Gas chimneys,salt domes,and faults are vital to the movement of hydrocarbons within geological systems.Accurate identification of these geological features is crucial to modeling hydrocarbon resources.This study explo...Gas chimneys,salt domes,and faults are vital to the movement of hydrocarbons within geological systems.Accurate identification of these geological features is crucial to modeling hydrocarbon resources.This study explores the processes that have shaped the eastern Persian Gulf,focusing on salt diapir characteristics,origin,and fluid migration.Plate collisions between the Indian,Eurasian,and Arabian Plates have considerably impacted salt tectonics,developing key features such as the Hormuz salt,Qatar-South Fars Arch,and Zagros and Oman orogenic structures.Salt-related features were discerned through two-dimensional seismic data and drilling records,salt movement sequences were reconstructed,and fluid expulsion patterns were delineated using attribute preferences.The results of this study revealed that fractured substrates influenced by regional tectonic forces contribute to the creation of salt diapirs,which serve as conduits for guided fluid transport.Moreover,these results showed that gravity-driven downbuilding mainly controls salt flow,while the circular arrangement of salt structures results from regional stress and interactions between different salt sources.Distinct stress-induced basement incisions compounded by the hindrance of initial salt movement by the Qatar Arch further contribute to the complex salt structure geometry.Crucially,the uplift of the Qatar Arch and stresses from the Oman and Zagros orogenies profoundly affect the salt structure geometry and depositional patterns across diverse regions,resulting in circular salt structures and gas chimneys.This study offers valuable perspectives for oil and gas exploration and provides a comprehensive understanding of the regional dynamics governing salt tectonics and hydrocarbon ascent in the eastern Persian Gulf.展开更多
Microtextures and struetures of 9 hydrothermal chimneys sampled on the small spreading ridge Of the Mari ana Trough during SONNE Cruise 57 (SO57) and 69 (SO69) in 1988 and 1990 were studied by means of scanning elec...Microtextures and struetures of 9 hydrothermal chimneys sampled on the small spreading ridge Of the Mari ana Trough during SONNE Cruise 57 (SO57) and 69 (SO69) in 1988 and 1990 were studied by means of scanning electron microscope. The results reveal that the two types of chimneys from the Mariana Trough. the 'silicic chimneys' containing Fe sulfide and the pure 'silica chimneys' without sulfide, vary distinctly not only in mineral and chemical compositions, but also in microtextures and structures. The silicic chimneys generally show three major types of microtextures.The inside of the chimneys is dominated by holocrystalline or semicrystalline idiomorphic and hypidiomorphic granular textures and the outwall by amorphous colloidal texture. In some of the silicic chimneys relict texture is observed. However,the pure silica chimneys show chiefly amorphous colloidal texture from the inside to the outwall. Microstructurally. theinside of the silicic chimneys is dominated by a 'silica-covering' structure and a 'voidfilling' structure, and the outwall by a chain-like or three-dimentional chain-network structure built up by individual opal globules, whereas the pure silica chimneys are mainly three-dimentional chain-network and the dense silica bands in structure. These variations suggest that not only mineralizing conditions but also processes differ distinctly during the formation of the two types of chimneys, and that hydrothermal mineralization in the Mariana Trough shows a multistage or multieplsodical nature.展开更多
Gas emissions are produced by each economic entity individually—whether they are a large industrial enterprise, a boiler-house or a household (dwelling house). At that, in addition to visible chimneys, there are a lo...Gas emissions are produced by each economic entity individually—whether they are a large industrial enterprise, a boiler-house or a household (dwelling house). At that, in addition to visible chimneys, there are a lot of hidden (unrecorded) sources of emissions in form of ventilation branch pipes. Communal systems for removal and reprocessing of wastes of two types: liquid (municipal sewage lines) and solid (collection and removal of wastes) are operated in populated localities. For the third type of waste—gaseous—a similarly municipal structure does not exist. For the time being there is no possibility for full system control and neutralization of dust and gas wastes because there is no system in the physical form which would enable comprehensive receipt of exit gases from all the city sources for further processing thereof. It is for the first time when a principally new holistic approach to cleaning/treatment of all city dust and gas emissions (wastes) is proposed which consists in creation of a City Communal Aspiration System (Municipal Aspiration System) containing a city communal aspiration network (gas outlets) for receipt/transportation of exhaust (flue) gases and a plant for utilization of such wastes connected to such network. In other words, it is proposed to organize a “City without Chimneys”. The proposed solution permits to remove mass unsystematic and uncontrolled emissions of environmentally harmful gas wastes in cities, reduce climate risks and make the transition to a new level of organization of environmental planning and management and, therefore, eliminates or principally simplifies many ecological difficulties and restrictions in urban planning (inseparably related to ecology) in sanitary rules and standards.展开更多
This paper mainly introduces the designand construction of the multi-flue chimneysof Beilungang Power Plant, ShidongkouSecond Power Plant and Waigaoqiao PowerPlant which have been used in East Chinaarea. This paper co...This paper mainly introduces the designand construction of the multi-flue chimneysof Beilungang Power Plant, ShidongkouSecond Power Plant and Waigaoqiao PowerPlant which have been used in East Chinaarea. This paper contains the generalsituation of construction, material selection,lifting scheme of steel inner flue, designfeatures and construction method. It could bereferential to concerned design andconstruction companies.展开更多
The determination of the stable isotopes, δD, δ18 and δ30, values from hydrothermal chimneys in the Mariana Trough, the West Pacific, indicated that the pure siliceous chimneys with gentle data variation were forme...The determination of the stable isotopes, δD, δ18 and δ30, values from hydrothermal chimneys in the Mariana Trough, the West Pacific, indicated that the pure siliceous chimneys with gentle data variation were formed in low temperature environment. It reflects that the sea-floor hydrothermal activity of the Mariana Trough is primarily low-to-medium temperature hydrothermal eruption, and those chimneys with strong data variation and containing pyrite were formed in higher temperature environment. Key words Mariana Trough - stable isotope - geochemistry - hydrothermal chimney - genetic type Project 49876016 supported by NSFC.展开更多
Hydrothermal fuid containing abundant matter erupts from seafloor, meets ambient cold seawater and forms chimneys. So the main matter origins of chimneys are seawater and matter which are taken by hydrothermal fluid f...Hydrothermal fuid containing abundant matter erupts from seafloor, meets ambient cold seawater and forms chimneys. So the main matter origins of chimneys are seawater and matter which are taken by hydrothermal fluid from deep reservoir. However, because of seawater＇s little contribution to the forming of chimneys, it is usually covered by the abundant matter which is taken by hydrothermal fluid. Therefore, chimneys formed in ordinary deep elements, cannot be used to study the seawater＇s seawater hydrothermal activity, containing complex contribution to their formation. While the native sulfur chimneys, formed by hydrothermal activity near the sea area off Kueishantao, are single sulfur composition （over 99%）, and within chimneys distinct layers are seen. Different layers were sampled for trace element determination, with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry （ICP-MS）. By analyzing the data, we consider C-layer （secondary inner-layer） as the framework layer of the chimney which formed early （Fig.4）, and its trace elements derive from hydrothermal fluid. While the trace elements within A, B, D layers have undergone later alteration. A, B layers are affected by seawater and D layer by hydrothermal fluid. The increase of trace elements of A and B layers was calculated using C layer as background. Based on the known typical volume of chimneys of the near sea area off Kueishantao, we calculated the volume of seawater that contributed trace element to chimneys formation to be about 6.37×10^4 L. This simple quantified estimate may help us better understand the seafloor hydrothermal activity and chimneys.展开更多
Offshore Nile Delta in Egypt represents an enormous hydrocarbon province with recent projected gas and condensate discoveries of more than 50 trillion cubic feet“TCF”.Most of these occur in the post-salt hydrocarbon...Offshore Nile Delta in Egypt represents an enormous hydrocarbon province with recent projected gas and condensate discoveries of more than 50 trillion cubic feet“TCF”.Most of these occur in the post-salt hydrocarbon plays where biogenic gases are dominant.This study integrates organic geochemistry,seismic geomorphology and petrophysics in order to decipher the origin,and accumulation conditions of the wet gas/condensate blend in the Upper Miocene sub-salt Wakar Formation sandstones in Port Fouad Marine“PFM”Field,offshore Nile Delta.Hydrocarbon pay zones are scattered thin(<10 m)sandstones deposited in as turbiditic channel/levee complex facies.Spatial distribution of vertical gas chimneys(~2 km wide)rooting-down to the Messinian Rosetta salt is associated with the lateral pinching-out of the turbiditic sandstones.Organically-rich(total organic carbon“TOC”>1 w.t.%,hydrogen index“HI”>200 mgHC/gTOC)and mature(Tmax>430℃,vitrinite reflectance“VR”>0.6%R_(o)),source rocks are restricted to Upper Miocene Wakar and Oligo-Miocene Tineh formations.The latter contains more mature organofacies(up to 1.2%R_(o))and type Ⅱ/Ⅲ kerogen,thereby demonstrating a good capability to generate wet gases.The studied gas is wet and has thermogenic origin with signs of secondary microbial alteration,whereas the condensate contains a mixture of marine and terrestrial input.Molecular bio-markers of the condensate,isotopic and molecular composition of the gas reveals a generation of condensate prior to gas expulsion from the source.The Wakar sandstones have a heterogeneous pore system where three reservoir rock types(RRTⅠ,RRTⅡ and RRTⅢ).RRTI rocks present the bulk compo-sition of the Wakar pay zones.Spatial distribution of RRTⅠ facies likely control the accumulation of the sub-salt hydrocarbons.Our results provide a new evidence on an active petroleum system in the sub-salt Paleogene successions in the offshore Nile Delta where concomitant generation of gas/condensate blend has been outlined.展开更多
The Shenhu Area in the South China Sea is rich in oil and gas resources and has many vertical gas chimneys,making it an excellent geological environment for hydrate accumulation.This paper examines the geological cond...The Shenhu Area in the South China Sea is rich in oil and gas resources and has many vertical gas chimneys,making it an excellent geological environment for hydrate accumulation.This paper examines the geological conditions governing these gas-chimneys.A numerical simulation method based on the partial-equilibrium reaction model of hydrate was applied to simulate the migration of methane gas and the resultant hydrate formation when the gas enters the hydrate stability zone under the seabed through gas-chimneys.The dynamics of this gaschimney hydrate accumulation were analyzed,and the influences of different factors―namely,the fluid supply time,rate,and temperature―on the formation temperature and ultimate distribution of the hydrate reservoir were evaluated.The simulation results indicate that the accumulation of hydrate via gas-chimneys is significantly affected by the temperature of the gas source,the transfer state of the methane gas,and the number of cycles of alternating gas-water invasion.Hydrate accumulation takes shape in an annular or semi-annular distribution pattern divided by fluid state as follows:a two-phase gas-water zone,a three-phase gas-water-hydrate zone,a two-phase water-hydrate zone,and a phase of water passing from the inside to the outside.Formation inclination and reservoir heterogeneity can greatly affect the distribution shape and abundance of the hydrate.A high fluid supply temperature,frequent alternating invasions of gas and water,and long-term pore-water invasion at a high rate can jointly cause a large central hydrate-free zone.In contrast,a long-term supply shutdown during the alternating gas-water invasion process,and a high gas rate with a low water rate in the gas-dominant invasion stage,foster the accumulation of hydrate in great abundance and with considerable thickness.The results of this study can help us understand the accumulation of hydrate through gas chimneys in the Shenhu Area.展开更多
In view of the situation of multi-temperature,multi-medium and multi-discharge equipment on the integrated exhaust end platform of a natural gas distributed energy station,which is compact in layout,mutual influence,c...In view of the situation of multi-temperature,multi-medium and multi-discharge equipment on the integrated exhaust end platform of a natural gas distributed energy station,which is compact in layout,mutual influence,complex aerodynamic field and complex heat and mass transfer field,the temperature field and aerodynamic field of the platform were comprehensively studied through field experiments and numerical simulation.The research results show that the high temperature flue gas discharged from the chimney is hindered by the chimney cap and returns downward.The noise reduction walls around the chimney make the top of the platform pressurized under the crosswind,as a result,the inlet air temperature of each cooling equipment is generally higher than the ambient temperature,and the cooling efficiency is extremely low.According to the numerical simulation results,the effect of hot gas recirculation is intensified by the ambient crosswind.With the increase of the ambient crosswind,the flue gases coverage expands.The influence of ambient crosswind on inlet air temperature first increases and then decreases within the range of 1–8 m/s,showing a nearly normal distribution.Secondly,this study innovatively designed a new V-shaped chimney cap,compared with the A-shaped chimney cap,the new chimney cap effectively reduces its own obstruction to the smoke and changes the flow path of the smoke.After the smoke rises for a certain distance,the smoke returns downward,which effectively reduces the temperature of the smoke and thus reduces its impact on the air inlet of the cooling equipment.On-site measurement found that the cooling efficiency of various cooling equipment has increased by an average of 27.3%compared to before the renovation,and centrifuge’s refrigeration capacity increased by 0.78 GJ/h.展开更多
Seafloor hydrothermal chimneys are significant metal resources and have fundamental effects on marine chemistry balance.Previous studies on growth of the chimneys focused on mineral composition and elemental distribut...Seafloor hydrothermal chimneys are significant metal resources and have fundamental effects on marine chemistry balance.Previous studies on growth of the chimneys focused on mineral composition and elemental distribution in chimney walls,but the isotopic composition of different elements and their correlations remain poorly understood.Here,we report lateral Fe and S isotopes from sulfides across a chimney wall in detail from the Deyin-1 hydrothermal field(DHF) on the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge.Pyrite was characterized by increases in both δ34S and δ56Fe from the exterior to the interior within the chimney wall,which is likely related to enhanced S and Fe isotope fractionation between pyrite and fluids derived from the temperature gradient.Furthermore,δ56Fe displayed a well-defined,linear,positive correlation with δ34S in pyrite from the DHF as well as in pyrite from other areas.A model of hydrothermal pyrite formation suggests that,under conditions with uniform hydrothermal fluid,different temperatures and similar pyrite-fluid exchange degrees could result in the observed linear relationships between δ34S and δ56Fe.The regular and coupled Fe-S isotope variations within the chimney wall efficiently constrain the process of hydrothermal sulfide formation.展开更多
Based on structural and mineralogical characteristics of four hydrothermal chimney samples collected by submersible Alvin, growth history and formation environment of hydro-thermal chimney at EPR 9―10°N are esta...Based on structural and mineralogical characteristics of four hydrothermal chimney samples collected by submersible Alvin, growth history and formation environment of hydro-thermal chimney at EPR 9―10°N are established. It is shown that there occur two types of hydrothermal chimney with different deposition environments at EPR 9―10°N according to dif-ferences in their shape, structure and mineral assemblage: type I chimney forms in an environ-ment with high temperature, low pH and strong reducing hydrothermal focus flow and type II chimney forms in a relatively low temperature, high pH and rich Zn hydrothermal environment. Growth of type I chimney begins with the formation of anhydrite. Subsequently deposition of Cu-Fe-Zn sulphide in various directions of chimneys decides the final structure of this type of chimney. According to observation and analysis of mineral assemblages, the formation process of type I chimney could be divided into three stages from early, middle to late. Changes of tem-perature and major chemical reaction type in the process of hydrothermal chimney formation are also deduced. Different from type I chimney, quenching crystalline of pyrite and/or crystalline of sphalerite provide the growth foundation of type II chimney in the early stage of chimney forma-tion.展开更多
Seismic attributes supported by composite logs are the best way that can enable the interpreter to understand seismic data very well and generate a new view of the output results.Detection of the reservoir zone can be...Seismic attributes supported by composite logs are the best way that can enable the interpreter to understand seismic data very well and generate a new view of the output results.Detection of the reservoir zone can be enhanced by analyzing wells log data based on Gamma-ray,Resistivity,and Vp sonic logs respectively.Composite logs of Scarab-1,Scarab-De,Scarab-Da,Scarab-Dd,and Scarab-2 wells indicate the lateral and vertical variation of the gas reservoir in ElWastani Formation.However,there are several seismic attributes that can be used to support reservoirs identification.For enhancement the detection of the hydrocarbon reservoirs,it is important to carefully analyze the 2D seismic data,which in this study will be primarily prepared to enhance seismic attributes results for the identification of gas chimneys,gas zones as channels,enhance stratigraphic and structural interpretations.In this article,we have performed data conditioning,quality control and seismic well ties including the preliminary wavelet extractions to get accurate output.Then,we have extracted of several classes of physical,geometrical and complex attributes as a direct hydrocarbon indicator to identify the gas zones,channels and chimneys and to identify the faults and discontinuities.The main contribution of this work is to provide a more detailed seismic reflection image supported by several seismic attributes classes and well logs to show a visual and quantitative evidence to identify the gas channels and gas chimneys with improving the detection of the faults and discontinuities.展开更多
The present paper deals with the numerical analysis of tall reinforced concrete chimneys with piled raft foundation subjected to along-wind loads considering the flexibility of soil. The analysis was carded out using ...The present paper deals with the numerical analysis of tall reinforced concrete chimneys with piled raft foundation subjected to along-wind loads considering the flexibility of soil. The analysis was carded out using finite element method on the basis of direct method of soil-structure interaction （SSI）. The linear elastic material behavior was assumed for chimney, piled raft and soil. Four different material properties of soil stratum were selected in order to study the effect of SSI. The chimney elevation and the thickness of raft of piled raft foundation were also varied for the parametric study. The chimneys were assumed to be located in terrain category 2 and subjected to a maximum wind speed of 50 m/s as per IS：875 （Part 3）-1987. The along-wind loads were computed according to IS：4998 （Part 1）-1992. The base moments of chimney evaluated from the S SI analysis were compared with those obtained as per IS：4998 （Part 1）-1992. The tangential and radial bending moments of raft of piled raft foundation were evaluated through SSI analysis and compared with those obtained from conventional analysis as per IS：I 1089-1984, assuming rigidity at the base of the raft foundation. The settlements of raft of piled raft foundation, deflection of pile and moments of the pile due to interaction with different soil stratum were also evaluated. From the analysis, considerable reduction in the base moment of chimney due to the effect of SSI is observed. Higher radial moments and lower tangential moments were obtained for lower elevation chimneys with piled raft resting on loose sand when compared with conventional analysis results. The effect of SSI in the response of the pile is more significant when the structure-foundation system interacts with loose sand.展开更多
Many locations with concentrated hydrates at vents have confirmed the presence of abundant thermogenic gas in the middle of the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB).However,the impact of deep structures on gasbearing fluids migra...Many locations with concentrated hydrates at vents have confirmed the presence of abundant thermogenic gas in the middle of the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB).However,the impact of deep structures on gasbearing fluids migration and gas hydrates distribution in tectonically inactive regions is still unclear.In this study,the authors apply high-resolution 3D seismic and logging while drilling(LWD)data from the middle of the QDNB to investigate the influence of deep-large faults on gas chimneys and preferred gasescape pipes.The findings reveal the following:(1)Two significant deep-large faults,F1 and F2,developed on the edge of the Songnan Low Uplift,control the dominant migration of thermogenic hydrocarbons and determine the initial locations of gas chimneys.(2)The formation of gas chimneys is likely related to fault activation and reactivation.Gas chimney 1 is primarily arises from convergent fluid migration resulting from the intersection of the two faults,while the gas chimney 2 benefits from a steeper fault plane and shorter migration distance of fault F2.(3)Most gas-escape pipes are situated near the apex of the two faults.Their reactivations facilitate free gas flow into the GHSZ and contribute to the formation of fracture‐filling hydrates.展开更多
Ventilation is one of the factors contributing to energy consumption in buildings and food preservation. The solar chimney proves to be an alternative for reducing conventional energy consumption. Thus, in this study,...Ventilation is one of the factors contributing to energy consumption in buildings and food preservation. The solar chimney proves to be an alternative for reducing conventional energy consumption. Thus, in this study, the performance of a solar chimney with two active faces for thermally drawing air from a chamber for preserving agri-food products was evaluated. These performances were experimentally assessed through data measurements: temperatures and velocities within the chimney, and their analysis using Excel and MATLAB. The obtained results were compared with those from literature to verify their validity. From this study, it is found that the maximum temperature at the chimney outlet reaches 49.4˚C with an average value of 43.7˚C. Additionally, the heating evolution of the chimney air presents four (04) identical phases in pairs, reflecting the chimney’s operation throughout day. The temperature difference between the outlet and inlet of the chimney reaches a maximum of 17˚C with an average of 12.6˚C. Regarding airflow, the maximum air velocity at the chimney outlet is 0.8 m/s, and the average velocities have consistently been greater than or equal to 0.46 m/s. Thus, it can be concluded that the solar chimney is capable of providing ventilation for the preservation chamber through thermal draft.展开更多
Structures of slender shape, like guyed masts, chimneys or TV towers, are exposed to the excitation of dynamic movements. The most common cause of vibration is the wind that reduces generation of vortices. Another imp...Structures of slender shape, like guyed masts, chimneys or TV towers, are exposed to the excitation of dynamic movements. The most common cause of vibration is the wind that reduces generation of vortices. Another important reason is a sudden strike from seismic or para-seismic forces. Structure exposed to wind impact is subjected to harmonically various force, perpendicular to the air stream, which is an effect of vortices, shedding on alternate sides of slructure. Because of the possibility of vibration the damping of a structure has to be designed. Measuring of decay in the oscillation allows to find the logarithmic decrement of the real structure and compare it with the designed value. Apart from damping, the proper designing of tall slender structures has to preserve the significant difference between vortex shedding frequencies and the natural frequencies of the structure shape modes. In the case of guyed masts it is important to analyse the response of a real structure to the exceptional dynamic load, such as a sudden break of guy or fall off a load from a structure, e.g., icing or antennas. The dynamic analysis of a real slructure requires the accurate values describing the dynamic behavior of tall structures （e.g., amplitudes）. The accuracy of 0.1 mm is provided by ground-based interferometric radar. This device is a part of the IBIS-S （image by interferometric survey） system, which calculates the displacement values on the basis of the difference between phases of waves received in consecutive samples. Typically, the measurements of tall structures are performed with several sensors （strain gauges, accelerometers）. Instead, the IBIS-S system allows the quasi-continuous （not limited to points） observation of the entire structure without installation of any sensors or reflectors. The real resolution （along the structure）, which means the minimum distance between two observed points, amounts up to about 0.7 m,展开更多
The solar chimney can generate airflow through the living space of the building to provide cooling. Hence, solar energy represents the best renewable, environmentally friendly source of energy that can be used for hea...The solar chimney can generate airflow through the living space of the building to provide cooling. Hence, solar energy represents the best renewable, environmentally friendly source of energy that can be used for heating and cooling of houses. The present paper reports the numerical study of the performance of the mixed convection in the associated hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal chimneys integrated into building for natural habitat ventilation. The front side glass plate of the chimneys is heated by a non-uniform daily solar radiation flux. Air is considered to be the cooling fluid. The stream fucntion-vorticity formulation with a finite difference numerical discretization solution scheme has been adopted. The system of algebraic governing equations is solved by Thomas algorithm method. The aim of the present paper is to study and to predict the dynamic fields and particularly of the mass flow rate of the air thermosiphon drawing in the associated hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal chimneys integrated into a building for passive cooling in the habitats. The effects of the governing parameters, namely Reynolds number (30 ≤ Re ≤ 200), Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra≤ 105), the integrated chimney width on the fluid flow and the heat transfer characteristics, are studied in detail. The local Nusselt number, streamlines, isotherms, PV cells electrical efficiency and the outlet velocity at the top of the channels are the results represented versus the above controlling parameters.展开更多
目的:总结Chimney支架技术联合All in One技术在经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)中应用的初步经验。方法:收集2021年7月至2022年7月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心脏瓣膜病介入中心在TAVR术中联合应用Chimney支架技术和All in One技术的10...目的:总结Chimney支架技术联合All in One技术在经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)中应用的初步经验。方法:收集2021年7月至2022年7月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心脏瓣膜病介入中心在TAVR术中联合应用Chimney支架技术和All in One技术的10例患者进行回顾性分析,总结临床资料、影像学资料、手术操作、住院和出院随访期间主要不良心脑血管事件的发生情况。结果:10例患者中男性4例,女性6例,平均年龄(76.2±3.9)岁,三叶式主动脉瓣7例,二叶式主动脉瓣3例,术前CT评估均有冠状动脉阻塞危险因素,并且术中球囊预扩张提示冠状动脉阻塞。所有患者均使用一枚药物洗脱支架完成Chimney支架技术,冠状动脉支架置入有8例位于左主干,2例位于右冠状动脉,支架平均直径(3.7±0.3)mm,平均长度(20.6±2.4)mm,在住院及平均随访(7.8±3.7)个月期间,无死亡、心肌梗死、脑卒中等主要不良心脑血管事件发生。结论:TAVR术中Chimney支架技术联合All in One技术安全可行。展开更多
The Weiyuan Structure is the largest surface structure in the Sichuan Basin. However, the abundance of the Dengying Formation gas reservoir in the Weiyuan Structure is low. The height of the gas column is 244 m, but t...The Weiyuan Structure is the largest surface structure in the Sichuan Basin. However, the abundance of the Dengying Formation gas reservoir in the Weiyuan Structure is low. The height of the gas column is 244 m, but the integrated abundance is only 26.4%. After nearly 40 years of exploration, the Gaoshi1 Well and Moxi8 Well yielded gas flows that marked an important exploration success after the discovery of the Sinian Dengying Formation gas reservoir in the Weiyuan Structure, Sichuan Basin, Lower-Paleozoic in 1964. Combined with research examples of oil and gas migration and gas chimneys around the world, the authors used comprehensive geological-geophysical-geochemical research methods to provide a reasonable explanation of the low abundance of the gas reservoir in the Weiyuan Structure based on the surface and subsurface data. The latest research results show that(1) currently, the Weiyuan Structure is the apex of the Dengying Formation in the Mid-Sichuan Basin. The Guang'an, Longnüsi, Gaoshiti-Moxi, and Weiyuan structures are a series of traps in the Dengying Formation with gradual uplifting spill and closure points during the regional uplift of the Himalayan period. The natural gas of the Dengying Formation accumulated in different ways over a wide range and long distance in the Sichuan Basin.(2) At approximately 40 Ma, the Weiyuan area started to uplift and form the present structure, and it is the only outcropped area with the Triassic Jialingjiang Formation and Leikoupo Formation in the surface of the Sichuan Basin(except the steep structural belt in East Sichuan). Caused by the uplift and denudation, the core of the Weiyuan Structure has formed an escaping "skylight" for natural gas. The evidence of a gas chimney includes(1) the component percentage of non-hydrocarbon gas, which decreased from the bottom to the top,(2) the pressure coefficient is normal because the gas reservoir from the Upper Sinian to the Lower Permian commonly have a normal pressure coefficient(an average of 1.0), and(3) the isotope geochemistry of the argon mostly represents abiogenic characteristics of a deep source, and the 40 Ar/36 Ar ratio is as high as 2 855–5 222 in the Upper Permian. All of these characteristics provide sufficient evidence for a gas chimney effect. The characteristics of low abundance in the Weiyuan Structure can be a reference example for studying the late reconstruction of deep oil and gas reservoirs in the superimposed basins of western China.展开更多
Based on high-resolution 3D seismic data, we document the polygonal faults within the Miocene Meishan （梅山） Formation and Huangliu （黄流） Formation of the Qiongdongnan （琼东南） basin, northern South China Sea. ...Based on high-resolution 3D seismic data, we document the polygonal faults within the Miocene Meishan （梅山） Formation and Huangliu （黄流） Formation of the Qiongdongnan （琼东南） basin, northern South China Sea. Within the seismic section and time coherent slice, densely distributed extensional faults with small throw and polygonal shape were identified in map view. The orientation of the polygonal faults is almost isotropic, indicating a non-tectonic origin. The deformation is clearly layer-bounded, with horizontal extension of 11.2% to 16%, and 13.2% on average. The distribution of polygonal faults shows a negative correlation with that of gas chimneys. The development of polygonal faults may be triggered by over-pressure pore fluid which is restricted in the fine-grained sediments of bathyal facies when the sediments is compacted by the burden above. The polygonal faults developed to balance the volumetric contraction and restricted extension. The product of hydrocarbon in the Meishan Formation may have contributed to the development of the polygonal faults. In the study area, it was thought that the petroleum system of the Neogene post-rift sequence is disadvantageous because of poor migration pathway. However, the discovery of polygonal faults in the Miocene strata, which may play an important role on the fluid migration, may change this view. A new model of the petroleum system for the study area is proposed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92055211,42249801)the China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation Fund Project(No.12120100500017001)。
文摘Gas chimneys,salt domes,and faults are vital to the movement of hydrocarbons within geological systems.Accurate identification of these geological features is crucial to modeling hydrocarbon resources.This study explores the processes that have shaped the eastern Persian Gulf,focusing on salt diapir characteristics,origin,and fluid migration.Plate collisions between the Indian,Eurasian,and Arabian Plates have considerably impacted salt tectonics,developing key features such as the Hormuz salt,Qatar-South Fars Arch,and Zagros and Oman orogenic structures.Salt-related features were discerned through two-dimensional seismic data and drilling records,salt movement sequences were reconstructed,and fluid expulsion patterns were delineated using attribute preferences.The results of this study revealed that fractured substrates influenced by regional tectonic forces contribute to the creation of salt diapirs,which serve as conduits for guided fluid transport.Moreover,these results showed that gravity-driven downbuilding mainly controls salt flow,while the circular arrangement of salt structures results from regional stress and interactions between different salt sources.Distinct stress-induced basement incisions compounded by the hindrance of initial salt movement by the Qatar Arch further contribute to the complex salt structure geometry.Crucially,the uplift of the Qatar Arch and stresses from the Oman and Zagros orogenies profoundly affect the salt structure geometry and depositional patterns across diverse regions,resulting in circular salt structures and gas chimneys.This study offers valuable perspectives for oil and gas exploration and provides a comprehensive understanding of the regional dynamics governing salt tectonics and hydrocarbon ascent in the eastern Persian Gulf.
文摘Microtextures and struetures of 9 hydrothermal chimneys sampled on the small spreading ridge Of the Mari ana Trough during SONNE Cruise 57 (SO57) and 69 (SO69) in 1988 and 1990 were studied by means of scanning electron microscope. The results reveal that the two types of chimneys from the Mariana Trough. the 'silicic chimneys' containing Fe sulfide and the pure 'silica chimneys' without sulfide, vary distinctly not only in mineral and chemical compositions, but also in microtextures and structures. The silicic chimneys generally show three major types of microtextures.The inside of the chimneys is dominated by holocrystalline or semicrystalline idiomorphic and hypidiomorphic granular textures and the outwall by amorphous colloidal texture. In some of the silicic chimneys relict texture is observed. However,the pure silica chimneys show chiefly amorphous colloidal texture from the inside to the outwall. Microstructurally. theinside of the silicic chimneys is dominated by a 'silica-covering' structure and a 'voidfilling' structure, and the outwall by a chain-like or three-dimentional chain-network structure built up by individual opal globules, whereas the pure silica chimneys are mainly three-dimentional chain-network and the dense silica bands in structure. These variations suggest that not only mineralizing conditions but also processes differ distinctly during the formation of the two types of chimneys, and that hydrothermal mineralization in the Mariana Trough shows a multistage or multieplsodical nature.
文摘Gas emissions are produced by each economic entity individually—whether they are a large industrial enterprise, a boiler-house or a household (dwelling house). At that, in addition to visible chimneys, there are a lot of hidden (unrecorded) sources of emissions in form of ventilation branch pipes. Communal systems for removal and reprocessing of wastes of two types: liquid (municipal sewage lines) and solid (collection and removal of wastes) are operated in populated localities. For the third type of waste—gaseous—a similarly municipal structure does not exist. For the time being there is no possibility for full system control and neutralization of dust and gas wastes because there is no system in the physical form which would enable comprehensive receipt of exit gases from all the city sources for further processing thereof. It is for the first time when a principally new holistic approach to cleaning/treatment of all city dust and gas emissions (wastes) is proposed which consists in creation of a City Communal Aspiration System (Municipal Aspiration System) containing a city communal aspiration network (gas outlets) for receipt/transportation of exhaust (flue) gases and a plant for utilization of such wastes connected to such network. In other words, it is proposed to organize a “City without Chimneys”. The proposed solution permits to remove mass unsystematic and uncontrolled emissions of environmentally harmful gas wastes in cities, reduce climate risks and make the transition to a new level of organization of environmental planning and management and, therefore, eliminates or principally simplifies many ecological difficulties and restrictions in urban planning (inseparably related to ecology) in sanitary rules and standards.
文摘This paper mainly introduces the designand construction of the multi-flue chimneysof Beilungang Power Plant, ShidongkouSecond Power Plant and Waigaoqiao PowerPlant which have been used in East Chinaarea. This paper contains the generalsituation of construction, material selection,lifting scheme of steel inner flue, designfeatures and construction method. It could bereferential to concerned design andconstruction companies.
文摘The determination of the stable isotopes, δD, δ18 and δ30, values from hydrothermal chimneys in the Mariana Trough, the West Pacific, indicated that the pure siliceous chimneys with gentle data variation were formed in low temperature environment. It reflects that the sea-floor hydrothermal activity of the Mariana Trough is primarily low-to-medium temperature hydrothermal eruption, and those chimneys with strong data variation and containing pyrite were formed in higher temperature environment. Key words Mariana Trough - stable isotope - geochemistry - hydrothermal chimney - genetic type Project 49876016 supported by NSFC.
基金Supported by the Pilot Project of Knowledge Innovation Project, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCX2-YW-211and KZCX3-SW- 223)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40830849)the Special Foundation for the Eleventh Five-Year Plan of COMRA (No. DYXM-115-02-1-03).
文摘Hydrothermal fuid containing abundant matter erupts from seafloor, meets ambient cold seawater and forms chimneys. So the main matter origins of chimneys are seawater and matter which are taken by hydrothermal fluid from deep reservoir. However, because of seawater＇s little contribution to the forming of chimneys, it is usually covered by the abundant matter which is taken by hydrothermal fluid. Therefore, chimneys formed in ordinary deep elements, cannot be used to study the seawater＇s seawater hydrothermal activity, containing complex contribution to their formation. While the native sulfur chimneys, formed by hydrothermal activity near the sea area off Kueishantao, are single sulfur composition （over 99%）, and within chimneys distinct layers are seen. Different layers were sampled for trace element determination, with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry （ICP-MS）. By analyzing the data, we consider C-layer （secondary inner-layer） as the framework layer of the chimney which formed early （Fig.4）, and its trace elements derive from hydrothermal fluid. While the trace elements within A, B, D layers have undergone later alteration. A, B layers are affected by seawater and D layer by hydrothermal fluid. The increase of trace elements of A and B layers was calculated using C layer as background. Based on the known typical volume of chimneys of the near sea area off Kueishantao, we calculated the volume of seawater that contributed trace element to chimneys formation to be about 6.37×10^4 L. This simple quantified estimate may help us better understand the seafloor hydrothermal activity and chimneys.
文摘Offshore Nile Delta in Egypt represents an enormous hydrocarbon province with recent projected gas and condensate discoveries of more than 50 trillion cubic feet“TCF”.Most of these occur in the post-salt hydrocarbon plays where biogenic gases are dominant.This study integrates organic geochemistry,seismic geomorphology and petrophysics in order to decipher the origin,and accumulation conditions of the wet gas/condensate blend in the Upper Miocene sub-salt Wakar Formation sandstones in Port Fouad Marine“PFM”Field,offshore Nile Delta.Hydrocarbon pay zones are scattered thin(<10 m)sandstones deposited in as turbiditic channel/levee complex facies.Spatial distribution of vertical gas chimneys(~2 km wide)rooting-down to the Messinian Rosetta salt is associated with the lateral pinching-out of the turbiditic sandstones.Organically-rich(total organic carbon“TOC”>1 w.t.%,hydrogen index“HI”>200 mgHC/gTOC)and mature(Tmax>430℃,vitrinite reflectance“VR”>0.6%R_(o)),source rocks are restricted to Upper Miocene Wakar and Oligo-Miocene Tineh formations.The latter contains more mature organofacies(up to 1.2%R_(o))and type Ⅱ/Ⅲ kerogen,thereby demonstrating a good capability to generate wet gases.The studied gas is wet and has thermogenic origin with signs of secondary microbial alteration,whereas the condensate contains a mixture of marine and terrestrial input.Molecular bio-markers of the condensate,isotopic and molecular composition of the gas reveals a generation of condensate prior to gas expulsion from the source.The Wakar sandstones have a heterogeneous pore system where three reservoir rock types(RRTⅠ,RRTⅡ and RRTⅢ).RRTI rocks present the bulk compo-sition of the Wakar pay zones.Spatial distribution of RRTⅠ facies likely control the accumulation of the sub-salt hydrocarbons.Our results provide a new evidence on an active petroleum system in the sub-salt Paleogene successions in the offshore Nile Delta where concomitant generation of gas/condensate blend has been outlined.
基金supported by the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,China Geological Survey,Guangzhou,China(No.2022C-24-216)financed by the General Project of the Shandong Natural Science Foundation,China(No.ZR2020ME090).
文摘The Shenhu Area in the South China Sea is rich in oil and gas resources and has many vertical gas chimneys,making it an excellent geological environment for hydrate accumulation.This paper examines the geological conditions governing these gas-chimneys.A numerical simulation method based on the partial-equilibrium reaction model of hydrate was applied to simulate the migration of methane gas and the resultant hydrate formation when the gas enters the hydrate stability zone under the seabed through gas-chimneys.The dynamics of this gaschimney hydrate accumulation were analyzed,and the influences of different factors―namely,the fluid supply time,rate,and temperature―on the formation temperature and ultimate distribution of the hydrate reservoir were evaluated.The simulation results indicate that the accumulation of hydrate via gas-chimneys is significantly affected by the temperature of the gas source,the transfer state of the methane gas,and the number of cycles of alternating gas-water invasion.Hydrate accumulation takes shape in an annular or semi-annular distribution pattern divided by fluid state as follows:a two-phase gas-water zone,a three-phase gas-water-hydrate zone,a two-phase water-hydrate zone,and a phase of water passing from the inside to the outside.Formation inclination and reservoir heterogeneity can greatly affect the distribution shape and abundance of the hydrate.A high fluid supply temperature,frequent alternating invasions of gas and water,and long-term pore-water invasion at a high rate can jointly cause a large central hydrate-free zone.In contrast,a long-term supply shutdown during the alternating gas-water invasion process,and a high gas rate with a low water rate in the gas-dominant invasion stage,foster the accumulation of hydrate in great abundance and with considerable thickness.The results of this study can help us understand the accumulation of hydrate through gas chimneys in the Shenhu Area.
基金support from the Shandong Provincial Science and Technology SMEs Innovation Capacity Improvement Project(2023TSGC0087)the Shandong Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.ZR2022ME008)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732102).
文摘In view of the situation of multi-temperature,multi-medium and multi-discharge equipment on the integrated exhaust end platform of a natural gas distributed energy station,which is compact in layout,mutual influence,complex aerodynamic field and complex heat and mass transfer field,the temperature field and aerodynamic field of the platform were comprehensively studied through field experiments and numerical simulation.The research results show that the high temperature flue gas discharged from the chimney is hindered by the chimney cap and returns downward.The noise reduction walls around the chimney make the top of the platform pressurized under the crosswind,as a result,the inlet air temperature of each cooling equipment is generally higher than the ambient temperature,and the cooling efficiency is extremely low.According to the numerical simulation results,the effect of hot gas recirculation is intensified by the ambient crosswind.With the increase of the ambient crosswind,the flue gases coverage expands.The influence of ambient crosswind on inlet air temperature first increases and then decreases within the range of 1–8 m/s,showing a nearly normal distribution.Secondly,this study innovatively designed a new V-shaped chimney cap,compared with the A-shaped chimney cap,the new chimney cap effectively reduces its own obstruction to the smoke and changes the flow path of the smoke.After the smoke rises for a certain distance,the smoke returns downward,which effectively reduces the temperature of the smoke and thus reduces its impact on the air inlet of the cooling equipment.On-site measurement found that the cooling efficiency of various cooling equipment has increased by an average of 27.3%compared to before the renovation,and centrifuge’s refrigeration capacity increased by 0.78 GJ/h.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB42000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41806061)+3 种基金the National Key Research & Development Program of China (2016YFC0600408)the Strategic Priority Research Program (A) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA22050103)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong (ts201712075)the AoShan Talents Cultivation Program supported by Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (2017ASTCPOS07)。
文摘Seafloor hydrothermal chimneys are significant metal resources and have fundamental effects on marine chemistry balance.Previous studies on growth of the chimneys focused on mineral composition and elemental distribution in chimney walls,but the isotopic composition of different elements and their correlations remain poorly understood.Here,we report lateral Fe and S isotopes from sulfides across a chimney wall in detail from the Deyin-1 hydrothermal field(DHF) on the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge.Pyrite was characterized by increases in both δ34S and δ56Fe from the exterior to the interior within the chimney wall,which is likely related to enhanced S and Fe isotope fractionation between pyrite and fluids derived from the temperature gradient.Furthermore,δ56Fe displayed a well-defined,linear,positive correlation with δ34S in pyrite from the DHF as well as in pyrite from other areas.A model of hydrothermal pyrite formation suggests that,under conditions with uniform hydrothermal fluid,different temperatures and similar pyrite-fluid exchange degrees could result in the observed linear relationships between δ34S and δ56Fe.The regular and coupled Fe-S isotope variations within the chimney wall efficiently constrain the process of hydrothermal sulfide formation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40403004 and 40473032)the National Basic Research Project(Grant No.G200007850)+1 种基金the Important Direction Project of Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX3-SW-223)the Doctor Startup Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.04300763).
文摘Based on structural and mineralogical characteristics of four hydrothermal chimney samples collected by submersible Alvin, growth history and formation environment of hydro-thermal chimney at EPR 9―10°N are established. It is shown that there occur two types of hydrothermal chimney with different deposition environments at EPR 9―10°N according to dif-ferences in their shape, structure and mineral assemblage: type I chimney forms in an environ-ment with high temperature, low pH and strong reducing hydrothermal focus flow and type II chimney forms in a relatively low temperature, high pH and rich Zn hydrothermal environment. Growth of type I chimney begins with the formation of anhydrite. Subsequently deposition of Cu-Fe-Zn sulphide in various directions of chimneys decides the final structure of this type of chimney. According to observation and analysis of mineral assemblages, the formation process of type I chimney could be divided into three stages from early, middle to late. Changes of tem-perature and major chemical reaction type in the process of hydrothermal chimney formation are also deduced. Different from type I chimney, quenching crystalline of pyrite and/or crystalline of sphalerite provide the growth foundation of type II chimney in the early stage of chimney forma-tion.
基金supported by a part of the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation(EGPC)project in west offshore Nile Delta,Egypt.
文摘Seismic attributes supported by composite logs are the best way that can enable the interpreter to understand seismic data very well and generate a new view of the output results.Detection of the reservoir zone can be enhanced by analyzing wells log data based on Gamma-ray,Resistivity,and Vp sonic logs respectively.Composite logs of Scarab-1,Scarab-De,Scarab-Da,Scarab-Dd,and Scarab-2 wells indicate the lateral and vertical variation of the gas reservoir in ElWastani Formation.However,there are several seismic attributes that can be used to support reservoirs identification.For enhancement the detection of the hydrocarbon reservoirs,it is important to carefully analyze the 2D seismic data,which in this study will be primarily prepared to enhance seismic attributes results for the identification of gas chimneys,gas zones as channels,enhance stratigraphic and structural interpretations.In this article,we have performed data conditioning,quality control and seismic well ties including the preliminary wavelet extractions to get accurate output.Then,we have extracted of several classes of physical,geometrical and complex attributes as a direct hydrocarbon indicator to identify the gas zones,channels and chimneys and to identify the faults and discontinuities.The main contribution of this work is to provide a more detailed seismic reflection image supported by several seismic attributes classes and well logs to show a visual and quantitative evidence to identify the gas channels and gas chimneys with improving the detection of the faults and discontinuities.
文摘The present paper deals with the numerical analysis of tall reinforced concrete chimneys with piled raft foundation subjected to along-wind loads considering the flexibility of soil. The analysis was carded out using finite element method on the basis of direct method of soil-structure interaction （SSI）. The linear elastic material behavior was assumed for chimney, piled raft and soil. Four different material properties of soil stratum were selected in order to study the effect of SSI. The chimney elevation and the thickness of raft of piled raft foundation were also varied for the parametric study. The chimneys were assumed to be located in terrain category 2 and subjected to a maximum wind speed of 50 m/s as per IS：875 （Part 3）-1987. The along-wind loads were computed according to IS：4998 （Part 1）-1992. The base moments of chimney evaluated from the S SI analysis were compared with those obtained as per IS：4998 （Part 1）-1992. The tangential and radial bending moments of raft of piled raft foundation were evaluated through SSI analysis and compared with those obtained from conventional analysis as per IS：I 1089-1984, assuming rigidity at the base of the raft foundation. The settlements of raft of piled raft foundation, deflection of pile and moments of the pile due to interaction with different soil stratum were also evaluated. From the analysis, considerable reduction in the base moment of chimney due to the effect of SSI is observed. Higher radial moments and lower tangential moments were obtained for lower elevation chimneys with piled raft resting on loose sand when compared with conventional analysis results. The effect of SSI in the response of the pile is more significant when the structure-foundation system interacts with loose sand.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42376221,42276083)Director Research Fund Project of Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey(2023GMGSJZJJ00030)+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2800901)Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2020B030103003)the project of the China Geological Survey(DD20230064).
文摘Many locations with concentrated hydrates at vents have confirmed the presence of abundant thermogenic gas in the middle of the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB).However,the impact of deep structures on gasbearing fluids migration and gas hydrates distribution in tectonically inactive regions is still unclear.In this study,the authors apply high-resolution 3D seismic and logging while drilling(LWD)data from the middle of the QDNB to investigate the influence of deep-large faults on gas chimneys and preferred gasescape pipes.The findings reveal the following:(1)Two significant deep-large faults,F1 and F2,developed on the edge of the Songnan Low Uplift,control the dominant migration of thermogenic hydrocarbons and determine the initial locations of gas chimneys.(2)The formation of gas chimneys is likely related to fault activation and reactivation.Gas chimney 1 is primarily arises from convergent fluid migration resulting from the intersection of the two faults,while the gas chimney 2 benefits from a steeper fault plane and shorter migration distance of fault F2.(3)Most gas-escape pipes are situated near the apex of the two faults.Their reactivations facilitate free gas flow into the GHSZ and contribute to the formation of fracture‐filling hydrates.
文摘Ventilation is one of the factors contributing to energy consumption in buildings and food preservation. The solar chimney proves to be an alternative for reducing conventional energy consumption. Thus, in this study, the performance of a solar chimney with two active faces for thermally drawing air from a chamber for preserving agri-food products was evaluated. These performances were experimentally assessed through data measurements: temperatures and velocities within the chimney, and their analysis using Excel and MATLAB. The obtained results were compared with those from literature to verify their validity. From this study, it is found that the maximum temperature at the chimney outlet reaches 49.4˚C with an average value of 43.7˚C. Additionally, the heating evolution of the chimney air presents four (04) identical phases in pairs, reflecting the chimney’s operation throughout day. The temperature difference between the outlet and inlet of the chimney reaches a maximum of 17˚C with an average of 12.6˚C. Regarding airflow, the maximum air velocity at the chimney outlet is 0.8 m/s, and the average velocities have consistently been greater than or equal to 0.46 m/s. Thus, it can be concluded that the solar chimney is capable of providing ventilation for the preservation chamber through thermal draft.
文摘Structures of slender shape, like guyed masts, chimneys or TV towers, are exposed to the excitation of dynamic movements. The most common cause of vibration is the wind that reduces generation of vortices. Another important reason is a sudden strike from seismic or para-seismic forces. Structure exposed to wind impact is subjected to harmonically various force, perpendicular to the air stream, which is an effect of vortices, shedding on alternate sides of slructure. Because of the possibility of vibration the damping of a structure has to be designed. Measuring of decay in the oscillation allows to find the logarithmic decrement of the real structure and compare it with the designed value. Apart from damping, the proper designing of tall slender structures has to preserve the significant difference between vortex shedding frequencies and the natural frequencies of the structure shape modes. In the case of guyed masts it is important to analyse the response of a real structure to the exceptional dynamic load, such as a sudden break of guy or fall off a load from a structure, e.g., icing or antennas. The dynamic analysis of a real slructure requires the accurate values describing the dynamic behavior of tall structures （e.g., amplitudes）. The accuracy of 0.1 mm is provided by ground-based interferometric radar. This device is a part of the IBIS-S （image by interferometric survey） system, which calculates the displacement values on the basis of the difference between phases of waves received in consecutive samples. Typically, the measurements of tall structures are performed with several sensors （strain gauges, accelerometers）. Instead, the IBIS-S system allows the quasi-continuous （not limited to points） observation of the entire structure without installation of any sensors or reflectors. The real resolution （along the structure）, which means the minimum distance between two observed points, amounts up to about 0.7 m,
文摘The solar chimney can generate airflow through the living space of the building to provide cooling. Hence, solar energy represents the best renewable, environmentally friendly source of energy that can be used for heating and cooling of houses. The present paper reports the numerical study of the performance of the mixed convection in the associated hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal chimneys integrated into building for natural habitat ventilation. The front side glass plate of the chimneys is heated by a non-uniform daily solar radiation flux. Air is considered to be the cooling fluid. The stream fucntion-vorticity formulation with a finite difference numerical discretization solution scheme has been adopted. The system of algebraic governing equations is solved by Thomas algorithm method. The aim of the present paper is to study and to predict the dynamic fields and particularly of the mass flow rate of the air thermosiphon drawing in the associated hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal chimneys integrated into a building for passive cooling in the habitats. The effects of the governing parameters, namely Reynolds number (30 ≤ Re ≤ 200), Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra≤ 105), the integrated chimney width on the fluid flow and the heat transfer characteristics, are studied in detail. The local Nusselt number, streamlines, isotherms, PV cells electrical efficiency and the outlet velocity at the top of the channels are the results represented versus the above controlling parameters.
文摘目的:总结Chimney支架技术联合All in One技术在经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)中应用的初步经验。方法:收集2021年7月至2022年7月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心脏瓣膜病介入中心在TAVR术中联合应用Chimney支架技术和All in One技术的10例患者进行回顾性分析,总结临床资料、影像学资料、手术操作、住院和出院随访期间主要不良心脑血管事件的发生情况。结果:10例患者中男性4例,女性6例,平均年龄(76.2±3.9)岁,三叶式主动脉瓣7例,二叶式主动脉瓣3例,术前CT评估均有冠状动脉阻塞危险因素,并且术中球囊预扩张提示冠状动脉阻塞。所有患者均使用一枚药物洗脱支架完成Chimney支架技术,冠状动脉支架置入有8例位于左主干,2例位于右冠状动脉,支架平均直径(3.7±0.3)mm,平均长度(20.6±2.4)mm,在住院及平均随访(7.8±3.7)个月期间,无死亡、心肌梗死、脑卒中等主要不良心脑血管事件发生。结论:TAVR术中Chimney支架技术联合All in One技术安全可行。
基金financially supported by the Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technologythe 973 Program of China (No. 2012CB214805)+1 种基金the SINOPEC research project (No. P16109)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (No. 2017ZX05005003-007)
文摘The Weiyuan Structure is the largest surface structure in the Sichuan Basin. However, the abundance of the Dengying Formation gas reservoir in the Weiyuan Structure is low. The height of the gas column is 244 m, but the integrated abundance is only 26.4%. After nearly 40 years of exploration, the Gaoshi1 Well and Moxi8 Well yielded gas flows that marked an important exploration success after the discovery of the Sinian Dengying Formation gas reservoir in the Weiyuan Structure, Sichuan Basin, Lower-Paleozoic in 1964. Combined with research examples of oil and gas migration and gas chimneys around the world, the authors used comprehensive geological-geophysical-geochemical research methods to provide a reasonable explanation of the low abundance of the gas reservoir in the Weiyuan Structure based on the surface and subsurface data. The latest research results show that(1) currently, the Weiyuan Structure is the apex of the Dengying Formation in the Mid-Sichuan Basin. The Guang'an, Longnüsi, Gaoshiti-Moxi, and Weiyuan structures are a series of traps in the Dengying Formation with gradual uplifting spill and closure points during the regional uplift of the Himalayan period. The natural gas of the Dengying Formation accumulated in different ways over a wide range and long distance in the Sichuan Basin.(2) At approximately 40 Ma, the Weiyuan area started to uplift and form the present structure, and it is the only outcropped area with the Triassic Jialingjiang Formation and Leikoupo Formation in the surface of the Sichuan Basin(except the steep structural belt in East Sichuan). Caused by the uplift and denudation, the core of the Weiyuan Structure has formed an escaping "skylight" for natural gas. The evidence of a gas chimney includes(1) the component percentage of non-hydrocarbon gas, which decreased from the bottom to the top,(2) the pressure coefficient is normal because the gas reservoir from the Upper Sinian to the Lower Permian commonly have a normal pressure coefficient(an average of 1.0), and(3) the isotope geochemistry of the argon mostly represents abiogenic characteristics of a deep source, and the 40 Ar/36 Ar ratio is as high as 2 855–5 222 in the Upper Permian. All of these characteristics provide sufficient evidence for a gas chimney effect. The characteristics of low abundance in the Weiyuan Structure can be a reference example for studying the late reconstruction of deep oil and gas reservoirs in the superimposed basins of western China.
基金supported by the Formation Mechanism and Study on Geophysical Recognition Technology of Shallow Water Flow (No. 2006AA09Z349)the CAS Knowledge Inno-vation Program (No. KZCX2-YW-203), the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2007CB411703)+1 种基金the MLR National Petroleum Resource Strategic Target Survey and Evaluation Programthe Taishan Scholarship Program of Shandong Province.
文摘Based on high-resolution 3D seismic data, we document the polygonal faults within the Miocene Meishan （梅山） Formation and Huangliu （黄流） Formation of the Qiongdongnan （琼东南） basin, northern South China Sea. Within the seismic section and time coherent slice, densely distributed extensional faults with small throw and polygonal shape were identified in map view. The orientation of the polygonal faults is almost isotropic, indicating a non-tectonic origin. The deformation is clearly layer-bounded, with horizontal extension of 11.2% to 16%, and 13.2% on average. The distribution of polygonal faults shows a negative correlation with that of gas chimneys. The development of polygonal faults may be triggered by over-pressure pore fluid which is restricted in the fine-grained sediments of bathyal facies when the sediments is compacted by the burden above. The polygonal faults developed to balance the volumetric contraction and restricted extension. The product of hydrocarbon in the Meishan Formation may have contributed to the development of the polygonal faults. In the study area, it was thought that the petroleum system of the Neogene post-rift sequence is disadvantageous because of poor migration pathway. However, the discovery of polygonal faults in the Miocene strata, which may play an important role on the fluid migration, may change this view. A new model of the petroleum system for the study area is proposed.
