Formic and acetic acids are the most abundant gaseous organic acids and play the key role in the atmospheric chemistry.In iodine-adduct chemical ionizationmass spectrometry(CIMS),the low utilization efficiency of meth...Formic and acetic acids are the most abundant gaseous organic acids and play the key role in the atmospheric chemistry.In iodine-adduct chemical ionizationmass spectrometry(CIMS),the low utilization efficiency of methyl iodide and humidity interference are two major issues of the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)lamp initiated CIMS for on-line gaseous formic and acetic acids analysis.In this work,we present a new CIMS based on VUV lamp,and the ion-molecular reactor is separated into photoionization and chemical ionization zones by a reducer electrode.Acetone was added to the photoionization zone,and the VUV photoionization acetone provided low-energy electrons for methyl iodide to generate I−,and the addition of acetone reduced the amount of methyl iodide by 2/3.In the chemical ionization zone,a headspace vial containing ultrapure water was added for humidity calibration,and the vial changes the sensitivity as a function of humidity from ambiguity to well linear correlation(R2>0.95).With humidity calibration,the CIMS can quantitatively measure formic and acetic acids in the humidity range of 0%-88%RH.In this mode,limits of detection of 10 and 50 pptv are obtained for formic and acetic acids,respectively.And the relative standard deviation(RSD)of quantitation stability for 6 days were less than 10.5%.This CIMS was successfully used to determine the formic and acetic acids in the underground parking and ambient environment of the Shandong University campus(Qingdao,China).In addition,we developed a simple model based formic acid concentration to assess vehicular emissions.展开更多
According to the Japanese Ministry of Health,Labour,and Welfare,14.2%of people were aged>75 years in Japan in 2018,and this number continues to rise.With population aging,the incidence of congestive heart failure(C...According to the Japanese Ministry of Health,Labour,and Welfare,14.2%of people were aged>75 years in Japan in 2018,and this number continues to rise.With population aging,the incidence of congestive heart failure(CHF)is also increasing.[1–3]Reports have shown that the presence of cognitive impairment(CI)in patients with CHF is associated with poor prognosis,[4–6]and the degree of CI is related to CHF severity.展开更多
Two metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),trans-[Co(L)(μ_(2)-H_(2)O)(H_(2)O)2]·2H_(2)O(1)and cis-[Mn(L)(Bipy)](2)(H_(2)L=2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid,Bipy=4,4'-bipyridine),have been synthesi...Two metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),trans-[Co(L)(μ_(2)-H_(2)O)(H_(2)O)2]·2H_(2)O(1)and cis-[Mn(L)(Bipy)](2)(H_(2)L=2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid,Bipy=4,4'-bipyridine),have been synthesized and character-ized by FTIR,thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction.MOF 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system with a P1 space group and contains two crystallographically different Coions.Each trans-[CoO_(6)]octahedron is connected byμ_(2)-H_(2)O and L^(2-)ligand with a bis(unidentate)coordination mode to produce a 2D sql topological network.MOF 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic system with a C2/c space group.The Mncation adopts a cis-[MnO_(4)N_(2)]octahedron as a 6-connected node and is linked by L^(2-)ligand as a 4-connected node to gener-ate a binodal(4,6)-connected 3D fsc framework.The intermolecular interactions in 1 and 2 have been investigated by 3D Hirshfeld surface analyses and 2D fingerprint plots to reveal that the main interactions are H…H and O…H/H…O contacts in 1,and H…H and C…H/H…C contacts in 2.The TGA indicated that 1 and 2 were stable below 390 and 370℃,respectively.展开更多
Rice(Oryza sativa)is a staple food for more than half of the world's population and a critical crop for global agriculture.Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression in the rice genome is...Rice(Oryza sativa)is a staple food for more than half of the world's population and a critical crop for global agriculture.Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression in the rice genome is fundamental for advancing agricultural productivity and food security.In mechanism,cis-regulatory elements(including promoters,enhancers,silencers,and insulators)are key DNA sequences whose activities determine the spatial and temporal expression patterns of nearby genes(Yocca and Edger,2022;Schmitz et al.,2022).展开更多
This study examines the translation methods employed by Xu Yuanchong in his English translation of the Chu ci with a specific focus on the treatment of reduplicatives.Reduplicatives in the Chinese language,known for t...This study examines the translation methods employed by Xu Yuanchong in his English translation of the Chu ci with a specific focus on the treatment of reduplicatives.Reduplicatives in the Chinese language,known for their intricate nature of meaning and rhythmic qualities,pose a great challenge in translation due to the lack of equivalent structures in English.The paper investigates how Xu Yuanchong navigates these challenges by employing various strategies,including repetition,onomatopoeia,paraphrase,and literal translation without formal equivalence.Through an analysis of selected examples,the research highlights the difficulties of balancing Xu’s Three Beauties Principle,namely the beauty in sense,sound,and form in translating reduplicatives.The research findings are that,while Xu’s translations sometimes require compromises in sound and form,his nuanced approach ensures that the essence and emotional depth of the original text are effectively conveyed to target readers.This study may contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities involved in translating classical Chinese poetry and offer insights into the interplay between linguistic and cultural elements in literary translation.展开更多
Solving constrained multi-objective optimization problems(CMOPs)is a challenging task due to the presence of multiple conflicting objectives and intricate constraints.In order to better address CMOPs and achieve a bal...Solving constrained multi-objective optimization problems(CMOPs)is a challenging task due to the presence of multiple conflicting objectives and intricate constraints.In order to better address CMOPs and achieve a balance between objectives and constraints,existing constrained multi-objective evolutionary algorithms(CMOEAs)predominantly focus on devising various strategies by leveraging the relationships between objectives and constraints,and the designed strategies usually are effective for the problems with simple constraints.However,these methods most ignore the relationship between decision variables and constraints.In fact,the essence of optimization is to find appropriate decision variables to meet various complex constraints.Therefore,it is hoped that the problem can be analyzed from the perspective of decision variables,so as to obtain more excellent results.Based on the above motivation,this paper proposes a decision variables classification approach,according to the relationship between decision variables and constraints,variables are divided into constraint-related(CR)variables and constraintindependent(CI)variables.Consequently,by optimizing these two types of variables independently,the population can sustain a favorable balance between feasibility and diversity.Furthermore,specific offspring generation strategies are proposed for the two categories of decision variables in order to achieve rapid convergence while maintaining population diversity.Experimental results on 31 test problems as well as 20 real-world problems demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is competitive compared to some state-of-the-art constrained multi-objective optimization algorithms.展开更多
Divergence of gene expression and alter native splicing is a crucial driving force in the evolution of species;to date, however the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Hybrids of closely related species provide a sui...Divergence of gene expression and alter native splicing is a crucial driving force in the evolution of species;to date, however the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Hybrids of closely related species provide a suitable model to analyze allele-specific expressi on (ASE) and allele-specific alter native splicing (ASS). Analysis of ASE and ASS can uncover the differences in cis-regulatory elements between closely related species, while eliminating interferenee of trans-regulatory elements. Here, we provide a detailed characterization of ASE and ASS from 19 and 10 transcriptome datasets across five tissues from reciprocal-cross hybrids of horsex don key (mule/hi nny) and cattlexyak (dzo), respectively. Results showed that 4.8%-8.7% and 10.8%-16.7% of genes exhibited ASE and ASS, respectively. Notably, IncRNAs and pseudogenes were more likely to show ASE than protein-coding genes. In addition, genes showing ASE and ASS in mule/hinny were found to be involved in the regulation of muscle strength, whereas those of dzo were involved in high-altitude adaptati on. In con clusi on, our study dem on strated that explorati on of genes showing ASE and ASS in hybrids of closely related species is feasible for species evolution research.展开更多
基金supported by the National Special Fund for the Development of Major Research Equipment and Instrument(No.2020YFF01014503)the Young Taishan Scholars(No.tsqn201909039)the College 20 Project fromJi Nan Science&Technology Bureau(No.2021GXRC058).
文摘Formic and acetic acids are the most abundant gaseous organic acids and play the key role in the atmospheric chemistry.In iodine-adduct chemical ionizationmass spectrometry(CIMS),the low utilization efficiency of methyl iodide and humidity interference are two major issues of the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)lamp initiated CIMS for on-line gaseous formic and acetic acids analysis.In this work,we present a new CIMS based on VUV lamp,and the ion-molecular reactor is separated into photoionization and chemical ionization zones by a reducer electrode.Acetone was added to the photoionization zone,and the VUV photoionization acetone provided low-energy electrons for methyl iodide to generate I−,and the addition of acetone reduced the amount of methyl iodide by 2/3.In the chemical ionization zone,a headspace vial containing ultrapure water was added for humidity calibration,and the vial changes the sensitivity as a function of humidity from ambiguity to well linear correlation(R2>0.95).With humidity calibration,the CIMS can quantitatively measure formic and acetic acids in the humidity range of 0%-88%RH.In this mode,limits of detection of 10 and 50 pptv are obtained for formic and acetic acids,respectively.And the relative standard deviation(RSD)of quantitation stability for 6 days were less than 10.5%.This CIMS was successfully used to determine the formic and acetic acids in the underground parking and ambient environment of the Shandong University campus(Qingdao,China).In addition,we developed a simple model based formic acid concentration to assess vehicular emissions.
文摘According to the Japanese Ministry of Health,Labour,and Welfare,14.2%of people were aged>75 years in Japan in 2018,and this number continues to rise.With population aging,the incidence of congestive heart failure(CHF)is also increasing.[1–3]Reports have shown that the presence of cognitive impairment(CI)in patients with CHF is associated with poor prognosis,[4–6]and the degree of CI is related to CHF severity.
文摘Two metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),trans-[Co(L)(μ_(2)-H_(2)O)(H_(2)O)2]·2H_(2)O(1)and cis-[Mn(L)(Bipy)](2)(H_(2)L=2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid,Bipy=4,4'-bipyridine),have been synthesized and character-ized by FTIR,thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction.MOF 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system with a P1 space group and contains two crystallographically different Coions.Each trans-[CoO_(6)]octahedron is connected byμ_(2)-H_(2)O and L^(2-)ligand with a bis(unidentate)coordination mode to produce a 2D sql topological network.MOF 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic system with a C2/c space group.The Mncation adopts a cis-[MnO_(4)N_(2)]octahedron as a 6-connected node and is linked by L^(2-)ligand as a 4-connected node to gener-ate a binodal(4,6)-connected 3D fsc framework.The intermolecular interactions in 1 and 2 have been investigated by 3D Hirshfeld surface analyses and 2D fingerprint plots to reveal that the main interactions are H…H and O…H/H…O contacts in 1,and H…H and C…H/H…C contacts in 2.The TGA indicated that 1 and 2 were stable below 390 and 370℃,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070656)。
文摘Rice(Oryza sativa)is a staple food for more than half of the world's population and a critical crop for global agriculture.Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression in the rice genome is fundamental for advancing agricultural productivity and food security.In mechanism,cis-regulatory elements(including promoters,enhancers,silencers,and insulators)are key DNA sequences whose activities determine the spatial and temporal expression patterns of nearby genes(Yocca and Edger,2022;Schmitz et al.,2022).
文摘This study examines the translation methods employed by Xu Yuanchong in his English translation of the Chu ci with a specific focus on the treatment of reduplicatives.Reduplicatives in the Chinese language,known for their intricate nature of meaning and rhythmic qualities,pose a great challenge in translation due to the lack of equivalent structures in English.The paper investigates how Xu Yuanchong navigates these challenges by employing various strategies,including repetition,onomatopoeia,paraphrase,and literal translation without formal equivalence.Through an analysis of selected examples,the research highlights the difficulties of balancing Xu’s Three Beauties Principle,namely the beauty in sense,sound,and form in translating reduplicatives.The research findings are that,while Xu’s translations sometimes require compromises in sound and form,his nuanced approach ensures that the essence and emotional depth of the original text are effectively conveyed to target readers.This study may contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities involved in translating classical Chinese poetry and offer insights into the interplay between linguistic and cultural elements in literary translation.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20340,62176238,62476254,62106230)the Key Research and Development Projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2022YFD2001200)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation Project of Henan Province(242300420277)the Key Research and Development Program of Henan(251111113900)the Frontier Exploration Projects of Longmen Laboratory(LMQYTSKT031)Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Key Laboratory of Big Data Open Fund Project(BDIC-2023-B-005).
文摘Solving constrained multi-objective optimization problems(CMOPs)is a challenging task due to the presence of multiple conflicting objectives and intricate constraints.In order to better address CMOPs and achieve a balance between objectives and constraints,existing constrained multi-objective evolutionary algorithms(CMOEAs)predominantly focus on devising various strategies by leveraging the relationships between objectives and constraints,and the designed strategies usually are effective for the problems with simple constraints.However,these methods most ignore the relationship between decision variables and constraints.In fact,the essence of optimization is to find appropriate decision variables to meet various complex constraints.Therefore,it is hoped that the problem can be analyzed from the perspective of decision variables,so as to obtain more excellent results.Based on the above motivation,this paper proposes a decision variables classification approach,according to the relationship between decision variables and constraints,variables are divided into constraint-related(CR)variables and constraintindependent(CI)variables.Consequently,by optimizing these two types of variables independently,the population can sustain a favorable balance between feasibility and diversity.Furthermore,specific offspring generation strategies are proposed for the two categories of decision variables in order to achieve rapid convergence while maintaining population diversity.Experimental results on 31 test problems as well as 20 real-world problems demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is competitive compared to some state-of-the-art constrained multi-objective optimization algorithms.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572381)National Thousand Youth Talents Plan of the International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of China(2013DFA31420)Science and Technology Innovation Capability Promotion Program of the Science and Technology Department of Qinghai Province(2015-ZJ-712)
文摘Divergence of gene expression and alter native splicing is a crucial driving force in the evolution of species;to date, however the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Hybrids of closely related species provide a suitable model to analyze allele-specific expressi on (ASE) and allele-specific alter native splicing (ASS). Analysis of ASE and ASS can uncover the differences in cis-regulatory elements between closely related species, while eliminating interferenee of trans-regulatory elements. Here, we provide a detailed characterization of ASE and ASS from 19 and 10 transcriptome datasets across five tissues from reciprocal-cross hybrids of horsex don key (mule/hi nny) and cattlexyak (dzo), respectively. Results showed that 4.8%-8.7% and 10.8%-16.7% of genes exhibited ASE and ASS, respectively. Notably, IncRNAs and pseudogenes were more likely to show ASE than protein-coding genes. In addition, genes showing ASE and ASS in mule/hinny were found to be involved in the regulation of muscle strength, whereas those of dzo were involved in high-altitude adaptati on. In con clusi on, our study dem on strated that explorati on of genes showing ASE and ASS in hybrids of closely related species is feasible for species evolution research.
