当二十一世纪进入第二个十年,三种中国文学英译期刊相继高调登场。2010年10月,由国家汉办、北京师范大学和俄克拉荷马大学合作推出的Chinese Literature Today(《今日中国文学》)创刊仪式在俄克拉荷马大学举行,旨在以一种“准确的、强...当二十一世纪进入第二个十年,三种中国文学英译期刊相继高调登场。2010年10月,由国家汉办、北京师范大学和俄克拉荷马大学合作推出的Chinese Literature Today(《今日中国文学》)创刊仪式在俄克拉荷马大学举行,旨在以一种“准确的、强大的、有序的和有效的方式”(1)推动中国文学走向世界。展开更多
Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in older adults.Despite its prevalence,its pathogenesis remains unclea r.In addition to the most widely accepted causes,which in clude excessive amyloid-b...Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in older adults.Despite its prevalence,its pathogenesis remains unclea r.In addition to the most widely accepted causes,which in clude excessive amyloid-beta aggregation,tau hyperphosphorylation,and deficiency of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine,numerous studies have shown that the dopaminergic system is also closely associated with the occurrence and development of this condition.Dopamine is a crucial catecholaminergic neurotransmitter in the human body.Dopamine-associated treatments,such as drugs that target dopamine receptor D and dopamine analogs,can improve cognitive function and alleviate psychiatric symptoms as well as ameliorate other clinical manifestations.Howeve r,therapeutics targeting the dopaminergic system are associated with various adverse reactions,such as addiction and exacerbation of cognitive impairment.This review summarizes the role of the dopaminergic system in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease,focusing on currently available dopamine-based therapies for this disorder and the common side effects associated with dopamine-related drugs.The aim of this review is to provide insights into the potential connections between the dopaminergic system and Alzheimer's disease,thus helping to clarify the mechanisms underlying the condition and exploring more effective therapeutic options.展开更多
INTRODUCTION.Depressive disorders are mental illnesses that seriously affect public health.There are approximately 320 million patients with depression worldwide,accounting for 4.4% of the total disease burden.1Depres...INTRODUCTION.Depressive disorders are mental illnesses that seriously affect public health.There are approximately 320 million patients with depression worldwide,accounting for 4.4% of the total disease burden.1Depression leads to social and occupational impairment,diminished quality of life and an elevated risk of death by suicide.展开更多
The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established b...The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established by the World Health Organization(WHO). Reform in China has demonstrated the unwavering confidence and utmost determination of the Chinese government and the Chinese transplantation community. The year 2015 marked a historic turning point when voluntary donations from Chinese citizens became the sole legitimate source for organ transplantation. Since 2015, China has gradually established and refined the “Chinese Mode” and “China System” for organ donation and transplantation, fulfilling its political pledge of reform, and has garnered international recognition, and fostered a social culture which promotes organ donation. This article reviewed the history of reform on organ donation and transplantation in China, presented a new pattern of establishment of organ donation system in the new era of the country, and the direction of advances in the future.展开更多
In both Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and modern medicine,they agree that the integrity and healthy structure of the vascular endothelium are essential for normal hemodynamics.Damage to the vascular endothelium can...In both Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and modern medicine,they agree that the integrity and healthy structure of the vascular endothelium are essential for normal hemodynamics.Damage to the vascular endothelium can quickly activate the extrinsic coagulation pathway by triggering the tissue factor(TF)and lead to coagulation.This damage,along with a loss of anticoagulant properties through antithrombinⅢ(ATⅢ),TF pathway inhibitors,and the protein C system,can result in a hypercoagulable state and even thrombosis.Hypercoagulability is not only a common feature of many cancers but also an important factor promoting tumor development and metastasis,which corresponds to the TCM theory of“blood stasis leading to tumors.”The pharmacological effects of heparin and aspirin have similarities with TCM's“activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis”theory in improving blood circulation,treating related diseases,and their anti-inflammatory effects.展开更多
Background Meat originating from the spent hen is an important source of poultry meat production;however,multiple factors cause the decline in the meat quality of spent hens.Chinese herbs have been widely used as medi...Background Meat originating from the spent hen is an important source of poultry meat production;however,multiple factors cause the decline in the meat quality of spent hens.Chinese herbs have been widely used as medi-cine for a long time to prevent diseases and as nutrient supplements to improve the product quality.This experi-ment explored the effects of adding 1.0%Chinese herbal formula(CHF,including 0.30%Leonurus japonicus Houtt.,0.20%Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.,0.25%Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,and 0.25%Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)for 120 d to the spent hens’diet through metabolomics,network pharmacology,and microbiome strategies.Results The results indicated that CHF supplementation improved the meat quality by reducing drip loss(P<0.05),b*value(P=0.058),and shear force(P=0.099)and increasing cooked meat percentage(P=0.054)and dry matter(P<0.05)of breast muscle.The addition of CHF improved the nutritional value of breast muscle by increasing(P<0.05)the content of C18:2n-6,n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA),total PUFA,PUFA-to-saturated fatty acids(SFA)ratio,and hypocholesterolemic-to-hypercholesterolemic ratio,and tending to increase serine content(P=0.069).The targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the biosynthesis of SFA,linoleic acid metabolism,fatty acid degradation,fatty acid elongation,and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were enriched by CHF supplementation.Furthermore,the network pharmacology analysis indicated that CHF was closely associated with oxidative stress and lipid metabo-lism.The CHF supplementation increased the glutathione peroxidase level(P<0.05)and upregulated gene expres-sion related to the Nrf2 pathway(including HO-1,P<0.05;Nrf2,P=0.098;CAT,P=0.060;GPX1,P=0.063;and SOD2,P=0.052)and lipid metabolism(including PPARγ,P<0.05;SREBP1,P=0.059;and CPT1A,P=0.058).Additionally,CHF supplementation increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes,Spirochaetes,and Synergistetes abundances(P<0.05),which may contribute to better meat quality.Conclusions Our results suggest that CHF supplementation improved the quality and nutritional value of meat,which will provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of CHF as a feed additive in spent hens’diets.展开更多
Digitization is the inevitable path for the natural development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.The goal of TCM digitization is to generate intelligence from numb...Digitization is the inevitable path for the natural development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.The goal of TCM digitization is to generate intelligence from numbers.Originating from the reasoning paradigm of Xiangshu(象数,image-number)or phenotype-numerology thinking,TCM came with a deep correlation of clinical observations with digits and laid a strong theoretical basis for digitization.The digitization of TCM should start from the clinical aspect,solve the problem of electronic medical records,achieve standardization and informatization,and on this basis,form a TCM knowledge base through knowledge-building.This process depends on the combined efforts of multiple disciplines such as medicine,mathematics,and engineering to achieve the digitization and intelligent transformation of TCM.This era calls for TCM to break down barriers,embrace opportunities,and move towards digitization.However,during the transformation,it should maintain its essence,avoid simplistic conversions,be guided by scientific value,leverage cutting-edge technologies,and enhance the depth and breadth of the interpretation of TCM connotations.The digitization of TCM will also improve its service capabilities,create an innovative digitally-intelligent TCM service platform,and contribute to the development of“Healthy China”initiatives with wisdom and solutions.展开更多
Objective Diabetic kidney disease is a serious complication of diabetes,which is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide.Approximately 40%of individuals with diabetes develop diabetic kidney disease.At ...Objective Diabetic kidney disease is a serious complication of diabetes,which is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide.Approximately 40%of individuals with diabetes develop diabetic kidney disease.At present,the most important drugs for diabetic kidney disease include renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors,angiotensin receptor blockers,sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors,and newly approved aldosterone receptor antagonists.However,to date,there are still no effective drugs to prevent diabetic kidney disease from progressing to end-stage renal disease.Network pharmacology combined with bioinformatics and pharmacology provides a powerful tool for studying the mechanism of drug action.Traditional Chinese medicine has accumulated rich experience in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease,and its multi-target,multi-component,and multi-pathway characteristics provide new ideas for modern medicine.This article reviews the research progress of network pharmacology and drug therapy in diabetic kidney disease.展开更多
Insect-derived traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutes an essential component of TCM,with the earliest records found in“52 Bingfang”(Prescriptions of fifty-two diseases,which is one of the earliest Chinese medi...Insect-derived traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutes an essential component of TCM,with the earliest records found in“52 Bingfang”(Prescriptions of fifty-two diseases,which is one of the earliest Chinese medical prescriptions).展开更多
Modern western medicine typically focuses on treating specific symptoms or diseases,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)emphasizes the interconnections of the body’s various systems under external environment and ta...Modern western medicine typically focuses on treating specific symptoms or diseases,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)emphasizes the interconnections of the body’s various systems under external environment and takes a holistic approach to preventing and treating diseases.Phenomics was initially introduced to the field of TCM in 2008 as a new discipline that studies the laws of integrated and dynamic changes of human clinical phenomes under the scope of the theories and practices of TCM based on phenomics.While TCM Phenomics 1.0 has initially established a clinical phenomic system centered on Zhenghou(a TCM definition of clinical phenome),bottlenecks remain in data standardization,mechanistic interpretation,and precision intervention.Here,we systematically elaborates on the theoretical foundations,technical pathways,and future challenges of integrating digital medicine with TCM phenomics under the framework of“TCM phenomics 2.0”,which is supported by digital medicine technologies such as artificial intelligence,wearable devices,medical digital twins,and multi-omics integration.This framework aims to construct a closed-loop system of“Zhenghou–Phenome–Mechanism–Intervention”and to enable the digitization,standardization,and precision of disease diagnosis and treatment.The integration of digital medicine and TCM phenomics not only promotes the modernization and scientific transformation of TCM theory and practice but also offers new paradigms for precision medicine.In practice,digital tools facilitate multi-source clinical data acquisition and standardization,while AI and big data algorithms help reveal the correlations between clinical Zhenghou phenomes and molecular mechanisms,thereby improving scientific rigor in diagnosis,efficacy evaluation,and personalized intervention.Nevertheless,challenges persist,including data quality and standardization issues,shortage of interdisciplinary talents,and insufficiency of ethical and legal regulations.Future development requires establishing national data-sharing platforms,strengthening international collaboration,fostering interdisciplinary professionals,and improving ethical and legal frameworks.Ultimately,this approach seeks to build a new disease identification and classification system centered on phenomes and to achieve the inheritance,innovation,and modernization of TCM diagnostic and therapeutic patterns.展开更多
In the wave of digital and intelligent applications,artificial intelligence(AI)is transforming the development trajectories of industries across the globe.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),as a cultural treasure of th...In the wave of digital and intelligent applications,artificial intelligence(AI)is transforming the development trajectories of industries across the globe.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),as a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation,carries thousands of years of wisdom and practical experience.However,in the context of the rapid advancements in modern medicine and technology,TCM faces dual challenges:preserving its heritage while innovating.DeepSeek,a major achievement in the field of AI,offers a new opportunity for the development of TCM with its powerful technological capabilities.Exploring the integration of DeepSeek with TCM not only helps modernize the practice but also promises unique contributions to global health.展开更多
In the dynamic landscape of modern healthcare and precision medicine,the digital revolution is reshaping medical industries at an unprecedented pace,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is no exception[1-4].The paper...In the dynamic landscape of modern healthcare and precision medicine,the digital revolution is reshaping medical industries at an unprecedented pace,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is no exception[1-4].The paper“From digits towards digitization:the past,present,and future of traditional Chinese medicine”by Academician&TCM National Master Qi WANG(王琦).展开更多
This paper thoroughly explores the multifaceted factors influencing the efficacy of Chinese medicinals and categorizes them into three main groups:medicinal related factors,patient related factors,and practitioner rel...This paper thoroughly explores the multifaceted factors influencing the efficacy of Chinese medicinals and categorizes them into three main groups:medicinal related factors,patient related factors,and practitioner related factors.Regarding medicinal related factors,the place of origin,growing environment,harvesting time,storage conditions,quality control,dosage form selection,compatibility of medicinals,precise dosing,decoction methods,and administration routes all significantly impact efficacy.The place of origin determines the authenticity of medicinals,the growing environment affects their composition,harvesting time influences potency,improper storage leads to deterioration,quality control forms the foundation of efficacy,dosage forms and compatibility of medicinals affect absorption,dosing and decoction methods require precision,and administration routes should be tailored to individuals.Patient related factors include psychological state,individual differences,background,and disease condition.Psychological state affects treatment compliance,individual differences determine medicine responses,background influences patients’understanding of Chinese medicinals,and disease condition directly reflects efficacy.Practitioner related factors encompass theoretical knowledge,clinical experience,inherited practices,psychological state,and professional ethics.Theoretical knowledge guides medication use,clinical experience enhances efficacy,inherited practices influence prescribing styles,psychological state affects doctor–patient communication,and professional ethics ensure medical quality.These interrelated factors collectively influence the efficacy of Chinese medicinals,emphasizing the need for comprehensive consideration in clinical applications to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is increasingly recognized worldwide as a valuable complementary and alternative medicine. To facilitate global research and collaboration in this field, the World Health Organization...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is increasingly recognized worldwide as a valuable complementary and alternative medicine. To facilitate global research and collaboration in this field, the World Health Organization(WHO) introduced the International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2022. This international terminology translation standard, IST 2022, goes beyond conventional translation by embracing three innovative features: 1) It reflects TCM's foundational philosophy of unity and opposition, emphasizing the interconnectedness among TCM terms during translation. This approach transcends individual term translations to explore the interrelationships among them. 2) It preserves the integrity of TCM theory by retaining transliterations for unique TCM terms that possess distinct features. 3) It employs innovative xiang(image) cognition, a concept rooted in traditional Chinese thought by helping readers grasp visual and mental imagery associated with each term. This study presents a qualitative analysis based on interviews with 11 TCM translation experts, examining their perspectives on these features and their translational preferences across the IST 2007 and 2022 versions. These findings contribute to the standardization and global harmonization of TCM terminology, advocating for clarity, precision, and the advancement of TCM in the international healthcare arena.展开更多
The self-assembled nanoparticles(SAN)formed during the decoction process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)exhibit non-uniform particle sizes and a tendency for aggregation.Our group found that the p H-driven method...The self-assembled nanoparticles(SAN)formed during the decoction process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)exhibit non-uniform particle sizes and a tendency for aggregation.Our group found that the p H-driven method can improve the self-assembly phenomenon of Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall.,and the SAN exhibited uniform particle size and demonstrated good stability.In this paper,we analyzed the interactions between the main active compound,herpetrione(Her),and its main carrier,Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall.polysaccharide(HCWP),along with their self-assembly mechanisms under different p H values.The binding constants of Her and HCWP increase with rising p H,leading to the formation of Her-HCWP SAN with a smaller particle size,higher zeta potential,and improved thermal stability.While the contributions of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction to the formation of Her-HCWP SAN increase with rising p H,the hydrophobic force consistently plays a dominant role.This study enhances our scientific understanding of the self-assembly phenomenon of TCM improved by p H driven method.展开更多
The therapeutic efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine has been widely acknowledged due to its extensive history of clinical effectiveness.However,the precise active components underlying each prescription remain in...The therapeutic efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine has been widely acknowledged due to its extensive history of clinical effectiveness.However,the precise active components underlying each prescription remain incompletely understood.Polysaccharides,as a major constituent of water decoctions—the most common preparation method for Chinese medicinals—may provide a crucial avenue for deepening our understanding of the efficacy principles of Chinese medicine and establishing a framework for its modern development.The structural complexity and diversity of Chinese herbal polysaccharides present significant challenges in their separation and analysis compared to small molecules.This paper aims to explore the potential of Chinese herbal polysaccharides efficiently by briefly summarizing recent advancements in polysaccharide chemical research,focusing on methods of acquisition,structure elucidation,and quality control.展开更多
In clinical practice,antibiotics have historically been utilized for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria.However,the gradual emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains has posed a significant challeng...In clinical practice,antibiotics have historically been utilized for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria.However,the gradual emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains has posed a significant challenge to this approach.In 2022,Escherichia coli,a Gram-negative bacterium renowned for its widespread pathogenicity and high virulence,emerged as the predominant pathogenic bacterium in China.The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant E.coli strains has rendered antibiotics insufficient to fight E.coli infections.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has made remarkable contributions to the health of Chinese people for thousands of years,and its significant therapeutic effects have been proven in clinical practice.In this paper,we provide a comprehensive review of the advances and mechanisms of TCM and its active ingredients against antibiotic-resistant E.coli infections.First of all,this review introduces the classification,antibiotic resistance characteristics and mechanisms of E.coli.Then,the TCM formulas and extracts are listed along with their active ingredients against E.coli,including extraction solution,minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),and the antibacterial mechanisms.In addition,there is growing evidence supporting the synergistic therapeutic strategy of combining TCM with antibiotics for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant E.coli infections,and we provide a summary of this evidence and its underlying mechanisms.In conclusion,we present a comprehensive review of TCM and highlight its potential and advantages in the prevention and treatment of E.coli infections.We hold the opinion that TCM will play an important role in global health,pharmaceutical development,and livestock farming in the future.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has demonstrated unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as glycolipid metabolism disorder.However,its widespread application has been hindered by th...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has demonstrated unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as glycolipid metabolism disorder.However,its widespread application has been hindered by the unclear biological essence of TCM syndromes and therapeutic mechanisms.As an emerging interdisciplinary field,phenomics integrates multi-dimensional data including genome,transcriptome,proteome,metabolome,and microbiome.When combined with TCM's holistic philosophy,it forms TCM phenomics,providing novel approaches to reveal the biological connotation of TCM syndromes and the mechanisms of herbal medicine.Taking glycolipid metabolism disorder as an example,this paper explores the application of TCM phenomics in glycolipid metabolism disorder.By analyzing molecular characteristics of related syndromes,TCM phenomics identifies differentially expressed genes,metabolites,and gut microbiota biomarkers to elucidate the dynamic evolution patterns of syndromes.Simultaneously,it deciphers the multi-target regulatory networks of herbal formulas,demonstrating their therapeutic effects through mechanisms including modulation of insulin signaling pathways,improvement of gut microbiota imbalance,and suppression of inflammatory responses.Current challenges include the subjective nature of syndrome diagnosis,insufficient standardization of animal models,and lack of integrated multi-omics analysis.Future research should employ machine learning,multimodal data integration,and cross-omics longitudinal studies to establish quantitative diagnostic systems for syndromes,promote the integration of precision medicine in TCM and western medicine,and accelerate the modernization of TCM.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)serves as a treasure trove of ancient knowledge,holding a crucial position in the medical field.However,the exploration of TCM's extensive information has been hindered by challeng...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)serves as a treasure trove of ancient knowledge,holding a crucial position in the medical field.However,the exploration of TCM's extensive information has been hindered by challenges related to data standardization,completeness,and accuracy,primarily due to the decen-tralized distribution of TCM resources.To address these issues,we developed a platform for TCM knowledge discovery(TCMKD,https://cbcb.cdutcm.edu.cn/TCMKD/).Seven types of data,including syndromes,formulas,Chinese patent drugs(CPDs),Chinese medicinal materials(CMMs),ingredients,targets,and diseases,were manually proofread and consolidated within TCMKD.To strengthen the integration of TCM with modern medicine,TCMKD employs analytical methods such as TCM data mining,enrichment analysis,and network localization and separation.These tools help elucidate the molecular-level commonalities between TCM and contemporary scientific insights.In addition to its analytical capabilities,a quick question and answer(Q&A)system is also embedded within TCMKD to query the database efficiently,thereby improving the interactivity of the platform.The platform also provides a TCM text annotation tool,offering a simple and efficient method for TCM text mining.Overall,TCMKD not only has the potential to become a pivotal repository for TCM,delving into the pharmaco-logical foundations of TCM treatments,but its flexible embedded tools and algorithms can also be applied to the study of other traditional medical systems,extending beyond just TCM.展开更多
文摘当二十一世纪进入第二个十年,三种中国文学英译期刊相继高调登场。2010年10月,由国家汉办、北京师范大学和俄克拉荷马大学合作推出的Chinese Literature Today(《今日中国文学》)创刊仪式在俄克拉荷马大学举行,旨在以一种“准确的、强大的、有序的和有效的方式”(1)推动中国文学走向世界。
文摘Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in older adults.Despite its prevalence,its pathogenesis remains unclea r.In addition to the most widely accepted causes,which in clude excessive amyloid-beta aggregation,tau hyperphosphorylation,and deficiency of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine,numerous studies have shown that the dopaminergic system is also closely associated with the occurrence and development of this condition.Dopamine is a crucial catecholaminergic neurotransmitter in the human body.Dopamine-associated treatments,such as drugs that target dopamine receptor D and dopamine analogs,can improve cognitive function and alleviate psychiatric symptoms as well as ameliorate other clinical manifestations.Howeve r,therapeutics targeting the dopaminergic system are associated with various adverse reactions,such as addiction and exacerbation of cognitive impairment.This review summarizes the role of the dopaminergic system in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease,focusing on currently available dopamine-based therapies for this disorder and the common side effects associated with dopamine-related drugs.The aim of this review is to provide insights into the potential connections between the dopaminergic system and Alzheimer's disease,thus helping to clarify the mechanisms underlying the condition and exploring more effective therapeutic options.
基金funded by the Construction Project of the"Flagship"Department of Chinese and Western Medicine Coordination(LiuL/2024-221)the 2024 Medical Service and Security Capacity Improvement Project(National Clinical Key Specialty Construction)(LiuL/Huwei Medical/2024-65)+5 种基金the Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Standardization Project(LiuL/No.2023JSP03)the Shanghai Key Discipline Construction Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Clinical)(LiuL/2024-No.3)the Shanghai Technical Standardization Management and Promotion Project(LiuL/No.SHDC22023212)the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project(2022)(LiuL/No.2022Cx004)Clinical research project of Shanghai Health Commission-Youth Project(LW/No.20214Y0056)Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health(LW/No.SZB2023201).
文摘INTRODUCTION.Depressive disorders are mental illnesses that seriously affect public health.There are approximately 320 million patients with depression worldwide,accounting for 4.4% of the total disease burden.1Depression leads to social and occupational impairment,diminished quality of life and an elevated risk of death by suicide.
文摘The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established by the World Health Organization(WHO). Reform in China has demonstrated the unwavering confidence and utmost determination of the Chinese government and the Chinese transplantation community. The year 2015 marked a historic turning point when voluntary donations from Chinese citizens became the sole legitimate source for organ transplantation. Since 2015, China has gradually established and refined the “Chinese Mode” and “China System” for organ donation and transplantation, fulfilling its political pledge of reform, and has garnered international recognition, and fostered a social culture which promotes organ donation. This article reviewed the history of reform on organ donation and transplantation in China, presented a new pattern of establishment of organ donation system in the new era of the country, and the direction of advances in the future.
基金supported by the Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)Youth Guidance Project{Qian Kehe Foundation-[2024]Youth 307}。
文摘In both Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and modern medicine,they agree that the integrity and healthy structure of the vascular endothelium are essential for normal hemodynamics.Damage to the vascular endothelium can quickly activate the extrinsic coagulation pathway by triggering the tissue factor(TF)and lead to coagulation.This damage,along with a loss of anticoagulant properties through antithrombinⅢ(ATⅢ),TF pathway inhibitors,and the protein C system,can result in a hypercoagulable state and even thrombosis.Hypercoagulability is not only a common feature of many cancers but also an important factor promoting tumor development and metastasis,which corresponds to the TCM theory of“blood stasis leading to tumors.”The pharmacological effects of heparin and aspirin have similarities with TCM's“activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis”theory in improving blood circulation,treating related diseases,and their anti-inflammatory effects.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFC3400700)the City-School Cooperation Project of the Fuyang Science and Technology Special Fund undertaken by Fuyang Normal University(SXHZ2020007)+1 种基金the Basic Research Program of Shenzhen Municipal Government(JCYJ20200109114242138)the Special Commissioner for Rural Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(KTP20210345).
文摘Background Meat originating from the spent hen is an important source of poultry meat production;however,multiple factors cause the decline in the meat quality of spent hens.Chinese herbs have been widely used as medi-cine for a long time to prevent diseases and as nutrient supplements to improve the product quality.This experi-ment explored the effects of adding 1.0%Chinese herbal formula(CHF,including 0.30%Leonurus japonicus Houtt.,0.20%Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.,0.25%Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,and 0.25%Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)for 120 d to the spent hens’diet through metabolomics,network pharmacology,and microbiome strategies.Results The results indicated that CHF supplementation improved the meat quality by reducing drip loss(P<0.05),b*value(P=0.058),and shear force(P=0.099)and increasing cooked meat percentage(P=0.054)and dry matter(P<0.05)of breast muscle.The addition of CHF improved the nutritional value of breast muscle by increasing(P<0.05)the content of C18:2n-6,n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA),total PUFA,PUFA-to-saturated fatty acids(SFA)ratio,and hypocholesterolemic-to-hypercholesterolemic ratio,and tending to increase serine content(P=0.069).The targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the biosynthesis of SFA,linoleic acid metabolism,fatty acid degradation,fatty acid elongation,and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were enriched by CHF supplementation.Furthermore,the network pharmacology analysis indicated that CHF was closely associated with oxidative stress and lipid metabo-lism.The CHF supplementation increased the glutathione peroxidase level(P<0.05)and upregulated gene expres-sion related to the Nrf2 pathway(including HO-1,P<0.05;Nrf2,P=0.098;CAT,P=0.060;GPX1,P=0.063;and SOD2,P=0.052)and lipid metabolism(including PPARγ,P<0.05;SREBP1,P=0.059;and CPT1A,P=0.058).Additionally,CHF supplementation increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes,Spirochaetes,and Synergistetes abundances(P<0.05),which may contribute to better meat quality.Conclusions Our results suggest that CHF supplementation improved the quality and nutritional value of meat,which will provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of CHF as a feed additive in spent hens’diets.
基金Special Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2341006).
文摘Digitization is the inevitable path for the natural development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.The goal of TCM digitization is to generate intelligence from numbers.Originating from the reasoning paradigm of Xiangshu(象数,image-number)or phenotype-numerology thinking,TCM came with a deep correlation of clinical observations with digits and laid a strong theoretical basis for digitization.The digitization of TCM should start from the clinical aspect,solve the problem of electronic medical records,achieve standardization and informatization,and on this basis,form a TCM knowledge base through knowledge-building.This process depends on the combined efforts of multiple disciplines such as medicine,mathematics,and engineering to achieve the digitization and intelligent transformation of TCM.This era calls for TCM to break down barriers,embrace opportunities,and move towards digitization.However,during the transformation,it should maintain its essence,avoid simplistic conversions,be guided by scientific value,leverage cutting-edge technologies,and enhance the depth and breadth of the interpretation of TCM connotations.The digitization of TCM will also improve its service capabilities,create an innovative digitally-intelligent TCM service platform,and contribute to the development of“Healthy China”initiatives with wisdom and solutions.
文摘Objective Diabetic kidney disease is a serious complication of diabetes,which is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide.Approximately 40%of individuals with diabetes develop diabetic kidney disease.At present,the most important drugs for diabetic kidney disease include renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors,angiotensin receptor blockers,sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors,and newly approved aldosterone receptor antagonists.However,to date,there are still no effective drugs to prevent diabetic kidney disease from progressing to end-stage renal disease.Network pharmacology combined with bioinformatics and pharmacology provides a powerful tool for studying the mechanism of drug action.Traditional Chinese medicine has accumulated rich experience in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease,and its multi-target,multi-component,and multi-pathway characteristics provide new ideas for modern medicine.This article reviews the research progress of network pharmacology and drug therapy in diabetic kidney disease.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82222068,82070423,82270348,and 82173779)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Pro-gram of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,China(Grant No:ZYYCXTD-D-202206)+1 种基金Fujian Province Science and Technology Project,China(Grant Nos.:2021J01420479,2021J02058,2022J011374,and 2022J02057)Fundamental Research Funds for the Chinese Central Universities,China(Grant No.:20720230070).
文摘Insect-derived traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutes an essential component of TCM,with the earliest records found in“52 Bingfang”(Prescriptions of fifty-two diseases,which is one of the earliest Chinese medical prescriptions).
基金Science and Technology strategic cooperation Programs of Luzhou Municipal People’s Government and Southwest Medical University (2019LZXNYD-P01DUAN)National Key R&D Program of China (2024YFC3505400)Regional Key R&D Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (2024BEG01003)。
文摘Modern western medicine typically focuses on treating specific symptoms or diseases,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)emphasizes the interconnections of the body’s various systems under external environment and takes a holistic approach to preventing and treating diseases.Phenomics was initially introduced to the field of TCM in 2008 as a new discipline that studies the laws of integrated and dynamic changes of human clinical phenomes under the scope of the theories and practices of TCM based on phenomics.While TCM Phenomics 1.0 has initially established a clinical phenomic system centered on Zhenghou(a TCM definition of clinical phenome),bottlenecks remain in data standardization,mechanistic interpretation,and precision intervention.Here,we systematically elaborates on the theoretical foundations,technical pathways,and future challenges of integrating digital medicine with TCM phenomics under the framework of“TCM phenomics 2.0”,which is supported by digital medicine technologies such as artificial intelligence,wearable devices,medical digital twins,and multi-omics integration.This framework aims to construct a closed-loop system of“Zhenghou–Phenome–Mechanism–Intervention”and to enable the digitization,standardization,and precision of disease diagnosis and treatment.The integration of digital medicine and TCM phenomics not only promotes the modernization and scientific transformation of TCM theory and practice but also offers new paradigms for precision medicine.In practice,digital tools facilitate multi-source clinical data acquisition and standardization,while AI and big data algorithms help reveal the correlations between clinical Zhenghou phenomes and molecular mechanisms,thereby improving scientific rigor in diagnosis,efficacy evaluation,and personalized intervention.Nevertheless,challenges persist,including data quality and standardization issues,shortage of interdisciplinary talents,and insufficiency of ethical and legal regulations.Future development requires establishing national data-sharing platforms,strengthening international collaboration,fostering interdisciplinary professionals,and improving ethical and legal frameworks.Ultimately,this approach seeks to build a new disease identification and classification system centered on phenomes and to achieve the inheritance,innovation,and modernization of TCM diagnostic and therapeutic patterns.
文摘In the wave of digital and intelligent applications,artificial intelligence(AI)is transforming the development trajectories of industries across the globe.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),as a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation,carries thousands of years of wisdom and practical experience.However,in the context of the rapid advancements in modern medicine and technology,TCM faces dual challenges:preserving its heritage while innovating.DeepSeek,a major achievement in the field of AI,offers a new opportunity for the development of TCM with its powerful technological capabilities.Exploring the integration of DeepSeek with TCM not only helps modernize the practice but also promises unique contributions to global health.
文摘In the dynamic landscape of modern healthcare and precision medicine,the digital revolution is reshaping medical industries at an unprecedented pace,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is no exception[1-4].The paper“From digits towards digitization:the past,present,and future of traditional Chinese medicine”by Academician&TCM National Master Qi WANG(王琦).
文摘This paper thoroughly explores the multifaceted factors influencing the efficacy of Chinese medicinals and categorizes them into three main groups:medicinal related factors,patient related factors,and practitioner related factors.Regarding medicinal related factors,the place of origin,growing environment,harvesting time,storage conditions,quality control,dosage form selection,compatibility of medicinals,precise dosing,decoction methods,and administration routes all significantly impact efficacy.The place of origin determines the authenticity of medicinals,the growing environment affects their composition,harvesting time influences potency,improper storage leads to deterioration,quality control forms the foundation of efficacy,dosage forms and compatibility of medicinals affect absorption,dosing and decoction methods require precision,and administration routes should be tailored to individuals.Patient related factors include psychological state,individual differences,background,and disease condition.Psychological state affects treatment compliance,individual differences determine medicine responses,background influences patients’understanding of Chinese medicinals,and disease condition directly reflects efficacy.Practitioner related factors encompass theoretical knowledge,clinical experience,inherited practices,psychological state,and professional ethics.Theoretical knowledge guides medication use,clinical experience enhances efficacy,inherited practices influence prescribing styles,psychological state affects doctor–patient communication,and professional ethics ensure medical quality.These interrelated factors collectively influence the efficacy of Chinese medicinals,emphasizing the need for comprehensive consideration in clinical applications to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes.
基金financed by the grants from the Research Program of Sichuan TCM Culture Coordinated Development Research Center (No. 2021XT31)National Traditional Chinese Medicine Examination Research Project (No. TC2023019)National Innovation & Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students (No. 202210633008X)。
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is increasingly recognized worldwide as a valuable complementary and alternative medicine. To facilitate global research and collaboration in this field, the World Health Organization(WHO) introduced the International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2022. This international terminology translation standard, IST 2022, goes beyond conventional translation by embracing three innovative features: 1) It reflects TCM's foundational philosophy of unity and opposition, emphasizing the interconnectedness among TCM terms during translation. This approach transcends individual term translations to explore the interrelationships among them. 2) It preserves the integrity of TCM theory by retaining transliterations for unique TCM terms that possess distinct features. 3) It employs innovative xiang(image) cognition, a concept rooted in traditional Chinese thought by helping readers grasp visual and mental imagery associated with each term. This study presents a qualitative analysis based on interviews with 11 TCM translation experts, examining their perspectives on these features and their translational preferences across the IST 2007 and 2022 versions. These findings contribute to the standardization and global harmonization of TCM terminology, advocating for clarity, precision, and the advancement of TCM in the international healthcare arena.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81873092,82174074)。
文摘The self-assembled nanoparticles(SAN)formed during the decoction process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)exhibit non-uniform particle sizes and a tendency for aggregation.Our group found that the p H-driven method can improve the self-assembly phenomenon of Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall.,and the SAN exhibited uniform particle size and demonstrated good stability.In this paper,we analyzed the interactions between the main active compound,herpetrione(Her),and its main carrier,Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall.polysaccharide(HCWP),along with their self-assembly mechanisms under different p H values.The binding constants of Her and HCWP increase with rising p H,leading to the formation of Her-HCWP SAN with a smaller particle size,higher zeta potential,and improved thermal stability.While the contributions of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction to the formation of Her-HCWP SAN increase with rising p H,the hydrophobic force consistently plays a dominant role.This study enhances our scientific understanding of the self-assembly phenomenon of TCM improved by p H driven method.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR (Nos.0075/2022/A and028/2022/ITP)the Zhuhai Science and Technology Plan Project in the Social Development Field (No.2220004000117)the University of Macao (Nos.MYRG-GRG2023-00082-ICMS-UMDF/CPG2024-00011-ICMS)。
文摘The therapeutic efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine has been widely acknowledged due to its extensive history of clinical effectiveness.However,the precise active components underlying each prescription remain incompletely understood.Polysaccharides,as a major constituent of water decoctions—the most common preparation method for Chinese medicinals—may provide a crucial avenue for deepening our understanding of the efficacy principles of Chinese medicine and establishing a framework for its modern development.The structural complexity and diversity of Chinese herbal polysaccharides present significant challenges in their separation and analysis compared to small molecules.This paper aims to explore the potential of Chinese herbal polysaccharides efficiently by briefly summarizing recent advancements in polysaccharide chemical research,focusing on methods of acquisition,structure elucidation,and quality control.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes,China(Grant Nos.:ZZ16-YQ-037,JIPY2023003,and JJPY2022022)China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CACMS)Innovation Fund(Grant No.:CI2021A00601).
文摘In clinical practice,antibiotics have historically been utilized for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria.However,the gradual emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains has posed a significant challenge to this approach.In 2022,Escherichia coli,a Gram-negative bacterium renowned for its widespread pathogenicity and high virulence,emerged as the predominant pathogenic bacterium in China.The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant E.coli strains has rendered antibiotics insufficient to fight E.coli infections.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has made remarkable contributions to the health of Chinese people for thousands of years,and its significant therapeutic effects have been proven in clinical practice.In this paper,we provide a comprehensive review of the advances and mechanisms of TCM and its active ingredients against antibiotic-resistant E.coli infections.First of all,this review introduces the classification,antibiotic resistance characteristics and mechanisms of E.coli.Then,the TCM formulas and extracts are listed along with their active ingredients against E.coli,including extraction solution,minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),and the antibacterial mechanisms.In addition,there is growing evidence supporting the synergistic therapeutic strategy of combining TCM with antibiotics for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant E.coli infections,and we provide a summary of this evidence and its underlying mechanisms.In conclusion,we present a comprehensive review of TCM and highlight its potential and advantages in the prevention and treatment of E.coli infections.We hold the opinion that TCM will play an important role in global health,pharmaceutical development,and livestock farming in the future.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82474323)High Level Chinese Medical Hospital Promotion Project(HLCMHPP20230CZ40907)China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talents Program(ZZ13-YQ-026).
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has demonstrated unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as glycolipid metabolism disorder.However,its widespread application has been hindered by the unclear biological essence of TCM syndromes and therapeutic mechanisms.As an emerging interdisciplinary field,phenomics integrates multi-dimensional data including genome,transcriptome,proteome,metabolome,and microbiome.When combined with TCM's holistic philosophy,it forms TCM phenomics,providing novel approaches to reveal the biological connotation of TCM syndromes and the mechanisms of herbal medicine.Taking glycolipid metabolism disorder as an example,this paper explores the application of TCM phenomics in glycolipid metabolism disorder.By analyzing molecular characteristics of related syndromes,TCM phenomics identifies differentially expressed genes,metabolites,and gut microbiota biomarkers to elucidate the dynamic evolution patterns of syndromes.Simultaneously,it deciphers the multi-target regulatory networks of herbal formulas,demonstrating their therapeutic effects through mechanisms including modulation of insulin signaling pathways,improvement of gut microbiota imbalance,and suppression of inflammatory responses.Current challenges include the subjective nature of syndrome diagnosis,insufficient standardization of animal models,and lack of integrated multi-omics analysis.Future research should employ machine learning,multimodal data integration,and cross-omics longitudinal studies to establish quantitative diagnostic systems for syndromes,promote the integration of precision medicine in TCM and western medicine,and accelerate the modernization of TCM.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan,China(Grant No.:2024ZDZX0019).
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)serves as a treasure trove of ancient knowledge,holding a crucial position in the medical field.However,the exploration of TCM's extensive information has been hindered by challenges related to data standardization,completeness,and accuracy,primarily due to the decen-tralized distribution of TCM resources.To address these issues,we developed a platform for TCM knowledge discovery(TCMKD,https://cbcb.cdutcm.edu.cn/TCMKD/).Seven types of data,including syndromes,formulas,Chinese patent drugs(CPDs),Chinese medicinal materials(CMMs),ingredients,targets,and diseases,were manually proofread and consolidated within TCMKD.To strengthen the integration of TCM with modern medicine,TCMKD employs analytical methods such as TCM data mining,enrichment analysis,and network localization and separation.These tools help elucidate the molecular-level commonalities between TCM and contemporary scientific insights.In addition to its analytical capabilities,a quick question and answer(Q&A)system is also embedded within TCMKD to query the database efficiently,thereby improving the interactivity of the platform.The platform also provides a TCM text annotation tool,offering a simple and efficient method for TCM text mining.Overall,TCMKD not only has the potential to become a pivotal repository for TCM,delving into the pharmaco-logical foundations of TCM treatments,but its flexible embedded tools and algorithms can also be applied to the study of other traditional medical systems,extending beyond just TCM.
