Vertically-suspended environmental enrichment has been shown to produce improvements in fish growth during hatchery rearing in circular tanks. This study documented the effects of a novel suspended structure on the ve...Vertically-suspended environmental enrichment has been shown to produce improvements in fish growth during hatchery rearing in circular tanks. This study documented the effects of a novel suspended structure on the velocity profile of a 3.63-m diameter circular tank containing juvenile landlocked fall Chinook salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</em>) at two different densities (9.0 and 34.3 kg/m<sup>3</sup>). The addition of vertically-suspended structure to the tank significantly decreased velocities at nearly every sampling point, with velocities typically dropping from 15 cm/s without structure to less than 6 cm/s when structure was present. Fish density also significantly impacted in-tank velocities, with an inverse relationship observed between the density of fish and water velocity. Significant interactions were present among the presence or absence of structure and fish density. When structure and fish were absent, the velocity at the edge of the tank was 15.63 cm/s, which was significantly higher than the 4.75 cm/s velocity when both structure and the lower fish density were added, which was in turn significantly higher than the 2.29 cm/s velocity observed with structure and higher fish density. Despite the potentially unique features of this study, vertically-suspended environmental enrichment and the presence of fish clearly alter circular tank water velocities, which may at least partially explain the improvements in fish rearing performance observed with the use of suspended structure.展开更多
The inclusion of vertically-suspended environmental enrichment in circular tanks has produced substantial benefits during fish rearing. This study examined the tank water velocity profiles of four different vertically...The inclusion of vertically-suspended environmental enrichment in circular tanks has produced substantial benefits during fish rearing. This study examined the tank water velocity profiles of four different vertically-suspended structures?(rod array, extended rod array, single angle array, double angle array) and a control (no environmental enrichment) at two incoming water velocities (18.3 cm/s and 54.9 cm/s) in 1.8-m diameter circular tanks. At both of the incoming water velocities, overall water velocities throughout the tank were significantly reduced with the addition of any environmental enrichment in comparison to the control. In addition, the overall water velocities in the double angle array were significantly lower than the other three enrichment treatments. The pattern of significant reductions in velocity with the use of any environmental enrichment, with further significant velocity reductions in the double angle treatment, was repeated when the data were?combined for each sampling depth, radius from the center, and degree (circular arc). Although considerable variation in water velocity was observed at each specific sampling location with both incoming velocities, significantly lower velocities?were observed at nearly every sampling location with the addition of any environmental enrichment to the circular tank. In addition, the double angle array consistently produced the lowest velocities among the environmental enrichment treatments. The changes in velocity profiles from vertically-suspended?environmental enrichment may be at least partially-responsible for the frequently-observed improvements in fish growth.展开更多
The multidimensional modal theory proposed by Faltinsen, et al. （2000） is applied to solve liquid nonlinear free sloshing in right circular cylindrical tank for the first time. After selecting the leading modes and ...The multidimensional modal theory proposed by Faltinsen, et al. （2000） is applied to solve liquid nonlinear free sloshing in right circular cylindrical tank for the first time. After selecting the leading modes and fixing the order of magnitudes based on the Narimanov-Moiseev third order asymptotic hypothesis, the general infinite dimensional modal system is reduced to a five dimensional asymptotic modal system （the system of second order nonlinear ordinary differential equations coupling the generalized time dependent coordinates of free surface wave elevation）. The numerical integrations of this modal system discover most important nonlinear phenomena, which agree well with both pervious analytic theories and experimental observations. The results indicate that the multidimensional modal method is a very good tool for solving liquid nonlinear sloshing dynamics and will be developed to investigate more complex sloshing problem in our following work.展开更多
Although an important part of the natural environment of fish, overhead cover is usually absent during hatchery rearing. To evaluate the possible influence of overhead cover on juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta hatche...Although an important part of the natural environment of fish, overhead cover is usually absent during hatchery rearing. To evaluate the possible influence of overhead cover on juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta hatchery rearing performance, this study compared three different cover treatments: near-full (98%) cover, partial (65%) cover, and no cover (completely open). After 12 weeks of rearing in 1.8 m-diameter circular tanks, total tank weight gain was significantly greater and feed conversion ratios were significantly less in tanks of brown trout that were either partially or near-totally covered, in comparison to those tanks that were completely open. The viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, and splenosomatic index values were not significantly different among any of the treatments. Fin condition indices were also not significantly different. The use of either partial or full covers is recommended to maximize brown trout rearing efficiencies, with full covers providing the additional benefit of preventing fish from jumping out of the tanks.展开更多
Simulation of solitary wave run-up on a vertical circular cylinder is carried out in a viscous numerical wave tank developed based on the open source codes Open FOAM. An incompressible two-phase flow solver naoe-FOAM-...Simulation of solitary wave run-up on a vertical circular cylinder is carried out in a viscous numerical wave tank developed based on the open source codes Open FOAM. An incompressible two-phase flow solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU is used to solve the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes（RANS） equations with the SST k ？？ turbulence model. The PISO algorithm is utilized for the pressure-velocity coupling. The air-water interface is captured via Volume of Fluid（VOF） technique. The present numerical model is validated by simulating the solitary wave run-up and reflected against a vertical wall, and solitary wave run-up on a vertical circular cylinder. Comparisons between numerical results and available experimental data show satisfactory agreement. Furthermore, simulations are carried out to study the solitary wave run-up on the cylinder with different incident wave height H and different cylinder radius a. The relationships of the wave run-up height with the incident wave height H, cylinder radius a are analyzed. The evolutions of the scattering free surface and vortex shedding are also presented to give a better understanding of the process of nonlinear wave-cylinder interaction.展开更多
文摘Vertically-suspended environmental enrichment has been shown to produce improvements in fish growth during hatchery rearing in circular tanks. This study documented the effects of a novel suspended structure on the velocity profile of a 3.63-m diameter circular tank containing juvenile landlocked fall Chinook salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</em>) at two different densities (9.0 and 34.3 kg/m<sup>3</sup>). The addition of vertically-suspended structure to the tank significantly decreased velocities at nearly every sampling point, with velocities typically dropping from 15 cm/s without structure to less than 6 cm/s when structure was present. Fish density also significantly impacted in-tank velocities, with an inverse relationship observed between the density of fish and water velocity. Significant interactions were present among the presence or absence of structure and fish density. When structure and fish were absent, the velocity at the edge of the tank was 15.63 cm/s, which was significantly higher than the 4.75 cm/s velocity when both structure and the lower fish density were added, which was in turn significantly higher than the 2.29 cm/s velocity observed with structure and higher fish density. Despite the potentially unique features of this study, vertically-suspended environmental enrichment and the presence of fish clearly alter circular tank water velocities, which may at least partially explain the improvements in fish rearing performance observed with the use of suspended structure.
文摘The inclusion of vertically-suspended environmental enrichment in circular tanks has produced substantial benefits during fish rearing. This study examined the tank water velocity profiles of four different vertically-suspended structures?(rod array, extended rod array, single angle array, double angle array) and a control (no environmental enrichment) at two incoming water velocities (18.3 cm/s and 54.9 cm/s) in 1.8-m diameter circular tanks. At both of the incoming water velocities, overall water velocities throughout the tank were significantly reduced with the addition of any environmental enrichment in comparison to the control. In addition, the overall water velocities in the double angle array were significantly lower than the other three enrichment treatments. The pattern of significant reductions in velocity with the use of any environmental enrichment, with further significant velocity reductions in the double angle treatment, was repeated when the data were?combined for each sampling depth, radius from the center, and degree (circular arc). Although considerable variation in water velocity was observed at each specific sampling location with both incoming velocities, significantly lower velocities?were observed at nearly every sampling location with the addition of any environmental enrichment to the circular tank. In addition, the double angle array consistently produced the lowest velocities among the environmental enrichment treatments. The changes in velocity profiles from vertically-suspended?environmental enrichment may be at least partially-responsible for the frequently-observed improvements in fish growth.
基金Project supported by the National Defense Pre-research Foundation of‘Tenth Five-Year-Plan’of China (No.41320020301)
文摘The multidimensional modal theory proposed by Faltinsen, et al. （2000） is applied to solve liquid nonlinear free sloshing in right circular cylindrical tank for the first time. After selecting the leading modes and fixing the order of magnitudes based on the Narimanov-Moiseev third order asymptotic hypothesis, the general infinite dimensional modal system is reduced to a five dimensional asymptotic modal system （the system of second order nonlinear ordinary differential equations coupling the generalized time dependent coordinates of free surface wave elevation）. The numerical integrations of this modal system discover most important nonlinear phenomena, which agree well with both pervious analytic theories and experimental observations. The results indicate that the multidimensional modal method is a very good tool for solving liquid nonlinear sloshing dynamics and will be developed to investigate more complex sloshing problem in our following work.
文摘Although an important part of the natural environment of fish, overhead cover is usually absent during hatchery rearing. To evaluate the possible influence of overhead cover on juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta hatchery rearing performance, this study compared three different cover treatments: near-full (98%) cover, partial (65%) cover, and no cover (completely open). After 12 weeks of rearing in 1.8 m-diameter circular tanks, total tank weight gain was significantly greater and feed conversion ratios were significantly less in tanks of brown trout that were either partially or near-totally covered, in comparison to those tanks that were completely open. The viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, and splenosomatic index values were not significantly different among any of the treatments. Fin condition indices were also not significantly different. The use of either partial or full covers is recommended to maximize brown trout rearing efficiencies, with full covers providing the additional benefit of preventing fish from jumping out of the tanks.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51379125,51411130131,and 11432009)Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning(Grant No.2013022)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,Grant No.2013CB036103)
文摘Simulation of solitary wave run-up on a vertical circular cylinder is carried out in a viscous numerical wave tank developed based on the open source codes Open FOAM. An incompressible two-phase flow solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU is used to solve the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes（RANS） equations with the SST k ？？ turbulence model. The PISO algorithm is utilized for the pressure-velocity coupling. The air-water interface is captured via Volume of Fluid（VOF） technique. The present numerical model is validated by simulating the solitary wave run-up and reflected against a vertical wall, and solitary wave run-up on a vertical circular cylinder. Comparisons between numerical results and available experimental data show satisfactory agreement. Furthermore, simulations are carried out to study the solitary wave run-up on the cylinder with different incident wave height H and different cylinder radius a. The relationships of the wave run-up height with the incident wave height H, cylinder radius a are analyzed. The evolutions of the scattering free surface and vortex shedding are also presented to give a better understanding of the process of nonlinear wave-cylinder interaction.
