Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy is a powerful and broadly used spectroscopic technique for characterizing molecular structures and dynamics.Yet the power of NMR is restricted by its inherently low sensitiv...Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy is a powerful and broadly used spectroscopic technique for characterizing molecular structures and dynamics.Yet the power of NMR is restricted by its inherently low sensitivity due to the weak polarization of nuclear spins under conventional experiment conditions.Dynamic nuclear polarization(DNP)and chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization(CIDNP)have been emerging as powerful in-situ hyperpolarization methods to boost NMR sensitivity.This review provides a brief overview of DNP mechanisms in the context of both solid-state and liquidstate.We delve into the molecular features of different polarizing agents and their impacts on DNP applications,which are now steadily progressing towards modern NMR magnetic field strengths and ambient temperatures.Furthermore,the progress of CIDNP,particularly photo-CIDNP as a potential alternative hyperpolarization technique of DNP,in studying protein dynamics and chemical reaction mechanisms,will be covered.This review also highlights the chemical diversity and experimental strategies crucial for these hyperpolarization techniques,showcasing their transformative role in NMR spectroscopy.展开更多
Chemical effects in different aqueous solutions induced by plasma with glow discharge electrolysis (GDE) and contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE) are described in this paper. The experimental and discharge char...Chemical effects in different aqueous solutions induced by plasma with glow discharge electrolysis (GDE) and contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE) are described in this paper. The experimental and discharge characteristics are also reviewed. These are followed by a discussion of their mechanisms of both anodic and cathodic CGDE..展开更多
A new Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillator induced by Triton X-100 (a nonionic surfactant)with glucose as the organic substrate and Ce^(4+)as the catalyst has been reported in this paper.
BACKGROUND Cancer incidence remains a global challenge.The World Health Organization reported 19976499 new cases in 2022,including 1551060 in Latin America and the Caribbean.While chemotherapy advances have improved s...BACKGROUND Cancer incidence remains a global challenge.The World Health Organization reported 19976499 new cases in 2022,including 1551060 in Latin America and the Caribbean.While chemotherapy advances have improved survival,these treatments carry significant risks,particularly cardiovascular complications impacting morbidity and mortality.Early cardiotoxicity detection enables targeted interventions,guiding clinical decisions on treatment adjustments to mitigate damage and preserve function.Cardiac imaging and biomarkers assess cardiotoxicity before,during,and after therapy.Despite their importance,the lack of a structured multidisciplinary program hinders early detection and management in high-risk patients.AIM To evaluate the use of diagnostic tools for monitoring cardiotoxicity in cancer patients receiving high-risk chemotherapy at the National University Hospital of Colombia.METHODS This observational,retrospective cohort study included patients aged≥18 with cancer treated with potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy at the National University Hospital of Colombia(2016-2019).Data from medical records included demographics,comorbidities,biomarkers,and echocardiographic parameters.Cardiotoxicity was defined by reduced left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)using Simpson’s method and biomarker abnormalities.Statistical analysis included descriptive methods to compare pre-and post-chemotherapy use of biomarkers and echocardiographic parameters.RESULTS From a total of 195 patients analyzed,8.7%(n=17)developed cardiotoxicity,predominantly mild(58.8%,n=10).Affected patients were mostly male(64.7%,n=11)with a mean age of 51.88±15.9 years.The median LVEF declined from 62%[interquartile range(IQR):58%–66%]at baseline to 46%(IQR:34%–56%)post-treatment.STRAIN longitudinal values also significantly decreased,from-18.38±4.62%at baseline to-14.22±4.93%posttreatment.Troponin was measured in 58.8%(n=10)of cardiotoxicity cases,while ProBNP was less frequently used(17.6%,n=3).CONCLUSION This study highlights the utility of echocardiography and biomarkers in assessing cardiotoxicity in oncology patients,emphasizing the need for standardized protocols to optimize early diagnosis and management.However,the retrospective nature of the study and the insufficient use of biomarkers may limit the generalizability of the findings.展开更多
What summarized in this paper is the progress in recent years' in the causdive mechanism on study of developmental toxicants as chemical teratogenesis in three aspects.(1) It is about the phenomena and the possibl...What summarized in this paper is the progress in recent years' in the causdive mechanism on study of developmental toxicants as chemical teratogenesis in three aspects.(1) It is about the phenomena and the possible reason of chemical teratogenesis in the preimplantation period. These research results are contrary to the past traditional concepts. (2) Due to using much more molecular biology methods, it can be observed more dead foetus phenomena before birth, which cannot be done previously and are of great value for reference. (3) When analyzing the genetic reason of chemical abnormal, a new research idea may be showed, i.e. the developmental abnormal due to chemical teratogenesis is induced with association of more relative genes and their expression abnormal. 13 references are involved in.展开更多
We used whole-tree agarwood-induction technology to produce agarwood from Aquilaria sinensis trees within 20 months, and evaluated the quality of this agarwood. The results showed its characteristics were similar to t...We used whole-tree agarwood-induction technology to produce agarwood from Aquilaria sinensis trees within 20 months, and evaluated the quality of this agarwood. The results showed its characteristics were similar to those of high-grade wild agarwood in terms of texture, chemical constituents, essential oil content, and ethanol-soluble extract content, with the lattermost quality far surpassing the requirement of traditional Chinese medicine agarwood, as indicated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010. To the best of our knowledge, this is first study to show that high-quality agarwood can be produced in whole A. sinensis trees via a chemically induced technology.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To observe the intervention of Chushizi(Fructus Broussonetiae)(CSZ)on drug-induced liver injury(DILI)in rats,as well as indicators of liver function,serum levels of inflammatory cytokines,and expression of p...OBJECTIVE:To observe the intervention of Chushizi(Fructus Broussonetiae)(CSZ)on drug-induced liver injury(DILI)in rats,as well as indicators of liver function,serum levels of inflammatory cytokines,and expression of proteins and m RNA associated with toll-like receptor 3(TLR3)and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)pathway in the liver[TLR3,janus protein tyrosine kinase 2(JAK2),c-jun,c-fos,c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2(JNK2),and STAT3].METHODS:Forty specified pathogen free grade Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group,the model group,the silybin group and the CSZ group.Rats were given acetaminophen(APAP)to trigger DILI.Histopathology of the liver was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST),direct bilirubin(DBIL),and total bilirubin(TBIL)in serum were detected by a semi-automatic biochemical instrument.Content of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,IL-13,and IL-22 in serum were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,the expression of TLR3,phosphorylation of JAK2(p-JAK2),while c-jun and c-fos proteins in the liver were determined by immunohistochemistry;expression of JNK2,and STAT3 in the liver were assayed by Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.P-JNK2 and p-STAT3 in the liver were assayed by Western blot.RESULTS:After treatment,the activity of ALT,AST,and concentrations of TBIL,DBIL,TNF-α,IL-6,as well as IL-13 in serum,were lower than those in the model group,and expression of p-JAK2,TLR3,c-jun,c-fos,p-STAT3,and p-JNK2 could be downregulated.CONCLUSION:Our findings suggest that CSZ is a valid medicine to alleviate APAP-induced DILI,while its partial mechanism may regulate the TLR3/JNK/c-jun/c-fos/JAK/STAT3 pathway.展开更多
Anabolic androgenic steroids(AASs)are a group of molecules including endogenous testosterone and synthetic derivatives that have both androgenic and anabolic effects.These properties make them therapeutically benefici...Anabolic androgenic steroids(AASs)are a group of molecules including endogenous testosterone and synthetic derivatives that have both androgenic and anabolic effects.These properties make them therapeutically beneficial in medical conditions such as hypogonadism.However,they are commonly bought illegally and misused for their anabolic,skeletal muscle building,and performanceenhancing effects.Supraphysiologic and long-term use of AASs affects all organs,leading to cardiovascular,neurological,endocrine,gastrointestinal,renal,and hematologic disorders.Hepatotoxicity is one of the major concerns regarding AASs treatment and abuse.Testosterone and its derivatives have been most often shown to induce a specific form of cholestasis,peliosis hepatis,and hepatic benign and malignant tumors.It is currently believed that mechanisms of pathogenesis of these disorders include disturbance of antioxidative factors,upregulation of bile acid synthesis,and induction of hepatocyte hyperplasia.Most toxicity cases are treated with supportive measures and liver function normalizes with discontinuation of AAS.However,some long-term consequences are irreversible.AAS-induced liver injury should be taken in consideration in patients with liver disorders,especially with the increasing unintentional ingestion of supplements containing AAS.In this paper,we review the most current knowledge about AAS-associated adverse effects on the liver,and their clinical presentations,prevalence,and pathophysiological mechanisms.展开更多
Liver injury secondary to vaccination is a rare adverse event that has recently come under attention thanks to the continuous pharmacovigilance following the widespread implementation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID...Liver injury secondary to vaccination is a rare adverse event that has recently come under attention thanks to the continuous pharmacovigilance following the widespread implementation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccination protocols.All three most widely distributed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine formulations,e.g.,BNT162b2,mRNA-1273,and ChAdOx1-S,can induce liver injury that may involve immune-mediated pathways and result in autoimmune hepatitis-like presentation that may require therapeutic intervention in the form of corticosteroid administration.Various mechanisms have been proposed in an attempt to highlight immune checkpoint inhibition and thus establish causality with vaccination.The autoimmune features of such a reaction also prompt an in-depth investigation of the newly employed vaccine technologies.Novel vaccine delivery platforms,e.g.,mRNA-containing lipid nanoparticles and adenoviral vectors,contribute to the inflammatory background that leads to an exaggerated immune response,while patterns of molecular mimicry between the spike(S)protein and prominent liver antigens may account for the autoimmune presentation.Immune mediators triggered by vaccination or vaccine ingredients per se,including autoreactive antibodies,cytokines,and cytotoxic T-cell populations,may inflict hepatocellular damage through wellestablished pathways.We aim to review available data associated with immunemediated liver injury associated with COVID-19 vaccination and elucidate potential mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis.展开更多
Objective: To reveal the relationship between the restriction of esophagus and the esophageal carcinogenesis. Methods: Male Wistar rats weighing 200±20g (N=50) observed as experimental animals. Using carcinogen ...Objective: To reveal the relationship between the restriction of esophagus and the esophageal carcinogenesis. Methods: Male Wistar rats weighing 200±20g (N=50) observed as experimental animals. Using carcinogen NethylNbutylnitrosamine (EBN), or NnitrosomethylNpropylamine (MPN), esophageal carcinogenesis was induced. In some rats, a cotton node was detained in the thoracic segment of the esophageal lumen to make artificial restriction. The rats were divided into 6 groups. Group EC or MC were those treated with the artificial restriction and EBN, or MPN. Group E, M or C included those treated only with EBN, MPN, or cotton node. Group U was untreated control. The rats were sacrificed, and the esophagus from the 6 groups of rats were compared. Results: On naked eye examination, the esophageal lesion was the most in EC group, followed by MC group. About 70% of the lesions were within 3mm from the thread node. The E or M group only had a few lesions. There was no observable lesion in the C and U groups. Histological examination found that the hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, papilloma, and dysplasia were significantly more in EC and MC groups than E and M groups. Severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ were only noticed in the EC and MC groups. Conclusion: It is suggested that the artificial restriction promotes the esophageal carcinogenesis. The effect is related with increased contact with carcinogen and injury at the area of the restriction.展开更多
The plasmid-expression system is routinely plagued by potential plasmid instability. Chromosomal integration is one powerful approach to overcome the problem. Herein we report a plasmid-free hyper-producer E.coli stra...The plasmid-expression system is routinely plagued by potential plasmid instability. Chromosomal integration is one powerful approach to overcome the problem. Herein we report a plasmid-free hyper-producer E.coli strain for coenzyme Q10 production. A series of integration expression vectors, pxKC3T5b and pxKT5b, were constructed for chemically inducible chromosomal evolution(multiple copy integration) and replicon-free and markerless chromosomal integration(single copy integration), respectively. A coenzyme Q10 hyper-producer Escherichia coli TBW20134 was constructed by applying chemically inducible chromosomal evolution,replicon-free and markerless chromosomal integration as well as deletion of menaquinone biosynthetic pathway.The engineered E. coli TBW20134 produced 10.7 mg per gram of dry cell mass(DCM) of coenzyme Q10 when supplemented with 0.075 g·L-1of 4-hydroxy benzoic acid; this yield is unprecedented in E. coli and close to that of the commercial producer Agrobacterium tumefaciens. With this strain, the coenzyme Q10 production capacity was very stable after 30 sequential transfers and no antibiotics were required during the fermentation process. The strategy presented may be useful as a general approach for construction of stable production strains synthesizing natural products where various copy numbers for different genes are concerned.展开更多
Human pluripotent cells are promising for treatment for kidney diseases, but the protocols for derivation of kidney cell types are still controversial. Kidney tissue regeneration is well confirmed in several lower ver...Human pluripotent cells are promising for treatment for kidney diseases, but the protocols for derivation of kidney cell types are still controversial. Kidney tissue regeneration is well confirmed in several lower vertebrates such as fish, and the repair of nephrons after tubular damages is commonly observed after renal injury. Even in adult mammal kidney, renal progenitorcell or system is reportedly presents suggesting that adult stem-like cells in kidney can be practical clinical targets for kidney diseases. However, it is still unclear if kidney stem cells or stem-like cells exist or not. In general, stemness is defined by several factors such as self-renewal capacity, multi-lineage potency and characteristic gene expression profiles. The definite use of stemness may be obstacle to understand kidney regeneration, and here we describe the recent broad findings of kidney regeneration and the cells that contribute regeneration.展开更多
In this article,we report a 3D NiFe phosphite oxyhydroxide plastic electrode using high-resolution digital light processing(DLP)3D-printing technology via induced chemical deposition method.The as-prepared 3D plastic ...In this article,we report a 3D NiFe phosphite oxyhydroxide plastic electrode using high-resolution digital light processing(DLP)3D-printing technology via induced chemical deposition method.The as-prepared 3D plastic electrode exhibits no template requirement,freedom design,low-cost,robust,anticorrosion,lightweight,and micro-nano porous characteristics.It can be drawn to the conclusion that highly oriented open-porous 3D geometry structure will be beneficial for improving surface catalytic active area,wetting performance,and reaction–diffusion dynamics of plastic electrodes for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysis process.Density functional theory(DFT)calculation interprets the origin of high activity of NiFe(PO_(3))O(OH)and demonstrates that the implantation of the–PO_(3)can effectively bind the 3d orbital of Ni in NiFe(PO_(3))O(OH),lead to the weak adsorption of intermediate,make electron more active to improve the conductivity,thereby lowing the transform free energy of*O to*OOH.The water oxidization performance of as-prepared 3D NiFe(PO_(3))O(OH)hollow tubular(HT)lattice plastic electrode has almost reached the state-of-the-art level compared with the as-reported large-current-density catalysts or 3D additive manufactured plastic/metal-based electrodes,especially for high current OER electrodes.This work breaks through the bottleneck that plagues the performance improvement of low-cost high-current electrodes.展开更多
The biggest challenge in using CRISPR technologies,which limits their widespread application in medicine,is off-target effects.These effects could,in principle,be minimized by ensuring that CRISPR is activated primari...The biggest challenge in using CRISPR technologies,which limits their widespread application in medicine,is off-target effects.These effects could,in principle,be minimized by ensuring that CRISPR is activated primarily in the targeted cells,thereby reducing the likelihood of unintended genetic modifications in non-target tissues.Therefore,the development of a light activatable CRISPR approach to dynamically control gene activation in both space and time would be highly beneficial.A drawback is that the overwhelming majority of recently introduced light activatable CRISPR systems require UV or blue light exposure,severely limiting the penetration depth of light in tissue at which CRISPR can be activated,and,in the case of UV light,raising safety concerns.A small number of systems that activate CRISPR using longer wavelengths are hindered by either slow light activation or issues related to toxicity and biocompatibility of the proposed techniques in humans.To address this,we developed a split-Cas9/dCas9 system in which activation is achieved through a near-infrared photocleavable dimerization complex.This photoactivation method can be safely used in humans in vivo,easily adapted to different split-Cas9/dCas9 systems,and enables rapid,spatially precise light activation across various cell types.展开更多
Abscisic acid(ABA)-based chemically induced proximity(CIP)is primarily mediated by the interaction of the ABA receptor pyrabactin resistance 1-like 1(PYL1)and the 2C-type protein phosphatase ABI1,which confers ABA-ind...Abscisic acid(ABA)-based chemically induced proximity(CIP)is primarily mediated by the interaction of the ABA receptor pyrabactin resistance 1-like 1(PYL1)and the 2C-type protein phosphatase ABI1,which confers ABA-induced proximity to their fusion proteins,and offers precise temporal control of a wide array of biological processes.However,broad application of ABA-based CIP has been limited by ABA response intensity.In this study,we demonstrated that ABA-induced interaction between another ABA receptor pyrabactin resistance 1(PYR1)and ABI1 exhibited higher ABA response intensity than that between PYL1 and ABI1 in HEK293T cells.We engineered PYR1-ABI1and PYL1-ABI1 into ABA-induced transcriptional activation tools in mammalian cells by integration with CRISPR/d Cas9 and found that the tool based on PYR1-ABI1 demonstrated better ABA response intensity than that based on PYL1-ABI1 for both exogenous and endogenous genes in mammalian cells.We further achieved ABA-induced RNA m6A modification installation and erasure by combining ABA-induced PYR1-ABI1 interaction with CRISPR/d Cas13,successfully inhibiting tumor cell proliferation.We subsequently improved the interaction of PYR1-ABI1 through phage-assisted continuous evolution(PACE),successfully generating a PYR1 mutant(PYR1m)whose interaction with ABI1 exhibited a higher ABA response intensity than that of the wild-type.In addition,we tested the transcriptional activation tool based on PYRm-ABI1 and found that it also showed a higher ABA response intensity than that of the wild type.These results demonstrate that we have developed a novel ABA-based CIP and further improved upon it using PACE,providing a new approach for the modification of other CIP systems.展开更多
The chemically induced dynamic electron polarization (CIDEP) of the triplet molecule/triplet quencher/2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) systems were measured using the high time-resolved ESR spectromete...The chemically induced dynamic electron polarization (CIDEP) of the triplet molecule/triplet quencher/2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) systems were measured using the high time-resolved ESR spectrometer. The competition between the radical-triplet pair mechanism (RTPM) and triplet mechanism (TM) or radical pair mechanism (KIM) polarization in the solution of the triplet quencher was investigated, and the relationships between reaction rate of the radical-triplet pair and quenching rate of triplet was deduced.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common causes of cancerrelated death around the world due to advanced clinical stage at diagnosis,high incidence of recurrence and metastasis after surgical treatment.It...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common causes of cancerrelated death around the world due to advanced clinical stage at diagnosis,high incidence of recurrence and metastasis after surgical treatment.It is in urgent need to create appropriate animal models to explore the mechanism,patterns,risk factors,and therapeutic strategies of HCC metastasis and recurrence.However,most of the established models lack the phenotype of invasion and metastasis in patient,or have unstable phenotype.To establish HCC models with stable metastasis phenotype requires profound understanding in cancer metastasis biology and scientific methodology.Over the past 3 decades,HCC models with stable metastasis have been extensively studied.This paper reviewed the history and development of HCC animal models and cell models,focusing on the screening and maintaining of metastatic potential and phenotype.In-depth studies using these models vastly promote the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms and development of therapeutic strategies on HCC metastasis.展开更多
Background and Aims:The effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on D-galactosamine(D-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute liver injury(ALI)is unknown.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on ALI...Background and Aims:The effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on D-galactosamine(D-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute liver injury(ALI)is unknown.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on ALI and its underlying mechanisms.Methods:Mice were pretreated with ginsenoside Rb1 by intraperitoneal injection for 3 days before D-GalN/LPS treatment,to induce ALI.The survival rate was monitored every hour for 24 h,and serum biochemical parameters,hepatic index and histopathological analysis were evaluated to measure the degree of liver injury.ELISA was used to detect oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in hepatic tissue and serum.Immunohistochemistry staining,RT-PCR and western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),nuclear factorkappa B(NF-κB),and NLR family,pyrin domain-containing 3 protein(NLRP3)in liver tissue and Kupffer cells(KCs).Results:Ginsenoside Rb1 improved survival with D-GalN/LPS-induced ALI by up to 80%,significantly ameliorated the increased alanine and aspartate transaminase,restored the hepatic pathological changes and reduced the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines altered by D-GalN/LPS.Compared to the control group,the KCs were increased in the D-GalN/LPS groups but did not increase significantly with Rb1 pretreatment.D-GalN/LPS could upregulate while Rb1 pretreatment could downregulate the expression of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-18,NLRP3,apoptosis associated specklike protein containing CARD(ASC)and caspase-1 in isolated KCs.Furthermore,ginsenoside Rb1 inhibited activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome induced by D-GalN/LPS administration.Conclusions:Ginsenoside Rb1 protects mice against D-GalN/LPS-induced ALI by attenuating oxidative stress and the inflammatory response through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22403029)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.GZC20240475,2024M760922)+5 种基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22174099)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22273023)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0905200)Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.23ZR1418200)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(Grant No.CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0616)Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy is a powerful and broadly used spectroscopic technique for characterizing molecular structures and dynamics.Yet the power of NMR is restricted by its inherently low sensitivity due to the weak polarization of nuclear spins under conventional experiment conditions.Dynamic nuclear polarization(DNP)and chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization(CIDNP)have been emerging as powerful in-situ hyperpolarization methods to boost NMR sensitivity.This review provides a brief overview of DNP mechanisms in the context of both solid-state and liquidstate.We delve into the molecular features of different polarizing agents and their impacts on DNP applications,which are now steadily progressing towards modern NMR magnetic field strengths and ambient temperatures.Furthermore,the progress of CIDNP,particularly photo-CIDNP as a potential alternative hyperpolarization technique of DNP,in studying protein dynamics and chemical reaction mechanisms,will be covered.This review also highlights the chemical diversity and experimental strategies crucial for these hyperpolarization techniques,showcasing their transformative role in NMR spectroscopy.
文摘Chemical effects in different aqueous solutions induced by plasma with glow discharge electrolysis (GDE) and contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE) are described in this paper. The experimental and discharge characteristics are also reviewed. These are followed by a discussion of their mechanisms of both anodic and cathodic CGDE..
文摘A new Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillator induced by Triton X-100 (a nonionic surfactant)with glucose as the organic substrate and Ce^(4+)as the catalyst has been reported in this paper.
文摘BACKGROUND Cancer incidence remains a global challenge.The World Health Organization reported 19976499 new cases in 2022,including 1551060 in Latin America and the Caribbean.While chemotherapy advances have improved survival,these treatments carry significant risks,particularly cardiovascular complications impacting morbidity and mortality.Early cardiotoxicity detection enables targeted interventions,guiding clinical decisions on treatment adjustments to mitigate damage and preserve function.Cardiac imaging and biomarkers assess cardiotoxicity before,during,and after therapy.Despite their importance,the lack of a structured multidisciplinary program hinders early detection and management in high-risk patients.AIM To evaluate the use of diagnostic tools for monitoring cardiotoxicity in cancer patients receiving high-risk chemotherapy at the National University Hospital of Colombia.METHODS This observational,retrospective cohort study included patients aged≥18 with cancer treated with potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy at the National University Hospital of Colombia(2016-2019).Data from medical records included demographics,comorbidities,biomarkers,and echocardiographic parameters.Cardiotoxicity was defined by reduced left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)using Simpson’s method and biomarker abnormalities.Statistical analysis included descriptive methods to compare pre-and post-chemotherapy use of biomarkers and echocardiographic parameters.RESULTS From a total of 195 patients analyzed,8.7%(n=17)developed cardiotoxicity,predominantly mild(58.8%,n=10).Affected patients were mostly male(64.7%,n=11)with a mean age of 51.88±15.9 years.The median LVEF declined from 62%[interquartile range(IQR):58%–66%]at baseline to 46%(IQR:34%–56%)post-treatment.STRAIN longitudinal values also significantly decreased,from-18.38±4.62%at baseline to-14.22±4.93%posttreatment.Troponin was measured in 58.8%(n=10)of cardiotoxicity cases,while ProBNP was less frequently used(17.6%,n=3).CONCLUSION This study highlights the utility of echocardiography and biomarkers in assessing cardiotoxicity in oncology patients,emphasizing the need for standardized protocols to optimize early diagnosis and management.However,the retrospective nature of the study and the insufficient use of biomarkers may limit the generalizability of the findings.
文摘What summarized in this paper is the progress in recent years' in the causdive mechanism on study of developmental toxicants as chemical teratogenesis in three aspects.(1) It is about the phenomena and the possible reason of chemical teratogenesis in the preimplantation period. These research results are contrary to the past traditional concepts. (2) Due to using much more molecular biology methods, it can be observed more dead foetus phenomena before birth, which cannot be done previously and are of great value for reference. (3) When analyzing the genetic reason of chemical abnormal, a new research idea may be showed, i.e. the developmental abnormal due to chemical teratogenesis is induced with association of more relative genes and their expression abnormal. 13 references are involved in.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2011BAI01B07)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81173481 and 31000136)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No. 6102024)the key project in the Science & Technology Program of Hainan Provincial(No.ZDXM20120033)
文摘We used whole-tree agarwood-induction technology to produce agarwood from Aquilaria sinensis trees within 20 months, and evaluated the quality of this agarwood. The results showed its characteristics were similar to those of high-grade wild agarwood in terms of texture, chemical constituents, essential oil content, and ethanol-soluble extract content, with the lattermost quality far surpassing the requirement of traditional Chinese medicine agarwood, as indicated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010. To the best of our knowledge, this is first study to show that high-quality agarwood can be produced in whole A. sinensis trees via a chemically induced technology.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Study on the Compatibility Relationship and Mechanism of Vinegar Kansui and Roasted Licorice Based on the Theory of Medicine Syndrome,No.81503268)the Top Program of Science and Technology Research Youth in Colleges and Universities of Hebei Province(Study on the Preventive and Therapeutic Effect and Mechanism of Jiedu Hugan Recipe on Drug-Induced Liver Injury,No.BJ2016038)+1 种基金the Central Finance Public Health Project 2017the General Survey of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources(No.Z135080000022)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To observe the intervention of Chushizi(Fructus Broussonetiae)(CSZ)on drug-induced liver injury(DILI)in rats,as well as indicators of liver function,serum levels of inflammatory cytokines,and expression of proteins and m RNA associated with toll-like receptor 3(TLR3)and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)pathway in the liver[TLR3,janus protein tyrosine kinase 2(JAK2),c-jun,c-fos,c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2(JNK2),and STAT3].METHODS:Forty specified pathogen free grade Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group,the model group,the silybin group and the CSZ group.Rats were given acetaminophen(APAP)to trigger DILI.Histopathology of the liver was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST),direct bilirubin(DBIL),and total bilirubin(TBIL)in serum were detected by a semi-automatic biochemical instrument.Content of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,IL-13,and IL-22 in serum were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,the expression of TLR3,phosphorylation of JAK2(p-JAK2),while c-jun and c-fos proteins in the liver were determined by immunohistochemistry;expression of JNK2,and STAT3 in the liver were assayed by Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.P-JNK2 and p-STAT3 in the liver were assayed by Western blot.RESULTS:After treatment,the activity of ALT,AST,and concentrations of TBIL,DBIL,TNF-α,IL-6,as well as IL-13 in serum,were lower than those in the model group,and expression of p-JAK2,TLR3,c-jun,c-fos,p-STAT3,and p-JNK2 could be downregulated.CONCLUSION:Our findings suggest that CSZ is a valid medicine to alleviate APAP-induced DILI,while its partial mechanism may regulate the TLR3/JNK/c-jun/c-fos/JAK/STAT3 pathway.
文摘Anabolic androgenic steroids(AASs)are a group of molecules including endogenous testosterone and synthetic derivatives that have both androgenic and anabolic effects.These properties make them therapeutically beneficial in medical conditions such as hypogonadism.However,they are commonly bought illegally and misused for their anabolic,skeletal muscle building,and performanceenhancing effects.Supraphysiologic and long-term use of AASs affects all organs,leading to cardiovascular,neurological,endocrine,gastrointestinal,renal,and hematologic disorders.Hepatotoxicity is one of the major concerns regarding AASs treatment and abuse.Testosterone and its derivatives have been most often shown to induce a specific form of cholestasis,peliosis hepatis,and hepatic benign and malignant tumors.It is currently believed that mechanisms of pathogenesis of these disorders include disturbance of antioxidative factors,upregulation of bile acid synthesis,and induction of hepatocyte hyperplasia.Most toxicity cases are treated with supportive measures and liver function normalizes with discontinuation of AAS.However,some long-term consequences are irreversible.AAS-induced liver injury should be taken in consideration in patients with liver disorders,especially with the increasing unintentional ingestion of supplements containing AAS.In this paper,we review the most current knowledge about AAS-associated adverse effects on the liver,and their clinical presentations,prevalence,and pathophysiological mechanisms.
文摘Liver injury secondary to vaccination is a rare adverse event that has recently come under attention thanks to the continuous pharmacovigilance following the widespread implementation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccination protocols.All three most widely distributed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine formulations,e.g.,BNT162b2,mRNA-1273,and ChAdOx1-S,can induce liver injury that may involve immune-mediated pathways and result in autoimmune hepatitis-like presentation that may require therapeutic intervention in the form of corticosteroid administration.Various mechanisms have been proposed in an attempt to highlight immune checkpoint inhibition and thus establish causality with vaccination.The autoimmune features of such a reaction also prompt an in-depth investigation of the newly employed vaccine technologies.Novel vaccine delivery platforms,e.g.,mRNA-containing lipid nanoparticles and adenoviral vectors,contribute to the inflammatory background that leads to an exaggerated immune response,while patterns of molecular mimicry between the spike(S)protein and prominent liver antigens may account for the autoimmune presentation.Immune mediators triggered by vaccination or vaccine ingredients per se,including autoreactive antibodies,cytokines,and cytotoxic T-cell populations,may inflict hepatocellular damage through wellestablished pathways.We aim to review available data associated with immunemediated liver injury associated with COVID-19 vaccination and elucidate potential mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis.
文摘Objective: To reveal the relationship between the restriction of esophagus and the esophageal carcinogenesis. Methods: Male Wistar rats weighing 200±20g (N=50) observed as experimental animals. Using carcinogen NethylNbutylnitrosamine (EBN), or NnitrosomethylNpropylamine (MPN), esophageal carcinogenesis was induced. In some rats, a cotton node was detained in the thoracic segment of the esophageal lumen to make artificial restriction. The rats were divided into 6 groups. Group EC or MC were those treated with the artificial restriction and EBN, or MPN. Group E, M or C included those treated only with EBN, MPN, or cotton node. Group U was untreated control. The rats were sacrificed, and the esophagus from the 6 groups of rats were compared. Results: On naked eye examination, the esophageal lesion was the most in EC group, followed by MC group. About 70% of the lesions were within 3mm from the thread node. The E or M group only had a few lesions. There was no observable lesion in the C and U groups. Histological examination found that the hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, papilloma, and dysplasia were significantly more in EC and MC groups than E and M groups. Severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ were only noticed in the EC and MC groups. Conclusion: It is suggested that the artificial restriction promotes the esophageal carcinogenesis. The effect is related with increased contact with carcinogen and injury at the area of the restriction.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30970089,20876181,21276289)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(9351027501000003,S2011010001396)
文摘The plasmid-expression system is routinely plagued by potential plasmid instability. Chromosomal integration is one powerful approach to overcome the problem. Herein we report a plasmid-free hyper-producer E.coli strain for coenzyme Q10 production. A series of integration expression vectors, pxKC3T5b and pxKT5b, were constructed for chemically inducible chromosomal evolution(multiple copy integration) and replicon-free and markerless chromosomal integration(single copy integration), respectively. A coenzyme Q10 hyper-producer Escherichia coli TBW20134 was constructed by applying chemically inducible chromosomal evolution,replicon-free and markerless chromosomal integration as well as deletion of menaquinone biosynthetic pathway.The engineered E. coli TBW20134 produced 10.7 mg per gram of dry cell mass(DCM) of coenzyme Q10 when supplemented with 0.075 g·L-1of 4-hydroxy benzoic acid; this yield is unprecedented in E. coli and close to that of the commercial producer Agrobacterium tumefaciens. With this strain, the coenzyme Q10 production capacity was very stable after 30 sequential transfers and no antibiotics were required during the fermentation process. The strategy presented may be useful as a general approach for construction of stable production strains synthesizing natural products where various copy numbers for different genes are concerned.
文摘Human pluripotent cells are promising for treatment for kidney diseases, but the protocols for derivation of kidney cell types are still controversial. Kidney tissue regeneration is well confirmed in several lower vertebrates such as fish, and the repair of nephrons after tubular damages is commonly observed after renal injury. Even in adult mammal kidney, renal progenitorcell or system is reportedly presents suggesting that adult stem-like cells in kidney can be practical clinical targets for kidney diseases. However, it is still unclear if kidney stem cells or stem-like cells exist or not. In general, stemness is defined by several factors such as self-renewal capacity, multi-lineage potency and characteristic gene expression profiles. The definite use of stemness may be obstacle to understand kidney regeneration, and here we describe the recent broad findings of kidney regeneration and the cells that contribute regeneration.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52001173&52100190)the Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Program,Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20200970&BK20210834)+2 种基金General Project of Natural Science Research in Jiangsu Colleges and Universities(20KJB530011&20KJB430046)Research Fund of Nantong University(03083054)National College Students'innovation and entrepreneurship training program(202110304019Z)for financial support.
文摘In this article,we report a 3D NiFe phosphite oxyhydroxide plastic electrode using high-resolution digital light processing(DLP)3D-printing technology via induced chemical deposition method.The as-prepared 3D plastic electrode exhibits no template requirement,freedom design,low-cost,robust,anticorrosion,lightweight,and micro-nano porous characteristics.It can be drawn to the conclusion that highly oriented open-porous 3D geometry structure will be beneficial for improving surface catalytic active area,wetting performance,and reaction–diffusion dynamics of plastic electrodes for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysis process.Density functional theory(DFT)calculation interprets the origin of high activity of NiFe(PO_(3))O(OH)and demonstrates that the implantation of the–PO_(3)can effectively bind the 3d orbital of Ni in NiFe(PO_(3))O(OH),lead to the weak adsorption of intermediate,make electron more active to improve the conductivity,thereby lowing the transform free energy of*O to*OOH.The water oxidization performance of as-prepared 3D NiFe(PO_(3))O(OH)hollow tubular(HT)lattice plastic electrode has almost reached the state-of-the-art level compared with the as-reported large-current-density catalysts or 3D additive manufactured plastic/metal-based electrodes,especially for high current OER electrodes.This work breaks through the bottleneck that plagues the performance improvement of low-cost high-current electrodes.
基金supported by US National Science Foundation grants EFRI 1830878,CBET 1948722,CBET 2220273,and CBET 2325317US National Institutes of Health grants R01 EB025173,R01 CA228029,R01 CA293050,R01 GM143749,and R21 AG085089.
文摘The biggest challenge in using CRISPR technologies,which limits their widespread application in medicine,is off-target effects.These effects could,in principle,be minimized by ensuring that CRISPR is activated primarily in the targeted cells,thereby reducing the likelihood of unintended genetic modifications in non-target tissues.Therefore,the development of a light activatable CRISPR approach to dynamically control gene activation in both space and time would be highly beneficial.A drawback is that the overwhelming majority of recently introduced light activatable CRISPR systems require UV or blue light exposure,severely limiting the penetration depth of light in tissue at which CRISPR can be activated,and,in the case of UV light,raising safety concerns.A small number of systems that activate CRISPR using longer wavelengths are hindered by either slow light activation or issues related to toxicity and biocompatibility of the proposed techniques in humans.To address this,we developed a split-Cas9/dCas9 system in which activation is achieved through a near-infrared photocleavable dimerization complex.This photoactivation method can be safely used in humans in vivo,easily adapted to different split-Cas9/dCas9 systems,and enables rapid,spatially precise light activation across various cell types.
基金supported by grants from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022TQ0120,2022M721320)the Science and Technology Research Project of the Education Department of Jilin Province,China (JJKH20221036KJ)+1 种基金the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials (sklssm2023033)Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (20240305059YY)。
文摘Abscisic acid(ABA)-based chemically induced proximity(CIP)is primarily mediated by the interaction of the ABA receptor pyrabactin resistance 1-like 1(PYL1)and the 2C-type protein phosphatase ABI1,which confers ABA-induced proximity to their fusion proteins,and offers precise temporal control of a wide array of biological processes.However,broad application of ABA-based CIP has been limited by ABA response intensity.In this study,we demonstrated that ABA-induced interaction between another ABA receptor pyrabactin resistance 1(PYR1)and ABI1 exhibited higher ABA response intensity than that between PYL1 and ABI1 in HEK293T cells.We engineered PYR1-ABI1and PYL1-ABI1 into ABA-induced transcriptional activation tools in mammalian cells by integration with CRISPR/d Cas9 and found that the tool based on PYR1-ABI1 demonstrated better ABA response intensity than that based on PYL1-ABI1 for both exogenous and endogenous genes in mammalian cells.We further achieved ABA-induced RNA m6A modification installation and erasure by combining ABA-induced PYR1-ABI1 interaction with CRISPR/d Cas13,successfully inhibiting tumor cell proliferation.We subsequently improved the interaction of PYR1-ABI1 through phage-assisted continuous evolution(PACE),successfully generating a PYR1 mutant(PYR1m)whose interaction with ABI1 exhibited a higher ABA response intensity than that of the wild-type.In addition,we tested the transcriptional activation tool based on PYRm-ABI1 and found that it also showed a higher ABA response intensity than that of the wild type.These results demonstrate that we have developed a novel ABA-based CIP and further improved upon it using PACE,providing a new approach for the modification of other CIP systems.
基金Project supported by Science Foundation of Anhui (No. 99jL0070)Youth Science Foundation of Anhui Normal University (No. 99XQ18)
文摘The chemically induced dynamic electron polarization (CIDEP) of the triplet molecule/triplet quencher/2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) systems were measured using the high time-resolved ESR spectrometer. The competition between the radical-triplet pair mechanism (RTPM) and triplet mechanism (TM) or radical pair mechanism (KIM) polarization in the solution of the triplet quencher was investigated, and the relationships between reaction rate of the radical-triplet pair and quenching rate of triplet was deduced.
基金This work was supported by Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’Ascent Plan[grant number DFL20180701]Special Fund for the Capital Characteristic Clinical Medicine Development Project[grant number Z161100000516077]+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Grant for Medical Talents Group on Peritoneal Surface Oncology[grant number 2017400003235J007]Beijing Health and Science Technology Achievement and Appropriate Technology Promotion Project[grant number 2018-TG-27]Beijing Natural Science Foundation[grant number 7172108].
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common causes of cancerrelated death around the world due to advanced clinical stage at diagnosis,high incidence of recurrence and metastasis after surgical treatment.It is in urgent need to create appropriate animal models to explore the mechanism,patterns,risk factors,and therapeutic strategies of HCC metastasis and recurrence.However,most of the established models lack the phenotype of invasion and metastasis in patient,or have unstable phenotype.To establish HCC models with stable metastasis phenotype requires profound understanding in cancer metastasis biology and scientific methodology.Over the past 3 decades,HCC models with stable metastasis have been extensively studied.This paper reviewed the history and development of HCC animal models and cell models,focusing on the screening and maintaining of metastatic potential and phenotype.In-depth studies using these models vastly promote the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms and development of therapeutic strategies on HCC metastasis.
基金Supported by Clinical Research Plan of SHDC(No.SHDC2020CR4067)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.20S31905300 and No.20Y11900900)+1 种基金Anti-COVID-19 grant from ZhongShan Hospital,Fudan University(No.002 and No.008)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82072131 and No.J1924010).
文摘Background and Aims:The effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on D-galactosamine(D-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute liver injury(ALI)is unknown.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on ALI and its underlying mechanisms.Methods:Mice were pretreated with ginsenoside Rb1 by intraperitoneal injection for 3 days before D-GalN/LPS treatment,to induce ALI.The survival rate was monitored every hour for 24 h,and serum biochemical parameters,hepatic index and histopathological analysis were evaluated to measure the degree of liver injury.ELISA was used to detect oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in hepatic tissue and serum.Immunohistochemistry staining,RT-PCR and western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),nuclear factorkappa B(NF-κB),and NLR family,pyrin domain-containing 3 protein(NLRP3)in liver tissue and Kupffer cells(KCs).Results:Ginsenoside Rb1 improved survival with D-GalN/LPS-induced ALI by up to 80%,significantly ameliorated the increased alanine and aspartate transaminase,restored the hepatic pathological changes and reduced the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines altered by D-GalN/LPS.Compared to the control group,the KCs were increased in the D-GalN/LPS groups but did not increase significantly with Rb1 pretreatment.D-GalN/LPS could upregulate while Rb1 pretreatment could downregulate the expression of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-18,NLRP3,apoptosis associated specklike protein containing CARD(ASC)and caspase-1 in isolated KCs.Furthermore,ginsenoside Rb1 inhibited activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome induced by D-GalN/LPS administration.Conclusions:Ginsenoside Rb1 protects mice against D-GalN/LPS-induced ALI by attenuating oxidative stress and the inflammatory response through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
