雄性BALB/c小鼠腹腔注射10~4个绵羊源弓形虫TgSheepCHn1(Chinese1)速殖子,分别采集弓形虫感染后2,4,6,8,10 d(days post infection,DPI)和6周的小鼠血清、睾丸、附睾、输精管、精囊腺、尿道球腺和凝固腺,血清检测睾酮含量,采用HE和IHC...雄性BALB/c小鼠腹腔注射10~4个绵羊源弓形虫TgSheepCHn1(Chinese1)速殖子,分别采集弓形虫感染后2,4,6,8,10 d(days post infection,DPI)和6周的小鼠血清、睾丸、附睾、输精管、精囊腺、尿道球腺和凝固腺,血清检测睾酮含量,采用HE和IHC染色方法分析生殖系统的病理损伤情况和弓形虫的分布。结果发现,与对照组比较,雄性BALB/c小鼠感染弓形虫后睾酮含量先增加,8 DPI后减少(P>0.05)。6 DPI后,小鼠生殖器官出现病理损伤,特点为副性腺>生殖器官:睾丸曲细精管内生精细胞层数减少,生精细胞数目减少并且排列紊乱;睾丸和附睾管内精子数量减少,精囊腺内分泌蛋白减少,实质少见炎症反应;精囊腺、尿道球腺和凝固腺上皮细胞变性、脱落。6 DPI后,在各器官均可观察到弓形虫,多分布在被膜疏松结缔组织和间质,且随感染时间延长,弓形虫数量显著增加(P<0.05)。感染后6周,睾酮和生殖系统结构未见明显异常表现。结果表明,小鼠感染弓形虫,对睾酮含量影响不明显,但虫体可侵入雄性生殖系统和副性腺,并引起损伤,推测弓形虫急性感染可减弱雄性动物生育功能,并可能通过精液传播。展开更多
以BALB/c小鼠和IFN-γ^-/-小鼠为研究对象,应用病理组织学方法,H&E和IHC技术,观察研究TgTigerCHn2(Chinese1,ToxoDB#9)弓形虫感染后急性期死亡小鼠主要器官的组织细胞损伤和虫体分布特点。病理和组织学检查显示,106个TgTigerCHn2速...以BALB/c小鼠和IFN-γ^-/-小鼠为研究对象,应用病理组织学方法,H&E和IHC技术,观察研究TgTigerCHn2(Chinese1,ToxoDB#9)弓形虫感染后急性期死亡小鼠主要器官的组织细胞损伤和虫体分布特点。病理和组织学检查显示,106个TgTigerCHn2速殖子腹腔感染的BALB/c和IFN-γ^-/-小鼠平均生存时间分别约为9.8 DPI(days post infection)和7.7 DPI(P<0.05)。BALB/c小鼠病理表现为脾脏和淋巴结淋巴细胞坏死,弓形虫虫体抗原弥散性分布;间质性肺炎;肝细胞空泡变性及坏死,淋巴细胞弥散性浸润;大脑可见严重的脑膜炎和血管袖套现象。IFN-γ^-/-小鼠主要表现为肝脏有坏死灶,脾脏和淋巴结实质细胞的坏死和减少。IHC显示,BALB/c小鼠大脑的虫体抗原显著多于IFN-γ^-/-小鼠(P<0.01)。结果表明,TgTigerCHn2感染BALB/c小鼠后,虫体主要分布在大脑、肝脏、脾脏、淋巴结和肺脏,而IFN-γ^-/-小鼠各器官表现为炎症反应较轻的坏死性病变。展开更多
目的建立我国Chinese 1优势基因型获得性弓形虫眼病小鼠模型,分析弓形虫感染对眼组织局部NK细胞及CD49a^(+)NK细胞亚群的影响。方法C57BL/6小鼠经口感染20个弓形虫Wh6包囊,30d后取眼组织,苏木精和伊红(H&E)染色检查病理变化;采用PC...目的建立我国Chinese 1优势基因型获得性弓形虫眼病小鼠模型,分析弓形虫感染对眼组织局部NK细胞及CD49a^(+)NK细胞亚群的影响。方法C57BL/6小鼠经口感染20个弓形虫Wh6包囊,30d后取眼组织,苏木精和伊红(H&E)染色检查病理变化;采用PCR扩增眼组织中的弓形虫ITS-1基因;采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和免疫组化方法分析眼组织中的干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)等细胞因子的mRNA及蛋白表达水平;对眼组织转录组测序,进行基因表达差异分析、GO(gene ontology)富集分析和KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)富集分析;采用流式细胞术检测眼组织中NK细胞和CD49a^(+)NK细胞亚群水平。结果H&E染色检查感染组小鼠视网膜发生严重的病理改变,PCR扩增眼组织中弓形虫特异性基因ITS-1阳性,qRT-PCR扩增眼组织中细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α的mRNA表达上调(P<0.01),免疫组化检查视网膜中IFN-γ、TNF-α表达上调。转录组测序显示,感染组小鼠眼组织中有601个基因表达上调,108个基因表达下调,GO富集分析中差异表达基因在免疫反应、炎症反应等生物过程显著富集,KEGG富集分析显示31个差异表达基因富集在NK细胞介导的细胞毒性通路。流式细胞术检测感染鼠眼组织中NK和CD49a^(+)NK细胞百分比显著增加(P<0.01)。结论成功构建了Chinese 1优势基因型获得性弓形虫眼病小鼠模型,感染鼠眼组织中NK细胞及CD49a^(+)NK细胞亚群百分比增加,提示NK细胞及CD49a^(+)NK细胞亚群在眼组织中积累可能参与弓形虫眼病的发生过程。展开更多
Multiple sclerosis（MS）and neuromyelitis optica（NMO）are common autoimmune demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system.The exact etiology of each remains unclear.CYP7A1was reported to be associated with NM...Multiple sclerosis（MS）and neuromyelitis optica（NMO）are common autoimmune demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system.The exact etiology of each remains unclear.CYP7A1was reported to be associated with NMO in Korean patients,but this is yet to be confirmed in other populations.In this study,we used Sanger sequencing to detect SNPs in the promoter region of CYP7A1 in a population consisting of unrelated patients and controls from the Han Chinese population（129 MS;89 NMO;325 controls）.Two known SNPs,204A〉C（rs3808607）and 469T〉C（rs3824260）,and a novel SNP（208G〉C）were identified in the 5＇-UTR of CYP7A1.The 204A〉C was in complete linkage with 469T〉C and both were associated with NMO but not with MS.Results suggest that the CYP7A1 allele was associated with NMO.NMO and MS have different genetic risk factors.This further supports the emerging evidence that MS and NMO are distinct disorders.展开更多
A massive iceberg, named A-68 by National Ice Center （NIC） officially, calved away from the Larsen C Ice Shelf in Antarctica on luly 12, 2017. The iceberg A-68 is about 5 800 km2, weighs more than a trillion tons an...A massive iceberg, named A-68 by National Ice Center （NIC） officially, calved away from the Larsen C Ice Shelf in Antarctica on luly 12, 2017. The iceberg A-68 is about 5 800 km2, weighs more than a trillion tons and it is one of the biggest ever recorded icebergs. Chinese satellites Gaofen-1 （GF-1） and Gaofen-3 （GF-3） data was used to monitoring the propagation of the rift and the iceberg by National Satellite Ocean Application Service （NSOAS）.展开更多
AIM:To study the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by 5,2,4'-trihydroxy-6,7,5'-trimethoxyflavone(TTF1) isolated from an extract of herbal medicine Sorbaria sorbifolia.METHODS:Angiogenic activity was assayed usi...AIM:To study the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by 5,2,4'-trihydroxy-6,7,5'-trimethoxyflavone(TTF1) isolated from an extract of herbal medicine Sorbaria sorbifolia.METHODS:Angiogenic activity was assayed using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane(CAM) method.Microvessel density(MVD) was determined by staining tissue sections immunohistochemically for CD34 using the Weidner capillary counting method.The mRNA and protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),vascular endothelialgrowth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2,Flk-1/KDR),basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF),cyclo-oxygenase(COX)-2 and hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)-1α were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis.RESULTS:The TTF1 inhibition rates for CAM were 30.8%,38.2% and 47.5% with treatment concentrations of 25,50 and 100 μg/embryo × 5 d,respectively.The inhibitory rates for tumor size were 43.8%,49.4% and 59.6% at TTF1 treatment concentrations of 5,10,and 20 μmol/kg,respectively.The average MVD was 14.2,11.2 and 8.5 at treatment concentrations of 5 μmol/kg,10 μmol/kg and 20 μmol/kg TTF1,respectively.The mRNA and protein levels of VEGF,KDR,bFGF,COX-2 and HIF-1α in mice treated with TTF1 were significantly decreased.CONCLUSION:TTF1 can inhibit tumor angiogenesis,and the mechanism may be associated with the down-regulation of VEGF,KDR,bFGF,HIF-1α and COX-2.展开更多
Background：The experiment evaluated the effect of nutrition levels and sex on the growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus × Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle.Methods：During the backg...Background：The experiment evaluated the effect of nutrition levels and sex on the growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus × Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle.Methods：During the background period of 184 d,23 steers and 24 heifers were fed the same ration,then put into a2×2×2 factorial arrangement under two levels of- dietary energy（TON：70/80%DM）,protein（CP：11.9/14.3%DM）and sex（S：male/female） during the finishing phase of 146 d.The treatments were-（1） high energy/low protein（HELP）,（2） high energy/high protein（HEHP）,（3） low energy/low protein（LELP） and（4） low energy/high protein（LEHP）.Each treatment used 6 steers and 6 heifers,except for HELP- 5 steers and 6 heifers.Results：Growth rate and final carcass weight were unaffected by dietary energy and protein levels or by sex.Compared with the LE diet group,the HE group had significantly lower dry matter intake（DMI,6.76 vs.7.48 kg DM/d）,greater chest girth increments（46.1 vs.36.8 cm）,higher carcass fat（19.9 vs.16.3%） and intramuscular fat content（29.9 vs.22.8%DM）.The HE group also had improved yields of top and medium top grade commercial meat cuts（39.9 vs.36.5%）.The dressing percentage was higher for the HP group than the LP group（53.4 vs.54.9%）.Steers had a greater length increment（9.0 vs.8.3 cm）,but lower carcass fat content（16.8 vs.19.4%） than heifers.The meat quality traits（shear force value,drip loss,cooking loss and water holding capacity） were not affected by treatments or sex,averaging 3.14 kg,2.5,31.5 and 52.9%,respectively.The nutritive profiles（both fatty and amino acid composition） were not influenced by the energy or protein levels or by sex.Conclusions：The dietary energy and protein levels and sex significantly influenced the carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat but not thegrowth performance,meat quality traits and nutritive profiles.展开更多
Expression of genes in the Notch signaling pathway is altered in the injured spinal cord, which indicates that Notch participates in repair after spinal cord injury. Buyang Huanwu decoction, a traditional Chinese herb...Expression of genes in the Notch signaling pathway is altered in the injured spinal cord, which indicates that Notch participates in repair after spinal cord injury. Buyang Huanwu decoction, a traditional Chinese herbal preparation, can promote the growth of nerve cells and nerve fibers; however, it is unclear whether Buyang Huanwu decoction affects the Notch signaling pathway in injured spinal cord. In this study, a rat model was established by injuring the T10 spinal cord. At 2 days after injury, rats were intragastrically administered 2 m L of 0.8 g/m L Buyang Huanwu decoction daily until sacrifice. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that at 7, 14 and 28 days after injury, the expression of Notch1 was increased in the Buyang Huanwu decoction group compared with controls. These findings confirm that Buyang Huanwu decoction can promote the expression of Notch1 in rats with incomplete spinal cord injury, and may indicate a mechanism to promote the repair of spinal cord injury.展开更多
Urumqi Glacier No. 1 is a representative glacier in the inland areas of Central Asia and is the only Chinese reference glacier in the World Glacier Monitoring Service. In this study, we explored multi-decadal variatio...Urumqi Glacier No. 1 is a representative glacier in the inland areas of Central Asia and is the only Chinese reference glacier in the World Glacier Monitoring Service. In this study, we explored multi-decadal variations in the flow velocity of the glacier and the influencing factors based on continuous field observations and path coefficient analysis. Results show that the glacier flow velocity decreased from 5.5 m/a in 1980/1981 to 3.3 m/a in 2010/2011. The annual variation in the direction of glacier flow velocity in the western branch and eastern branch was less than 1°–3°, and the change of glacier flow velocity in the western branch was more dramatic than that in the eastern branch. Glacier flow velocity was influenced by glacier morphology（including glacier area, glacier length, and ice thickness）, glacier mass balance and local climate conditions（air temperature and precipitation）, the glacier morphology being the leading factor. The long-term flow velocity data set of Urumqi Glacier No. 1 contributes to a better understanding of glacier dynamics within the context of climatic warming.展开更多
Hypertriglyceridemia （HTG） is an important metabolic disease and strongly associated with the development of hypertension, atherosclerosis,coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）. HTG risk is a...Hypertriglyceridemia （HTG） is an important metabolic disease and strongly associated with the development of hypertension, atherosclerosis,coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）. HTG risk is affected by various factors and might occur owing to the complex synergistic interaction between the genetic background and environmental factors;.展开更多
Hypoxia represents one of the most extreme environmental conditions for both human beings and animals living at high al- titudes （Zhao et al., 2009）. Over the past few years, great attention has been focused on the ...Hypoxia represents one of the most extreme environmental conditions for both human beings and animals living at high al- titudes （Zhao et al., 2009）. Over the past few years, great attention has been focused on the genetic bases of adaption to high-altitude environments （Bigham et al., 2010; Simonson et al., 2010）. The domestic dog （Canisfamiliaris） is the first animal that developed an intimate relationship with human beings. Dogs migrated with human beings and have adapted to variety of ecological niches （Savolainen et al., 2002）. Our previous research revealed parallel evolution and convergent evolution in the adaptation of dogs and humans to the high-altitude environment of the Tibetan plateau （Wang et al., 2013, 2014）, suggesting that exploring the adaption of domestic dogs to high-altitude hypoxia is an interesting and important question.展开更多
Submission of a manuscript implies： that the work described has not been published before （except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis）; that it is not under consideration...Submission of a manuscript implies： that the work described has not been published before （except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis）; that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as - tacitly or explicitly - by the responsible authorities at the institution where the work was carried out. The author warrants that his/her contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors.展开更多
This study explored the distribution of three types of English formulaic language, which involves four categories in L1 Chinese L2 English learners’ speaking performance. In addition, it investigated the relationship...This study explored the distribution of three types of English formulaic language, which involves four categories in L1 Chinese L2 English learners’ speaking performance. In addition, it investigated the relationship between the English learners’ use of formulaic language and their spoken English fluency. A CCA(canonical correlation analysis) was conducted to examine the correlations between two sets of fluency variables(dependent variables) and linguistic variables of English formulaic language use(independent variables). The fluency variable set consists of:(1)temporal indices such as SR(speech rate), AR(articulation rate), MLR(mean length of run), and PTR(phonation time ratio);(2) linguistic variables of English formulaic language like F2 R(twoword formulaic sequences/run ratio, B3 R(three-word lexical bundles/run ratio), and B4 R(fourword lexical bundles/run ratio). These are calculated according to the frequency of the English formulaic language in the speech samples of the participants(n = 86) across three academic levels.The results indicate that the learners’ spoken English fluency is highly related to their use of English formulaic language. Its limitations and future research directions are also discussed.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of different doses of Wenxiao Ⅱ Decoction on the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) in an experimental model of athe...OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of different doses of Wenxiao Ⅱ Decoction on the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) in an experimental model of atherosclerosis in rabbits and to explore the mechanism by which it alleviates atherosclerosis.METHODS:Sixty 3-4 month-old New Zealand rabbits of both sexes were randomly divided into six groups:simvastain;model;blank;and high-dose,mid-dose,and low-dose Wenxiao Ⅱ Decoction groups.Except for those in the blank group,all rabbits were fed a high-cholesterol diet.Carotid atherosclerosis was established by balloon-induced injury to the endothelium of the carotid artery in conjunction with consumption of a high-cholesterol diet.After 8 weeks,all rabbits were killed to evaluate the expression of MCP-1 and VCAM-1 by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS:Expressions of MCP-1 and VCAM-1 were significantly decreased in all groups except the blank group compared with the model group(P<0.05).When compared with the simvastain group only variation of MCP-1 expression in low-dose group was not appreciable,and the differences were indistinct(P<0.05).When comparing among Wenxiao Ⅱ Decoction groups,MCP-1 expression in the mid-and high-dose groups was significantly lower than that seen in the low-dose group(P<0.01),but there were no differences among three dosage groups with respect to VCAM-1 expression(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:These data suggested that high,mid,and low doses of Wenxiao Ⅱ Decoction can inhibit the expression of MCP-1 and VCAM-1,which may prevent the formation of or stabilize atherosclerotic plaques.There may be a direct relationship between the dosage of Wenxiao Ⅱ Decoction and its therapeutic efficacy.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the cytotoxicity of six commonly used copper-bearing intrauterine devices （Cu-IUDs） on Chinese hamster ovary （CHO-K1） cells and to investigate the influence of frame, shape and copper surface...Objective To evaluate the cytotoxicity of six commonly used copper-bearing intrauterine devices （Cu-IUDs） on Chinese hamster ovary （CHO-K1） cells and to investigate the influence of frame, shape and copper surface area of Cu-IUDs on cell toxicity.Methods Cu-IUDs were incubated in 10% FBS-DMEM/F12 culture medium at 37 ℃ for 24 h. The extracts were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometer and were then diluted into different concentrations with culture medium. Finally, cytotoxicity of these original and diluted extracts on CHO-K1 cells was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay.Results The viabilities of cells treated with the original extracts of six Cu-IUDs （TCu220C bulb, TCu220C, GCu220, GCu300, Yuangong Cu270 and Yuangong Ⅱ- 300） were all below 10% and the cupric ion concentrations in these extracts were 28.22 mg/L, 31.80 mg/L, 92.80 mg/L, 99.74 mg/L, 114.90 mg/L and 119.20 mg/L, respectively. After these original extracts were diluted, significant differences in cytotoxicity were exhibited. IUDs with larger copper surface areas （GCu300 and Yuangong Ⅱ-300） showed more cytotoxicity than those with smaller areas （GCu220 and Yuangong Cu270） respectively; When different shapes of Cu-IUDs were compared, TCu220C bulb showed lower cytotoxicity than TCu220C, and GCu300 exhibited higher toxicity than Yuangong Ⅱ-300; TCu220C displayed significantly lower cytotoxicity than GCu220 due to their differences in frames.Conclusion We presented evidence on the cytotoxic effects of copper ions released from Cu-IUDs on CHO-K1 cells and found that shape, frame together with copper surface area of Cu-IUDs had obvious influence on the cytotoxicity.展开更多
1 Scope This standard specifies the terms, definition, di-mension series, size designation representation, dimen-sion standard representation, brick dimension, and di- mension characteristics of general refractory bri...1 Scope This standard specifies the terms, definition, di-mension series, size designation representation, dimen-sion standard representation, brick dimension, and di- mension characteristics of general refractory bricks.展开更多
文摘以BALB/c小鼠和IFN-γ^-/-小鼠为研究对象,应用病理组织学方法,H&E和IHC技术,观察研究TgTigerCHn2(Chinese1,ToxoDB#9)弓形虫感染后急性期死亡小鼠主要器官的组织细胞损伤和虫体分布特点。病理和组织学检查显示,106个TgTigerCHn2速殖子腹腔感染的BALB/c和IFN-γ^-/-小鼠平均生存时间分别约为9.8 DPI(days post infection)和7.7 DPI(P<0.05)。BALB/c小鼠病理表现为脾脏和淋巴结淋巴细胞坏死,弓形虫虫体抗原弥散性分布;间质性肺炎;肝细胞空泡变性及坏死,淋巴细胞弥散性浸润;大脑可见严重的脑膜炎和血管袖套现象。IFN-γ^-/-小鼠主要表现为肝脏有坏死灶,脾脏和淋巴结实质细胞的坏死和减少。IHC显示,BALB/c小鼠大脑的虫体抗原显著多于IFN-γ^-/-小鼠(P<0.01)。结果表明,TgTigerCHn2感染BALB/c小鼠后,虫体主要分布在大脑、肝脏、脾脏、淋巴结和肺脏,而IFN-γ^-/-小鼠各器官表现为炎症反应较轻的坏死性病变。
文摘目的建立我国Chinese 1优势基因型获得性弓形虫眼病小鼠模型,分析弓形虫感染对眼组织局部NK细胞及CD49a^(+)NK细胞亚群的影响。方法C57BL/6小鼠经口感染20个弓形虫Wh6包囊,30d后取眼组织,苏木精和伊红(H&E)染色检查病理变化;采用PCR扩增眼组织中的弓形虫ITS-1基因;采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和免疫组化方法分析眼组织中的干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)等细胞因子的mRNA及蛋白表达水平;对眼组织转录组测序,进行基因表达差异分析、GO(gene ontology)富集分析和KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)富集分析;采用流式细胞术检测眼组织中NK细胞和CD49a^(+)NK细胞亚群水平。结果H&E染色检查感染组小鼠视网膜发生严重的病理改变,PCR扩增眼组织中弓形虫特异性基因ITS-1阳性,qRT-PCR扩增眼组织中细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α的mRNA表达上调(P<0.01),免疫组化检查视网膜中IFN-γ、TNF-α表达上调。转录组测序显示,感染组小鼠眼组织中有601个基因表达上调,108个基因表达下调,GO富集分析中差异表达基因在免疫反应、炎症反应等生物过程显著富集,KEGG富集分析显示31个差异表达基因富集在NK细胞介导的细胞毒性通路。流式细胞术检测感染鼠眼组织中NK和CD49a^(+)NK细胞百分比显著增加(P<0.01)。结论成功构建了Chinese 1优势基因型获得性弓形虫眼病小鼠模型,感染鼠眼组织中NK细胞及CD49a^(+)NK细胞亚群百分比增加,提示NK细胞及CD49a^(+)NK细胞亚群在眼组织中积累可能参与弓形虫眼病的发生过程。
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30911120488)a grant from the Canadian Institute of Health Research (CCI102935, Canada)+1 种基金a grant from the 2011 Young Core Fund of Fudan University (11L-28, China)a grant from Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research
文摘Multiple sclerosis（MS）and neuromyelitis optica（NMO）are common autoimmune demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system.The exact etiology of each remains unclear.CYP7A1was reported to be associated with NMO in Korean patients,but this is yet to be confirmed in other populations.In this study,we used Sanger sequencing to detect SNPs in the promoter region of CYP7A1 in a population consisting of unrelated patients and controls from the Han Chinese population（129 MS;89 NMO;325 controls）.Two known SNPs,204A〉C（rs3808607）and 469T〉C（rs3824260）,and a novel SNP（208G〉C）were identified in the 5＇-UTR of CYP7A1.The 204A〉C was in complete linkage with 469T〉C and both were associated with NMO but not with MS.Results suggest that the CYP7A1 allele was associated with NMO.NMO and MS have different genetic risk factors.This further supports the emerging evidence that MS and NMO are distinct disorders.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract Nos 2016YFC1402704 and2016YFC1401007the International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of China under contract No.2011DFA22260
文摘A massive iceberg, named A-68 by National Ice Center （NIC） officially, calved away from the Larsen C Ice Shelf in Antarctica on luly 12, 2017. The iceberg A-68 is about 5 800 km2, weighs more than a trillion tons and it is one of the biggest ever recorded icebergs. Chinese satellites Gaofen-1 （GF-1） and Gaofen-3 （GF-3） data was used to monitoring the propagation of the rift and the iceberg by National Satellite Ocean Application Service （NSOAS）.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation Grant,No. 30860374
文摘AIM:To study the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by 5,2,4'-trihydroxy-6,7,5'-trimethoxyflavone(TTF1) isolated from an extract of herbal medicine Sorbaria sorbifolia.METHODS:Angiogenic activity was assayed using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane(CAM) method.Microvessel density(MVD) was determined by staining tissue sections immunohistochemically for CD34 using the Weidner capillary counting method.The mRNA and protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),vascular endothelialgrowth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2,Flk-1/KDR),basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF),cyclo-oxygenase(COX)-2 and hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)-1α were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis.RESULTS:The TTF1 inhibition rates for CAM were 30.8%,38.2% and 47.5% with treatment concentrations of 25,50 and 100 μg/embryo × 5 d,respectively.The inhibitory rates for tumor size were 43.8%,49.4% and 59.6% at TTF1 treatment concentrations of 5,10,and 20 μmol/kg,respectively.The average MVD was 14.2,11.2 and 8.5 at treatment concentrations of 5 μmol/kg,10 μmol/kg and 20 μmol/kg TTF1,respectively.The mRNA and protein levels of VEGF,KDR,bFGF,COX-2 and HIF-1α in mice treated with TTF1 were significantly decreased.CONCLUSION:TTF1 can inhibit tumor angiogenesis,and the mechanism may be associated with the down-regulation of VEGF,KDR,bFGF,HIF-1α and COX-2.
基金the National Beef Cattle Industry and Technology System for their financial support
文摘Background：The experiment evaluated the effect of nutrition levels and sex on the growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus × Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle.Methods：During the background period of 184 d,23 steers and 24 heifers were fed the same ration,then put into a2×2×2 factorial arrangement under two levels of- dietary energy（TON：70/80%DM）,protein（CP：11.9/14.3%DM）and sex（S：male/female） during the finishing phase of 146 d.The treatments were-（1） high energy/low protein（HELP）,（2） high energy/high protein（HEHP）,（3） low energy/low protein（LELP） and（4） low energy/high protein（LEHP）.Each treatment used 6 steers and 6 heifers,except for HELP- 5 steers and 6 heifers.Results：Growth rate and final carcass weight were unaffected by dietary energy and protein levels or by sex.Compared with the LE diet group,the HE group had significantly lower dry matter intake（DMI,6.76 vs.7.48 kg DM/d）,greater chest girth increments（46.1 vs.36.8 cm）,higher carcass fat（19.9 vs.16.3%） and intramuscular fat content（29.9 vs.22.8%DM）.The HE group also had improved yields of top and medium top grade commercial meat cuts（39.9 vs.36.5%）.The dressing percentage was higher for the HP group than the LP group（53.4 vs.54.9%）.Steers had a greater length increment（9.0 vs.8.3 cm）,but lower carcass fat content（16.8 vs.19.4%） than heifers.The meat quality traits（shear force value,drip loss,cooking loss and water holding capacity） were not affected by treatments or sex,averaging 3.14 kg,2.5,31.5 and 52.9%,respectively.The nutritive profiles（both fatty and amino acid composition） were not influenced by the energy or protein levels or by sex.Conclusions：The dietary energy and protein levels and sex significantly influenced the carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat but not thegrowth performance,meat quality traits and nutritive profiles.
基金supported by a grant from the University Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program in Liaoning Province of China,No.201310160016
文摘Expression of genes in the Notch signaling pathway is altered in the injured spinal cord, which indicates that Notch participates in repair after spinal cord injury. Buyang Huanwu decoction, a traditional Chinese herbal preparation, can promote the growth of nerve cells and nerve fibers; however, it is unclear whether Buyang Huanwu decoction affects the Notch signaling pathway in injured spinal cord. In this study, a rat model was established by injuring the T10 spinal cord. At 2 days after injury, rats were intragastrically administered 2 m L of 0.8 g/m L Buyang Huanwu decoction daily until sacrifice. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that at 7, 14 and 28 days after injury, the expression of Notch1 was increased in the Buyang Huanwu decoction group compared with controls. These findings confirm that Buyang Huanwu decoction can promote the expression of Notch1 in rats with incomplete spinal cord injury, and may indicate a mechanism to promote the repair of spinal cord injury.
基金funded the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41501010, 41401611)the Funds for Creative Research Groups of China (41121001)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Urumqi Glacier No. 1 is a representative glacier in the inland areas of Central Asia and is the only Chinese reference glacier in the World Glacier Monitoring Service. In this study, we explored multi-decadal variations in the flow velocity of the glacier and the influencing factors based on continuous field observations and path coefficient analysis. Results show that the glacier flow velocity decreased from 5.5 m/a in 1980/1981 to 3.3 m/a in 2010/2011. The annual variation in the direction of glacier flow velocity in the western branch and eastern branch was less than 1°–3°, and the change of glacier flow velocity in the western branch was more dramatic than that in the eastern branch. Glacier flow velocity was influenced by glacier morphology（including glacier area, glacier length, and ice thickness）, glacier mass balance and local climate conditions（air temperature and precipitation）, the glacier morphology being the leading factor. The long-term flow velocity data set of Urumqi Glacier No. 1 contributes to a better understanding of glacier dynamics within the context of climatic warming.
基金partially supported by grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China[81502869]Suzhou Key technologies of prevention and control of major diseases and infectious diseases[Gwzx201506,Gwzx201605,Gwzx201706]
文摘Hypertriglyceridemia （HTG） is an important metabolic disease and strongly associated with the development of hypertension, atherosclerosis,coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）. HTG risk is affected by various factors and might occur owing to the complex synergistic interaction between the genetic background and environmental factors;.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91231108)the Breakthrough Project of Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB13000000)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(to GDW)
文摘Hypoxia represents one of the most extreme environmental conditions for both human beings and animals living at high al- titudes （Zhao et al., 2009）. Over the past few years, great attention has been focused on the genetic bases of adaption to high-altitude environments （Bigham et al., 2010; Simonson et al., 2010）. The domestic dog （Canisfamiliaris） is the first animal that developed an intimate relationship with human beings. Dogs migrated with human beings and have adapted to variety of ecological niches （Savolainen et al., 2002）. Our previous research revealed parallel evolution and convergent evolution in the adaptation of dogs and humans to the high-altitude environment of the Tibetan plateau （Wang et al., 2013, 2014）, suggesting that exploring the adaption of domestic dogs to high-altitude hypoxia is an interesting and important question.
文摘Submission of a manuscript implies： that the work described has not been published before （except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis）; that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as - tacitly or explicitly - by the responsible authorities at the institution where the work was carried out. The author warrants that his/her contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors.
文摘This study explored the distribution of three types of English formulaic language, which involves four categories in L1 Chinese L2 English learners’ speaking performance. In addition, it investigated the relationship between the English learners’ use of formulaic language and their spoken English fluency. A CCA(canonical correlation analysis) was conducted to examine the correlations between two sets of fluency variables(dependent variables) and linguistic variables of English formulaic language use(independent variables). The fluency variable set consists of:(1)temporal indices such as SR(speech rate), AR(articulation rate), MLR(mean length of run), and PTR(phonation time ratio);(2) linguistic variables of English formulaic language like F2 R(twoword formulaic sequences/run ratio, B3 R(three-word lexical bundles/run ratio), and B4 R(fourword lexical bundles/run ratio). These are calculated according to the frequency of the English formulaic language in the speech samples of the participants(n = 86) across three academic levels.The results indicate that the learners’ spoken English fluency is highly related to their use of English formulaic language. Its limitations and future research directions are also discussed.
基金Supported by Research Grant from the Health Bureau of Shanghai(No.2008J003A)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of different doses of Wenxiao Ⅱ Decoction on the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) in an experimental model of atherosclerosis in rabbits and to explore the mechanism by which it alleviates atherosclerosis.METHODS:Sixty 3-4 month-old New Zealand rabbits of both sexes were randomly divided into six groups:simvastain;model;blank;and high-dose,mid-dose,and low-dose Wenxiao Ⅱ Decoction groups.Except for those in the blank group,all rabbits were fed a high-cholesterol diet.Carotid atherosclerosis was established by balloon-induced injury to the endothelium of the carotid artery in conjunction with consumption of a high-cholesterol diet.After 8 weeks,all rabbits were killed to evaluate the expression of MCP-1 and VCAM-1 by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS:Expressions of MCP-1 and VCAM-1 were significantly decreased in all groups except the blank group compared with the model group(P<0.05).When compared with the simvastain group only variation of MCP-1 expression in low-dose group was not appreciable,and the differences were indistinct(P<0.05).When comparing among Wenxiao Ⅱ Decoction groups,MCP-1 expression in the mid-and high-dose groups was significantly lower than that seen in the low-dose group(P<0.01),but there were no differences among three dosage groups with respect to VCAM-1 expression(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:These data suggested that high,mid,and low doses of Wenxiao Ⅱ Decoction can inhibit the expression of MCP-1 and VCAM-1,which may prevent the formation of or stabilize atherosclerotic plaques.There may be a direct relationship between the dosage of Wenxiao Ⅱ Decoction and its therapeutic efficacy.
基金supported by Public Service Platform of Science and Technology Projects in Data mining of contraceptives monitoring and research of risk assessment model(BM2012062)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Objective To evaluate the cytotoxicity of six commonly used copper-bearing intrauterine devices （Cu-IUDs） on Chinese hamster ovary （CHO-K1） cells and to investigate the influence of frame, shape and copper surface area of Cu-IUDs on cell toxicity.Methods Cu-IUDs were incubated in 10% FBS-DMEM/F12 culture medium at 37 ℃ for 24 h. The extracts were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometer and were then diluted into different concentrations with culture medium. Finally, cytotoxicity of these original and diluted extracts on CHO-K1 cells was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay.Results The viabilities of cells treated with the original extracts of six Cu-IUDs （TCu220C bulb, TCu220C, GCu220, GCu300, Yuangong Cu270 and Yuangong Ⅱ- 300） were all below 10% and the cupric ion concentrations in these extracts were 28.22 mg/L, 31.80 mg/L, 92.80 mg/L, 99.74 mg/L, 114.90 mg/L and 119.20 mg/L, respectively. After these original extracts were diluted, significant differences in cytotoxicity were exhibited. IUDs with larger copper surface areas （GCu300 and Yuangong Ⅱ-300） showed more cytotoxicity than those with smaller areas （GCu220 and Yuangong Cu270） respectively; When different shapes of Cu-IUDs were compared, TCu220C bulb showed lower cytotoxicity than TCu220C, and GCu300 exhibited higher toxicity than Yuangong Ⅱ-300; TCu220C displayed significantly lower cytotoxicity than GCu220 due to their differences in frames.Conclusion We presented evidence on the cytotoxic effects of copper ions released from Cu-IUDs on CHO-K1 cells and found that shape, frame together with copper surface area of Cu-IUDs had obvious influence on the cytotoxicity.
文摘1 Scope This standard specifies the terms, definition, di-mension series, size designation representation, dimen-sion standard representation, brick dimension, and di- mension characteristics of general refractory bricks.
