Combining with the diatom-based conductivity transfer function from Qing-hai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau lakes, the lake salinity for the past 300 years was quantitatively reconstructed based on the analysis of diatom as...Combining with the diatom-based conductivity transfer function from Qing-hai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau lakes, the lake salinity for the past 300 years was quantitatively reconstructed based on the analysis of diatom assemblages from a sediment core in Chencuo Lake, southern Tibet. The distinct negative relationship between inferred conductivity and recorded lakelevels in recent years suggests that the lake salinity can reflect the fluctuations of effective moisture of climate in lake area. The salinity inferred from diatoms reveals several major hydrological episodes. An obvious desalination of lake water occurred during the last cold interval of the Little Ice Age (about 1845–1885 AD), indicating a cold and moist climate. The lake salinity presented a rapid increase trend since the middle 1960s, with a peak value and high amplitude of salinity variability in the whole past 300 years. The low effective moisture inferred from the lake salinity may have contributed to the enhanced evaporation by the continuous increase of temperature in recent years. Keywords diatoms - conductivity or salinity - quantitative reconstruction - Chencuo Lake展开更多
Objective: To observe the effect of Quyu Chencuo Formula(去菀陈莝方, QCF) on renal fibrosis in rats with obstructive nephropathy. Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into three groups, 4 for sham operation...Objective: To observe the effect of Quyu Chencuo Formula(去菀陈莝方, QCF) on renal fibrosis in rats with obstructive nephropathy. Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into three groups, 4 for sham operation as the control group, 10 for unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) model group, and the rest 10 for QCF treating UUO model group. All rats were sacrificed under 3% pentobarbital(50 mg/kg) anesthesia on the 14 th day after surgery, then the right kidney samples of rats were harvested for hematoxylin eosin(HE) staining and Masson staining to observe the renal pathological changes. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to examine the expression of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1), and real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was employed to examine the expressions of TGF-β1, α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and E-cadherin mRNA. Results: HE and Masson staining showed that the renal interstitial of the rats in the control group had no significant fibrotic lesion; in the model group, there were obvious interstitial fibrosis; for the QCF group, there were epithelial cell necrosis, infiltration of lymphocytes and mononuclear cells, aggravated interstitial fibrosis in varied degrees, but the pathological changes were less in the QCF group than in the model group. The immunohistochemistry and Western blotting results showed that the TGF-β1 expression was increased significantly in the model group, while decreased significantly in the QCF group(P<0.05); RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 increased significantly in the model group, while both were significantly decreased in the QCF group compared with the model group(P<0.05). The mRNA expression of E-cadherin was decreased significantly in the model group, and it was significantly increased in the QCF group as compared with the model group(P<0.05). Conclusion: QCF may improve renal fibrosis by regulating the expressions of TGF-β1, α-SMA and E-cadherin, and prevent the progress of kidney fibrosis.展开更多
文摘Combining with the diatom-based conductivity transfer function from Qing-hai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau lakes, the lake salinity for the past 300 years was quantitatively reconstructed based on the analysis of diatom assemblages from a sediment core in Chencuo Lake, southern Tibet. The distinct negative relationship between inferred conductivity and recorded lakelevels in recent years suggests that the lake salinity can reflect the fluctuations of effective moisture of climate in lake area. The salinity inferred from diatoms reveals several major hydrological episodes. An obvious desalination of lake water occurred during the last cold interval of the Little Ice Age (about 1845–1885 AD), indicating a cold and moist climate. The lake salinity presented a rapid increase trend since the middle 1960s, with a peak value and high amplitude of salinity variability in the whole past 300 years. The low effective moisture inferred from the lake salinity may have contributed to the enhanced evaporation by the continuous increase of temperature in recent years. Keywords diatoms - conductivity or salinity - quantitative reconstruction - Chencuo Lake
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30973834 and No.81102692)
文摘Objective: To observe the effect of Quyu Chencuo Formula(去菀陈莝方, QCF) on renal fibrosis in rats with obstructive nephropathy. Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into three groups, 4 for sham operation as the control group, 10 for unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) model group, and the rest 10 for QCF treating UUO model group. All rats were sacrificed under 3% pentobarbital(50 mg/kg) anesthesia on the 14 th day after surgery, then the right kidney samples of rats were harvested for hematoxylin eosin(HE) staining and Masson staining to observe the renal pathological changes. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to examine the expression of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1), and real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was employed to examine the expressions of TGF-β1, α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and E-cadherin mRNA. Results: HE and Masson staining showed that the renal interstitial of the rats in the control group had no significant fibrotic lesion; in the model group, there were obvious interstitial fibrosis; for the QCF group, there were epithelial cell necrosis, infiltration of lymphocytes and mononuclear cells, aggravated interstitial fibrosis in varied degrees, but the pathological changes were less in the QCF group than in the model group. The immunohistochemistry and Western blotting results showed that the TGF-β1 expression was increased significantly in the model group, while decreased significantly in the QCF group(P<0.05); RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 increased significantly in the model group, while both were significantly decreased in the QCF group compared with the model group(P<0.05). The mRNA expression of E-cadherin was decreased significantly in the model group, and it was significantly increased in the QCF group as compared with the model group(P<0.05). Conclusion: QCF may improve renal fibrosis by regulating the expressions of TGF-β1, α-SMA and E-cadherin, and prevent the progress of kidney fibrosis.
