There is an increased need for highly palatable oral dosage forms for dogs and cats, especially in the case of regular or chronic medications. To meet this need of easy application, the original Drontal®Plus t...There is an increased need for highly palatable oral dosage forms for dogs and cats, especially in the case of regular or chronic medications. To meet this need of easy application, the original Drontal®Plus tablet, a broad-spectrum anthelminthic, was optimized using a novel formula. A field study was conducted to evaluate the palatability of this new Drontal®Plus formula in comparison to a positive control product (Milbemax®Chewable Tablets) with a well-known high palatability. The study also aimed to get a palatability claim which necessitates the conduct of appropriate studies. 150 privately owned dogs of 38 pure or mixed breeds, six months to twelve years old, and with a weight range of 5 to 50 kg were included. The study was based on a cross-over design, and a standardized acceptance test was used to evaluate and compare the palatability of the two medications. In this study 88% of dogs voluntarily consumed Drontal®Plus Treat 10 kg, and 86.7% accepted Milbemax®Chewable Tablets. In the majority of cases (IVP: 98%, CP: 95%) the tablets were taken directly from the owner’s hand. The new Drontal®Plus tablet showed a high palatability compared to the Milbemax®Chewable Tablets when used in a household study design with privately owned dogs.展开更多
Chewable gels represent an excellent alternative to oral dosage forms,such as tablets and capsules,owing to their appealing appearance,easy swallowing,and attractive colors.Given the inherent instability of vitamin C,...Chewable gels represent an excellent alternative to oral dosage forms,such as tablets and capsules,owing to their appealing appearance,easy swallowing,and attractive colors.Given the inherent instability of vitamin C,particularly within chewable gels,it is imperative to enhance its stability and mitigate its degradation during processing and storage.Oleogel,systems prepared through an environmentally friendly and pollution-free method,exhibit a three-dimensional network structure that eliminates oxygen,alleviates oxidation,and enhances vitamin C stability.This study focused on optimizing vitamin C-fortified oleogel-based chewable gels using Plackett-Burman and D-Optimal design methodologies to maximize vitamin C stability while maintaining favorable mechanical properties.The optimal formulation,Opt-C,was achieved by crystallizing the gel at-18℃,incorporating 2.5 g of distilled monoglyceride(DMG),and maintaining an oleogel-to-chewable gel ratio of 10%.Opt-C was comprehensively characterized using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),and its stability was rigorously assessed.Furthermore,a nondestructive assay method for vitamin C determination in chewable gels was developed employing near-infrared spectroscopy(NIR)and chemometric techniques.Storage studies demonstrated that Opt-C retained 85%of its vitamin C content during accelerated tests over ten weeks,surpassing the 69%retention observed in the control chewable gel.Opt-C exhibited a slower release of vitamin C in simulated digestive fluids;however,this release profile did not adversely impact the overall availability of vitamin C.Ultimately,the developed multivariate model successfully predicts vitamin C concentration:root mean square error of calibration(RMSEC):0.284,R_(cal)^(2):0.9906;RMSE cross-validation(RMSECV):0.501,R_(val)^(2):0.9722;RMSE prediction(RMSEP):0.670,R_(pred)^(2):0.9154.This innovative approach enhances the stability of water-soluble vitamins in chewable gels.展开更多
Fleas and ticks are major ectoparasites of dogs globally. Their control is based on regular treatments with ectoparasiticides, which represent the most im<span>portant part of veterinary drugs </span><s...Fleas and ticks are major ectoparasites of dogs globally. Their control is based on regular treatments with ectoparasiticides, which represent the most im<span>portant part of veterinary drugs </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">worth</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> around 3 billion Euros per year. In </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">many <span>parts of the world, dogs are also at risk of infection by endoparasites like</span> <span>heartworm, eyeworm, and lungworm. In these areas, endectoparasiticide</span> formulations are used to prevent the risk of ecto- and endoparasite infections. <span>Since 2014, oral formulations of insecticidal-acaricidal drugs have been</span> launched, followed by endectoparasiticide formulation</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">. These oral formulations facilitate the treatment by the owners and are now </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">market leader</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">. Intense work has been done during their development to enhance their palatability through their consistence (hard to soft) and their flavors. Palatable oral formulations facilitate the dog-owner relationship and help ensur</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">ing</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> compli<span>ance. The most </span><span>recent palatable formulations include isoxazoline as the ecto</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "="">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">parasiticide mole</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">cule. They also include anthelmintics (milbemycin oxime or moxidectin +</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> pyrantel) to provide control of parasitic nematodes. Being very similar in term</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> of spectrum of ac<span>tivity, any differences in palatability may be a key differentiating factor for the</span> owners. The present study was <span>conducted to verify if dogs </span><span>exhibited a preference between two endectoparasiticide oral formulations,</span> Nex<span>Gard Spectra</span></span><sup><span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""> (afoxolaner and milbemycin oxime) and</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> Credelio</span><sup><span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""> Plus (lotilaner and milbemycin oxime). For four consecutive days, 100 dogs were offered the <span>choice between both products and consumption was recorded. If one prod</span>uct was more consumed than the other, it was defined as the preferred <span>product. </span></span><span style="font-family:;" "="">A </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">total of 375 chewable tablets were consumed over the four days, with a significantly higher consumption (p <</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> 0</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">.0001) for NexGard Spectra</span><sup><span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""> (272 <span>chews, 72.5%) compared to Credelio</span></span><sup><span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""> Plus (103 chews, 27.5%). Seventy-six dogs showed a preference for a product amongst whom 68 preferred NexGard </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">Spectra</span><sup><span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""> (89.5%) and 8 preferred Credelio</span><sup><span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""> Plus</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> (10.5%), resulting in a preference ratio of 8.5 to 1 for NexGard </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">Spectra</span><sup><span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""> (</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">p <</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> 0</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">.0001)</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">.</span>展开更多
文摘There is an increased need for highly palatable oral dosage forms for dogs and cats, especially in the case of regular or chronic medications. To meet this need of easy application, the original Drontal®Plus tablet, a broad-spectrum anthelminthic, was optimized using a novel formula. A field study was conducted to evaluate the palatability of this new Drontal®Plus formula in comparison to a positive control product (Milbemax®Chewable Tablets) with a well-known high palatability. The study also aimed to get a palatability claim which necessitates the conduct of appropriate studies. 150 privately owned dogs of 38 pure or mixed breeds, six months to twelve years old, and with a weight range of 5 to 50 kg were included. The study was based on a cross-over design, and a standardized acceptance test was used to evaluate and compare the palatability of the two medications. In this study 88% of dogs voluntarily consumed Drontal®Plus Treat 10 kg, and 86.7% accepted Milbemax®Chewable Tablets. In the majority of cases (IVP: 98%, CP: 95%) the tablets were taken directly from the owner’s hand. The new Drontal®Plus tablet showed a high palatability compared to the Milbemax®Chewable Tablets when used in a household study design with privately owned dogs.
基金supported by the Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center(grant number 1400-3-263-55934)the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences(TIPS),Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran.
文摘Chewable gels represent an excellent alternative to oral dosage forms,such as tablets and capsules,owing to their appealing appearance,easy swallowing,and attractive colors.Given the inherent instability of vitamin C,particularly within chewable gels,it is imperative to enhance its stability and mitigate its degradation during processing and storage.Oleogel,systems prepared through an environmentally friendly and pollution-free method,exhibit a three-dimensional network structure that eliminates oxygen,alleviates oxidation,and enhances vitamin C stability.This study focused on optimizing vitamin C-fortified oleogel-based chewable gels using Plackett-Burman and D-Optimal design methodologies to maximize vitamin C stability while maintaining favorable mechanical properties.The optimal formulation,Opt-C,was achieved by crystallizing the gel at-18℃,incorporating 2.5 g of distilled monoglyceride(DMG),and maintaining an oleogel-to-chewable gel ratio of 10%.Opt-C was comprehensively characterized using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),and its stability was rigorously assessed.Furthermore,a nondestructive assay method for vitamin C determination in chewable gels was developed employing near-infrared spectroscopy(NIR)and chemometric techniques.Storage studies demonstrated that Opt-C retained 85%of its vitamin C content during accelerated tests over ten weeks,surpassing the 69%retention observed in the control chewable gel.Opt-C exhibited a slower release of vitamin C in simulated digestive fluids;however,this release profile did not adversely impact the overall availability of vitamin C.Ultimately,the developed multivariate model successfully predicts vitamin C concentration:root mean square error of calibration(RMSEC):0.284,R_(cal)^(2):0.9906;RMSE cross-validation(RMSECV):0.501,R_(val)^(2):0.9722;RMSE prediction(RMSEP):0.670,R_(pred)^(2):0.9154.This innovative approach enhances the stability of water-soluble vitamins in chewable gels.
文摘Fleas and ticks are major ectoparasites of dogs globally. Their control is based on regular treatments with ectoparasiticides, which represent the most im<span>portant part of veterinary drugs </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">worth</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> around 3 billion Euros per year. In </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">many <span>parts of the world, dogs are also at risk of infection by endoparasites like</span> <span>heartworm, eyeworm, and lungworm. In these areas, endectoparasiticide</span> formulations are used to prevent the risk of ecto- and endoparasite infections. <span>Since 2014, oral formulations of insecticidal-acaricidal drugs have been</span> launched, followed by endectoparasiticide formulation</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">. These oral formulations facilitate the treatment by the owners and are now </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">market leader</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">. Intense work has been done during their development to enhance their palatability through their consistence (hard to soft) and their flavors. Palatable oral formulations facilitate the dog-owner relationship and help ensur</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">ing</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> compli<span>ance. The most </span><span>recent palatable formulations include isoxazoline as the ecto</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "="">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">parasiticide mole</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">cule. They also include anthelmintics (milbemycin oxime or moxidectin +</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> pyrantel) to provide control of parasitic nematodes. Being very similar in term</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> of spectrum of ac<span>tivity, any differences in palatability may be a key differentiating factor for the</span> owners. The present study was <span>conducted to verify if dogs </span><span>exhibited a preference between two endectoparasiticide oral formulations,</span> Nex<span>Gard Spectra</span></span><sup><span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""> (afoxolaner and milbemycin oxime) and</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> Credelio</span><sup><span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""> Plus (lotilaner and milbemycin oxime). For four consecutive days, 100 dogs were offered the <span>choice between both products and consumption was recorded. If one prod</span>uct was more consumed than the other, it was defined as the preferred <span>product. </span></span><span style="font-family:;" "="">A </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">total of 375 chewable tablets were consumed over the four days, with a significantly higher consumption (p <</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> 0</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">.0001) for NexGard Spectra</span><sup><span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""> (272 <span>chews, 72.5%) compared to Credelio</span></span><sup><span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""> Plus (103 chews, 27.5%). Seventy-six dogs showed a preference for a product amongst whom 68 preferred NexGard </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">Spectra</span><sup><span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""> (89.5%) and 8 preferred Credelio</span><sup><span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""> Plus</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> (10.5%), resulting in a preference ratio of 8.5 to 1 for NexGard </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">Spectra</span><sup><span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""> (</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">p <</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> 0</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">.0001)</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">.</span>
