock mass remain unclear. In this study, a uniaxial compression test was performed on shale specimens containing a circular hole to investigate the effects of layer inclination and circular holes on the mechanical properties, elastic energy storage, and failure behaviors of these specimens. The failure mechanism of the rock surrounding the hole was analyzed on the basis of the single plane of weakness theory and the Kirsch solution. The test results indicated pronounced anisotropy in the compressive strength, elastic modulus, and elastic strain energy of the specimens, with distinct “V”, “M” and “U”-shaped patterns correlated with varying layer inclination angles. In addition, the combined effect of stress concentration and layer inclination resulted in different failure types, which were classified into four groups according to their failure behavior. Theoretical analysis revealed that failure around circular holes in layered rock is affected by a range of variables, such as layer inclination, layer strength, lateral pressure coefficient, azimuth, and loading stress.展开更多
Sustainable alternatives have grown more prevalent due to an urgent need to address climate change,environmental degradation,and the depletion of non-renewable resources.As an inexhaustible and renewable resource,biom...Sustainable alternatives have grown more prevalent due to an urgent need to address climate change,environmental degradation,and the depletion of non-renewable resources.As an inexhaustible and renewable resource,biomass has become an attractive option for energy production within the framework of a circular economy that emphasizes resource efficiency and environmental sustainability.Various kinds and sources of biomass,from forestry waste and agricultural residue to animal dung and microalgae,are fully explored in this mini review,along with their potential for biofuel production in both developed and developing countries.The processes for thermochemical and biochemical conversion,the sustainability of using biomass,and the socioeconomic advantages,especially for African countries,are highlighted.Key case studies demonstrating the value and potential of biomass waste in promoting sustainable energy transitions worldwide are also discussed in this review.Despite its potential,the use of biomass is restricted due to challenges including low conversion efficiency,high transportation costs,seasonal variability,and insufficient advancements in technology.Nonetheless,biomass offers an innovative approach for developing an environmentally friendly,efficient,and low-carbon economy that promotes sustainable development and energy security.Holistic approaches,such as increased regional cooperation,capacity building,technical innovation,and policy reform,must be implemented to address existing challenges.展开更多
Owing to eccentricity and inclination, circularity of a cylindrical workpiece cannot be measured precisely by a circularity measuring machine when the workpiece has a small dimension(diameter ≤ 3 mm). In this paper, ...Owing to eccentricity and inclination, circularity of a cylindrical workpiece cannot be measured precisely by a circularity measuring machine when the workpiece has a small dimension(diameter ≤ 3 mm). In this paper, with the aim of solving this problem, circularity metrology of a small cylindrical workpiece using a segmenting scanning method is analyzed. The cross-sectional circle of the cylinder is segmented into several equivalent arcs for measurement by a two-dimensional coordinate measuring machine(profilometer). The circularity contour is obtained by stitching together arc contours obtained by data processing of the coordinates. Different segmenting patterns for coordinate scanning are considered. Measurement results are presented for three segmentation patterns, with 8, 10, and 12 equal segments, respectively.These results are evaluated in terms of the matching coefficient between neighboring arc contours on circumferential stitching, the Euclidean distance between neighboring arc contours on radial stitching, and the curvature of the arcs. From these evaluations, it is found that as the number of segments is increased, the matching coefficient increases from 0.14 to 0.50, the Euclidean distance decreases from 32 nm to 26 nm,and the curvature becomes close to the standard value.展开更多
Odd elasticity introduces active moduli to the antisymmetric components of the elastic tensor,which describe the asymmetric coupling between different deformation modes in a medium and quantify the work extracted duri...Odd elasticity introduces active moduli to the antisymmetric components of the elastic tensor,which describe the asymmetric coupling between different deformation modes in a medium and quantify the work extracted during quasi-static strain cycles.The introduction of active moduli renders the elastic tensor non-Hermitian,breaking the Maxwell-Betti reciprocity and enabling the observation of phenomena that cannot occur in traditional passive media.Here,we develop an analytical dynamic model for odd elastic circular plates to investigate the effects of odd elasticity on motion in rotationally symmetric geometries.We report a novel nonreciprocal rotating wave and explore the effects of different odd elastic moduli on chiral deformation.Nonreciprocal rotating waves represent a distinct dynamic mode,exhibiting unidirectional propagation with amplitude increasing or decreasing exclusively along a specific direction.The amplitude change during motion reveals the system’s non-conservation of energy.展开更多
Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are a distinct type of nonlinear and noncoding RNAs endogenously expressed by pre-mRNA back-splicing and crucial in transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation.CircRNAs can regulate cellu...Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are a distinct type of nonlinear and noncoding RNAs endogenously expressed by pre-mRNA back-splicing and crucial in transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation.CircRNAs can regulate cellular and molecular pathways through various mechanisms,such as microRNA sponging.Numerous studies have indicated the regulatory roles of circRNAs in the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells(SCs)isolated from different sources.Dental tissue-derived mesenchymal SCs(MSCs)have received considerable attention in artificial bone engineering,in which SCs are used to manufacture functional bone tissues to repair bone defects.Recently,studies have reported the regulatory roles of circRNAs in the osteogenic differentiation of dental-derived MSCs,such as apical papillae,dental pulp,and dental follicle SCs.This review aimed to discuss the findings of studies evaluating the contribution of circRNAs to the osteogenic differentiation of dental-derived MSCs.展开更多
Linear mRNA vaccines are constrained by exonuclease susceptibility and instability,leading to compromised antigen expression.Circular RNA(circRNA) lacking canonical 5' and 3' untranslated regions demonstrates ...Linear mRNA vaccines are constrained by exonuclease susceptibility and instability,leading to compromised antigen expression.Circular RNA(circRNA) lacking canonical 5' and 3' untranslated regions demonstrates intrinsic exonuclease resistance.Current circularization strategies face three principal limitations:chemical methods produce non-native 2',5'-phosphodiester bonds;ribozyme-mediated approaches are restricted to RNA fragments shorter than 500 nucleotides;the Anabaena Group I intron system retains immunogenic exon sequences.In contrast,the self-splicing Group I intron ribozyme from Tetrahymena enables precisely controlled circularization through autonomous structural rearrangement,yielding exonfree constructs.Through optimized purification protocols,historical scalability challenges are systematically addressed.This Perspective establishes the mechanistic rationale and therapeutic superiority of this engineered RNA circularization platform.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51275520,50805142)
文摘Circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors are promising in gas path monitoring due to their advantages of non-intrusiveness and easy installation. The spatial sensitivity and filtering effect are two important performance parameters. In this paper, an analytically mathematical model of induced charge on a circular thin-plate electrode is first derived. Then the spatial sensitivity and filtering effect of the circular electrostatic sensor are investigated by numerical calculations. Finally,experimental studies are performed to testify the theoretical results. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors act as a low-pass filter in the spatial frequency domain, and both the spatial filtering effect and the temporal frequency response characteristics depend strongly on the spatial position and velocity of the charged particle. These conclusions can provide guidelines for the optimal design of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors.
基金The authors would like to thank the Postgraduate Research Grant(PGRG)by Universiti Malaysia Terengganu[UMT/PGRG/2024/55527]for the financial support.
文摘The escalating accumulation of agro-industrial waste—exceeding 350 million tons annually from post-harvest residues,food processing,and aquaculture—poses serious environmental threats,including greenhouse gas emissions,groundwater contamination,and excessive landfill usage.Although conventional treatment methods such as composting,incineration,and recycling offer partial mitigation,they often fall short of delivering scalable,circular solutions.Microbial biorefineries have emerged as a transformative approach,enabling the conversion of diverse biomass streams into high-value renewable materials.Through microbial fermentation,agricultural and municipal waste can be repurposed into functional outputs such as nanocellulose,biochar,and biocompatible compounds with applications in packaging,pharmaceuticals,and cosmetics.This review critically examines the role of microbial systems in agro-waste valorization,highlighting recent advances in strain engineering,process integration,and bioproduct development.It also explores the regulatory and techno-economic frameworks required to scale these innovations within a biomass-driven circular economy,positioning microbial biorefineries as key enablers of sustainable material transitions.
文摘The circular economy is an innovative concept of both production and consumption.It can reduce wastage,preserve resources,and minimize environmental effects with the help of recycling,recovering resources,and extending the life of products.It works as a pathway to reduce environmental footprints by redesigning production-consumption systems.This review critically examines global circular economy strategies,policy approaches,and persistent barriers that shape environmental footprint outcomes across major sectors.Drawing on a structured narrative review and thematic synthesis,we integrate findings on key circular economy practices,Eco-design,product life extension,reuse,re-manufacturing,recycling,and resource recovery,and assess how they interact with policy instruments such as extended producer responsibility,ecodesign requirements,and waste governance reforms.The analysis highlights that reported benefits(e.g.,reduced material throughput,waste generation,and emissions)are frequently constrained by technological limitations(complex material streams,low-quality recyclate,energy-intensive processing),economic conditions(high upfront costs,weak markets for secondary materials,commodity price volatility),and institutional and behavioral factors(regulatory fragmentation,limited enforcement capacity,low consumer acceptance).We further synthesize methodological challenges in measuring“circularity”and footprint reductions,emphasizing boundary choices,rebound effects,and trade-offs such as increased energy demand or land and water pressures in bio-based substitution.By linking circular economy strategies,barriers,and outcomes in an integrative conceptual framework,the review clarifies why circular transitions often deliver partial gains and identifies leverage points for scaling effective,evidence-based policy and practice.
文摘The concepts of the circular economy(CE)are actively popularized as ways of minimizing waste products and the need to rely on virgin resources.Nevertheless,their sustainability is doubtful at a general level where ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services(ES)are not given explicit attention.This review will combine both conceptual and empirical evidence of the connection between CE interventions and ES outcomes to enable more sustainable management of resources.We describe the effects of the CE strategies on the key environmental pressure pathways,altering ecosystem conditions,and impacting the delivery of regulating,provisioning,and cultural ecosystem services using a pressure condition-service framework.Analysis reveals that demand-side reduction and product life-extension strategies tend to offer more consistent ecosystem service co-benefits than recycling and recovery strategies because they do not involve production,and will cause less disturbance to the upstream environment.Contrastingly,recycling and recovery sustainability performance is highly dependent on the sources of energy,intensity of processing,and the safety of materials.Bio-based circularity has the potential to increase soil functionality and nutrient cycling,and mass application will result in trade-offs in terms of land competition and nutrient leakage.The sectoral analysis identifies the unique opportunities and threats in the agri-food systems,the built environment,plastics and textiles,electronics and critical minerals,and water and wastewater systems in terms of the burden displacement,local environmental pressures,and equity concerns.Harmonized reporting,coupled with supply-chain and spatial ecological assessment,threshold-conscious strategies that promote safe and regenerative circular systems should be put into the line of future research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82171344(to ZY),82471313(to CKT)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China,Nos.2023B1515120035,2024A1515012035(to CKT)The Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou Nos.2025A03J4169(to ZY)。
文摘Stroke-induced alterations in cerebral blood flow trigger neurovascular remodeling,as manifested by the blood-brain barrier dysfunction and subs equent neurovascular repair activities such as angiogenesis.This process involves neurovascular communication that facilitates the transport of mediators among cerebrovascular endothelial cells,pericytes,glial cells,and neurons,thereby transmitting signals from donor to recipient cells to elicit a collaborative response.
文摘In order to study morphological diversity of codling moth, Cydia pomonella （L.） using thin-plate spline analysis, nine geographical populations from four north western provinces of Iran namely East Azarbayjan, West Azarbayjan, Ardebil and Zandjan were collected during 2003 and 2004. 575 and 564 images were prepared from fore and hind wings, respectively. Then 15 and 11 landmarks were determined from fore and hind wings, respectively. With transforming of landmark＇s two dimensional coordinate data into partial warp scores, 26 and 18 scores were generated for fore and hind wings, respectively. Cluster analysis based on wing shape variables using Ward＇s algorithm assigned nine geographical populations into two groups. The pattern of grouping based on fore and hind wings was different in both sexes. Principal component analysis revealed discrimination between geographic populations and confirmed the result of cluster analysis. Among environmental parameters, wind speed showed the highest correlation with wing shape variables. Non significant correlation was observed between geographic and morphological distance matrices as revealed by Mantel test.
文摘The development of sustainable sludge management systems requires looking at them with a new vision in which the concepts of SD(Sustainable Development)must integrate those of CE(Circular Economy),both concepts subject to the principles of TD(Thermodynamics),thus allowing the adoption of actions that are all the more effective the more complete the evaluation of the social dimension has been.This involves a new“Way of thinking”which sees the sludge system as the“Locomotive”of the entire wastewater/sludge treatment train and is developed through“Ways of acting”which includes both“Technical”actions to maximize recoveries of useful materials and/or or energy,and“Socio/Institutional”actions to overcome barriers linked to local cultures and traditions,also considering that the specific local context heavily influences the choices capable of satisfying the concepts of CE.It follows the need of issuing realistic and applicable regulations and overcoming social barriers,such as lack of infrastructure and/or qualified personnel,to achieve an effective integration of the concepts of CE with the more general ones of sustainability.
文摘Urban areas worldwide face escalating challenges in managing municipal solid waste (MSW) due to rapid urbanization, population growth, and changing consumption patterns. Inefficient waste management systems contribute to environmental degradation, public health risks, and resource depletion, underscoring the need for innovative solutions. This review employing AI-driven sorting technologies in urban waste management as a transformative framework for sustainable MSW management, emphasizing waste reduction, resource recovery, and closed-loop systems. The paper synthesizes existing literature, case studies, and technological advancements to explore strategies for integrating CE principles into MSW management. Key areas of focus include the application of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data analytics;advancements in waste-to-resource technologies;the development of scalable and adaptable CE models tailored to diverse urban contexts;and fostering collaboration among governments, private sectors, and communities. Findings highlight the potential of CE frameworks to minimize waste generation, enhance resource efficiency, and create resilient urban systems. However, significant barriers remain, including technological, financial, and policy challenges. The review concludes by identifying future research directions and actionable recommendations for stakeholders, aiming to advance the global transition toward sustainable urban waste management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Youth (No.62303330)。
文摘To address the challenges of varied aircraft skin hole detection types and susceptibility to noise,this paper proposes a method based on the perspective of dual contour edge information fusion.The core method combines stereoscopic vision and structured light dual contour information consistently,focusing on extracting edge point information around the hole edge to achieve precise detection of circular holes.In this approach,a line multi-directional gradient feature detector (LMGFD) is introduced for locating the holes from plane stereoscopic image.Furthermore,we establish a three-dimensional (3D) circular hole detection method (BPCircle) based on the dual contour edge information fusion.Finally,experiments demonstrate that our proposed method achieves superior accuracy and robustness based on public benchmark dataset and our own collected standard IPCDS dataset (including two-dimensional (2D)images,3D point clouds,and measured data of three-coordinate measuring machine).The dataset and code can be found from https://github.com/Nicholsdqw/123.
基金supported by grants from the municipal Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Scientific Committee of China(22ZR1451000 to TL)the peak supporting clinical discipline of Shanghai Health Bureau(2023ZDFC0104 to TL)+3 种基金the key clinical discipline of Shanghai Pudong Health Bureau(PWZxk2022-17 to TL)the clinical peak discipline of Shanghai Pudong Heath Bureau(PWYgf2021-03)the top-notch innovative medical talents of Shanghai Pudong Health Bureau(2025PDWSYCBJ-03 to TL)the leading medical talent project of Shanghai Pudong Heath Bureau(PWR12020-07 to LS)。
文摘BACKGROUND:Circulating biomarkers for sepsis are lacking,and research on circular RNAs(circR NAs)as potential biomarkers of pneumonia-induced sepsis is limited.This study aims to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic potential of circRNAs in patients with pneumonia-induced sepsis.METHODS:This prospective cohort study included 40 healthy individuals,60 patients with pneumonia,and 80 patients with pneumonia-induced sepsis.CircRNAs identified through RNA-sequencing were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the associations between circRNAs,inflammatory markers,Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)scores,and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health EvaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ)scores.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves analysis were used to assess the diagnostic performance of circRNAs,while ROC curves and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to evaluate their prognostic value of 28-day mortality.RESULTS:qRT-PCR confirmed the significant upregulation of Circ-CTD-2281E23.2 and downregulation of Circ-0075723 and Circ-0008679 in sepsis patients.Spearman correlation analysis showed that Circ-CTD-2281E23.2 was positively correlated with inflammatory markers and severity scores,whereas Circ-0075723 and Circ-0008679 were negatively correlated with these parameters.The area under the curve(AUC)values for Circ-CTD-2281E23.2,Circ-0075723,and Circ-0008679 in diagnosing pneumonia-induced sepsis were 0.728,0.706,and 0.793,respectively.The combination of these circRNAs(AUC=0.846)and the combination with other clinical indicators(AUC=0.990)demostrated enhanced AUC values.The AUC values for Circ-CTD-2281E23.2 and Circ-0075723 in predicting 28-day mortality were 0.664 and 0.765,respectively.CONCLUSION:This study suggest the additional diagnostic and prognostic value of circRNAs in pneumonia-induced sepsis.Circ-CTD-2281E23.2,Circ-0075723,and Circ-0008679 exhibit diagnostic potential,with Circ-CTD-2281E23.2 and Circ-0075723 showing positive prognostic value for 28-day mortality in sepsis patients.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2022YFA1405000Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology under Grant No.2024ZD0300101the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.12274212,12174184,12347102。
文摘Active matter exhibits collective motions at various scales.Geometric confinement has been identified as an effective way to control and manipulate active fluids,with much attention given to external factors.However,the impact of the inherent properties of active particles on collective motion under confined conditions remains elusive.Here,we use a highly tunable active nematics model to study active systems under confinement,focusing on the effect of the self-driven speed of active particles.We identify three distinct states characterized by unique particle and flow fields within confined active nematic systems,among which circular rotation emerges as a collective motion involving rotational movement in both particle and flow fields.The theoretical phase diagram shows that increasing the self-driven speed of active particles significantly enhances the region of the circular rotation state and improves its stability.Our results provide insights into the formation of high quality vortices in confined active nematic systems.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF0800602)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geophysical High-resolution Imaging Technology(No.2022B1212010002)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.KQTD20170810111725321).
文摘Global acoustic simulations are significant in revealing the internal and physical structure of the Earth.However,due to the limited flexibility of grids and the difficulties in handling boundaries,the traditional finite-difference method(FDM)is usually less used in global simulations.Nevertheless,these issues can be well resolved by employing a multi-block structured grid to discretize circular regions.In this paper,we propose an O-H grid approach to partition the circular region and utilize the curvilinear grid finite-difference method(CGFDM)to solve the acoustic wave equation within this circular domain.By appropriately stretching the grid,the interconnections between each grid block are sufficiently smooth for stable information exchange.To verify the efficacy of this method,we conducted three numerical experiments,by comparing results with alternative approaches.Our test results demonstrate good agreement between our findings and the reference solutions.Since the proposed algorithm can effectively solve wave propagation problems in circular regions,it can contribute to 2D global simulation,particularly in interpreting the Earth’s interior.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2244099)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023T0025)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52074020).
文摘Layered rock formations are frequently encountered during the excavation of underground structures. The stability of such structures is influenced not only by the stress concentration caused by the cavities in the strata but also by the anisotropy of the layered rock mass. The interaction between them can lead to critical structural failure, such as rupture, collapse, or significant deformation within the adjacent rock mass, thereby jeopardizing operational safety. However, the coupling law and mechanism between the stress concentration resulting from the cavities and the anisotropy of a layered rock mass remain unclear. In this study, a uniaxial compression test was performed on shale specimens containing a circular hole to investigate the effects of layer inclination and circular holes on the mechanical properties, elastic energy storage, and failure behaviors of these specimens. The failure mechanism of the rock surrounding the hole was analyzed on the basis of the single plane of weakness theory and the Kirsch solution. The test results indicated pronounced anisotropy in the compressive strength, elastic modulus, and elastic strain energy of the specimens, with distinct “V”, “M” and “U”-shaped patterns correlated with varying layer inclination angles. In addition, the combined effect of stress concentration and layer inclination resulted in different failure types, which were classified into four groups according to their failure behavior. Theoretical analysis revealed that failure around circular holes in layered rock is affected by a range of variables, such as layer inclination, layer strength, lateral pressure coefficient, azimuth, and loading stress.
文摘Sustainable alternatives have grown more prevalent due to an urgent need to address climate change,environmental degradation,and the depletion of non-renewable resources.As an inexhaustible and renewable resource,biomass has become an attractive option for energy production within the framework of a circular economy that emphasizes resource efficiency and environmental sustainability.Various kinds and sources of biomass,from forestry waste and agricultural residue to animal dung and microalgae,are fully explored in this mini review,along with their potential for biofuel production in both developed and developing countries.The processes for thermochemical and biochemical conversion,the sustainability of using biomass,and the socioeconomic advantages,especially for African countries,are highlighted.Key case studies demonstrating the value and potential of biomass waste in promoting sustainable energy transitions worldwide are also discussed in this review.Despite its potential,the use of biomass is restricted due to challenges including low conversion efficiency,high transportation costs,seasonal variability,and insufficient advancements in technology.Nonetheless,biomass offers an innovative approach for developing an environmentally friendly,efficient,and low-carbon economy that promotes sustainable development and energy security.Holistic approaches,such as increased regional cooperation,capacity building,technical innovation,and policy reform,must be implemented to address existing challenges.
基金supported by the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China(Grant No.JCKY2019427D002).
文摘Owing to eccentricity and inclination, circularity of a cylindrical workpiece cannot be measured precisely by a circularity measuring machine when the workpiece has a small dimension(diameter ≤ 3 mm). In this paper, with the aim of solving this problem, circularity metrology of a small cylindrical workpiece using a segmenting scanning method is analyzed. The cross-sectional circle of the cylinder is segmented into several equivalent arcs for measurement by a two-dimensional coordinate measuring machine(profilometer). The circularity contour is obtained by stitching together arc contours obtained by data processing of the coordinates. Different segmenting patterns for coordinate scanning are considered. Measurement results are presented for three segmentation patterns, with 8, 10, and 12 equal segments, respectively.These results are evaluated in terms of the matching coefficient between neighboring arc contours on circumferential stitching, the Euclidean distance between neighboring arc contours on radial stitching, and the curvature of the arcs. From these evaluations, it is found that as the number of segments is increased, the matching coefficient increases from 0.14 to 0.50, the Euclidean distance decreases from 32 nm to 26 nm,and the curvature becomes close to the standard value.
基金The Innovative Projects of Key Disciplines of Civil Engineering of Changsha University of Science and Technology,24ZDXK07,Andi Lai。
文摘Odd elasticity introduces active moduli to the antisymmetric components of the elastic tensor,which describe the asymmetric coupling between different deformation modes in a medium and quantify the work extracted during quasi-static strain cycles.The introduction of active moduli renders the elastic tensor non-Hermitian,breaking the Maxwell-Betti reciprocity and enabling the observation of phenomena that cannot occur in traditional passive media.Here,we develop an analytical dynamic model for odd elastic circular plates to investigate the effects of odd elasticity on motion in rotationally symmetric geometries.We report a novel nonreciprocal rotating wave and explore the effects of different odd elastic moduli on chiral deformation.Nonreciprocal rotating waves represent a distinct dynamic mode,exhibiting unidirectional propagation with amplitude increasing or decreasing exclusively along a specific direction.The amplitude change during motion reveals the system’s non-conservation of energy.
文摘Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are a distinct type of nonlinear and noncoding RNAs endogenously expressed by pre-mRNA back-splicing and crucial in transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation.CircRNAs can regulate cellular and molecular pathways through various mechanisms,such as microRNA sponging.Numerous studies have indicated the regulatory roles of circRNAs in the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells(SCs)isolated from different sources.Dental tissue-derived mesenchymal SCs(MSCs)have received considerable attention in artificial bone engineering,in which SCs are used to manufacture functional bone tissues to repair bone defects.Recently,studies have reported the regulatory roles of circRNAs in the osteogenic differentiation of dental-derived MSCs,such as apical papillae,dental pulp,and dental follicle SCs.This review aimed to discuss the findings of studies evaluating the contribution of circRNAs to the osteogenic differentiation of dental-derived MSCs.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(Nos.2021YFC2302400,2021YFA1201000,2023YFC2606004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2022CX01013)。
文摘Linear mRNA vaccines are constrained by exonuclease susceptibility and instability,leading to compromised antigen expression.Circular RNA(circRNA) lacking canonical 5' and 3' untranslated regions demonstrates intrinsic exonuclease resistance.Current circularization strategies face three principal limitations:chemical methods produce non-native 2',5'-phosphodiester bonds;ribozyme-mediated approaches are restricted to RNA fragments shorter than 500 nucleotides;the Anabaena Group I intron system retains immunogenic exon sequences.In contrast,the self-splicing Group I intron ribozyme from Tetrahymena enables precisely controlled circularization through autonomous structural rearrangement,yielding exonfree constructs.Through optimized purification protocols,historical scalability challenges are systematically addressed.This Perspective establishes the mechanistic rationale and therapeutic superiority of this engineered RNA circularization platform.
