Image processing plays a vital role in various fields such as autonomous systems,healthcare,and cataloging,especially when integrated with deep learning(DL).It is crucial in medical diagnostics,including the early det...Image processing plays a vital role in various fields such as autonomous systems,healthcare,and cataloging,especially when integrated with deep learning(DL).It is crucial in medical diagnostics,including the early detection of diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),which claimed 3.2 million lives in 2015.COPD,a life-threatening condition often caused by prolonged exposure to lung irritants and smoking,progresses through stages.Early diagnosis through image processing can significantly improve survival rates.COPD encompasses chronic bronchitis(CB)and emphysema;CB particularly increases in smokers and generally affects individuals between 50 and 70 years old.It damages the lungs’air sacs,reducing oxygen transport and causing symptoms like coughing and shortness of breath.Treatments such as beta-agonists and inhaled steroids are used to manage symptoms and prolong lung function.Moreover,COVID-19 poses an additional risk to individuals with CB due to its impact on the respiratory system.The proposed system utilizes convolutional neural networks(CNN)to diagnose CB.In this system,CNN extracts essential and significant features from X-ray modalities,which are then fed into the neural network.The network undergoes training to recognize patterns and make accurate predictions based on the learned features.By leveraging DL techniques,the system aims to enhance the precision and reliability of CB detection.Our research specifically focuses on a subset of 189 lung disease images,carefully selected for model evaluation.To further refine the training process,various data augmentation and noise removal techniques are implemented.These techniques significantly enhance the quality of the training data,improving the model’s robustness and generalizability.As a result,the diagnostic accuracy has improved from 98.6%to 99.2%.This advancement not only validates the efficacy of our proposed model but also represents a significant improvement over existing literature.It highlights the potential of CNN-based approaches in transforming medical diagnostics through refined image analysis,learning capabilities,and automated feature extraction.展开更多
The association between ambient temperature and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis （AECB） was still unknown. Therefore, we performed an epidemiological study in a large hospital of Shanghai to explore the rela...The association between ambient temperature and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis （AECB） was still unknown. Therefore, we performed an epidemiological study in a large hospital of Shanghai to explore the relationship about temperature and outpatient visit for AECB. We adopted a quasi-Poisson generalized additive models and distributed lag nonlinear models to estimate the accumulative effects of temperature on AECB across multiple days. We found significant non-linear effects of cold temperature on hospital visits for AECB, and the potential effect of cold temperature might last more than 2 weeks. The relative risks of extreme cold （first percentiles of temperature throughout the study period） and cold （10th percentile of temperature） temperature over lags 0-14 d were 2.98 [95% confidence intervals （CI）： 1.77, 5.04] and 1.63 （95% Ch 1.21, 2.19）, compared with the 25th percentile of temperature. However, we found no positive association between hospital visits and hot weather. This study showed that exposure to both extreme cold and cold temperatures were associated with increased outpatient visits for AECB in a large hospital of Shanghai.展开更多
Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator （CFTR） gene have been implicated in the onset of cystic fibrosis and other clinical respiratory disorders. In the present study, we investigated t...Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator （CFTR） gene have been implicated in the onset of cystic fibrosis and other clinical respiratory disorders. In the present study, we investigated the role of CFTR variations, poly-T, TG-repeats, and M470V in susceptibility to bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis in a Chinese population in Jiangsu province, China. A total of 72 bronchial asthma patients, 68 chronic bronchitis pa- tients, and 117 healthy subjects were included in this study. The Tn-TGm haplotype was sequenced and the CFTR variant M470V was detected using restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP）. We found that the fre- quency of TS-TG12-V470 in chronic bronchitis patients was 0.07%, which was notably higher than that in healthy subjects （0.01%） and bronchial asthma patients （0.04%）. Thus, the presence of the TS-TG12 haplotype of the CFTR gene is likely to play a role in the development and progression of respiratory conditions, such as chronic bronchitis.展开更多
Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shufeng Jiedu Capsules in the treatment of acute attacks of chronic bronchitis.Methods:CNKI,VIP,CBM,WanFang,PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane Library and ChiCTR wer...Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shufeng Jiedu Capsules in the treatment of acute attacks of chronic bronchitis.Methods:CNKI,VIP,CBM,WanFang,PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane Library and ChiCTR were searched by computer,and randomized controlled trials of Shufeng Jiedu capsules in the treatment of AECB were integrated.The retrieval time was from the date of establishing the database to December 31,2020.Meta-analysis of outcome indicators[including effective rate,C-reactive protein(CRP),lung function[FEV1%and/or FEV1/FVC],interleukin-8(IL-8),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)]were carried out by RevMan 5.3 software,and the effective rate was tested by sequential analysis(TSA),and the quality of evidence was evaluated according to GRADE standards.Results:A total of 680 cases in 8 articles were included.Shufeng Jiedu Capsules improved the effective rate of clinicaltreatment[RR=1.20,95%CI(1.13,1.28)],improved lung function[FEV1:MD=0.33,95%CI(0.22,0.45),FEV1/FVC:MD=10.17,95%CI(8.15,12.19)],reduced CRP[MD=-7.32,95%CI(-8.42,-6.22)],IL-8[MD=-63.39,95%CI(-73.49,-53.29)],TNF-α[MD=-7.44,95%CI(-8.35,-6.53)]levels.The above differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),and no serious adverse reactions were reported in all studies.The results of TSA analysis showed that the experimental group had definite evidence for improving the efficiency.According to the GRADE evaluation system,the efficiency,TNF-αwere medium-quality evidences,FEV1 was low-quality evidence,and FEV1/FVC,CRP,and IL-8 were extremely low-quality evidence.Conclusions:The curative effect of Shufeng Jiedu capsule combined with western medicine in the treatment of AECB was better than that of single western medicine.Nevertheless,considering the limited sample size and the quality of included articles,higher quality RCTs are still needed to further confirm its effectiveness and safety.展开更多
Objectives： To determine whether traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） aerosol inhalation treatment is effective inthe treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Methods： Search double-blind randomised cl...Objectives： To determine whether traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） aerosol inhalation treatment is effective inthe treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Methods： Search double-blind randomised clinical trials（RCT） about the use of TCM aerosol inhalation in patient with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis via database including Chinese biomedicine literature database, Wanfang Data, CNKI, Pubmed, EMBASE and CochraneLibrary from the beginning to October 2016. Quality evaluation, data extraction and data analysis of these RCT wascarried out with reference to the Cochrane systematic review. Results： 16 studies with 738 patients in TCM aerosolinhalation group and 675 in control group were included. The results of meta-analysis showed, （1） TCM aerosolinhalation group could improve the total cure rate. （2） TCM aerosol inhalation could increase the expression of IL-2while decrease the expression of IL-8 and MDA in sputum and blood. （3） TCM aerosol inhalation could improvethe symptoms of cough, cough with sputum, cough with dyspnea and lung wet rales. It also improve the symptomsof cough, expectorate and lung wet rales. （4） Shorten the time of cough and lung rale. （5） The adverse reactionswere light only with 1 occurrence of nausea and vomiting. Conclusions： The use of TCM aerosol inhalation in thetreatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis was effective. However, the inclusion researches quality werenot very high, which only provided limited evidence for clinical application. Higher-quality randomized controlledtrials were needed for further study.展开更多
Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Fifty ying acupuncture therapy for treatment of chronic bronchitis, and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods: A total of 36 out and in patients with chronic bronch...Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Fifty ying acupuncture therapy for treatment of chronic bronchitis, and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods: A total of 36 out and in patients with chronic bronchitis including 10 cases of asthma were subjected into this study. Among them, 20 cases were qi deficiency type and 16 qi yin deficiency with phlegm damp type. The changes of symptoms, T lymphocyte subgroups of CD 3 +, CD 4 +, CD 8 +, CD 4 +/CD 8 +, soluble interleuki 2 receptor (SIL 2 R), interleukin 6(IL 6), IgG, IgA and IgM before and after treatment were observed and detected using monoclonal indirect fluorescence method, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nephelometry respectively. Results: (1)The effective rate of qi dificiency type was 100% and that of qi yin deficiency with phlegm damp type 87.5%. (2) After acupuncture treatment, in qi deficiency type patients, serum IgG, IgA and IgM contents increased significantly (P<0.001) in comparison with pre treatment and in qi yin deficiency with phlegm damp type patients, IgG level lowered obviously. Serum SIL 2R and CD 4 +/CD 8 + decreased obviously (P<0.01, 0.001), CD 3 +, CD 4 + and CD 8 + increased evidently (P<0.01). Conclusion: The Fifty ying acupuncture therapy can better clinical symptoms of chronic bronchitis patients through its resultant up regulation of the immune system function.展开更多
Chronic bronchitis is a clinical common disease,which is a chronic nonspecific inflammation of the tracheal and bronchial mucosa and its surrounding tissues caused by a variety of factors.It is clinically characterize...Chronic bronchitis is a clinical common disease,which is a chronic nonspecific inflammation of the tracheal and bronchial mucosa and its surrounding tissues caused by a variety of factors.It is clinically characterized by symptoms such as cough,excessive phlegm,shortness of breath,and a recurrent chronic process.Chronic bronchitis has a high incidence and severe symptoms in winter.In severe cases,there are long-term clinical symptoms that impact the patient’s spirit and life.At the same time,the disease causes numerous diseases such as emphysema and pulmonary heart disease.Therefore,patients have an essential need for the treatment of chronic bronchitis.This article tells the etiology,treatment methods,process,prevention,and nursing of the disease from the perspective of western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine,respectively.展开更多
Objective: to study and analyze the actual effect of high quality nursing in clinical use of chronic bronchitis in the elderly and to analyze and discuss the use value. Methods: 120 elderly patients with chronic bronc...Objective: to study and analyze the actual effect of high quality nursing in clinical use of chronic bronchitis in the elderly and to analyze and discuss the use value. Methods: 120 elderly patients with chronic bronchitis who were admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. The groups were completed according to the order of admission treatment. Among them, 60 cases received routine care as control group, while the remaining 60 cases received high quality care as the experimental group, and the nursing effects were compared. Results: the quality of life in the experimental group was significantly improved, the level of inflammatory factors was significantly reduced, the nursing satisfaction of patients was significantly improved, and the indexes were statistically significant compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The implementation of high quality nursing for elderly patients with chronic bronchitis can significantly improve the disease process, reduce the level of inflammatory factors, and greatly improve the quality of life of patients, improve the satisfaction of nursing services in departments, and achieve high clinical effect, which has the value of promotion and use.展开更多
Objective: to explore the effect of valsartan in the treatment of chronic bronchitis complicated with hypertension. Methods: 200 patients with chronic bronchitis and hypertension were randomly selected from July 2019 ...Objective: to explore the effect of valsartan in the treatment of chronic bronchitis complicated with hypertension. Methods: 200 patients with chronic bronchitis and hypertension were randomly selected from July 2019 to July 2020. Then, according to the principles of randomness and average, they are explored in groups. One group of patients was treated with nifedipine, which was called the control group, and the other group was treated with valsartan, which was called the experimental group. After a period of treatment, all aspects of the performance of the two groups of patients were compared. Results: before treatment, the blood pressure levels of the two groups of patients were measured. The data showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups. After different treatments, the blood pressure of the two groups of patients was measured and compared again. At this time, the average blood pressure level of the experimental group was better than that of the control group. In addition, the levels of serum inflammatory factors such as CRP and IL-6 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The two groups of patients were evaluated from the adverse reactions. The probability of occurrence in the experimental group was less than that in the control group. The results of comparison between the two groups were significantly different and had a higher reference value. Conclusion: valsartan can be used in the treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis and hypertension, which can not only effectively improve the blood pressure level and inflammatory reaction degree of patients, but also has higher safety guarantee and higher clinical value.展开更多
Objective: to analyze the specific efficacy of moxifloxacin in the treatment of acute attack of chronic bronchitis. Methods: the sample selection work began in February 2020. Patients with acute attack of chronic bron...Objective: to analyze the specific efficacy of moxifloxacin in the treatment of acute attack of chronic bronchitis. Methods: the sample selection work began in February 2020. Patients with acute attack of chronic bronchitis previously treated were taken as samples. By March 2021, 48 patients were randomly selected and divided into groups. Among them, 24 patients treated with roxithromycin were the control group, and the other 24 patients treated with moxifloxacin were the observation group. The time of symptom regression was observed, the curative effect was reflected by the improvement of cough and other symptoms and the total effective rate of treatment, and the total proportion of adverse reactions and the difference between groups were calculated. Results: compared with the control group, the expectoration (2.24±1.22), wheezing (2.35±1.13) and cough stopping time (1.42±0.33) in the observation group were significantly shorter (P < 0.05);Compared with 79.17% (19 cases) in the control group, the total effective rate in the observation group was 95.83% (23 cases), which was more advantageous (P < 0.05);The incidence of adverse reactions was 20.83% (5 cases) in the control group and 8.33% (2 cases) in the observation group, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: moxifloxacin can further improve the condition of patients with acute attack of chronic bronchitis, and the drug safety of patients is also higher.展开更多
To explore the clinical efficacy of TCM syndrome differentiation in the treatment of senile chronic bronchitis complicated with emphysema.Methods: from January 2019 to June 2021, 96 elderly patients with chronic bronc...To explore the clinical efficacy of TCM syndrome differentiation in the treatment of senile chronic bronchitis complicated with emphysema.Methods: from January 2019 to June 2021, 96 elderly patients with chronic bronchitis complicated with emphysema who went to our hospital for treatment were randomly divided into two groups: Western medicine treatment control group and TCM dialectical treatment observation group.Results: the symptom relief time, pulmonary function index and curative effect evaluation in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P < 0.05);There was no difference in adverse reaction rate (P > 0.05).Conclusion: the dialectical method of traditional Chinese medicine is used to treat senile chronic bronchitis complicated with emphysema.展开更多
Objective To establish a smoke-induced chronic bronchitis rat model and evaluate the patho-logical change semi-quantitatively, and study the characteristics of the inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lav-age flu...Objective To establish a smoke-induced chronic bronchitis rat model and evaluate the patho-logical change semi-quantitatively, and study the characteristics of the inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lav-age fluid (BALF) in various stages. Methods Chronic bronchitis sequential rat model was established by passively inhaling smoke mixture. Experiments were performed in 30 young male Sprague-Dawley rats, which comprised 5 groups in random, i.e.,4 chronic bronchitis model groups and 1 control group. After stained with hematoxylin and eosin, the specimens were studied by semi-quantitative method to evaluate the morphologic changes in various stages. Meanwhile, the inflammatory cells of the BALF and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) of lung tissue were analysed. Results During the process of the chronic bronchitis, the pathologic score was increasing as time went on, and the typical morphologic changes of chronic bronchitis emerged in the group 7 weeks. The total number of inflammatory cells in BALF was increasing as time went on, correlated with the pathologic scores (P <0.01). And the percentage of lymphocyte increased as well as positively correlated with pathologic scores (P < 0. 05) , whereas that of macrophage decreased and negatively correlated with pathologic scores (P <0. 05). The MPO lever of lung tissue was correlated with the pathologic scores (P < 0. 01). But the percentage of the neutrophil in the BALF was just in a high level during the first week, then it maintained relatively lower. Conclusion Smoke-induced chronic bronchitis is a slowly progressive inflammation process. The model we established is convenient and simple for the longitudinal study on the inflammatory process of chronic bronchitis and the therapy in the early stage. The semi-quantitative evaluation for the pathological change is with much more value. During the inflammatory sequential process of early stage of chronic bronchitis, the cellular characteristics are similar to that of the common chronic inflammation.展开更多
Objective: to explore the clinical therapy and effect analysis of chronic bronchitis. Methods: from June 2017 to December 2018 in our hospital, 80 patients with chronic bronchitis were randomly selected as research ob...Objective: to explore the clinical therapy and effect analysis of chronic bronchitis. Methods: from June 2017 to December 2018 in our hospital, 80 patients with chronic bronchitis were randomly selected as research objects and equally divided into two groups (experimental group and control group) according to the order of admission time. Among them, 40 patients in the experimental group and 40 patients in the control group were treated with traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in turn. The clinical effects were compared and analyzed. Results: the total validity of the treatment in the experimental group was closer to ideal than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p <0.05). Conclusion: in the clinical treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis, compared with the clinical treatment of western medicine, the total efficiency of internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine is much higher, and it can also play a more effective role in inhibiting the recurrence of chronic bronchitis. Therefore, this method has certain application and promotion value.展开更多
Objective: to explore the value of disease education in the care of chronic bronchitis. Methods: a total of 100 patients with chronic bronchitis in our hospital from August 2019 to August 2020 were randomly divided in...Objective: to explore the value of disease education in the care of chronic bronchitis. Methods: a total of 100 patients with chronic bronchitis in our hospital from August 2019 to August 2020 were randomly divided into two groups by number table method. The general care group provided general care, and the disease mission group carried out general care combined with disease mission. The degree of knowledge and recognition of disease were compared between the two groups before and after care. Results: the degree of disease knowledge mastery of the two groups before care was significantly higher than that of the two groups after care (P > 0.05), but the disease education group was higher than that of the two groups after care (P < 0.05). The recognition of disease education group was higher than that of general care group, P < 0.05. Conclusion: general care combined with disease education is effective for chronic bronchitis patients, which is beneficial to improve the degree of disease knowledge and recognition.展开更多
BACKGROUND： The inflammatory reaction already becomes an important risk factor of causing acute cerebral infarction; however, the correlation between chronic bronchitis and senile cerebral infarction is still unclear...BACKGROUND： The inflammatory reaction already becomes an important risk factor of causing acute cerebral infarction; however, the correlation between chronic bronchitis and senile cerebral infarction is still unclear. OBJECTIVE： To study whether the chronic bronchitis is the risk factor for senile cerebral infarction. DESIGN： 1 ： 1 pair, case contrast, and risk factor study. SETTINGS： Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Hospital of Tangshan; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North China Coal Medical College. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 147 patients with acute cerebral infarction who were regarded as case group were selected from Department of Neurology, the Third Hospital of Tangshan from January 2004 to December 2006. All patients met the diagnostic criteria of the Fourth National Cerebrovascular Diseases Meeting. There were 87 males and 60 females, and their ages ranged from 65 to 83 years. Based on 1 ： 1 pair study, another 147 subjects without cerebrovascular disease were regarded as control group. Except the diseases about infection, there were 73 males and 74 females, and their ages ranged from 62 to 81 years. All subjects provided the confirm consent and agreed with the coordinate experiment. METHODS： ①Questionnaire of risk factor of cerebral infarction was designed to measure the following items： chronic bronchitis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia, coronary heart disease, primary cerebral infarction/transient ischemic attack and history of smoking. ②Cerebral infarction was regarded as the dependent variance, while chronic bronchitis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypedipemia, primary cerebral infarction/transient ischemic attack, coronary heart disease and smoking were regarded as the independent variance for multiple regression analysis, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Risk factors of senile cerebral infarction. RESULTS： All 147 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 147 subjects without cerebrovascular diseases were involved in the final analysis. ①Risk factor analysis of senile cerebral infarction： There were no significant differences in age, hyperlipemia and history of smoking between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. But, chronic bronchitis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cerebral infarction/transient ischemic attack and history of coronary heart disease were higher in the case group than those in the control group （33.6% vs. 19.0%, 38.8% vs. 23.3%, 54.3% vs. 36.2%, 29.3% vs. 17.2%, 44.0% vs. 29.3%, P 〈 0.05- 0.01）. ②Multiple Logistic regression analysis of risk factor of senile cerebral infarction Hyperlipemia, smoking and coronary heart disease were not correlated with cerebral infarction （P 〉0.05）, but chronic bronchitis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cerebral infarction/transient ischemic attack were risk factors for senile cerebral infarction （OR =2.47, 2.28, 2.18, 2.01, P 〈 0.05 - 0.01）. CONCLUSION： The chronic bronchitis mac become an independent risk factor senile cerebral infarction.展开更多
To observe the therapeutic effects of a Chinese drug Bufei Keli (补肺颗粒 granules for invigorating the lung) in the treatment of chronic bronchitis at remission stage, 62 cases were randomly divided into a treatment ...To observe the therapeutic effects of a Chinese drug Bufei Keli (补肺颗粒 granules for invigorating the lung) in the treatment of chronic bronchitis at remission stage, 62 cases were randomly divided into a treatment group (treated with Bufei Keli) and a control group (treated with Yupingfeng Keli 玉屏风颗粒). The results turned out to be that the short-term clinically controlled and markedly effective rate was 77.42% and the long-term relapse-resisting markedly effective rate was 74.2% in the treatment group, which were obviously higher than 45.16% and 38.71% respectively in the control group (P<0.05). And the increase in contents of SOD and CD_3 and the decrease in LPO content in the treatment group were also bigger than that in the control group (P<0.01). It is therefore concluded that Bufei Keli can improve qi deficiency syndrome and raise the immunity of patients with chronic bronchitis, hence its effect of resisting relapse of chronic bronchitis.展开更多
Background Smoking is the major cause of airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）, and smoking cessation is regarded as one of the important strategies for prevention and treatment of the ...Background Smoking is the major cause of airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）, and smoking cessation is regarded as one of the important strategies for prevention and treatment of the inflammation. The inflammation of the chronic airway may be present and deteriorated even if the COPD patients stop smoking. Whether and how early smoking cessation affects the progress of inflammation is still obscure. This study was conducted to find the appropriate time for smoking cessation to terminate the airway inflammation in rats with smoke-induced chronic bronchitis. Methods A rat model of COPD was established by passively inhaling smoke mixture. Fifty-four young male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 9 groups with different periods of smoke exposure and different time points of cessation. The inflammation markers to be detected included inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF）, the myeloperoxidose （MPO） activity, the morphologic changes and the expression of ICAM-1 on the airway epithelium. Results When smoking was terminated at early stage, the inflammatory markers and related indexes were different from those of the typical chronic bronchitis group （group M7） （P〈0.01）. The pathologic score of group SC7 （2 weeks of smoking cessation after occurrence of typical chronic bronchitis ） was not different from that of group M7, and the level of ICAM-1 was still up-regulated （compared to group M7, P〉0.05）. Meanwhile, most of inflammatory cells in BALF were neutrophils compared to other groups （P〈0.01）.When smoking was terminated, the MPO activity was significantly lower than that of group M7 （P〈0.01）. Conclusions Smoking cessation at early stage can effectively inhibit the inflammatory reaction of COPD. Once chronic bronchitis occurs, little could be improved by smoking cessation.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the mechanism of the Chinese medicine theory that Fei（Lung） and Dachang（Large Intestine） are exteriorly and interiorly related via synchronous observation on the dynamic changes of the r...Objective： To investigate the mechanism of the Chinese medicine theory that Fei（Lung） and Dachang（Large Intestine） are exteriorly and interiorly related via synchronous observation on the dynamic changes of the respiratory and intestinal microflora. Methods： Forty specific pathogen free Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and randomly divided into blank（10 rats） and chronic bronchitis model groups（30 rats）. The blank group rats were put into the smoke-free environment and the model group rats were put into the smoke environment in order to establish pulmonary disease（chronic bronchitis） model. Then the corresponding changes of the respiratory and intestinal microflora of the model on 20th, 50th and 70th days were synchronously observed. Results： The respiratory tract microflora showed an increase in the total aerobic and Staphylococcus aureus and reduced anaerobic amount significantly on 20th day in the respiratory tract microflora（P〈0.05 or 0.01）. On 50th day, total aerobic, total anaerobic amount and bifidobacterium significantly increased（P〈0.05）. On 70th day, Staphylococcus aureus reduced and lactobacillus increased significantly（P〈0.01）. The intestinal microflora showed an increase in the total aerobic, Clostridium perfringens, enterobacter and enterococcus significantly increased on 20th day（P〈0.05 or 0.01）. Staphylococcus aureus on 50th day increased significantly（P〈0.05）. Total aerobic and enterococcus increased, total anaerobic and Clostridium perfringens reduced significantly on 70th day（P〈0.05 or 0.01）. Conclusions： The microecosystem of respiratory tract and intestine of rat model during the pathological process showed a dynamic disorder, indicating an interaction between the lung and large intestine which may be one of the connotations as they exteriorly and interiorly related.展开更多
Objective To investigate the manifestations that heat shock proteins(HSPs) possess in the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic bronchitis.Methods Using reverse transcription DNA polymerase chain reaction(RT PCR),...Objective To investigate the manifestations that heat shock proteins(HSPs) possess in the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic bronchitis.Methods Using reverse transcription DNA polymerase chain reaction(RT PCR), we investigated the expression levels of HSP70, HSP90α and HSP90β genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) at natural state and after heat shock in 14 healthy volunteers, 21 patients with asthma and 18 patients with chronic bronchitis.Results No HSP70 gene but HSP90α and HSP90β expressions were found in non heat shocked PBMC of normal control; HSP90α and HSP90β genes may be expressed in PBMC of patients no matter whether they were in acute episode or not. Expression of HSP70 was found in PBMC of patients in acute episodes and of three symptoms free patients with Aas 3, step 2 No expression of HSP70 gene was found in PBMC of patients in convalescent period but in PBMC of patients in acute episode. HSP90α and HSP90β genes were expressed in PBMC of the two patients groups; After heat shock, expressions of the three genes increased in amount significantly in PBMC of all normal controls and patients. Conclusion Expression of HSP70 gene in PBMC of asthmatic patients and chronic bronchitis was different, indicating that HSPs, especially HSP70 might be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.展开更多
文摘Image processing plays a vital role in various fields such as autonomous systems,healthcare,and cataloging,especially when integrated with deep learning(DL).It is crucial in medical diagnostics,including the early detection of diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),which claimed 3.2 million lives in 2015.COPD,a life-threatening condition often caused by prolonged exposure to lung irritants and smoking,progresses through stages.Early diagnosis through image processing can significantly improve survival rates.COPD encompasses chronic bronchitis(CB)and emphysema;CB particularly increases in smokers and generally affects individuals between 50 and 70 years old.It damages the lungs’air sacs,reducing oxygen transport and causing symptoms like coughing and shortness of breath.Treatments such as beta-agonists and inhaled steroids are used to manage symptoms and prolong lung function.Moreover,COVID-19 poses an additional risk to individuals with CB due to its impact on the respiratory system.The proposed system utilizes convolutional neural networks(CNN)to diagnose CB.In this system,CNN extracts essential and significant features from X-ray modalities,which are then fed into the neural network.The network undergoes training to recognize patterns and make accurate predictions based on the learned features.By leveraging DL techniques,the system aims to enhance the precision and reliability of CB detection.Our research specifically focuses on a subset of 189 lung disease images,carefully selected for model evaluation.To further refine the training process,various data augmentation and noise removal techniques are implemented.These techniques significantly enhance the quality of the training data,improving the model’s robustness and generalizability.As a result,the diagnostic accuracy has improved from 98.6%to 99.2%.This advancement not only validates the efficacy of our proposed model but also represents a significant improvement over existing literature.It highlights the potential of CNN-based approaches in transforming medical diagnostics through refined image analysis,learning capabilities,and automated feature extraction.
基金supported by the National Clinical key subject construction funds(occupational disease program)the National Basic Research Program(973 program)of China(2011CB503802)+3 种基金Gong-Yi Program of China Ministry of Environmental Protection(201209008)China Medical Board Collaborating Program(13-152)Public Welfare Research Program of National HealthFamily Planning Commission of China(201402022)
文摘The association between ambient temperature and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis （AECB） was still unknown. Therefore, we performed an epidemiological study in a large hospital of Shanghai to explore the relationship about temperature and outpatient visit for AECB. We adopted a quasi-Poisson generalized additive models and distributed lag nonlinear models to estimate the accumulative effects of temperature on AECB across multiple days. We found significant non-linear effects of cold temperature on hospital visits for AECB, and the potential effect of cold temperature might last more than 2 weeks. The relative risks of extreme cold （first percentiles of temperature throughout the study period） and cold （10th percentile of temperature） temperature over lags 0-14 d were 2.98 [95% confidence intervals （CI）： 1.77, 5.04] and 1.63 （95% Ch 1.21, 2.19）, compared with the 25th percentile of temperature. However, we found no positive association between hospital visits and hot weather. This study showed that exposure to both extreme cold and cold temperatures were associated with increased outpatient visits for AECB in a large hospital of Shanghai.
基金supported by the Key Talent's Subsidy Project in Science and Education of the Jiangsu Province (No. 2007158)
文摘Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator （CFTR） gene have been implicated in the onset of cystic fibrosis and other clinical respiratory disorders. In the present study, we investigated the role of CFTR variations, poly-T, TG-repeats, and M470V in susceptibility to bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis in a Chinese population in Jiangsu province, China. A total of 72 bronchial asthma patients, 68 chronic bronchitis pa- tients, and 117 healthy subjects were included in this study. The Tn-TGm haplotype was sequenced and the CFTR variant M470V was detected using restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP）. We found that the fre- quency of TS-TG12-V470 in chronic bronchitis patients was 0.07%, which was notably higher than that in healthy subjects （0.01%） and bronchial asthma patients （0.04%）. Thus, the presence of the TS-TG12 haplotype of the CFTR gene is likely to play a role in the development and progression of respiratory conditions, such as chronic bronchitis.
基金Inheritance and Innovation of TCM“Ten Million”Talent Project(Qihuang Project)(No.2019-QTL-003)。
文摘Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shufeng Jiedu Capsules in the treatment of acute attacks of chronic bronchitis.Methods:CNKI,VIP,CBM,WanFang,PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane Library and ChiCTR were searched by computer,and randomized controlled trials of Shufeng Jiedu capsules in the treatment of AECB were integrated.The retrieval time was from the date of establishing the database to December 31,2020.Meta-analysis of outcome indicators[including effective rate,C-reactive protein(CRP),lung function[FEV1%and/or FEV1/FVC],interleukin-8(IL-8),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)]were carried out by RevMan 5.3 software,and the effective rate was tested by sequential analysis(TSA),and the quality of evidence was evaluated according to GRADE standards.Results:A total of 680 cases in 8 articles were included.Shufeng Jiedu Capsules improved the effective rate of clinicaltreatment[RR=1.20,95%CI(1.13,1.28)],improved lung function[FEV1:MD=0.33,95%CI(0.22,0.45),FEV1/FVC:MD=10.17,95%CI(8.15,12.19)],reduced CRP[MD=-7.32,95%CI(-8.42,-6.22)],IL-8[MD=-63.39,95%CI(-73.49,-53.29)],TNF-α[MD=-7.44,95%CI(-8.35,-6.53)]levels.The above differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),and no serious adverse reactions were reported in all studies.The results of TSA analysis showed that the experimental group had definite evidence for improving the efficiency.According to the GRADE evaluation system,the efficiency,TNF-αwere medium-quality evidences,FEV1 was low-quality evidence,and FEV1/FVC,CRP,and IL-8 were extremely low-quality evidence.Conclusions:The curative effect of Shufeng Jiedu capsule combined with western medicine in the treatment of AECB was better than that of single western medicine.Nevertheless,considering the limited sample size and the quality of included articles,higher quality RCTs are still needed to further confirm its effectiveness and safety.
文摘Objectives： To determine whether traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） aerosol inhalation treatment is effective inthe treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Methods： Search double-blind randomised clinical trials（RCT） about the use of TCM aerosol inhalation in patient with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis via database including Chinese biomedicine literature database, Wanfang Data, CNKI, Pubmed, EMBASE and CochraneLibrary from the beginning to October 2016. Quality evaluation, data extraction and data analysis of these RCT wascarried out with reference to the Cochrane systematic review. Results： 16 studies with 738 patients in TCM aerosolinhalation group and 675 in control group were included. The results of meta-analysis showed, （1） TCM aerosolinhalation group could improve the total cure rate. （2） TCM aerosol inhalation could increase the expression of IL-2while decrease the expression of IL-8 and MDA in sputum and blood. （3） TCM aerosol inhalation could improvethe symptoms of cough, cough with sputum, cough with dyspnea and lung wet rales. It also improve the symptomsof cough, expectorate and lung wet rales. （4） Shorten the time of cough and lung rale. （5） The adverse reactionswere light only with 1 occurrence of nausea and vomiting. Conclusions： The use of TCM aerosol inhalation in thetreatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis was effective. However, the inclusion researches quality werenot very high, which only provided limited evidence for clinical application. Higher-quality randomized controlledtrials were needed for further study.
文摘Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Fifty ying acupuncture therapy for treatment of chronic bronchitis, and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods: A total of 36 out and in patients with chronic bronchitis including 10 cases of asthma were subjected into this study. Among them, 20 cases were qi deficiency type and 16 qi yin deficiency with phlegm damp type. The changes of symptoms, T lymphocyte subgroups of CD 3 +, CD 4 +, CD 8 +, CD 4 +/CD 8 +, soluble interleuki 2 receptor (SIL 2 R), interleukin 6(IL 6), IgG, IgA and IgM before and after treatment were observed and detected using monoclonal indirect fluorescence method, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nephelometry respectively. Results: (1)The effective rate of qi dificiency type was 100% and that of qi yin deficiency with phlegm damp type 87.5%. (2) After acupuncture treatment, in qi deficiency type patients, serum IgG, IgA and IgM contents increased significantly (P<0.001) in comparison with pre treatment and in qi yin deficiency with phlegm damp type patients, IgG level lowered obviously. Serum SIL 2R and CD 4 +/CD 8 + decreased obviously (P<0.01, 0.001), CD 3 +, CD 4 + and CD 8 + increased evidently (P<0.01). Conclusion: The Fifty ying acupuncture therapy can better clinical symptoms of chronic bronchitis patients through its resultant up regulation of the immune system function.
文摘Chronic bronchitis is a clinical common disease,which is a chronic nonspecific inflammation of the tracheal and bronchial mucosa and its surrounding tissues caused by a variety of factors.It is clinically characterized by symptoms such as cough,excessive phlegm,shortness of breath,and a recurrent chronic process.Chronic bronchitis has a high incidence and severe symptoms in winter.In severe cases,there are long-term clinical symptoms that impact the patient’s spirit and life.At the same time,the disease causes numerous diseases such as emphysema and pulmonary heart disease.Therefore,patients have an essential need for the treatment of chronic bronchitis.This article tells the etiology,treatment methods,process,prevention,and nursing of the disease from the perspective of western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine,respectively.
文摘Objective: to study and analyze the actual effect of high quality nursing in clinical use of chronic bronchitis in the elderly and to analyze and discuss the use value. Methods: 120 elderly patients with chronic bronchitis who were admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. The groups were completed according to the order of admission treatment. Among them, 60 cases received routine care as control group, while the remaining 60 cases received high quality care as the experimental group, and the nursing effects were compared. Results: the quality of life in the experimental group was significantly improved, the level of inflammatory factors was significantly reduced, the nursing satisfaction of patients was significantly improved, and the indexes were statistically significant compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The implementation of high quality nursing for elderly patients with chronic bronchitis can significantly improve the disease process, reduce the level of inflammatory factors, and greatly improve the quality of life of patients, improve the satisfaction of nursing services in departments, and achieve high clinical effect, which has the value of promotion and use.
文摘Objective: to explore the effect of valsartan in the treatment of chronic bronchitis complicated with hypertension. Methods: 200 patients with chronic bronchitis and hypertension were randomly selected from July 2019 to July 2020. Then, according to the principles of randomness and average, they are explored in groups. One group of patients was treated with nifedipine, which was called the control group, and the other group was treated with valsartan, which was called the experimental group. After a period of treatment, all aspects of the performance of the two groups of patients were compared. Results: before treatment, the blood pressure levels of the two groups of patients were measured. The data showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups. After different treatments, the blood pressure of the two groups of patients was measured and compared again. At this time, the average blood pressure level of the experimental group was better than that of the control group. In addition, the levels of serum inflammatory factors such as CRP and IL-6 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The two groups of patients were evaluated from the adverse reactions. The probability of occurrence in the experimental group was less than that in the control group. The results of comparison between the two groups were significantly different and had a higher reference value. Conclusion: valsartan can be used in the treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis and hypertension, which can not only effectively improve the blood pressure level and inflammatory reaction degree of patients, but also has higher safety guarantee and higher clinical value.
文摘Objective: to analyze the specific efficacy of moxifloxacin in the treatment of acute attack of chronic bronchitis. Methods: the sample selection work began in February 2020. Patients with acute attack of chronic bronchitis previously treated were taken as samples. By March 2021, 48 patients were randomly selected and divided into groups. Among them, 24 patients treated with roxithromycin were the control group, and the other 24 patients treated with moxifloxacin were the observation group. The time of symptom regression was observed, the curative effect was reflected by the improvement of cough and other symptoms and the total effective rate of treatment, and the total proportion of adverse reactions and the difference between groups were calculated. Results: compared with the control group, the expectoration (2.24±1.22), wheezing (2.35±1.13) and cough stopping time (1.42±0.33) in the observation group were significantly shorter (P < 0.05);Compared with 79.17% (19 cases) in the control group, the total effective rate in the observation group was 95.83% (23 cases), which was more advantageous (P < 0.05);The incidence of adverse reactions was 20.83% (5 cases) in the control group and 8.33% (2 cases) in the observation group, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: moxifloxacin can further improve the condition of patients with acute attack of chronic bronchitis, and the drug safety of patients is also higher.
文摘To explore the clinical efficacy of TCM syndrome differentiation in the treatment of senile chronic bronchitis complicated with emphysema.Methods: from January 2019 to June 2021, 96 elderly patients with chronic bronchitis complicated with emphysema who went to our hospital for treatment were randomly divided into two groups: Western medicine treatment control group and TCM dialectical treatment observation group.Results: the symptom relief time, pulmonary function index and curative effect evaluation in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P < 0.05);There was no difference in adverse reaction rate (P > 0.05).Conclusion: the dialectical method of traditional Chinese medicine is used to treat senile chronic bronchitis complicated with emphysema.
基金Supported by the fund from Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (004119060)
文摘Objective To establish a smoke-induced chronic bronchitis rat model and evaluate the patho-logical change semi-quantitatively, and study the characteristics of the inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lav-age fluid (BALF) in various stages. Methods Chronic bronchitis sequential rat model was established by passively inhaling smoke mixture. Experiments were performed in 30 young male Sprague-Dawley rats, which comprised 5 groups in random, i.e.,4 chronic bronchitis model groups and 1 control group. After stained with hematoxylin and eosin, the specimens were studied by semi-quantitative method to evaluate the morphologic changes in various stages. Meanwhile, the inflammatory cells of the BALF and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) of lung tissue were analysed. Results During the process of the chronic bronchitis, the pathologic score was increasing as time went on, and the typical morphologic changes of chronic bronchitis emerged in the group 7 weeks. The total number of inflammatory cells in BALF was increasing as time went on, correlated with the pathologic scores (P <0.01). And the percentage of lymphocyte increased as well as positively correlated with pathologic scores (P < 0. 05) , whereas that of macrophage decreased and negatively correlated with pathologic scores (P <0. 05). The MPO lever of lung tissue was correlated with the pathologic scores (P < 0. 01). But the percentage of the neutrophil in the BALF was just in a high level during the first week, then it maintained relatively lower. Conclusion Smoke-induced chronic bronchitis is a slowly progressive inflammation process. The model we established is convenient and simple for the longitudinal study on the inflammatory process of chronic bronchitis and the therapy in the early stage. The semi-quantitative evaluation for the pathological change is with much more value. During the inflammatory sequential process of early stage of chronic bronchitis, the cellular characteristics are similar to that of the common chronic inflammation.
文摘Objective: to explore the clinical therapy and effect analysis of chronic bronchitis. Methods: from June 2017 to December 2018 in our hospital, 80 patients with chronic bronchitis were randomly selected as research objects and equally divided into two groups (experimental group and control group) according to the order of admission time. Among them, 40 patients in the experimental group and 40 patients in the control group were treated with traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in turn. The clinical effects were compared and analyzed. Results: the total validity of the treatment in the experimental group was closer to ideal than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p <0.05). Conclusion: in the clinical treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis, compared with the clinical treatment of western medicine, the total efficiency of internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine is much higher, and it can also play a more effective role in inhibiting the recurrence of chronic bronchitis. Therefore, this method has certain application and promotion value.
文摘Objective: to explore the value of disease education in the care of chronic bronchitis. Methods: a total of 100 patients with chronic bronchitis in our hospital from August 2019 to August 2020 were randomly divided into two groups by number table method. The general care group provided general care, and the disease mission group carried out general care combined with disease mission. The degree of knowledge and recognition of disease were compared between the two groups before and after care. Results: the degree of disease knowledge mastery of the two groups before care was significantly higher than that of the two groups after care (P > 0.05), but the disease education group was higher than that of the two groups after care (P < 0.05). The recognition of disease education group was higher than that of general care group, P < 0.05. Conclusion: general care combined with disease education is effective for chronic bronchitis patients, which is beneficial to improve the degree of disease knowledge and recognition.
文摘BACKGROUND： The inflammatory reaction already becomes an important risk factor of causing acute cerebral infarction; however, the correlation between chronic bronchitis and senile cerebral infarction is still unclear. OBJECTIVE： To study whether the chronic bronchitis is the risk factor for senile cerebral infarction. DESIGN： 1 ： 1 pair, case contrast, and risk factor study. SETTINGS： Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Hospital of Tangshan; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North China Coal Medical College. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 147 patients with acute cerebral infarction who were regarded as case group were selected from Department of Neurology, the Third Hospital of Tangshan from January 2004 to December 2006. All patients met the diagnostic criteria of the Fourth National Cerebrovascular Diseases Meeting. There were 87 males and 60 females, and their ages ranged from 65 to 83 years. Based on 1 ： 1 pair study, another 147 subjects without cerebrovascular disease were regarded as control group. Except the diseases about infection, there were 73 males and 74 females, and their ages ranged from 62 to 81 years. All subjects provided the confirm consent and agreed with the coordinate experiment. METHODS： ①Questionnaire of risk factor of cerebral infarction was designed to measure the following items： chronic bronchitis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia, coronary heart disease, primary cerebral infarction/transient ischemic attack and history of smoking. ②Cerebral infarction was regarded as the dependent variance, while chronic bronchitis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypedipemia, primary cerebral infarction/transient ischemic attack, coronary heart disease and smoking were regarded as the independent variance for multiple regression analysis, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Risk factors of senile cerebral infarction. RESULTS： All 147 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 147 subjects without cerebrovascular diseases were involved in the final analysis. ①Risk factor analysis of senile cerebral infarction： There were no significant differences in age, hyperlipemia and history of smoking between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. But, chronic bronchitis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cerebral infarction/transient ischemic attack and history of coronary heart disease were higher in the case group than those in the control group （33.6% vs. 19.0%, 38.8% vs. 23.3%, 54.3% vs. 36.2%, 29.3% vs. 17.2%, 44.0% vs. 29.3%, P 〈 0.05- 0.01）. ②Multiple Logistic regression analysis of risk factor of senile cerebral infarction Hyperlipemia, smoking and coronary heart disease were not correlated with cerebral infarction （P 〉0.05）, but chronic bronchitis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cerebral infarction/transient ischemic attack were risk factors for senile cerebral infarction （OR =2.47, 2.28, 2.18, 2.01, P 〈 0.05 - 0.01）. CONCLUSION： The chronic bronchitis mac become an independent risk factor senile cerebral infarction.
文摘To observe the therapeutic effects of a Chinese drug Bufei Keli (补肺颗粒 granules for invigorating the lung) in the treatment of chronic bronchitis at remission stage, 62 cases were randomly divided into a treatment group (treated with Bufei Keli) and a control group (treated with Yupingfeng Keli 玉屏风颗粒). The results turned out to be that the short-term clinically controlled and markedly effective rate was 77.42% and the long-term relapse-resisting markedly effective rate was 74.2% in the treatment group, which were obviously higher than 45.16% and 38.71% respectively in the control group (P<0.05). And the increase in contents of SOD and CD_3 and the decrease in LPO content in the treatment group were also bigger than that in the control group (P<0.01). It is therefore concluded that Bufei Keli can improve qi deficiency syndrome and raise the immunity of patients with chronic bronchitis, hence its effect of resisting relapse of chronic bronchitis.
文摘Background Smoking is the major cause of airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）, and smoking cessation is regarded as one of the important strategies for prevention and treatment of the inflammation. The inflammation of the chronic airway may be present and deteriorated even if the COPD patients stop smoking. Whether and how early smoking cessation affects the progress of inflammation is still obscure. This study was conducted to find the appropriate time for smoking cessation to terminate the airway inflammation in rats with smoke-induced chronic bronchitis. Methods A rat model of COPD was established by passively inhaling smoke mixture. Fifty-four young male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 9 groups with different periods of smoke exposure and different time points of cessation. The inflammation markers to be detected included inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF）, the myeloperoxidose （MPO） activity, the morphologic changes and the expression of ICAM-1 on the airway epithelium. Results When smoking was terminated at early stage, the inflammatory markers and related indexes were different from those of the typical chronic bronchitis group （group M7） （P〈0.01）. The pathologic score of group SC7 （2 weeks of smoking cessation after occurrence of typical chronic bronchitis ） was not different from that of group M7, and the level of ICAM-1 was still up-regulated （compared to group M7, P〉0.05）. Meanwhile, most of inflammatory cells in BALF were neutrophils compared to other groups （P〈0.01）.When smoking was terminated, the MPO activity was significantly lower than that of group M7 （P〈0.01）. Conclusions Smoking cessation at early stage can effectively inhibit the inflammatory reaction of COPD. Once chronic bronchitis occurs, little could be improved by smoking cessation.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,No.2009CB522706)
文摘Objective： To investigate the mechanism of the Chinese medicine theory that Fei（Lung） and Dachang（Large Intestine） are exteriorly and interiorly related via synchronous observation on the dynamic changes of the respiratory and intestinal microflora. Methods： Forty specific pathogen free Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and randomly divided into blank（10 rats） and chronic bronchitis model groups（30 rats）. The blank group rats were put into the smoke-free environment and the model group rats were put into the smoke environment in order to establish pulmonary disease（chronic bronchitis） model. Then the corresponding changes of the respiratory and intestinal microflora of the model on 20th, 50th and 70th days were synchronously observed. Results： The respiratory tract microflora showed an increase in the total aerobic and Staphylococcus aureus and reduced anaerobic amount significantly on 20th day in the respiratory tract microflora（P〈0.05 or 0.01）. On 50th day, total aerobic, total anaerobic amount and bifidobacterium significantly increased（P〈0.05）. On 70th day, Staphylococcus aureus reduced and lactobacillus increased significantly（P〈0.01）. The intestinal microflora showed an increase in the total aerobic, Clostridium perfringens, enterobacter and enterococcus significantly increased on 20th day（P〈0.05 or 0.01）. Staphylococcus aureus on 50th day increased significantly（P〈0.05）. Total aerobic and enterococcus increased, total anaerobic and Clostridium perfringens reduced significantly on 70th day（P〈0.05 or 0.01）. Conclusions： The microecosystem of respiratory tract and intestine of rat model during the pathological process showed a dynamic disorder, indicating an interaction between the lung and large intestine which may be one of the connotations as they exteriorly and interiorly related.
文摘Objective To investigate the manifestations that heat shock proteins(HSPs) possess in the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic bronchitis.Methods Using reverse transcription DNA polymerase chain reaction(RT PCR), we investigated the expression levels of HSP70, HSP90α and HSP90β genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) at natural state and after heat shock in 14 healthy volunteers, 21 patients with asthma and 18 patients with chronic bronchitis.Results No HSP70 gene but HSP90α and HSP90β expressions were found in non heat shocked PBMC of normal control; HSP90α and HSP90β genes may be expressed in PBMC of patients no matter whether they were in acute episode or not. Expression of HSP70 was found in PBMC of patients in acute episodes and of three symptoms free patients with Aas 3, step 2 No expression of HSP70 gene was found in PBMC of patients in convalescent period but in PBMC of patients in acute episode. HSP90α and HSP90β genes were expressed in PBMC of the two patients groups; After heat shock, expressions of the three genes increased in amount significantly in PBMC of all normal controls and patients. Conclusion Expression of HSP70 gene in PBMC of asthmatic patients and chronic bronchitis was different, indicating that HSPs, especially HSP70 might be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.
