Comparing to its sister-family （Rhinolophidae）, Hipposideridae was less studied by cytogenetic approaches. Only a few high-resolution G-banded karyotypes have been reported so far, and most of the conclusions on the...Comparing to its sister-family （Rhinolophidae）, Hipposideridae was less studied by cytogenetic approaches. Only a few high-resolution G-banded karyotypes have been reported so far, and most of the conclusions on the karyotypic evolution in Hipposideridae were based on conventional Giemsa-staining. In this study, we applied comparative chromosome painting, a method of choice for genome-wide comparison at the molecular level, and G- and C-banding to establish comparative map between five hipposiderid species from China, using a whole set of chromosome-specific painting probes from one of them （Aselliscus stoliczkanus）. G-band and C-band comparisons between homologous segments defined by chromosome painting revealed that Robertsonian translocations, paracentric inversions and heterochromatin addition could be the main mechanism of chromosome evolution in Hipposideridae. Comparative analysis of the conserved chromosomal segments among five hipposiderid species and outgroup species suggests that bi-armed chromosomes should be included into the ancestral karyotype of Hipposideridae, which was previously believed to be exclusively composed of acrocentric chromosomes.展开更多
Rapid climate change has provided the opportunity for many species to learn to adapt fast enough to modify their range distribution.The positive and negative responses of the species in terms of distribution are relat...Rapid climate change has provided the opportunity for many species to learn to adapt fast enough to modify their range distribution.The positive and negative responses of the species in terms of distribution are related to parameters such as kind of species,degree of specialization,size and movement skills,and such factors.Moving to high elevations and transitions to higher latitudes are among the strategies proposed as a solution to the negative effects of climate change.Therefore,predicting how different species respond to climate change can help predict the conservation program for them.Species distribution models(SDMs)are widely used to predict the geographical distribution of habitat suitability and species occurrence.Rhinopoma muscatellum is one of the three mousetailed bats(Rhinopomatidae)inhabiting the southeastern,southern,and southwestern parts of Iran and its distribution range to the interior and northern parts of Iran has been limited by the Elburz and Zagros Mountain.To study the effect of climate change on this species,range shifts and coverage of protected regions,74 presence points and environmental variables(climate,topography,anthropogenic,and vegetation)in MaxEnt software were used.Before the implementation of the model,the autocorrelation of the presence points was reduced and the selection of pseudo absent points was limited by using the bias grid.Climate variables were prepared for Mid-Holocene,Current,Climate Current,and Future scenarios in 2070(RCP2.6,RCP4.5,RCP6,and RCP8.5).In order to evaluate the overlap of ecological niche,the Schoener’s D and I statistic metrics were used.Also,to measure the breadth of the niches,B1(inverse concentration)and B2(uncertainty)metrics in ENMTOOLS software were employed.TSS statistics were used as a threshold.Species distribution trend changes in climatic scenarios were performed by the Mann Kendall(MK)test.Based on the results,the AUC values for current and future climate models were calculated to be 0.89 and 0.85,respectively.The distance from settlement,soil organic carbon,and altitude variables have the greatest impact on the current distribution of the species;and among the climatic variables,Isothermality(Bio3),Temperature Seasonality(Bio4),and Max Temperature of Warmest Month(Bio5)had the greatest impact on species distribution.The results showed that in climate change scenarios by 2070,the distribution range and breadth of climatic niche of Rhinopoma muscatellum will be significantly increased(P-value<0.05),habitat fragmentation will be reduced,and in RCP8.5 scenario it will reach the maximum distribution(39.38%of total Iran).This increase will cover the Elburz and Zagros mountain ranges,and a large part of the country will be suitable for the species.In response to current climate change,migration to higher latitudes was identified in this study.Among the main different classes of protected regions in Iran(National parks,Wildlife refuges,and Protected areas),protected areas in all scenarios had the most coverage of the suitable species habitat.展开更多
The phylogenetic relationships within the order Chiroptera(bats)have long been debated.The suborder classification of Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera,based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic studies,remai...The phylogenetic relationships within the order Chiroptera(bats)have long been debated.The suborder classification of Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera,based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic studies,remains controversial.The topologies of the superfamilies Noctilionoidea,Emballonuridea,and Vespertilionidea,as well as the subfamilies within Vespertiliondae and Phyllostomatidae and tribes within Vespertilionae,are unstable.Moreover,the classification of the species group within Rhinolophus remains to be clarified.To address these issues,we compiled a dataset of 219 complete mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)for 187 bat species,including 54 newly sequenced mitogenomes.This extensive dataset covers 13 bat families and 32%of all extant bat genera,enabling the construction of a comprehensive bat phylogeny.Furthermore,we constructed a phylogenetic tree containing 50 bat species based on 200 orthologous nuclear genes to compare with the mitogenome-based phylogeny.Our results supported the suborder classification of Yinptero-and Yangochiroptera.Bayesian dating suggests that bats originated approximately 59 Mya,with two suborders diverging at the beginning of the Eocene epoch.Our findings highly supported the superfamily Emballonuridea as the sister to Noctilionoidea and Vespertilionidea.We found that conflicts in suborder and superfamily topologies were mainly caused by incomplete lineage sorting.Furthermore,we refined the topology of subfamilies within Vespertiliondae and Phyllomatidae,and six tribes within Vespertilioninae.Our study also revealed Myotinae as a subfamily rather than a family.Additionally,we observed a decrease in C/T ratios in the family Vespertilionidae,likely related to their higher mass-specific metabolic rates.We identified a significant negative correlation between selection pressure on COX3 and migratory distance,indicating its importance in flight adaptability.This study offers novel insights into bat phylogeny and flight adaptation.展开更多
Temperate forest ecosystems are important habitats for many bat species. However, these habitats are increasingly affected by anthropogenic disturbances, particularly urban development, leading to landscapes with vary...Temperate forest ecosystems are important habitats for many bat species. However, these habitats are increasingly affected by anthropogenic disturbances, particularly urban development, leading to landscapes with varying land cover composition and configuration. Limited research has examined how forest and urban landscape composition and configuration influence bat activity and diversity. Using a multi-year statewide bat acoustic monitoring dataset from North Carolina, USA, we investigated the effects of forest and urban composition and configuration at multiple spatial scales on bat activity and diversity. First, we constructed single-variable landscape index regression models and found that both the composition and configuration of forests and urban developments influenced bat activity and diversity in a species-specific manner. Next, we applied a hierarchical partitioning approach to compare the relative contributions of composition and configuration indices in explaining variance in bat activity. For big brown bats and hoary bats, evergreen forest and urban development composition indices contributed the most to explaining activity variance. In contrast, for eastern red bats, evening bats, and tricolored bats, deciduous forest fragmentation indices describing landscape configuration were the most influential factors. Silver-haired bat activity variance was primarily explained by an evergreen forest fragmentation index. Lastly, urban development configuration indices were the strongest predictors of Mexican free-tailed bat activity and total bat activity. These results suggest that forest and urban landscape configuration should be considered in conservation and management planning for North American temperate forest ecosystems, particularly in regions that have not experienced drastic deforestation in recent decades.展开更多
鼠耳蝠(Myotis)是蝙蝠科(Vespertilionidae)中种类最多的类群之一,全世界共有100余种(Wilson and Mittermeier,2019),中国分布有27种,其中在广西分布有7种(魏辅文等,2022)。本研究组于2023年5—6月调查广西翼手目资源期间,使用手抄网捕...鼠耳蝠(Myotis)是蝙蝠科(Vespertilionidae)中种类最多的类群之一,全世界共有100余种(Wilson and Mittermeier,2019),中国分布有27种,其中在广西分布有7种(魏辅文等,2022)。本研究组于2023年5—6月调查广西翼手目资源期间,使用手抄网捕获7只蝙蝠,其中4只体型中等偏小(标本号:GIZ230833♀、GIZ230849♀、GIZ230896♂、GIZ232309♂),结合形态学与分子系统学进行物种鉴定,为霍氏鼠耳蝠(Myotis horsfieldii);另外3只体型中等(标本号:GIZ231087♀、GIZ231088♂、GIZ231089♀),经鉴定,为印支鼠耳蝠(M.indochinensis),皆为广西蝙蝠分布新记录种。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30770293)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2005DKA21502)
文摘Comparing to its sister-family （Rhinolophidae）, Hipposideridae was less studied by cytogenetic approaches. Only a few high-resolution G-banded karyotypes have been reported so far, and most of the conclusions on the karyotypic evolution in Hipposideridae were based on conventional Giemsa-staining. In this study, we applied comparative chromosome painting, a method of choice for genome-wide comparison at the molecular level, and G- and C-banding to establish comparative map between five hipposiderid species from China, using a whole set of chromosome-specific painting probes from one of them （Aselliscus stoliczkanus）. G-band and C-band comparisons between homologous segments defined by chromosome painting revealed that Robertsonian translocations, paracentric inversions and heterochromatin addition could be the main mechanism of chromosome evolution in Hipposideridae. Comparative analysis of the conserved chromosomal segments among five hipposiderid species and outgroup species suggests that bi-armed chromosomes should be included into the ancestral karyotype of Hipposideridae, which was previously believed to be exclusively composed of acrocentric chromosomes.
基金the Razi University authorities,Kermanshah,for their help and support of this study。
文摘Rapid climate change has provided the opportunity for many species to learn to adapt fast enough to modify their range distribution.The positive and negative responses of the species in terms of distribution are related to parameters such as kind of species,degree of specialization,size and movement skills,and such factors.Moving to high elevations and transitions to higher latitudes are among the strategies proposed as a solution to the negative effects of climate change.Therefore,predicting how different species respond to climate change can help predict the conservation program for them.Species distribution models(SDMs)are widely used to predict the geographical distribution of habitat suitability and species occurrence.Rhinopoma muscatellum is one of the three mousetailed bats(Rhinopomatidae)inhabiting the southeastern,southern,and southwestern parts of Iran and its distribution range to the interior and northern parts of Iran has been limited by the Elburz and Zagros Mountain.To study the effect of climate change on this species,range shifts and coverage of protected regions,74 presence points and environmental variables(climate,topography,anthropogenic,and vegetation)in MaxEnt software were used.Before the implementation of the model,the autocorrelation of the presence points was reduced and the selection of pseudo absent points was limited by using the bias grid.Climate variables were prepared for Mid-Holocene,Current,Climate Current,and Future scenarios in 2070(RCP2.6,RCP4.5,RCP6,and RCP8.5).In order to evaluate the overlap of ecological niche,the Schoener’s D and I statistic metrics were used.Also,to measure the breadth of the niches,B1(inverse concentration)and B2(uncertainty)metrics in ENMTOOLS software were employed.TSS statistics were used as a threshold.Species distribution trend changes in climatic scenarios were performed by the Mann Kendall(MK)test.Based on the results,the AUC values for current and future climate models were calculated to be 0.89 and 0.85,respectively.The distance from settlement,soil organic carbon,and altitude variables have the greatest impact on the current distribution of the species;and among the climatic variables,Isothermality(Bio3),Temperature Seasonality(Bio4),and Max Temperature of Warmest Month(Bio5)had the greatest impact on species distribution.The results showed that in climate change scenarios by 2070,the distribution range and breadth of climatic niche of Rhinopoma muscatellum will be significantly increased(P-value<0.05),habitat fragmentation will be reduced,and in RCP8.5 scenario it will reach the maximum distribution(39.38%of total Iran).This increase will cover the Elburz and Zagros mountain ranges,and a large part of the country will be suitable for the species.In response to current climate change,migration to higher latitudes was identified in this study.Among the main different classes of protected regions in Iran(National parks,Wildlife refuges,and Protected areas),protected areas in all scenarios had the most coverage of the suitable species habitat.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32192421)the Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Research Program of China(2021FY100304)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(Y202026)。
文摘The phylogenetic relationships within the order Chiroptera(bats)have long been debated.The suborder classification of Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera,based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic studies,remains controversial.The topologies of the superfamilies Noctilionoidea,Emballonuridea,and Vespertilionidea,as well as the subfamilies within Vespertiliondae and Phyllostomatidae and tribes within Vespertilionae,are unstable.Moreover,the classification of the species group within Rhinolophus remains to be clarified.To address these issues,we compiled a dataset of 219 complete mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)for 187 bat species,including 54 newly sequenced mitogenomes.This extensive dataset covers 13 bat families and 32%of all extant bat genera,enabling the construction of a comprehensive bat phylogeny.Furthermore,we constructed a phylogenetic tree containing 50 bat species based on 200 orthologous nuclear genes to compare with the mitogenome-based phylogeny.Our results supported the suborder classification of Yinptero-and Yangochiroptera.Bayesian dating suggests that bats originated approximately 59 Mya,with two suborders diverging at the beginning of the Eocene epoch.Our findings highly supported the superfamily Emballonuridea as the sister to Noctilionoidea and Vespertilionidea.We found that conflicts in suborder and superfamily topologies were mainly caused by incomplete lineage sorting.Furthermore,we refined the topology of subfamilies within Vespertiliondae and Phyllomatidae,and six tribes within Vespertilioninae.Our study also revealed Myotinae as a subfamily rather than a family.Additionally,we observed a decrease in C/T ratios in the family Vespertilionidae,likely related to their higher mass-specific metabolic rates.We identified a significant negative correlation between selection pressure on COX3 and migratory distance,indicating its importance in flight adaptability.This study offers novel insights into bat phylogeny and flight adaptation.
基金funding support from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service,the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission,and the University of North Carolina at Greensboro,as part of a collective effort for the North American Bat Monitoring Program(NABat).
文摘Temperate forest ecosystems are important habitats for many bat species. However, these habitats are increasingly affected by anthropogenic disturbances, particularly urban development, leading to landscapes with varying land cover composition and configuration. Limited research has examined how forest and urban landscape composition and configuration influence bat activity and diversity. Using a multi-year statewide bat acoustic monitoring dataset from North Carolina, USA, we investigated the effects of forest and urban composition and configuration at multiple spatial scales on bat activity and diversity. First, we constructed single-variable landscape index regression models and found that both the composition and configuration of forests and urban developments influenced bat activity and diversity in a species-specific manner. Next, we applied a hierarchical partitioning approach to compare the relative contributions of composition and configuration indices in explaining variance in bat activity. For big brown bats and hoary bats, evergreen forest and urban development composition indices contributed the most to explaining activity variance. In contrast, for eastern red bats, evening bats, and tricolored bats, deciduous forest fragmentation indices describing landscape configuration were the most influential factors. Silver-haired bat activity variance was primarily explained by an evergreen forest fragmentation index. Lastly, urban development configuration indices were the strongest predictors of Mexican free-tailed bat activity and total bat activity. These results suggest that forest and urban landscape configuration should be considered in conservation and management planning for North American temperate forest ecosystems, particularly in regions that have not experienced drastic deforestation in recent decades.
文摘鼠耳蝠(Myotis)是蝙蝠科(Vespertilionidae)中种类最多的类群之一,全世界共有100余种(Wilson and Mittermeier,2019),中国分布有27种,其中在广西分布有7种(魏辅文等,2022)。本研究组于2023年5—6月调查广西翼手目资源期间,使用手抄网捕获7只蝙蝠,其中4只体型中等偏小(标本号:GIZ230833♀、GIZ230849♀、GIZ230896♂、GIZ232309♂),结合形态学与分子系统学进行物种鉴定,为霍氏鼠耳蝠(Myotis horsfieldii);另外3只体型中等(标本号:GIZ231087♀、GIZ231088♂、GIZ231089♀),经鉴定,为印支鼠耳蝠(M.indochinensis),皆为广西蝙蝠分布新记录种。
