In this work,firstly the general definition of law and types of law are presented.Then general definition of justice and types of justice are explained.Constructional and/or complementary theories are defined as gener...In this work,firstly the general definition of law and types of law are presented.Then general definition of justice and types of justice are explained.Constructional and/or complementary theories are defined as general/specific,and interaction theories,relationship theories,and hybrid theories are specifically mentioned.Accordingly,the interactions between the disciplines of law and justice are explained in more detail.Then,the general definition of engineering and philosophy of engineering are explained.The interactions between engineering and law are specifically evaluated,and interactions between engineering and 52 types of law are defined and case studies found in the literature are indicated for each.Then interactions between engineering and justice briefly mentioned.Relationships/interactions between engineering and 25 different types of justice discussed and evaluated with specific examples.Emphasis was placed on the historical development of the subject of philosophy in general,and philosophy of law was defined more specifically.Some of the philosophers of law and their areas of interest are presented in a table format and compared.The new perspective of philosophy was defined and the disciplines of R-Philosophy,R-Science,R-Justice,R-Law,R-Engineering,and R-Religion were expressed with the relevant basic concepts.New Era Philosophy,new and reconstructed Basic Philosophies,and Ideal Philosophical System explained generally.New perspective for the philosophy of justice is defined by considering the related new theories.Philosophy of defense,philosophy of equity,philosophy of equivalence,philosophy of judgment,philosophy of law,philosophy of protection,philosophy of punishment,and philosophy of rights are defined due to new perspective of philosophy.Also,philosophy of engineering law,philosophy of information technology law,philosophy of telecommunication law,and philosophy of security are defined by taking into account hybrid philosophies and general theories related to them.The interaction of engineering,law,justice,and basic philosophies has been generally expressed.展开更多
For more than four hundred years,the modern medical system has primarily inherited the Western cultural tradition and taken shape gradually on the basis of innovating classical Western medicine.In the tradition of anc...For more than four hundred years,the modern medical system has primarily inherited the Western cultural tradition and taken shape gradually on the basis of innovating classical Western medicine.In the tradition of ancient Greek medicine,the Hippocratic school and its successor,the Galenic school,based their medical understanding on the humoral theory and theory of temperaments,holding that there exists an intimate connection between human bodily functions and the mind.展开更多
“Shen”is one of the core contents in the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Taoist philosophy plays an important role in promoting the theoretical shaping and medical transformation of“Shen”.Taking ...“Shen”is one of the core contents in the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Taoist philosophy plays an important role in promoting the theoretical shaping and medical transformation of“Shen”.Taking the medical history as the thread and medical philosophy as the speculative dimension,this paper systematically sorts out the evolutionary trajectory of“Shen”in TCM from supernatural worship to philosophical abstraction,and then to medical embodiment,deeply analyzes the shaping effect of Taoist thought on the theoretical framework of“Shen”,and interprets its contemporary medical value.The research shows that Taoist philosophy provides a cosmological foundation,the core of the interdependence of essence,Qi,blood and Shen,and the guidance of spiritual inward concentration for“Shen”in TCM;Huangdi Neijing(Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic)deeply integrates Taoist philosophy with medical practice,promoting the medical transformation of“Shen”.Its core ideas of“the unity of nature and man”and“the unity of form and Shen”provide traditional wisdom for modern psychosomatic medicine and systems medicine.The“Shen”theory,for which Taoist philosophy serves as an important intellectual source,is not only a crucial foundation for the inheritance and innovation of TCM theory,but also provides important ideological reference for the holistic development of modern medicine.展开更多
Volume 37, Number 3, 2003Effect of microsilica on flowability and flow decay ofAl;O;-SiC-C castables for BF trough （125～127 ）.Chen Zhiqiang, He Xia, Bjorn Myhre, et al. -Al;O;-SiC-Ccastable, Flowability, Microsilic...Volume 37, Number 3, 2003Effect of microsilica on flowability and flow decay ofAl;O;-SiC-C castables for BF trough （125～127 ）.Chen Zhiqiang, He Xia, Bjorn Myhre, et al. -Al;O;-SiC-Ccastable, Flowability, Microsilica, Wo-rkingtime, Reactive alumina. -Effects of microsilica addi-tion and reactive alumina type on flowability, flowdecay and working time of Al;O;-SiC-C castables forBF trough were investigated. The results show that展开更多
Effects of B4 C and Si antioxidant on oxidation resistance of low-carbon MgO-C bricks.Effects of dispersion method and content of nanometer carbon black on mechanical properties of low carbon MgO-C materials.
Volume 43, Number 6, 2009Dissolution behaviors of refractory fiber powders in simulated lung fluid. Wang Xitang, Liu Hao, Zhang Baoguo, et al. （401 - 404）. --Bio-soluble refractoofiber, Sim.lated lung fluid, Dissolu...Volume 43, Number 6, 2009Dissolution behaviors of refractory fiber powders in simulated lung fluid. Wang Xitang, Liu Hao, Zhang Baoguo, et al. （401 - 404）. --Bio-soluble refractoofiber, Sim.lated lung fluid, Dissolution behavior--The dissolution behaviors in Gamble solution （simulated lung fluid） of bio-soluble refractory fiber and alumino- silicate refractory fiber were analyzed and compared using ICP - AES, FTIR,展开更多
Influences of fused alumina and β-SiAION additions on rheological properties of MgO-based castables,Coal ash slag wettability on Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2 bricks and its penetration behavior,Slag resistance of MgO-SiC-C compo...Influences of fused alumina and β-SiAION additions on rheological properties of MgO-based castables,Coal ash slag wettability on Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2 bricks and its penetration behavior,Slag resistance of MgO-SiC-C composite,Oxidation resistance of unfired Al/Si-containing low carbon Al2O3-β-SiAlON materials……展开更多
Volume 42, Number 3, 2008Effects of B4C and Si antioxidant on oxidation resistance of low-carbon MgO-C bricks.Wang Zhiqiang,Zhu Boquan,Fang Binxiang,et al.(161-164).-Boron carbide,Silicon powder,Low carbon magnesia ca...Volume 42, Number 3, 2008Effects of B4C and Si antioxidant on oxidation resistance of low-carbon MgO-C bricks.Wang Zhiqiang,Zhu Boquan,Fang Binxiang,et al.(161-164).-Boron carbide,Silicon powder,Low carbon magnesia carbon bricks,Oxidation resistance-The low-carbon MgO-C specimens with size of 36 mm×36 mm were prepared using fused magnesia,crystalline flake graphite and carbon black as main starting materials,thermoplastic phenol formaldehyde resin as binder,hexamethylene tetramine as fixing tanning agent,Si powder(w(Si)>80%,particle size <0.074 mm)and B4C (d90=36.5 μm) as antioxidant,pressing at 200 MPa and drying at 200 ℃ for 24 h.The oxidation resistance experiments were conducted at 600 ℃,1 000 ℃ and 1 400 ℃ for 2 h,respectively.Effects of B4C and Si antioxidant on oxidation resistance of low-carbon MgO-C bricks were studied by comparing the areas of the decarburized layers.The results show that:(1)When Si powder addition is 3%,at 600 ℃ and 1 000 ℃,the specimens with 0.5% B4C performs good oxidation resistance;At 1 400 ℃,the oxidation resistance of the specimens increase with the addition of B4C increasing,and that with 0.7% B4C is the best.(2)When B4C addition is 0.5%,at 600 ℃ and 1 000 ℃,the oxidation resistances of the specimens with 3% and 5% Si powder are silimar,which are better than that of the specimen with 1% Si powder;and at 1 400 ℃,the oxidation resistance of the specimens improves obviously with the addition of Si powder increasing,and that with 5% silicon powder is the best.(3)Based on the results,it is believed that the low-carbon MgO-C bricks with 0.5% B4C and 3% Si powder perform the best oxidation resistance.展开更多
Basic research and technical development of refrac- tories achieved during the Tenth Five Year Plan for iron and steel industry. Wang Jinxiang. （321- 326）. -Iron and steel industry, Refractories- The basic research ...Basic research and technical development of refrac- tories achieved during the Tenth Five Year Plan for iron and steel industry. Wang Jinxiang. （321- 326）. -Iron and steel industry, Refractories- The basic research and technical development of refractories achieved during the Tenth Five Year Plan（2001-2005 ） for iron and steel industry in China have been briefly introduced. The developing trend for refractories afterwards has been discussed in this paper.展开更多
Volume 42,Number 5,2008Synthesis of MgAl2O4 spinel from mechanically activated mixtures of magnesium hydroxide-boehmite or-aluminum tri-hydroxide.Ye Guotian,George Oprea,Tom Troczynski.(321-325).-Magnesium aluminate s...Volume 42,Number 5,2008Synthesis of MgAl2O4 spinel from mechanically activated mixtures of magnesium hydroxide-boehmite or-aluminum tri-hydroxide.Ye Guotian,George Oprea,Tom Troczynski.(321-325).-Magnesium aluminate spinel,Mechanical activation,Synthesis-Magnesium hydroxide,boehmite and amorphous aluminum tri-hydroxide were used as the starting materials.Two mixtures of magnesium hydroxide-boehmite and magnesium hydroxide-amorphous aluminum tri-hydroxide with MgO/Al2O3 molar ratio of 1:1 were mixed in a展开更多
Volume 43,Number 2,2009 Refractories for RH degassers and ways of improving RH lining life. Chen Zhaoyou. (81-95). -Refractories for RH,Refine slag resistance,Magnesite-chrome brick,Structural spalling,Silicon steel...Volume 43,Number 2,2009 Refractories for RH degassers and ways of improving RH lining life. Chen Zhaoyou. (81-95). -Refractories for RH,Refine slag resistance,Magnesite-chrome brick,Structural spalling,Silicon steel-This paper attempts to clarify the systematic works of the refractories for the RH degassers and the ways of improving RH lining life. It includes:(1)Types of RH degassers. (2)The operating conditions of refining and the severely damaged areas in RH degassers. (3)The reasions why side wall and bottom of lower vessel,throat and snorkels become the severe wear areas are analyzed,such as erosion and abrasion caused by the high circulation rate of treated molten steel,thermal and structural spalling by the violent temperature change,high corrosion by the Fe-oxides containing siliceous slag and CaF2-riched desulfurization powders attack,degradation of texture by the vaporisation of refractory components in vacuum and in oxygen blowing. Besides the above mentioned factors,another reason making the snorkels become the most quick wear elements is also explained. (4)The studies of resistance to refining slags attack and slag penetration and its prevention. The evaluation of various refractory materials to withstand the attack of slags is based on the experimental results of rotating cylinder method,rotary drum test and induction furnace test,and the phase diagrams analyses. The measures to reduce the slag penetration are discussed,for example the depth of slag penetration can be decreased by reducing the size of brick pores. (5)Suitable refractory materials selection and recent developments for the different severe wear areas in RH,and lining maintenance. (6)Refractories for RH to refine silicon steel. (7)The ways of improving RH lining life.展开更多
Volume 41, Number 2, 2007 Influences of fused alumina and β-SiAlON additions on rheological properties of MgO-based castables. Ma Chengliang, Zhang Dianwei, Ye Fangbao, et al. (81-84). -Magnesia-based castables, Rheo...Volume 41, Number 2, 2007 Influences of fused alumina and β-SiAlON additions on rheological properties of MgO-based castables. Ma Chengliang, Zhang Dianwei, Ye Fangbao, et al. (81-84). -Magnesia-based castables, Rheological properties,SiAlON,Fused alumina- Magnesia-based castables were prepared by using fused magnesite as aggregate(8-5 mm,5-3 mm,3-1 mm,≤1 mm),27%展开更多
Volume 40,Number 3,2006Study on graphite surface modification by heterogeneous nucleation process. Cao Ran,Li Hongxia（161-164）. -Graphite,Surface modification,Heterogeneous nucleation,Zirconia,Oxidation resistance -...Volume 40,Number 3,2006Study on graphite surface modification by heterogeneous nucleation process. Cao Ran,Li Hongxia（161-164）. -Graphite,Surface modification,Heterogeneous nucleation,Zirconia,Oxidation resistance - Flaky graphite particles were coated by ZrOCl2·8H2O as precursors by heterogeneous nucleation process.The effects of factors such as pH values（2.4-5.1）,concentration of the precursor solution（0.005-0.1 mol·L -1）,mixing method of graphite and precursor solution on the surface modification of graphite were studied. Result shows that:1)The preferable technical process for heterogeneous nucleation modified graphite is to mix the graphite suspension and precursor solution with concentration 0.025 mol·L -1 and then drip ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 3.6;2)By surface modification,the ZrO2 particles are evenly coated on graphite surface and therefore improves oxidation resistance and dispersion ability of graphite.展开更多
Effects of nano-Al2O3 on microstructure and properties of corundum refractories,Effect of reclaimed waste fused cast AZS on properties of Al2O3-SIC bricks,Slag resistance of dolomite refractories under different condi...Effects of nano-Al2O3 on microstructure and properties of corundum refractories,Effect of reclaimed waste fused cast AZS on properties of Al2O3-SIC bricks,Slag resistance of dolomite refractories under different conditions,Alumina-carbon refractories strengthened by insitu synthetic O＇-SiAION whiskers……展开更多
Effect of ultra-fine dolomite on physical property of corundum-spinel castables;Influence of AlN on property of Al2O3-C material;Effect of TiO2 addition on sintering and microstructure of magnesia-alumina-titania refr...Effect of ultra-fine dolomite on physical property of corundum-spinel castables;Influence of AlN on property of Al2O3-C material;Effect of TiO2 addition on sintering and microstructure of magnesia-alumina-titania refractories;Effects of NaBr-KCl and different carbon sources on synthesis of Ti （ C, N ） powder;Comparison of corrosion resistance of magnesiazirconia brick and magnesia-chrome brick to RH furnace slag.展开更多
文摘In this work,firstly the general definition of law and types of law are presented.Then general definition of justice and types of justice are explained.Constructional and/or complementary theories are defined as general/specific,and interaction theories,relationship theories,and hybrid theories are specifically mentioned.Accordingly,the interactions between the disciplines of law and justice are explained in more detail.Then,the general definition of engineering and philosophy of engineering are explained.The interactions between engineering and law are specifically evaluated,and interactions between engineering and 52 types of law are defined and case studies found in the literature are indicated for each.Then interactions between engineering and justice briefly mentioned.Relationships/interactions between engineering and 25 different types of justice discussed and evaluated with specific examples.Emphasis was placed on the historical development of the subject of philosophy in general,and philosophy of law was defined more specifically.Some of the philosophers of law and their areas of interest are presented in a table format and compared.The new perspective of philosophy was defined and the disciplines of R-Philosophy,R-Science,R-Justice,R-Law,R-Engineering,and R-Religion were expressed with the relevant basic concepts.New Era Philosophy,new and reconstructed Basic Philosophies,and Ideal Philosophical System explained generally.New perspective for the philosophy of justice is defined by considering the related new theories.Philosophy of defense,philosophy of equity,philosophy of equivalence,philosophy of judgment,philosophy of law,philosophy of protection,philosophy of punishment,and philosophy of rights are defined due to new perspective of philosophy.Also,philosophy of engineering law,philosophy of information technology law,philosophy of telecommunication law,and philosophy of security are defined by taking into account hybrid philosophies and general theories related to them.The interaction of engineering,law,justice,and basic philosophies has been generally expressed.
基金funded by National Social Science Fund of China,grant number 23XZX006.
文摘For more than four hundred years,the modern medical system has primarily inherited the Western cultural tradition and taken shape gradually on the basis of innovating classical Western medicine.In the tradition of ancient Greek medicine,the Hippocratic school and its successor,the Galenic school,based their medical understanding on the humoral theory and theory of temperaments,holding that there exists an intimate connection between human bodily functions and the mind.
基金supported by the Tianjin Municipal Education Commission Scientific Research Plan Project(Grant No.2022ZD042).
文摘“Shen”is one of the core contents in the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Taoist philosophy plays an important role in promoting the theoretical shaping and medical transformation of“Shen”.Taking the medical history as the thread and medical philosophy as the speculative dimension,this paper systematically sorts out the evolutionary trajectory of“Shen”in TCM from supernatural worship to philosophical abstraction,and then to medical embodiment,deeply analyzes the shaping effect of Taoist thought on the theoretical framework of“Shen”,and interprets its contemporary medical value.The research shows that Taoist philosophy provides a cosmological foundation,the core of the interdependence of essence,Qi,blood and Shen,and the guidance of spiritual inward concentration for“Shen”in TCM;Huangdi Neijing(Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic)deeply integrates Taoist philosophy with medical practice,promoting the medical transformation of“Shen”.Its core ideas of“the unity of nature and man”and“the unity of form and Shen”provide traditional wisdom for modern psychosomatic medicine and systems medicine.The“Shen”theory,for which Taoist philosophy serves as an important intellectual source,is not only a crucial foundation for the inheritance and innovation of TCM theory,but also provides important ideological reference for the holistic development of modern medicine.
文摘Volume 37, Number 3, 2003Effect of microsilica on flowability and flow decay ofAl;O;-SiC-C castables for BF trough （125～127 ）.Chen Zhiqiang, He Xia, Bjorn Myhre, et al. -Al;O;-SiC-Ccastable, Flowability, Microsilica, Wo-rkingtime, Reactive alumina. -Effects of microsilica addi-tion and reactive alumina type on flowability, flowdecay and working time of Al;O;-SiC-C castables forBF trough were investigated. The results show that
文摘Effects of B4 C and Si antioxidant on oxidation resistance of low-carbon MgO-C bricks.Effects of dispersion method and content of nanometer carbon black on mechanical properties of low carbon MgO-C materials.
文摘Volume 43, Number 6, 2009Dissolution behaviors of refractory fiber powders in simulated lung fluid. Wang Xitang, Liu Hao, Zhang Baoguo, et al. （401 - 404）. --Bio-soluble refractoofiber, Sim.lated lung fluid, Dissolution behavior--The dissolution behaviors in Gamble solution （simulated lung fluid） of bio-soluble refractory fiber and alumino- silicate refractory fiber were analyzed and compared using ICP - AES, FTIR,
文摘Influences of fused alumina and β-SiAION additions on rheological properties of MgO-based castables,Coal ash slag wettability on Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2 bricks and its penetration behavior,Slag resistance of MgO-SiC-C composite,Oxidation resistance of unfired Al/Si-containing low carbon Al2O3-β-SiAlON materials……
文摘Volume 42, Number 3, 2008Effects of B4C and Si antioxidant on oxidation resistance of low-carbon MgO-C bricks.Wang Zhiqiang,Zhu Boquan,Fang Binxiang,et al.(161-164).-Boron carbide,Silicon powder,Low carbon magnesia carbon bricks,Oxidation resistance-The low-carbon MgO-C specimens with size of 36 mm×36 mm were prepared using fused magnesia,crystalline flake graphite and carbon black as main starting materials,thermoplastic phenol formaldehyde resin as binder,hexamethylene tetramine as fixing tanning agent,Si powder(w(Si)>80%,particle size <0.074 mm)and B4C (d90=36.5 μm) as antioxidant,pressing at 200 MPa and drying at 200 ℃ for 24 h.The oxidation resistance experiments were conducted at 600 ℃,1 000 ℃ and 1 400 ℃ for 2 h,respectively.Effects of B4C and Si antioxidant on oxidation resistance of low-carbon MgO-C bricks were studied by comparing the areas of the decarburized layers.The results show that:(1)When Si powder addition is 3%,at 600 ℃ and 1 000 ℃,the specimens with 0.5% B4C performs good oxidation resistance;At 1 400 ℃,the oxidation resistance of the specimens increase with the addition of B4C increasing,and that with 0.7% B4C is the best.(2)When B4C addition is 0.5%,at 600 ℃ and 1 000 ℃,the oxidation resistances of the specimens with 3% and 5% Si powder are silimar,which are better than that of the specimen with 1% Si powder;and at 1 400 ℃,the oxidation resistance of the specimens improves obviously with the addition of Si powder increasing,and that with 5% silicon powder is the best.(3)Based on the results,it is believed that the low-carbon MgO-C bricks with 0.5% B4C and 3% Si powder perform the best oxidation resistance.
文摘Basic research and technical development of refrac- tories achieved during the Tenth Five Year Plan for iron and steel industry. Wang Jinxiang. （321- 326）. -Iron and steel industry, Refractories- The basic research and technical development of refractories achieved during the Tenth Five Year Plan（2001-2005 ） for iron and steel industry in China have been briefly introduced. The developing trend for refractories afterwards has been discussed in this paper.
文摘Volume 42,Number 5,2008Synthesis of MgAl2O4 spinel from mechanically activated mixtures of magnesium hydroxide-boehmite or-aluminum tri-hydroxide.Ye Guotian,George Oprea,Tom Troczynski.(321-325).-Magnesium aluminate spinel,Mechanical activation,Synthesis-Magnesium hydroxide,boehmite and amorphous aluminum tri-hydroxide were used as the starting materials.Two mixtures of magnesium hydroxide-boehmite and magnesium hydroxide-amorphous aluminum tri-hydroxide with MgO/Al2O3 molar ratio of 1:1 were mixed in a
文摘Volume 43,Number 2,2009 Refractories for RH degassers and ways of improving RH lining life. Chen Zhaoyou. (81-95). -Refractories for RH,Refine slag resistance,Magnesite-chrome brick,Structural spalling,Silicon steel-This paper attempts to clarify the systematic works of the refractories for the RH degassers and the ways of improving RH lining life. It includes:(1)Types of RH degassers. (2)The operating conditions of refining and the severely damaged areas in RH degassers. (3)The reasions why side wall and bottom of lower vessel,throat and snorkels become the severe wear areas are analyzed,such as erosion and abrasion caused by the high circulation rate of treated molten steel,thermal and structural spalling by the violent temperature change,high corrosion by the Fe-oxides containing siliceous slag and CaF2-riched desulfurization powders attack,degradation of texture by the vaporisation of refractory components in vacuum and in oxygen blowing. Besides the above mentioned factors,another reason making the snorkels become the most quick wear elements is also explained. (4)The studies of resistance to refining slags attack and slag penetration and its prevention. The evaluation of various refractory materials to withstand the attack of slags is based on the experimental results of rotating cylinder method,rotary drum test and induction furnace test,and the phase diagrams analyses. The measures to reduce the slag penetration are discussed,for example the depth of slag penetration can be decreased by reducing the size of brick pores. (5)Suitable refractory materials selection and recent developments for the different severe wear areas in RH,and lining maintenance. (6)Refractories for RH to refine silicon steel. (7)The ways of improving RH lining life.
文摘Volume 41, Number 2, 2007 Influences of fused alumina and β-SiAlON additions on rheological properties of MgO-based castables. Ma Chengliang, Zhang Dianwei, Ye Fangbao, et al. (81-84). -Magnesia-based castables, Rheological properties,SiAlON,Fused alumina- Magnesia-based castables were prepared by using fused magnesite as aggregate(8-5 mm,5-3 mm,3-1 mm,≤1 mm),27%
文摘Volume 40,Number 3,2006Study on graphite surface modification by heterogeneous nucleation process. Cao Ran,Li Hongxia（161-164）. -Graphite,Surface modification,Heterogeneous nucleation,Zirconia,Oxidation resistance - Flaky graphite particles were coated by ZrOCl2·8H2O as precursors by heterogeneous nucleation process.The effects of factors such as pH values（2.4-5.1）,concentration of the precursor solution（0.005-0.1 mol·L -1）,mixing method of graphite and precursor solution on the surface modification of graphite were studied. Result shows that:1)The preferable technical process for heterogeneous nucleation modified graphite is to mix the graphite suspension and precursor solution with concentration 0.025 mol·L -1 and then drip ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 3.6;2)By surface modification,the ZrO2 particles are evenly coated on graphite surface and therefore improves oxidation resistance and dispersion ability of graphite.
文摘Effects of nano-Al2O3 on microstructure and properties of corundum refractories,Effect of reclaimed waste fused cast AZS on properties of Al2O3-SIC bricks,Slag resistance of dolomite refractories under different conditions,Alumina-carbon refractories strengthened by insitu synthetic O＇-SiAION whiskers……
文摘Effect of ultra-fine dolomite on physical property of corundum-spinel castables;Influence of AlN on property of Al2O3-C material;Effect of TiO2 addition on sintering and microstructure of magnesia-alumina-titania refractories;Effects of NaBr-KCl and different carbon sources on synthesis of Ti （ C, N ） powder;Comparison of corrosion resistance of magnesiazirconia brick and magnesia-chrome brick to RH furnace slag.
