Turmeric has long been used as a spice and food colouring agent in Asia. In the present investigation, the antimutagenic potential of curcumin was evaluated in Allium cepa root meristem cells. So far there is no repor...Turmeric has long been used as a spice and food colouring agent in Asia. In the present investigation, the antimutagenic potential of curcumin was evaluated in Allium cepa root meristem cells. So far there is no report on the biological properties of curcumin in plant test systems. The root tip cells were treated with sodium azide at 200 and 300 μg/ml for 3 h and curcumin was given at 5, 10 and 20 μg/ml for 16 h, prior to sodium azide treatment. The tips were squashed after colchicine treatment and the cells were analyzed for chromosome aberration and mitotic index. Curcumin induces chromosomal aberration in Allium cepa root tip cells in an insignificant manner, when compared with untreated control. Sodium azide alone induces chromosomal aberrations significantly with increasing concentrations. The total number of aberrations was significantly reduced in root tip cells pretreated with curcumin. The study reveals that curcumin has antimutagenic potential against sodium azide induced chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa root meristem cells. In addition, it showed mild cytotoxicity by reducing the percentage of mitotic index in all curcumin treated groups, but the mechanism of action remains unknown. The antimutagenic potential of curcumin is effective at 5 μg/ml in Allium cepa root meristem cells.展开更多
In this study, freeze-dried water extract from the leaves of Myristica fragrans （Houtt.） was tested for mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials using the Allium cepa assay. Freeze-dried water extract alone and its co...In this study, freeze-dried water extract from the leaves of Myristica fragrans （Houtt.） was tested for mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials using the Allium cepa assay. Freeze-dried water extract alone and its combination with cyclophosphamide （CP） （50 mg/kg） were separately dissolved in tap water at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg. Onions （A. cepa） were suspended in the solutions and controls for 48 h in the dark. Root tips were prepared for microscopic evaluation. 2,2-Diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） free radicals＇ scavenging power of the extract was tested using butylated hydroxyanisole （BHA） and butylated hydroxytoluene （BHT） as standards. Water extract of Myristica fragrans scavenged free radicals better than BHA, but worse than BHT. The extract alone, as well as in combination with CP suppressed cell division, and induced chromosomal aberrations that were insignificantly different from the negative control （P≤0.05）. However, cytotoxic and mutagenic actions of CP were considerably suppressed. The observed effects on cell division and chromosomes of A. cepa may be principally connected to the antioxidant properties of the extract. The obtained results suggest mitodepressive and antimutagenic potentials of water extract of the leaves of M. fragrans as desirable properties of a promising anticancer agent.展开更多
Propoxur is a widely used dithiocarbamate insecticide. In this study, the clastogenic effect of propoxur has been evaluated using chromosomal aberration assay in mouse bone marrow cells. Single i. p. administration of...Propoxur is a widely used dithiocarbamate insecticide. In this study, the clastogenic effect of propoxur has been evaluated using chromosomal aberration assay in mouse bone marrow cells. Single i. p. administration of propoxur, at 25 mg/kg b.wt., a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and 12 .5mg/kg b.wt (50% of MTD) have significantly induced different types of aberrations after 24 h of treatment. The aberrations were dose and time dependent and reached a maximum after 24 h of exposure. The sresult suggest a genotoxic potential of propoxur.展开更多
Realistic models for cancer research representing disease progression that commensurately respond to therapeutics consistent with clinical observation are the holy grail for pre-clinical research and screening.Althoug...Realistic models for cancer research representing disease progression that commensurately respond to therapeutics consistent with clinical observation are the holy grail for pre-clinical research and screening.Although such an ideal is elusive,well-characterized in vivo models facilitate our understanding of disease,progression,and therapeutic opportunities.Here,we characterize a commonly used syngeneic BALB/c mouse model of triple negative breast cancer(4T1)after establishing tumors in their flanks.Tumors developed at the subcutaneous injection site for all experimental mice and their volumes were monitored.We quantified a rare subset of breast cancer stemlike cells(CSCs),classified as CD44^(+)/CD24^(−)phenotypes in in vitro and ex vivo cell populations.Chromosome numbers in ex vivo metaphase cells were greater than cells cultured in vitro(89.4±3.4,range of 70-132 and 82.6±1.1,range of 70-128;respectively).Further,we observed different types of chromosome aberrations,including gap,deletion,exchange,interstitial deletion,terminal deletion,ring,dicentric,and Robertsonian translocations.For both sources of cells,the number of aberrations was dominated by deletions,terminal deletions,and Robertsonian translocations.Ex vivo cells exhibited greater prevalence of deletions and terminal deletions,whereas in vitro cells displayed more ring aberrations and Robertsonian translocations.In conclusion,we successfully characterized cancer cells from a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer in terms of rare CSC proportion and a variety of chromosomal aberrations,which is useful for understanding tumor traits associated with cancer development and therapeutic action.The data act as a valuable resource for other studies using the 4T1 BALB/c model.展开更多
The hepatotoxic effect of potassium bromide(KBr)on rat liver tissues were determined,as well as the potential protective effect of Tegillaraca granosa(T.granosa)flesh body extract.Twenty adult male albino rats were eq...The hepatotoxic effect of potassium bromide(KBr)on rat liver tissues were determined,as well as the potential protective effect of Tegillaraca granosa(T.granosa)flesh body extract.Twenty adult male albino rats were equally distributed into four groups;Group(I)treated with physiological saline(control group),Group(II)was orally gavaged by 200 mg/kg of T.granosa body extract day after day,Group(III)was intoxicated by KBr(150 mg/kg bwt day after day orally)and finally,Group(IV)was given a combination of T.granosa flesh body extract plus KBr with similar doses in the second and third groups.At the end of one month,blood,liver tissue and bone marrow samples were collected to be used for the required laboratory examinations.In response to KBr toxicity,there was a significant increase in serum antioxidant biomarkers,which was accompanied by a significant change in hepatocyte ultrastructure and a significant change in carbohydrate and protein levels within the liver organ.In addition,KBr intoxication resulted in a substantial increase in the incidence of chromosomal aberrations such as holes,splits,deletions,fragments,ploidy,and ring chromosomes,as well as significant upregulation of TGF-1,VEGF,and COX-2 gene expression.The hepatotoxic effect of KBr was counteracted by treatment with T.granosa flesh body extract.T.granosa flesh body extract has a curative antioxidant and numerous protective effects against KBr hepatotoxicity.展开更多
The aim of the present investigation was to study the major chromosomal aberrations （CA） like deletion, translocation, inversion and mosaic in prostate cancer patients of Tamilnadu, Southern India. Totally 45 blood ...The aim of the present investigation was to study the major chromosomal aberrations （CA） like deletion, translocation, inversion and mosaic in prostate cancer patients of Tamilnadu, Southern India. Totally 45 blood samples were collected from various hospitals in Tamilnadu, Southern India. Equal numbers of normal healthy subjects were chosen after signing a consent form. Volunteers provided blood samples （5 ml） to establish leukocyte cultures. Cytogenetic studies were performed by using Giemsaanding technique and finally the results were ensured by spectral karyotyping （SKY） technique. In the present investigation, major CA like deletion, translocation, inversion and mosaic were identifed in experimental subjects. Results showed frequent CA in chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13, 16, 18 and X. In comparison with experimental subjects, the control subjects exhibited very low levels of major CA （P〈0.05）. In the present study, the high frequency of centromeric rearrangements indicates a potential role for mitotic irregularities associated with the centromere in prostate cancer tumorigenesis. Identification of chromosome alterations may be helpful in understanding the molecular basis of the disease in better manner.展开更多
An acute toxicity test in Sprague Dawley(SD)rats and a chromosomal aberration toxicity test in Chinese hamster lung(CHL)fibroblasts were conducted to promote the application of insect wax and its policosanol.Results o...An acute toxicity test in Sprague Dawley(SD)rats and a chromosomal aberration toxicity test in Chinese hamster lung(CHL)fibroblasts were conducted to promote the application of insect wax and its policosanol.Results of oral acute toxicity test showed that the LD;values of insect wax and its policosanol were higher than 5000 mg/kg.The rats showed no obvious toxic symptoms and survived,suggesting that these substances were not toxic.The chromosomal aberration rates of the CHL cells incubated with insect wax for 3-6 h under metabolic activation conditions and for 3-6 h and 24 h under non-metabolic activation conditions were lower than 5%.No significant difference was found compared with the negative control group.Also,no significant difference in chromosomal aberration rates was found between each dose group of policosanol under metabolic or non-metabolic activation conditions and the negative control group.Therefore,the chromosomal aberration rates of CHL cells treated with insect wax and its policosanol were negative regardless of metabolic activation conditions.These results indicate the absence of acute toxicity and potential chromosomal aberration in the tested dose range of insect wax and its policosanol.展开更多
The effects of selected DNA repair inhibitors on the frequency of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-induced chromosome aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were evaluated. Trealment of HCMV-infected PBL...The effects of selected DNA repair inhibitors on the frequency of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-induced chromosome aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were evaluated. Trealment of HCMV-infected PBLs with camptothecin (0.05 to 0.3μg/ml), an inhibitor of topoisomerase I, for 30 hr resulted in a significant (P<0.01) synergistic enhancement of the frequency of HCMV-induced chromosome damage, on the other hand, a significant increase in the frequency of chromosome damage was not noted for infected PBLs treated with either 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) (3 to 30μg/ml), an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) poiymerase, ur novobiocin 3 to 30 |ig/ml) an inhibitor of topoiso-merase I or excision repair processes for 30 hr. chromatid-type breaks including chromosome exchanges were the predominant type of chromosome aberrations observed in the HCMV-infected cells treated with camptothecin suggesting that HCMV infection is associated with the induction of single-strand DNA breaks. Furthermore, these findings suggest that HCMV infection does rol inflict dircc: DNA damage which is repaired through 3-AB- or novobiocinsensitive pathways.Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common pathogen which irferfs about 80% of the world's population causing, for the most part, persistent subcliniclil infeclions (Wellcr, 1971). A relatively small percentage of otherwise healthy immunologically competent people experience clinical HCMV disease (Cohen et al., 1985). Generalized HCMV infection, however, is the bane of individuals whose immune system is compromised (Schooley, 1990) Rubin, 1990). Molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that HCMV is one of the most frequent cause of congenital infections and that these infections result in a high incidence of birth defects and developmental abnormalities (Alford et al., 1990). Several studies (Nachtigal et al., 1978; Luleci et al., 1980; AbuBakar et al., 1988) have shown that HCMV infectior can result in an increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations. Since the ability to cause chromosome damage may be significant in the induction of birth defects and possibly in HCMV-induced malignancy, we undertook the present investigation to evaluate the mechanisms by which HCMV may cause chromosome damage. In ths study, the effects of selected DNA repair inhibitors on the frequency of HCMV-induced chromosome aberrations were evaluated. The results indicae that the presence of camptothecin, but nut 3-aminobenzamidc (3-AB) ro novobiocin, results in a concentration-dependent increase in the frequent) of chromosome aberrations in HCMV-infected peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Accordingly, it is proposed that HCMV-induced chromosome damage in PBLs does not substantially involve DNA repair activities sensitive to inhibition of poly ADP-ribosylation or excision repair processes, but is related to camp of thccin-sersitive DNA repair, conceivably involving the activity of topoisomrrasc I .展开更多
The chromosome and chromatid type aberration can be induced by benzene and the dicentric and ring ones were not observed in vitro experiment but observed in vivo one. In vitro experiment a good linear regression can b...The chromosome and chromatid type aberration can be induced by benzene and the dicentric and ring ones were not observed in vitro experiment but observed in vivo one. In vitro experiment a good linear regression can be given between benzene concentrations and total aberration cells while power regression for radiation dose.The chromosome aberrations induced by benzene combined with radiation in rabbit blood lymphocytes are higher than in bone marrow cells.展开更多
The phenomenon of cytogenetic adaptive and cross-adaptive response induced by low dose irradiation and chemical mutagen in mice is described. We found, firstly, that adaptation can be induced by acute low dose Xirradi...The phenomenon of cytogenetic adaptive and cross-adaptive response induced by low dose irradiation and chemical mutagen in mice is described. We found, firstly, that adaptation can be induced by acute low dose Xirradiation (0-100 mGy). Secondly, a cross-adaptation can occur between X-irradiation and mitomycin C (MMC). And finally, mice pre-exposed to chronic low dose rate￣(60)Co-Gamma irradiation (0-226.0 mGy/day) are less susceptible to chromosome aberration induced by subsequent acute higher Xirradiation. Therefore, our data suggest that radioadaptive response depends on dose, dose rate and time interval. Possible mechanisms are also discussed.展开更多
The relationship between the penetration depth and the level and distribution of chromosomal aberration of the root tip cells were investigated by exposure of the superposed tomato seeds to 80 MeV/u carbon ions. The r...The relationship between the penetration depth and the level and distribution of chromosomal aberration of the root tip cells were investigated by exposure of the superposed tomato seeds to 80 MeV/u carbon ions. The results showed that on the entrance of the beam the chromosomal aberration level was low. Damage such as breaks aud gaps were dominant. At the Bragg peak~ the chromosomal aberration level was high. The yields of dicentrics~ rings and disintegrated small chromosomes increased but the yields of breaks and gaps decreased. These results are consistent with the distribution of tile physical depth dose profile of carbon ions. It is effective to deposit the Bragg peak on the seeds to induce hereditary aberration in the mutation breeding with heavy ions.展开更多
Accidentally or occupationally exposures to ionizing radiation generally involving the partial-body exposures and this may pose significant health hazards that are indicated by chromosome aberration （CA） induction. ...Accidentally or occupationally exposures to ionizing radiation generally involving the partial-body exposures and this may pose significant health hazards that are indicated by chromosome aberration （CA） induction. In this experiment, the quantification of the frequencies of CA was carried out based on cytogenetic analyses of peripheral blood samples obtained from 4 healthy volunteers as a result of simulation of partial-body exposures. The percentages of mixtures of blood samples irradiated in vitro with 2 Gy of gamma rays were 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100.0%. Lymphocytes were cultured and first-division metaphase cells were collected after culture times of 48 h and then harvested with standard procedures. The results showed that frequencies of unstable CA were depended on the percentage/portion of irradiated blood. All frequencies of observed CA was lower than that of calculated from 100% exposed blood, except in one case, indicating a phenomena of＂dilution＂ of unirradiated into irradiated lymphocytes though there could be a bystander effects taken place. The increasing in frequency for 25-100% portions was also comparable with other similar experiments. The quantification of CAs in lymphocytes is an important methodology of dose assessment for partial-body exposure to ionizing radiation, however, the scenario of exposure should be determined.展开更多
Seeds of japonica rice cv.Zhenuo 2 with twodifferent physiological states(dry seeds withwater content 13% and wet seeds soaked in thewater for 36 h)were irradiated by COlaser infour different power-densities and durat...Seeds of japonica rice cv.Zhenuo 2 with twodifferent physiological states(dry seeds withwater content 13% and wet seeds soaked in thewater for 36 h)were irradiated by COlaser infour different power-densities and durations re-spectively.The treatment irradiated with 200GY ofCo γ-rays was considered as control.The flesh root tips were cut and fixed inCarnoy’s fluid for cytological examination.展开更多
Although metabolic homeostasis disruption,cellular damage,and premature senescence caused by salinity stress are well-documented in the literature,there are few studies investigating cytological changes induced by sal...Although metabolic homeostasis disruption,cellular damage,and premature senescence caused by salinity stress are well-documented in the literature,there are few studies investigating cytological changes induced by salinity stress within the altered metabolic landscape of rice,and this study aims to fill that gap.The cytological characterization of root tips(in terms of mitotic index and chromosomal abnormalities such as stickiness,laggards,fragments,bridges,micronuclei,ring chromosomes,and total mitotic abnormalities)was conducted on 10 experimental rice landraces from coastal Bangladesh,grown under post-imbibitional salinity stress(PISS),while correlating these changes with their metabolic status.The results revealed a strong correlation between salinity-induced cytological changes in root cells(mitotic index and chromosomal abnormalities)and the redox interactome status of all experimental rice landraces.The landraces Kutepatnai,Talmugur,Nonakochi,and Benapol,which exhibited a higher ability to mitigate PISS-induced chromosomal abnormalities and improve mitotic index,also showed lower accumulation of oxidative stress markers(protein carbonylation,lipid peroxidation,prooxidant accumulation,oxidative stress index,reactive oxygen species(ROS)-antioxidative stress index,and efficiency of ROS processing via the Halliwell-Asada pathway)compared with more susceptible landraces(Charobalam,Jotaibalam,Kachra,and Lalmota).These findings underscore the role of redox biology in preventing chromotoxic effects under salinity stress.Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis,used to determine variations and similarities among the experimental rice landraces based on cytological attributes,redox interactome,and physiological phenotypes,classified the landraces according to their salinity tolerance and sensitivity.This study proposes a novel approach for exploring redox-regulated cytological fingerprints as a tool for identifying salinity-tolerant rice landraces.展开更多
Background:Ethylhexyl triazone(EHT)and diethylhexyl butamido triazone(HEB)both belong to the recently developed class of triazine ultraviolet filters.However,their toxicity profiles remain unclear.Objective:To assess ...Background:Ethylhexyl triazone(EHT)and diethylhexyl butamido triazone(HEB)both belong to the recently developed class of triazine ultraviolet filters.However,their toxicity profiles remain unclear.Objective:To assess the genotoxic and phototoxic effects of EHT and HEB.Methods:The genotoxicity of EHT and HEB was assessed using in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assays,chromosomal aberration assays,and micronucleus assays.Meanwhile,their phototoxicity was evaluated using in vitro 3T3 neutral red uptake(NRU)phototoxicity assays and in vivo skin phototoxicity tests.Results:In the bacterial reverse mutation assay,the number of bacterial colonies was not significantly higher in the EHT and HEB groups than in the solvent control group.Similarly,the chromosomal aberration assay revealed no increase in aberration rates after either EHT or HEB treatment.In the micronucleus assay,the frequency of micronuclei was comparable between the treatment and control groups.Finally,based on the 3T3 NRU phototoxicity assay,both EHT and HEB(photo-irritation factor<2 and mean photo effect value<0.1)were classified as non-phototoxic.The skin phototoxicity test in vivo showed the same results as in vitro.Conclusion:Results from a series of genotoxicity and phototoxicity assays indicate that EHT and HEB possess neither genotoxic nor phototoxic potential.These findings provide experimental evidence supporting the safety of EHT and HEB for topical applications.展开更多
[Objective] To study the long-term ultra-dry storage method and genetic stability of vegetable seeds.[Method] Seeds of Lycopersicum esculentum,Raphanus satuvus and Apium graveolen.were chosen as material.The changes o...[Objective] To study the long-term ultra-dry storage method and genetic stability of vegetable seeds.[Method] Seeds of Lycopersicum esculentum,Raphanus satuvus and Apium graveolen.were chosen as material.The changes of seed vigor,viability and genetic stability after ultra-storage were discussed by studying the seed potentiality,shoot length,germination percentage and the chromosome aberration rate of root tip cells.[Results] Maintaining the low moisture content,different vegetable species had different storage effects of the long-term storage seeds under normal temperature.The Lycopersicum esculentum and Raphanus satuvus seeds were more suitable to ultra-dry storage at normal temperature,and could keep good genetic stability,while the seeds of Apium graveolen had bad performance.[Conclusion] This study established the foundation of studying ultra-dry storage of vegetable seeds.展开更多
The effects of pulsing electromagnetic fields(PEMFs)on cells are very important subjects in the field of bioelectromagnetics.In this experiment,the cytogenetic effects of PEMF on domestic pig lymphocytes were tested i...The effects of pulsing electromagnetic fields(PEMFs)on cells are very important subjects in the field of bioelectromagnetics.In this experiment,the cytogenetic effects of PEMF on domestic pig lymphocytes were tested in vitro.Pig lymphocytes in RPMI 1640 medium were exposed to PEMFs of 100 kHz and 200 kHz for 12,24 and 48 hours.Chromosomal aberrations(aneuploidy,breaks,gaps,et al)were significantly increased in exposed cultures,and of these aberrations,56%chromosomal or chromatid breaks and 42%gaps induced by PEMFs were the points of pig chromosomal fragile sites.The baseline frequency of sister chromatid exchange(SCE)increased after exposing lymphocytes continuously to PEMFs of 100 kHz and 200 kHz for 48 hours.These results suggested that the exposure to PEMFs might induce a type of DNA lesion and chromosomal aberrations.展开更多
Chromosomal abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletions are considered to be the two more common genetic causes of spermatogenic failure.However,the relati on ship between chromosomal aberrations and Y chromosome mi...Chromosomal abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletions are considered to be the two more common genetic causes of spermatogenic failure.However,the relati on ship between chromosomal aberrations and Y chromosome microdeletio ns is still un clear.This study was to investigate the incidenee and characteristics of chromosomal aberrations and Y chromosome microdeletions in infertile men,and to explore whether there was a correlation between the two genetic defects of spermatogenic failure.A 7-year retrospective study was conducted on 5465 infertile men with nonobstructive azoospermia or oligozoospermia.Karyotype analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed by standard G-banding techniques.Y chromosome microdeletions were screened by multiplex PCR amplification with six specific sequence-tagged site(STS)markers.Among the 5465 infertile men analyzed,371(6.8%)had Y chromosome microdeletions and the prevalence of microdeletions in azoospermia was 10.5%(259/2474)and in severe oligozoospermia was 6.3%(107/1705).A total of 4003(73.2%)infertile men underwent karyotyping;370(9.2%)had chromosomal abnormalities and 222(5.5%)had chromosomal polymorphisms.Karyotype analysis was performed on 272(73.3%)patients with Y chromosome microdeletions and 77(28.3%)had chromosomal aberrations,all of which involved sex chromosomes but not autosomes.There was a sign ifica nt d iff ere nee in the frequency of chromosomal abno rmalities betwee n men with and without Y chromosome microdeletions(P<0.05).展开更多
We describe the prenatal diagnosis and fetal phenotype of partial trisomy 12 （pl2-pter） transmitted from a maternal reciprocal translocation 6;12. Genetic analysis of umbilical cord blood of a 27-year-old woman, gra...We describe the prenatal diagnosis and fetal phenotype of partial trisomy 12 （pl2-pter） transmitted from a maternal reciprocal translocation 6;12. Genetic analysis of umbilical cord blood of a 27-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 1 at 35 weeks＇ gestation due to a tricuspid regurgitation and orbital hypertelorism by sonography revealed an unusual karyotype of 46, XY, der （6） t （6;12） （p24;p12） mat. The pregnancy was terminated at 37 gestational weeks. The proband postnatally displayed by dysmorphic features of a round flat face with prominent cheeks and high forehead, hypertelorism, a short nose, a broad and depressed nasal bridge, anteverted nares, a deformed philtrum, an open mouth, thin upper vermilion and broad everted lower lip, low-set ears and aural atresia, broad hands with simian creases, and a short neck. By anatomy, the fetal was found to have right artery catheter vagus, congenital cataract, no turbinate and external auditory canal. Through the karoytpye-phynotpye analysis on the present patient and a review of other reported cases, we believed that the case was the first report, which expanded the database of partial trisomy 12p, and was of benefit for future clinical genetic counseling. At the same time, this study supported the viewpoint that phenotypic variability depends on the type and extent of the associated partial monosomy展开更多
基金Project (No. SP/SO/HS-21/2002) supported by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi
文摘Turmeric has long been used as a spice and food colouring agent in Asia. In the present investigation, the antimutagenic potential of curcumin was evaluated in Allium cepa root meristem cells. So far there is no report on the biological properties of curcumin in plant test systems. The root tip cells were treated with sodium azide at 200 and 300 μg/ml for 3 h and curcumin was given at 5, 10 and 20 μg/ml for 16 h, prior to sodium azide treatment. The tips were squashed after colchicine treatment and the cells were analyzed for chromosome aberration and mitotic index. Curcumin induces chromosomal aberration in Allium cepa root tip cells in an insignificant manner, when compared with untreated control. Sodium azide alone induces chromosomal aberrations significantly with increasing concentrations. The total number of aberrations was significantly reduced in root tip cells pretreated with curcumin. The study reveals that curcumin has antimutagenic potential against sodium azide induced chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa root meristem cells. In addition, it showed mild cytotoxicity by reducing the percentage of mitotic index in all curcumin treated groups, but the mechanism of action remains unknown. The antimutagenic potential of curcumin is effective at 5 μg/ml in Allium cepa root meristem cells.
文摘In this study, freeze-dried water extract from the leaves of Myristica fragrans （Houtt.） was tested for mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials using the Allium cepa assay. Freeze-dried water extract alone and its combination with cyclophosphamide （CP） （50 mg/kg） were separately dissolved in tap water at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg. Onions （A. cepa） were suspended in the solutions and controls for 48 h in the dark. Root tips were prepared for microscopic evaluation. 2,2-Diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） free radicals＇ scavenging power of the extract was tested using butylated hydroxyanisole （BHA） and butylated hydroxytoluene （BHT） as standards. Water extract of Myristica fragrans scavenged free radicals better than BHA, but worse than BHT. The extract alone, as well as in combination with CP suppressed cell division, and induced chromosomal aberrations that were insignificantly different from the negative control （P≤0.05）. However, cytotoxic and mutagenic actions of CP were considerably suppressed. The observed effects on cell division and chromosomes of A. cepa may be principally connected to the antioxidant properties of the extract. The obtained results suggest mitodepressive and antimutagenic potentials of water extract of the leaves of M. fragrans as desirable properties of a promising anticancer agent.
文摘Propoxur is a widely used dithiocarbamate insecticide. In this study, the clastogenic effect of propoxur has been evaluated using chromosomal aberration assay in mouse bone marrow cells. Single i. p. administration of propoxur, at 25 mg/kg b.wt., a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and 12 .5mg/kg b.wt (50% of MTD) have significantly induced different types of aberrations after 24 h of treatment. The aberrations were dose and time dependent and reached a maximum after 24 h of exposure. The sresult suggest a genotoxic potential of propoxur.
基金National Research,Development and Innovation Fund of the Ministry of Culture and Innovation under the National Laboratories Program(National Tumor Biology Laboratory,Grant/Award Number:2022-2.1.1-NL-2022-00010)Senior Research Fellowship from National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia,Grant/Award Number:1156693+1 种基金Hungarian Thematic Excellence Program,Grant/Award Number:TKP2021-EGA-44Tour de Cure,Pioneering Grant,Grant/Award Number:RSP-253-18/19。
文摘Realistic models for cancer research representing disease progression that commensurately respond to therapeutics consistent with clinical observation are the holy grail for pre-clinical research and screening.Although such an ideal is elusive,well-characterized in vivo models facilitate our understanding of disease,progression,and therapeutic opportunities.Here,we characterize a commonly used syngeneic BALB/c mouse model of triple negative breast cancer(4T1)after establishing tumors in their flanks.Tumors developed at the subcutaneous injection site for all experimental mice and their volumes were monitored.We quantified a rare subset of breast cancer stemlike cells(CSCs),classified as CD44^(+)/CD24^(−)phenotypes in in vitro and ex vivo cell populations.Chromosome numbers in ex vivo metaphase cells were greater than cells cultured in vitro(89.4±3.4,range of 70-132 and 82.6±1.1,range of 70-128;respectively).Further,we observed different types of chromosome aberrations,including gap,deletion,exchange,interstitial deletion,terminal deletion,ring,dicentric,and Robertsonian translocations.For both sources of cells,the number of aberrations was dominated by deletions,terminal deletions,and Robertsonian translocations.Ex vivo cells exhibited greater prevalence of deletions and terminal deletions,whereas in vitro cells displayed more ring aberrations and Robertsonian translocations.In conclusion,we successfully characterized cancer cells from a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer in terms of rare CSC proportion and a variety of chromosomal aberrations,which is useful for understanding tumor traits associated with cancer development and therapeutic action.The data act as a valuable resource for other studies using the 4T1 BALB/c model.
基金This study was funded by Taif University Researchers Supporting Project No.(TURSP-2020/222),Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The hepatotoxic effect of potassium bromide(KBr)on rat liver tissues were determined,as well as the potential protective effect of Tegillaraca granosa(T.granosa)flesh body extract.Twenty adult male albino rats were equally distributed into four groups;Group(I)treated with physiological saline(control group),Group(II)was orally gavaged by 200 mg/kg of T.granosa body extract day after day,Group(III)was intoxicated by KBr(150 mg/kg bwt day after day orally)and finally,Group(IV)was given a combination of T.granosa flesh body extract plus KBr with similar doses in the second and third groups.At the end of one month,blood,liver tissue and bone marrow samples were collected to be used for the required laboratory examinations.In response to KBr toxicity,there was a significant increase in serum antioxidant biomarkers,which was accompanied by a significant change in hepatocyte ultrastructure and a significant change in carbohydrate and protein levels within the liver organ.In addition,KBr intoxication resulted in a substantial increase in the incidence of chromosomal aberrations such as holes,splits,deletions,fragments,ploidy,and ring chromosomes,as well as significant upregulation of TGF-1,VEGF,and COX-2 gene expression.The hepatotoxic effect of KBr was counteracted by treatment with T.granosa flesh body extract.T.granosa flesh body extract has a curative antioxidant and numerous protective effects against KBr hepatotoxicity.
文摘The aim of the present investigation was to study the major chromosomal aberrations （CA） like deletion, translocation, inversion and mosaic in prostate cancer patients of Tamilnadu, Southern India. Totally 45 blood samples were collected from various hospitals in Tamilnadu, Southern India. Equal numbers of normal healthy subjects were chosen after signing a consent form. Volunteers provided blood samples （5 ml） to establish leukocyte cultures. Cytogenetic studies were performed by using Giemsaanding technique and finally the results were ensured by spectral karyotyping （SKY） technique. In the present investigation, major CA like deletion, translocation, inversion and mosaic were identifed in experimental subjects. Results showed frequent CA in chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13, 16, 18 and X. In comparison with experimental subjects, the control subjects exhibited very low levels of major CA （P〈0.05）. In the present study, the high frequency of centromeric rearrangements indicates a potential role for mitotic irregularities associated with the centromere in prostate cancer tumorigenesis. Identification of chromosome alterations may be helpful in understanding the molecular basis of the disease in better manner.
基金the support of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institution of CAF(CAFYBB2018SY025)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2014AA021801)。
文摘An acute toxicity test in Sprague Dawley(SD)rats and a chromosomal aberration toxicity test in Chinese hamster lung(CHL)fibroblasts were conducted to promote the application of insect wax and its policosanol.Results of oral acute toxicity test showed that the LD;values of insect wax and its policosanol were higher than 5000 mg/kg.The rats showed no obvious toxic symptoms and survived,suggesting that these substances were not toxic.The chromosomal aberration rates of the CHL cells incubated with insect wax for 3-6 h under metabolic activation conditions and for 3-6 h and 24 h under non-metabolic activation conditions were lower than 5%.No significant difference was found compared with the negative control group.Also,no significant difference in chromosomal aberration rates was found between each dose group of policosanol under metabolic or non-metabolic activation conditions and the negative control group.Therefore,the chromosomal aberration rates of CHL cells treated with insect wax and its policosanol were negative regardless of metabolic activation conditions.These results indicate the absence of acute toxicity and potential chromosomal aberration in the tested dose range of insect wax and its policosanol.
文摘The effects of selected DNA repair inhibitors on the frequency of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-induced chromosome aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were evaluated. Trealment of HCMV-infected PBLs with camptothecin (0.05 to 0.3μg/ml), an inhibitor of topoisomerase I, for 30 hr resulted in a significant (P<0.01) synergistic enhancement of the frequency of HCMV-induced chromosome damage, on the other hand, a significant increase in the frequency of chromosome damage was not noted for infected PBLs treated with either 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) (3 to 30μg/ml), an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) poiymerase, ur novobiocin 3 to 30 |ig/ml) an inhibitor of topoiso-merase I or excision repair processes for 30 hr. chromatid-type breaks including chromosome exchanges were the predominant type of chromosome aberrations observed in the HCMV-infected cells treated with camptothecin suggesting that HCMV infection is associated with the induction of single-strand DNA breaks. Furthermore, these findings suggest that HCMV infection does rol inflict dircc: DNA damage which is repaired through 3-AB- or novobiocinsensitive pathways.Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common pathogen which irferfs about 80% of the world's population causing, for the most part, persistent subcliniclil infeclions (Wellcr, 1971). A relatively small percentage of otherwise healthy immunologically competent people experience clinical HCMV disease (Cohen et al., 1985). Generalized HCMV infection, however, is the bane of individuals whose immune system is compromised (Schooley, 1990) Rubin, 1990). Molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that HCMV is one of the most frequent cause of congenital infections and that these infections result in a high incidence of birth defects and developmental abnormalities (Alford et al., 1990). Several studies (Nachtigal et al., 1978; Luleci et al., 1980; AbuBakar et al., 1988) have shown that HCMV infectior can result in an increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations. Since the ability to cause chromosome damage may be significant in the induction of birth defects and possibly in HCMV-induced malignancy, we undertook the present investigation to evaluate the mechanisms by which HCMV may cause chromosome damage. In ths study, the effects of selected DNA repair inhibitors on the frequency of HCMV-induced chromosome aberrations were evaluated. The results indicae that the presence of camptothecin, but nut 3-aminobenzamidc (3-AB) ro novobiocin, results in a concentration-dependent increase in the frequent) of chromosome aberrations in HCMV-infected peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Accordingly, it is proposed that HCMV-induced chromosome damage in PBLs does not substantially involve DNA repair activities sensitive to inhibition of poly ADP-ribosylation or excision repair processes, but is related to camp of thccin-sersitive DNA repair, conceivably involving the activity of topoisomrrasc I .
文摘The chromosome and chromatid type aberration can be induced by benzene and the dicentric and ring ones were not observed in vitro experiment but observed in vivo one. In vitro experiment a good linear regression can be given between benzene concentrations and total aberration cells while power regression for radiation dose.The chromosome aberrations induced by benzene combined with radiation in rabbit blood lymphocytes are higher than in bone marrow cells.
文摘The phenomenon of cytogenetic adaptive and cross-adaptive response induced by low dose irradiation and chemical mutagen in mice is described. We found, firstly, that adaptation can be induced by acute low dose Xirradiation (0-100 mGy). Secondly, a cross-adaptation can occur between X-irradiation and mitomycin C (MMC). And finally, mice pre-exposed to chronic low dose rate￣(60)Co-Gamma irradiation (0-226.0 mGy/day) are less susceptible to chromosome aberration induced by subsequent acute higher Xirradiation. Therefore, our data suggest that radioadaptive response depends on dose, dose rate and time interval. Possible mechanisms are also discussed.
基金Xi Bu Zhi Guang Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.O606180XBO)
文摘The relationship between the penetration depth and the level and distribution of chromosomal aberration of the root tip cells were investigated by exposure of the superposed tomato seeds to 80 MeV/u carbon ions. The results showed that on the entrance of the beam the chromosomal aberration level was low. Damage such as breaks aud gaps were dominant. At the Bragg peak~ the chromosomal aberration level was high. The yields of dicentrics~ rings and disintegrated small chromosomes increased but the yields of breaks and gaps decreased. These results are consistent with the distribution of tile physical depth dose profile of carbon ions. It is effective to deposit the Bragg peak on the seeds to induce hereditary aberration in the mutation breeding with heavy ions.
文摘Accidentally or occupationally exposures to ionizing radiation generally involving the partial-body exposures and this may pose significant health hazards that are indicated by chromosome aberration （CA） induction. In this experiment, the quantification of the frequencies of CA was carried out based on cytogenetic analyses of peripheral blood samples obtained from 4 healthy volunteers as a result of simulation of partial-body exposures. The percentages of mixtures of blood samples irradiated in vitro with 2 Gy of gamma rays were 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100.0%. Lymphocytes were cultured and first-division metaphase cells were collected after culture times of 48 h and then harvested with standard procedures. The results showed that frequencies of unstable CA were depended on the percentage/portion of irradiated blood. All frequencies of observed CA was lower than that of calculated from 100% exposed blood, except in one case, indicating a phenomena of＂dilution＂ of unirradiated into irradiated lymphocytes though there could be a bystander effects taken place. The increasing in frequency for 25-100% portions was also comparable with other similar experiments. The quantification of CAs in lymphocytes is an important methodology of dose assessment for partial-body exposure to ionizing radiation, however, the scenario of exposure should be determined.
文摘Seeds of japonica rice cv.Zhenuo 2 with twodifferent physiological states(dry seeds withwater content 13% and wet seeds soaked in thewater for 36 h)were irradiated by COlaser infour different power-densities and durations re-spectively.The treatment irradiated with 200GY ofCo γ-rays was considered as control.The flesh root tips were cut and fixed inCarnoy’s fluid for cytological examination.
文摘Although metabolic homeostasis disruption,cellular damage,and premature senescence caused by salinity stress are well-documented in the literature,there are few studies investigating cytological changes induced by salinity stress within the altered metabolic landscape of rice,and this study aims to fill that gap.The cytological characterization of root tips(in terms of mitotic index and chromosomal abnormalities such as stickiness,laggards,fragments,bridges,micronuclei,ring chromosomes,and total mitotic abnormalities)was conducted on 10 experimental rice landraces from coastal Bangladesh,grown under post-imbibitional salinity stress(PISS),while correlating these changes with their metabolic status.The results revealed a strong correlation between salinity-induced cytological changes in root cells(mitotic index and chromosomal abnormalities)and the redox interactome status of all experimental rice landraces.The landraces Kutepatnai,Talmugur,Nonakochi,and Benapol,which exhibited a higher ability to mitigate PISS-induced chromosomal abnormalities and improve mitotic index,also showed lower accumulation of oxidative stress markers(protein carbonylation,lipid peroxidation,prooxidant accumulation,oxidative stress index,reactive oxygen species(ROS)-antioxidative stress index,and efficiency of ROS processing via the Halliwell-Asada pathway)compared with more susceptible landraces(Charobalam,Jotaibalam,Kachra,and Lalmota).These findings underscore the role of redox biology in preventing chromotoxic effects under salinity stress.Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis,used to determine variations and similarities among the experimental rice landraces based on cytological attributes,redox interactome,and physiological phenotypes,classified the landraces according to their salinity tolerance and sensitivity.This study proposes a novel approach for exploring redox-regulated cytological fingerprints as a tool for identifying salinity-tolerant rice landraces.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81600459)National Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2016CFB312)+3 种基金Talent Introduction Project of Hubei Polytechnic University(No.15xjz03R)Industry-University Collaboration(No.KY2023-269)Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention Foundation(No.SB202103)Provincial College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.S202210920011).
文摘Background:Ethylhexyl triazone(EHT)and diethylhexyl butamido triazone(HEB)both belong to the recently developed class of triazine ultraviolet filters.However,their toxicity profiles remain unclear.Objective:To assess the genotoxic and phototoxic effects of EHT and HEB.Methods:The genotoxicity of EHT and HEB was assessed using in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assays,chromosomal aberration assays,and micronucleus assays.Meanwhile,their phototoxicity was evaluated using in vitro 3T3 neutral red uptake(NRU)phototoxicity assays and in vivo skin phototoxicity tests.Results:In the bacterial reverse mutation assay,the number of bacterial colonies was not significantly higher in the EHT and HEB groups than in the solvent control group.Similarly,the chromosomal aberration assay revealed no increase in aberration rates after either EHT or HEB treatment.In the micronucleus assay,the frequency of micronuclei was comparable between the treatment and control groups.Finally,based on the 3T3 NRU phototoxicity assay,both EHT and HEB(photo-irritation factor<2 and mean photo effect value<0.1)were classified as non-phototoxic.The skin phototoxicity test in vivo showed the same results as in vitro.Conclusion:Results from a series of genotoxicity and phototoxicity assays indicate that EHT and HEB possess neither genotoxic nor phototoxic potential.These findings provide experimental evidence supporting the safety of EHT and HEB for topical applications.
基金Supported by Beijing Nova Program (2008B37)Beijing Municipal Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas ChineseScholars (20080006)~~
文摘[Objective] To study the long-term ultra-dry storage method and genetic stability of vegetable seeds.[Method] Seeds of Lycopersicum esculentum,Raphanus satuvus and Apium graveolen.were chosen as material.The changes of seed vigor,viability and genetic stability after ultra-storage were discussed by studying the seed potentiality,shoot length,germination percentage and the chromosome aberration rate of root tip cells.[Results] Maintaining the low moisture content,different vegetable species had different storage effects of the long-term storage seeds under normal temperature.The Lycopersicum esculentum and Raphanus satuvus seeds were more suitable to ultra-dry storage at normal temperature,and could keep good genetic stability,while the seeds of Apium graveolen had bad performance.[Conclusion] This study established the foundation of studying ultra-dry storage of vegetable seeds.
文摘The effects of pulsing electromagnetic fields(PEMFs)on cells are very important subjects in the field of bioelectromagnetics.In this experiment,the cytogenetic effects of PEMF on domestic pig lymphocytes were tested in vitro.Pig lymphocytes in RPMI 1640 medium were exposed to PEMFs of 100 kHz and 200 kHz for 12,24 and 48 hours.Chromosomal aberrations(aneuploidy,breaks,gaps,et al)were significantly increased in exposed cultures,and of these aberrations,56%chromosomal or chromatid breaks and 42%gaps induced by PEMFs were the points of pig chromosomal fragile sites.The baseline frequency of sister chromatid exchange(SCE)increased after exposing lymphocytes continuously to PEMFs of 100 kHz and 200 kHz for 48 hours.These results suggested that the exposure to PEMFs might induce a type of DNA lesion and chromosomal aberrations.
基金We should like to thank our patients for agreeing to donate their personal data and allowing the data to be published.We are grateful to Dr.Jiong Gao(BGI Genomics,BGI-Shenzhen,Shenzhen,China)for improving the article.The study was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1004903,and 2016YFC1000703)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2019C03025)+1 种基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81801441)and Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LQ19H090019).
文摘Chromosomal abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletions are considered to be the two more common genetic causes of spermatogenic failure.However,the relati on ship between chromosomal aberrations and Y chromosome microdeletio ns is still un clear.This study was to investigate the incidenee and characteristics of chromosomal aberrations and Y chromosome microdeletions in infertile men,and to explore whether there was a correlation between the two genetic defects of spermatogenic failure.A 7-year retrospective study was conducted on 5465 infertile men with nonobstructive azoospermia or oligozoospermia.Karyotype analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed by standard G-banding techniques.Y chromosome microdeletions were screened by multiplex PCR amplification with six specific sequence-tagged site(STS)markers.Among the 5465 infertile men analyzed,371(6.8%)had Y chromosome microdeletions and the prevalence of microdeletions in azoospermia was 10.5%(259/2474)and in severe oligozoospermia was 6.3%(107/1705).A total of 4003(73.2%)infertile men underwent karyotyping;370(9.2%)had chromosomal abnormalities and 222(5.5%)had chromosomal polymorphisms.Karyotype analysis was performed on 272(73.3%)patients with Y chromosome microdeletions and 77(28.3%)had chromosomal aberrations,all of which involved sex chromosomes but not autosomes.There was a sign ifica nt d iff ere nee in the frequency of chromosomal abno rmalities betwee n men with and without Y chromosome microdeletions(P<0.05).
文摘We describe the prenatal diagnosis and fetal phenotype of partial trisomy 12 （pl2-pter） transmitted from a maternal reciprocal translocation 6;12. Genetic analysis of umbilical cord blood of a 27-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 1 at 35 weeks＇ gestation due to a tricuspid regurgitation and orbital hypertelorism by sonography revealed an unusual karyotype of 46, XY, der （6） t （6;12） （p24;p12） mat. The pregnancy was terminated at 37 gestational weeks. The proband postnatally displayed by dysmorphic features of a round flat face with prominent cheeks and high forehead, hypertelorism, a short nose, a broad and depressed nasal bridge, anteverted nares, a deformed philtrum, an open mouth, thin upper vermilion and broad everted lower lip, low-set ears and aural atresia, broad hands with simian creases, and a short neck. By anatomy, the fetal was found to have right artery catheter vagus, congenital cataract, no turbinate and external auditory canal. Through the karoytpye-phynotpye analysis on the present patient and a review of other reported cases, we believed that the case was the first report, which expanded the database of partial trisomy 12p, and was of benefit for future clinical genetic counseling. At the same time, this study supported the viewpoint that phenotypic variability depends on the type and extent of the associated partial monosomy
