Identification of variables that influence differences between predicted and observed cycling times for one cyclist commuting to Okanagan College (OC) was performed using principal components analysis. These data were...Identification of variables that influence differences between predicted and observed cycling times for one cyclist commuting to Okanagan College (OC) was performed using principal components analysis. These data were used to create a personalized predictive time algorithm, which was subsequently applied in an isochrone map format centered on OC. A 29% difference in the area within the 20-minute commuting time was estimated, suggesting that potential residential location choices made with inaccurate isochrone maps are inaccurate. A comparison with an isochron cycling map for Trinity College Dublin was made to emphasise differences in the impact/implications of this type of map in the promotion of sustainable transportation for a post-secondary institution. It is determined that these maps may misinform new community members as to areas of residential location choice.展开更多
This study applies the basic theories of“Ethical Literary Criticism”proposed by Nie Zhenzhao to Arthur Miller’s play All My Sons,focusing on the ethical predicament Joe Keller faces in his specific ethical identity...This study applies the basic theories of“Ethical Literary Criticism”proposed by Nie Zhenzhao to Arthur Miller’s play All My Sons,focusing on the ethical predicament Joe Keller faces in his specific ethical identity within the ethical environment of his time.It further points out the process and the consequence of his ethical choices in the conflict between family interests and social responsibilities,so as to reveal the ethical teaching function of the play.Joe’s ethical predicament arises from the contradiction between his family roles and his desire for interests as a businessman.In this conflict,the interaction of the human factor and the animal factor within the“Sphinx factor”causes Joe to make two different ethical choices.Through Joe’s tragic fate,Miller reveals the ethical enlightenment in All My Sons:Individuals,families,and society are inextricably linked,so today’s citizens need to recognize their inherent social nature and fulfill ethical duties in both personal and social aspects.Miller uses the play to criticize the ethical ethos of 20th-century American society and calls on readers to reevaluate the instrumental rationality behind the American Dream.展开更多
Objective This study explored the job choice preferences of Center for Disease Prevention and Control(CDC)workers to provide CDC management information and recommendations for optimizing employee retention and motivat...Objective This study explored the job choice preferences of Center for Disease Prevention and Control(CDC)workers to provide CDC management information and recommendations for optimizing employee retention and motivation policies.Methods A discrete choice experiment was conducted in nine provinces across China.Seven key attributes were identified to analyze the job preferences of CDC workers.Mixed logit models,latent class models,and policy simulation tools were used.Results A valid sample of 5,944 cases was included in the analysis.All seven attributes significantly influenced the job choices of CDC workers.Heterogeneity analyses identified two main groups based on different levels of preference for attribute utility.Income-prioritizers were concerned with income and opportunities for career development,whereas bianzhi-prioritizers were concerned with bianzhi and welfare benefits.The policy simulation analysis revealed that income-prioritizers had a relatively higher sensitivity to multiple job preference incentives.Conclusion Income and bianzhi were the two key attributes influencing the job choices and retention preferences of CDC workers.Heterogeneity in job preferences was also identified.Based on the preference characteristics of different subgroups,policy content should be skewed to differentiate the importance of incentives.展开更多
This paper examines the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West through the lens of rational choice theory,with a particular focus on the logic of cultivation and behavioral decision-making.By incorporating the noti...This paper examines the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West through the lens of rational choice theory,with a particular focus on the logic of cultivation and behavioral decision-making.By incorporating the notion of“inner cultivation”(xin xing xiulian)into the analytical framework,we introduce the concept of the“cultivating economic agent,”aiming to explore how rationality is generated,evolved,and transcended throughout the spiritual journey.The study argues that,in the context of Eastern culture,rationality is not merely an innate or static faculty but one that can be cultivated and transformed.Through textual analysis of the behavioral trajectories of Sun Wukong,Zhu Bajie,and Tang Sanzang,we uncover a structured behavioral logic of“goal orientation–institutional discipline–purification of the mind.”The findings suggest that although cultivation behaviors are not utilitarian decisions per se,they exhibit rational characteristics such as goal stability,autonomous will,and embedded incentives.展开更多
This study examined gender differences in modal choice among residents of coastal communities of Yenagoa metropolis in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The Four-Step model of transportation planning and modal choice provided t...This study examined gender differences in modal choice among residents of coastal communities of Yenagoa metropolis in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The Four-Step model of transportation planning and modal choice provided the theoretical basis for this study. A survey research design involving a stratified sampling technique was adopted. The descriptives on transport modes, amount and time spent revealed that 10 (76.9%) males and 3 (23.1%) females preferred bicycle as means of transportation, 7 (58.3%) males and 5 (41.7%) females preferred motorcycle, while a significant proportion 90 (53.9%) males and 77 (46.1%) females preferred tricycle, 80 (63.0%) males and 47 (37.0%) females preferred cars/taxis, and 12 (46.2%) males and 14 (53.8%) females preferred mass transit bus. However, 14 (46.7%) males and 16 (53.3%) females in marshy terrain and coastal locations preferred canoes and boats. The result of the logistic regression model revealed that gender modal preference is more likely to be influenced by mode of transportation with a beta weight of 1.140, safety considerations 1.139, ownership of transport 1.135 and distance to place of work 1.073. Hence, this study recommends that a combination of these factors should be incorporated into transport planning to achieve effective transport planning and sustainable development in the Yenagoa metropolis.展开更多
Introduction: Sickle cell disease is one of the most common autosomal recessive inherited diseases. Its prevalence is increasing due to the perpetuity of carriers of the trait who are able to marry. Women aged 18 to 3...Introduction: Sickle cell disease is one of the most common autosomal recessive inherited diseases. Its prevalence is increasing due to the perpetuity of carriers of the trait who are able to marry. Women aged 18 to 35 years constitute the most reproductive age group. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of sickle cell trait among women aged 18 to 35 years and the attitude of women carriers towards the choice of a carrier spouse. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with analytical aims conducted from March to September 2024 in Kisangani. A total of 215 women aged 18 to 35 years presented for screening for sickle cell trait. This study described the following parameters: Sociodemographic data (age, level of education, socioeconomic level, marital status), obstetric and medical history (obstetric formula, sickle cell disease, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, asthma), knowledge of sickle cell disease (etiological classification, transmission, prevention, high-risk marriages, clinical manifestations, progression of the disease), attitude of the woman in relation to the choice of an AS spouse, as well as the reasons justifying each attitude. Results: The prevalence of sickle cell trait was 23.7% (51/215). A total of 64.3% of respondents had accepted the choice of spouse before confirmation of carrier status and 73.8% had refused after confirmation of carrier status. Choice was significantly related to age (p-value = 0.027), occupation (p-value = 0.015), parity (p-value = 0.039) and gesture (p-value = 0.034) before test. The ignorance of the union at risk was associated with the risk (p = 0.005;OR: 9.10;CI 95%: 2.03 - 4.81) of accepting the choice of a spouse carrying the trait. Conclusion: The prevalence of sickle cell trait among women aged 18 to 35 years in Kisangani remains within the limits of that of the general population. The choice of a spouse carrying sickle cell trait is associated with the woman’s age, her profession, parity, gestation and her knowledge about high-risk unions. Screening campaigns and health education sessions enable women carrying sickle cell trait to make a wise choice.展开更多
Find It Why was the third pig the smartest?nee upon a time,three little pigs lived with their mother.One day,she told them,"You are big now.Go build homes and take care of yourselves."So,the three pigs left ...Find It Why was the third pig the smartest?nee upon a time,three little pigs lived with their mother.One day,she told them,"You are big now.Go build homes and take care of yourselves."So,the three pigs left and went to find places to live.The first little pig didn't like to work hard.He found some straw.展开更多
While celebrating 50 years of diplomatic ties,China and the EU are deepening their strategic partnership to counter U.S.-China tensions and Europe’s own geopolitical and economic challenges.
Traffic assignment models are one of the basic tools for the analysis and design of transportation systems. However, the existing models have some defects. Considering the characteristics of Chinese urban mixed traffi...Traffic assignment models are one of the basic tools for the analysis and design of transportation systems. However, the existing models have some defects. Considering the characteristics of Chinese urban mixed traffic and the randomness of transportation information, the author develops a combinatorial model involving stochastic choices of destination, mode and route. Its uniqueness and equivalance are also proved by the optimization theory.展开更多
The effects of socio-demographics, land use characteristics and trip attributes on the commute mode choice are studied with a nested logit （NL） model. Based on the random utility maximum theory, the NL model is form...The effects of socio-demographics, land use characteristics and trip attributes on the commute mode choice are studied with a nested logit （NL） model. Based on the random utility maximum theory, the NL model is formulated. The analysis is carried out in the main area of Nanjing. Direct and cross elasticities are calculated to analyze the effects of travel time and travel cost on the selection of travel mode choice. The results reveal that the non-motorized travel modes are more attractive in the areas with higher housing and employment accessibility and car owners are found to be more likely to commute to work by car. The bus and subway choice probabilities are more sensitive to changes in travel times than to changes in travel costs. In conclusion, a comprehensive public transit system and effective integration of land use and transportation policies help to relieve the traffic congestion levels caused by the increasing urban sprawl.展开更多
In order to improve the use efficiency of curb parking, a reasonable curb parking pricing is evaluated by considering individual parking choice behavior. The parking choice behavior is analyzed from micro-aspects, and...In order to improve the use efficiency of curb parking, a reasonable curb parking pricing is evaluated by considering individual parking choice behavior. The parking choice behavior is analyzed from micro-aspects, and the choice behavior utility function is established combining trip time, search time, waiting time, access time and parking fee. By the utility function, a probit-based parking choice behavior model is constructed. On the basis of these, the curb parking pricing model is deduced by considering the constrained conditions, and an incremental assignment algorithm of the model is also designed. Finally, the model is applied to the parking planning of Tongling city. It is pointed out that the average parking time of curb parking decreases 34%, and the average turnover rate increases 67% under the computed parking price system. The results show that the model can optimize the utilization of static traffic facilities.展开更多
Research about the auto commuter＇s pre-trip route choice behavior ignores the combined influence of the real-time information and all respondents＇ historical information in the existing documents.To overcome this sh...Research about the auto commuter＇s pre-trip route choice behavior ignores the combined influence of the real-time information and all respondents＇ historical information in the existing documents.To overcome this shortcoming,an approach to describing the pre-trip route choice behavior with the incorporation of the real-time and historical information is proposed.Two types of real-time information are investigated,which are quantitative information and prescriptive information.By using the bounded rationality theory,the influence of historical information on the real-time information reference process is examined first.Estimation results show that the historical information has a significant influence on the quantitative information reference process,but not on the prescriptive information reference process.Then the route choice behavior is modeled.A comparison is also made among three route choice models,one of which does not incorporate the real-time information reference process,while the others do.Estimation results show that the route choice behavior is better described with the consideration of the reference process of both quantitative and prescriptive information.展开更多
In view of the problem that the requirements of travel demand management and traffic policy-sensitivity are ignored during the establishment process of the travel demand forecasting model, a discrete-choice-based trav...In view of the problem that the requirements of travel demand management and traffic policy-sensitivity are ignored during the establishment process of the travel demand forecasting model, a discrete-choice-based travel demand forecasting model is proposed to demonstrate its applicability to travel demand management. A car-bus discrete choice model is established, including three variables, i. e,, individual socioeconomic characteristics, time, and cost, and the traffic policy-sensitivity is evaluated through two kinds of traffic policies： parking charges and bus priorities. The empirical results show that travel choice is insensitive to the policy of parking charges as 88. 41% of the travelers are insensitive to parking charges; travel choice is, however, sensitive to the policy of bus priorities as 67.70% of the car travelers and 77.02% of the bus travelers are sensitive to bus priorities. The discrete-choice-based travel demand forecasting model is quite policy-sensitive and also has a good adaptability for travel demand management when meeting the basic functions of the demand forecasting model.展开更多
A logit-based discrete choice model is proposed to study the exit choice behaviour of evacuees in rooms with internal obstacles and multiple exits. Several factors influencing the exit choice behaviour, including the ...A logit-based discrete choice model is proposed to study the exit choice behaviour of evacuees in rooms with internal obstacles and multiple exits. Several factors influencing the exit choice behaviour, including the information obtained by evacuees, the tendency of following others, the visibility and familiarity of exits and the physical conditions of nearby exits, are considered. Evacuees are allowed to re-select their target exits for minimizing the perceived disutility during evacuation process. Numerical results from applying the model to cellular automata simulation of evacuation are presented and the effects of some model parameters on evacuation time are investigated.展开更多
Although the majority of studies on mate choice focus on female mate choice, there is growing recognition of the role of male mate choice too. Male mate choice is tightly linked to 2 other phenomena： female competiti...Although the majority of studies on mate choice focus on female mate choice, there is growing recognition of the role of male mate choice too. Male mate choice is tightly linked to 2 other phenomena： female competition for males and ornamentation in females. In the current article, I review the existing literature on this in a group of fishes, Poeciliidae. In this group, male mate choice appears to be based on differences in female quality, especially female size, which is a proxy for fecundity. Some males also have to choose between heterospecific and conspecific females in the unusual mating system of the Amazon molly. In this case, they typically show a preference for conspecific females. Whereas male mate choice is relatively well documented for this family, female ornamentation and female competition are not.展开更多
In recent years,there have been important developments in the joint analysis of the travel behavior based on discrete choice models as well as in the formulation of increasingly flexible closed-form models belonging t...In recent years,there have been important developments in the joint analysis of the travel behavior based on discrete choice models as well as in the formulation of increasingly flexible closed-form models belonging to the generalized extreme value class.The objective of this work is to describe the simultaneous choice of shopping destination and travel-to-shop mode in downtown area by making use of the cross-nested logit(CNL) structure that allows for potential spatial correlation.The analysis uses data collected in the downtown areas of Maryland-Washington,D.C.region for shopping trips,considering household,individual,land use,and travel-related characteristics.The estimation results show that the dissimilarity parameter in the CNL model is 0.37 and significant at the 95% level,indicating that the alternatives have high spatial correlation for the short shopping distance.The results of analysis reveal detailed significant influences on travel behavior of joint choice shopping destination and travel mode.Moreover,a Monte Carlo simulation for a group of scenarios arising from transportation policies and parking fees in downtown area,was undertaken to examine the impact of a change in car travel cost on the shopping destination and travel mode switching.These findings have important implications for transportation demand management and urban planning.展开更多
1文献来源Lu Y-S, Mahidin EIBM, Azim H, et al.Abstract GS1-10:Primary results from the randomized phaseⅡRIGHT Choice trial of premenopausal patients with aggressive HR+/HER2-advanced breast cancer treated with ribocic...1文献来源Lu Y-S, Mahidin EIBM, Azim H, et al.Abstract GS1-10:Primary results from the randomized phaseⅡRIGHT Choice trial of premenopausal patients with aggressive HR+/HER2-advanced breast cancer treated with ribociclib+endocrine therapy vs physician’s choice combination chemotherapy[J].Cancer Res,2023,83(5S):GS1-10.展开更多
This paper aims to provide a decision-making method for the transportation management strategies in guiding the transformation of trip mode choice during planned special events. The Expo 2010 Shanghai is taken as an e...This paper aims to provide a decision-making method for the transportation management strategies in guiding the transformation of trip mode choice during planned special events. The Expo 2010 Shanghai is taken as an example, and a structural equation model is employed to analyze the dynamic mechanism of trip mode choice behavior and the effectiveness of the transportation management measures at different stages. Based on the difference between the objective-oriented stated preference （SP） survey results and the objectives, together with the feedback from the previous stage survey, some adjustments on the transportation management measures are made in the next stage of the planning process until the objectives are eventually achieved. The results indicate that the adjustments on transportation management measures at different stages can effectively raise the transit share to 88.6%. Nonlocal visitors are inclined to choose nonstop modes of transportation and the companion attributes have the most significant effects on the trip mode choices of visitors. The research method is proved to be an effective way to support the decision making process of transportation management measures during planned special events in the future.展开更多
文摘Identification of variables that influence differences between predicted and observed cycling times for one cyclist commuting to Okanagan College (OC) was performed using principal components analysis. These data were used to create a personalized predictive time algorithm, which was subsequently applied in an isochrone map format centered on OC. A 29% difference in the area within the 20-minute commuting time was estimated, suggesting that potential residential location choices made with inaccurate isochrone maps are inaccurate. A comparison with an isochron cycling map for Trinity College Dublin was made to emphasise differences in the impact/implications of this type of map in the promotion of sustainable transportation for a post-secondary institution. It is determined that these maps may misinform new community members as to areas of residential location choice.
文摘This study applies the basic theories of“Ethical Literary Criticism”proposed by Nie Zhenzhao to Arthur Miller’s play All My Sons,focusing on the ethical predicament Joe Keller faces in his specific ethical identity within the ethical environment of his time.It further points out the process and the consequence of his ethical choices in the conflict between family interests and social responsibilities,so as to reveal the ethical teaching function of the play.Joe’s ethical predicament arises from the contradiction between his family roles and his desire for interests as a businessman.In this conflict,the interaction of the human factor and the animal factor within the“Sphinx factor”causes Joe to make two different ethical choices.Through Joe’s tragic fate,Miller reveals the ethical enlightenment in All My Sons:Individuals,families,and society are inextricably linked,so today’s citizens need to recognize their inherent social nature and fulfill ethical duties in both personal and social aspects.Miller uses the play to criticize the ethical ethos of 20th-century American society and calls on readers to reevaluate the instrumental rationality behind the American Dream.
基金supported by the Major Program of the National Social Science Foundation of China(no.2022YFC3600801)the Operation of Public Health Emergency Response Mechanisms of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(no.102393220020010000017)。
文摘Objective This study explored the job choice preferences of Center for Disease Prevention and Control(CDC)workers to provide CDC management information and recommendations for optimizing employee retention and motivation policies.Methods A discrete choice experiment was conducted in nine provinces across China.Seven key attributes were identified to analyze the job preferences of CDC workers.Mixed logit models,latent class models,and policy simulation tools were used.Results A valid sample of 5,944 cases was included in the analysis.All seven attributes significantly influenced the job choices of CDC workers.Heterogeneity analyses identified two main groups based on different levels of preference for attribute utility.Income-prioritizers were concerned with income and opportunities for career development,whereas bianzhi-prioritizers were concerned with bianzhi and welfare benefits.The policy simulation analysis revealed that income-prioritizers had a relatively higher sensitivity to multiple job preference incentives.Conclusion Income and bianzhi were the two key attributes influencing the job choices and retention preferences of CDC workers.Heterogeneity in job preferences was also identified.Based on the preference characteristics of different subgroups,policy content should be skewed to differentiate the importance of incentives.
文摘This paper examines the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West through the lens of rational choice theory,with a particular focus on the logic of cultivation and behavioral decision-making.By incorporating the notion of“inner cultivation”(xin xing xiulian)into the analytical framework,we introduce the concept of the“cultivating economic agent,”aiming to explore how rationality is generated,evolved,and transcended throughout the spiritual journey.The study argues that,in the context of Eastern culture,rationality is not merely an innate or static faculty but one that can be cultivated and transformed.Through textual analysis of the behavioral trajectories of Sun Wukong,Zhu Bajie,and Tang Sanzang,we uncover a structured behavioral logic of“goal orientation–institutional discipline–purification of the mind.”The findings suggest that although cultivation behaviors are not utilitarian decisions per se,they exhibit rational characteristics such as goal stability,autonomous will,and embedded incentives.
文摘This study examined gender differences in modal choice among residents of coastal communities of Yenagoa metropolis in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The Four-Step model of transportation planning and modal choice provided the theoretical basis for this study. A survey research design involving a stratified sampling technique was adopted. The descriptives on transport modes, amount and time spent revealed that 10 (76.9%) males and 3 (23.1%) females preferred bicycle as means of transportation, 7 (58.3%) males and 5 (41.7%) females preferred motorcycle, while a significant proportion 90 (53.9%) males and 77 (46.1%) females preferred tricycle, 80 (63.0%) males and 47 (37.0%) females preferred cars/taxis, and 12 (46.2%) males and 14 (53.8%) females preferred mass transit bus. However, 14 (46.7%) males and 16 (53.3%) females in marshy terrain and coastal locations preferred canoes and boats. The result of the logistic regression model revealed that gender modal preference is more likely to be influenced by mode of transportation with a beta weight of 1.140, safety considerations 1.139, ownership of transport 1.135 and distance to place of work 1.073. Hence, this study recommends that a combination of these factors should be incorporated into transport planning to achieve effective transport planning and sustainable development in the Yenagoa metropolis.
文摘Introduction: Sickle cell disease is one of the most common autosomal recessive inherited diseases. Its prevalence is increasing due to the perpetuity of carriers of the trait who are able to marry. Women aged 18 to 35 years constitute the most reproductive age group. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of sickle cell trait among women aged 18 to 35 years and the attitude of women carriers towards the choice of a carrier spouse. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with analytical aims conducted from March to September 2024 in Kisangani. A total of 215 women aged 18 to 35 years presented for screening for sickle cell trait. This study described the following parameters: Sociodemographic data (age, level of education, socioeconomic level, marital status), obstetric and medical history (obstetric formula, sickle cell disease, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, asthma), knowledge of sickle cell disease (etiological classification, transmission, prevention, high-risk marriages, clinical manifestations, progression of the disease), attitude of the woman in relation to the choice of an AS spouse, as well as the reasons justifying each attitude. Results: The prevalence of sickle cell trait was 23.7% (51/215). A total of 64.3% of respondents had accepted the choice of spouse before confirmation of carrier status and 73.8% had refused after confirmation of carrier status. Choice was significantly related to age (p-value = 0.027), occupation (p-value = 0.015), parity (p-value = 0.039) and gesture (p-value = 0.034) before test. The ignorance of the union at risk was associated with the risk (p = 0.005;OR: 9.10;CI 95%: 2.03 - 4.81) of accepting the choice of a spouse carrying the trait. Conclusion: The prevalence of sickle cell trait among women aged 18 to 35 years in Kisangani remains within the limits of that of the general population. The choice of a spouse carrying sickle cell trait is associated with the woman’s age, her profession, parity, gestation and her knowledge about high-risk unions. Screening campaigns and health education sessions enable women carrying sickle cell trait to make a wise choice.
文摘Find It Why was the third pig the smartest?nee upon a time,three little pigs lived with their mother.One day,she told them,"You are big now.Go build homes and take care of yourselves."So,the three pigs left and went to find places to live.The first little pig didn't like to work hard.He found some straw.
文摘While celebrating 50 years of diplomatic ties,China and the EU are deepening their strategic partnership to counter U.S.-China tensions and Europe’s own geopolitical and economic challenges.
文摘Traffic assignment models are one of the basic tools for the analysis and design of transportation systems. However, the existing models have some defects. Considering the characteristics of Chinese urban mixed traffic and the randomness of transportation information, the author develops a combinatorial model involving stochastic choices of destination, mode and route. Its uniqueness and equivalance are also proved by the optimization theory.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50908051)
文摘The effects of socio-demographics, land use characteristics and trip attributes on the commute mode choice are studied with a nested logit （NL） model. Based on the random utility maximum theory, the NL model is formulated. The analysis is carried out in the main area of Nanjing. Direct and cross elasticities are calculated to analyze the effects of travel time and travel cost on the selection of travel mode choice. The results reveal that the non-motorized travel modes are more attractive in the areas with higher housing and employment accessibility and car owners are found to be more likely to commute to work by car. The bus and subway choice probabilities are more sensitive to changes in travel times than to changes in travel costs. In conclusion, a comprehensive public transit system and effective integration of land use and transportation policies help to relieve the traffic congestion levels caused by the increasing urban sprawl.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No50308005), the National Basic Research Program of China (973Program) (No2006CB705500)
文摘In order to improve the use efficiency of curb parking, a reasonable curb parking pricing is evaluated by considering individual parking choice behavior. The parking choice behavior is analyzed from micro-aspects, and the choice behavior utility function is established combining trip time, search time, waiting time, access time and parking fee. By the utility function, a probit-based parking choice behavior model is constructed. On the basis of these, the curb parking pricing model is deduced by considering the constrained conditions, and an incremental assignment algorithm of the model is also designed. Finally, the model is applied to the parking planning of Tongling city. It is pointed out that the average parking time of curb parking decreases 34%, and the average turnover rate increases 67% under the computed parking price system. The results show that the model can optimize the utilization of static traffic facilities.
基金The Scientific Research Innovation Project for College Graduates in Jiangsu Province(No.CX10B_071Z)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2011AA110304)
文摘Research about the auto commuter＇s pre-trip route choice behavior ignores the combined influence of the real-time information and all respondents＇ historical information in the existing documents.To overcome this shortcoming,an approach to describing the pre-trip route choice behavior with the incorporation of the real-time and historical information is proposed.Two types of real-time information are investigated,which are quantitative information and prescriptive information.By using the bounded rationality theory,the influence of historical information on the real-time information reference process is examined first.Estimation results show that the historical information has a significant influence on the quantitative information reference process,but not on the prescriptive information reference process.Then the route choice behavior is modeled.A comparison is also made among three route choice models,one of which does not incorporate the real-time information reference process,while the others do.Estimation results show that the route choice behavior is better described with the consideration of the reference process of both quantitative and prescriptive information.
文摘In view of the problem that the requirements of travel demand management and traffic policy-sensitivity are ignored during the establishment process of the travel demand forecasting model, a discrete-choice-based travel demand forecasting model is proposed to demonstrate its applicability to travel demand management. A car-bus discrete choice model is established, including three variables, i. e,, individual socioeconomic characteristics, time, and cost, and the traffic policy-sensitivity is evaluated through two kinds of traffic policies： parking charges and bus priorities. The empirical results show that travel choice is insensitive to the policy of parking charges as 88. 41% of the travelers are insensitive to parking charges; travel choice is, however, sensitive to the policy of bus priorities as 67.70% of the car travelers and 77.02% of the bus travelers are sensitive to bus priorities. The discrete-choice-based travel demand forecasting model is quite policy-sensitive and also has a good adaptability for travel demand management when meeting the basic functions of the demand forecasting model.
基金Projects supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB705503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 70521001)
文摘A logit-based discrete choice model is proposed to study the exit choice behaviour of evacuees in rooms with internal obstacles and multiple exits. Several factors influencing the exit choice behaviour, including the information obtained by evacuees, the tendency of following others, the visibility and familiarity of exits and the physical conditions of nearby exits, are considered. Evacuees are allowed to re-select their target exits for minimizing the perceived disutility during evacuation process. Numerical results from applying the model to cellular automata simulation of evacuation are presented and the effects of some model parameters on evacuation time are investigated.
文摘Although the majority of studies on mate choice focus on female mate choice, there is growing recognition of the role of male mate choice too. Male mate choice is tightly linked to 2 other phenomena： female competition for males and ornamentation in females. In the current article, I review the existing literature on this in a group of fishes, Poeciliidae. In this group, male mate choice appears to be based on differences in female quality, especially female size, which is a proxy for fecundity. Some males also have to choose between heterospecific and conspecific females in the unusual mating system of the Amazon molly. In this case, they typically show a preference for conspecific females. Whereas male mate choice is relatively well documented for this family, female ornamentation and female competition are not.
基金Projects(JCYJ20120615145601342,JCYJ20130325151523015)supported by Shenzhen Science and Technology Development Funding-Fundamental Research Plan,ChinaProject(2013U-6)supported by Key Laboratory of Eco Planning & Green Building,Ministry of Education(Tsinghua University),China
文摘In recent years,there have been important developments in the joint analysis of the travel behavior based on discrete choice models as well as in the formulation of increasingly flexible closed-form models belonging to the generalized extreme value class.The objective of this work is to describe the simultaneous choice of shopping destination and travel-to-shop mode in downtown area by making use of the cross-nested logit(CNL) structure that allows for potential spatial correlation.The analysis uses data collected in the downtown areas of Maryland-Washington,D.C.region for shopping trips,considering household,individual,land use,and travel-related characteristics.The estimation results show that the dissimilarity parameter in the CNL model is 0.37 and significant at the 95% level,indicating that the alternatives have high spatial correlation for the short shopping distance.The results of analysis reveal detailed significant influences on travel behavior of joint choice shopping destination and travel mode.Moreover,a Monte Carlo simulation for a group of scenarios arising from transportation policies and parking fees in downtown area,was undertaken to examine the impact of a change in car travel cost on the shopping destination and travel mode switching.These findings have important implications for transportation demand management and urban planning.
文摘1文献来源Lu Y-S, Mahidin EIBM, Azim H, et al.Abstract GS1-10:Primary results from the randomized phaseⅡRIGHT Choice trial of premenopausal patients with aggressive HR+/HER2-advanced breast cancer treated with ribociclib+endocrine therapy vs physician’s choice combination chemotherapy[J].Cancer Res,2023,83(5S):GS1-10.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51278363)
文摘This paper aims to provide a decision-making method for the transportation management strategies in guiding the transformation of trip mode choice during planned special events. The Expo 2010 Shanghai is taken as an example, and a structural equation model is employed to analyze the dynamic mechanism of trip mode choice behavior and the effectiveness of the transportation management measures at different stages. Based on the difference between the objective-oriented stated preference （SP） survey results and the objectives, together with the feedback from the previous stage survey, some adjustments on the transportation management measures are made in the next stage of the planning process until the objectives are eventually achieved. The results indicate that the adjustments on transportation management measures at different stages can effectively raise the transit share to 88.6%. Nonlocal visitors are inclined to choose nonstop modes of transportation and the companion attributes have the most significant effects on the trip mode choices of visitors. The research method is proved to be an effective way to support the decision making process of transportation management measures during planned special events in the future.
