Decentralized methods for targeting poverty are widely adopted in developing countries to improve the performance of various poverty alleviation programs.A common challenge for implementing successful decentralized ta...Decentralized methods for targeting poverty are widely adopted in developing countries to improve the performance of various poverty alleviation programs.A common challenge for implementing successful decentralized targeting is the existence of elite capture.China has recently implemented a nationwide decentralized poverty targeting program,the targeted poverty alleviation(TPA)policy,to achieve the national goal of eliminating absolute poverty by the end of 2020.As the largest decentralized poverty targeting program in the world,TPA's successful implementation was believed to be threatened by elite capture in some earlier reports.Since 2015,a targeting correction mechanism,called"follow-up checks"policy,has been introduced.With the"follow-up checks"policy,the elites and other ineligible households who receive benefits under TPA were removed from the program.This paper investigates the elite capture phenomenon in TPA using village census data from a poverty-stricken county in 2017-two years after implementing the"follow-up checks"policy.We find no evidence of elite capture in TPA.The elites are unlikely to become beneficiaries or receive more benefits than non-elites.Our results contradict earlier findings that reported elite capture in TPA.We argue that the reason is the accountability emphasized by the central government in the"follow-up checks"policy.Our findings imply that having proper accountability is critical for improving targeting performance by global antipoverty initiatives.展开更多
You can use the word“check”in many ways.When you check into something,you find out more about it.When you check something out,you look at that thing carefully.To check out a place,you may actually go there.When you ...You can use the word“check”in many ways.When you check into something,you find out more about it.When you check something out,you look at that thing carefully.To check out a place,you may actually go there.When you check in on someone,you go to their place.You may ask,“How are you doing?”展开更多
People read many things online these days.It's an easy way to get a lot of information fast.They look at news,see posts and watch videos.But how much of the information is true?Some things online are fake.So it...People read many things online these days.It's an easy way to get a lot of information fast.They look at news,see posts and watch videos.But how much of the information is true?Some things online are fake.So it's important to check the facts before you believe or share anything.You can ask people or look at other sources first.Check newspapers or official websites.Always think carefully before you believe something online.展开更多
Missing checks for untrusted inputs used in security-sensitive operations is one of the major causes of various vulnerabilities. Efficiently detecting and repairing missing checks are essential for prognosticating pot...Missing checks for untrusted inputs used in security-sensitive operations is one of the major causes of various vulnerabilities. Efficiently detecting and repairing missing checks are essential for prognosticating potential vulnerabilities and improving code reliability. We propose a systematic static analysis approach to detect missing checks for manipulable data used in security-sensitive operations of C/C++ programs and recommend repair references. First, customized securitysensitive operations are located by lightweight static analysis. Then, the assailability of sensitive data used in securitysensitive operations is determined via taint analysis. And, the existence and the risk degree of missing checks are assessed. Finally, the repair references for high-risk missing checks are recommended. We implemented the approach into an automated and cross-platform tool named Vanguard based on Clang/LLVM 3.6.0. Large-scale experimental evaluation on open-source projects has shown its effectiveness and efficiency. Furthermore, Vanguard has helped us uncover five known vulnerabilities and 12 new bugs.展开更多
Check dams are widely constructed on China's Loess Plateau,which had a total number of 58,776 by the end of 2019.Great achievements in check dam construction have been gained regarding the economic and environment...Check dams are widely constructed on China's Loess Plateau,which had a total number of 58,776 by the end of 2019.Great achievements in check dam construction have been gained regarding the economic and environmental impacts.This study reviews the remarkable benefits of check dams on the land reclamation and environmental improvement on the Loess Plateau,and sediment reduction entering the Yellow River.However,the flood incidents on check dams have been frequently reported for the past decades,which has attracted more attention in the context of climate change and extreme rainfall events recently.Advances in the flood migration techniques achieved by the research group led by the first author have been highlighted to migrate the breach risk of check dams due to floods.The“family tree method”has been proposed to determine the survival status and critical rainfall threshold of each check dam in the complicated dam system.An updated dam breach flood evaluation framework and the corresponding numerical algorithm(i.e.,DB-IWHR)have been developed.Moreover,innovative types of water-release facilities for check dams,including geobag stepped spillway and prestressed concrete cylinder pipe in the underlying conduit,have been proposed and developed.Finally,the perspectives concerning the check dam construction on the Loess Plateau have been put forward.展开更多
Crime scene investigation(CSI)is an important link in the criminal justice system as it serves as a bridge between establishing the happenings during an incident and possibly identifying the accountable persons,provid...Crime scene investigation(CSI)is an important link in the criminal justice system as it serves as a bridge between establishing the happenings during an incident and possibly identifying the accountable persons,providing light in the dark.The International Organization for Standardization(ISO)and the International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC)collaborated to develop the ISO/IEC 17020:2012 standard to govern the quality of CSI,a branch of inspection activity.These protocols include the impartiality and competence of the crime scene investigators involved,contemporary recording of scene observations and data obtained,the correct use of resources during scene processing,forensic evidence collection and handling procedures,and the confidentiality and integrity of any scene information obtained from other parties etc.The preparatory work,the accreditation processes involved and the implementation of new quality measures to the existing quality management system in order to achieve the ISO/IE 17020:2012 accreditation at the Forensic Science Division of the Government Laboratory in Hong Kong are discussed in this paper.展开更多
Chinese Chemical Letters(CCL)(ISSN 1001-8417) was founded in July 1990. The journal publishes preliminary accounts in the whole field of chemistry, including inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistr...Chinese Chemical Letters(CCL)(ISSN 1001-8417) was founded in July 1990. The journal publishes preliminary accounts in the whole field of chemistry, including inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, polymer chemistry, applied chemistry, etc., satisfying a real and urgent need for the dissemination of research results, especially hot topics. The journal does not accept articles previously published or scheduled to be published. To verify originality, your article may be checked by the originality detection service CrossCheck.展开更多
The immutability is a crucial property for blockchain applications,however,it also leads to problems such as the inability to revise illegal data on the blockchain and delete private data.Although redactable blockchai...The immutability is a crucial property for blockchain applications,however,it also leads to problems such as the inability to revise illegal data on the blockchain and delete private data.Although redactable blockchains enable on-chain modification,they suffer from inefficiency and excessive centralization,the majority of redactable blockchain schemes ignore the difficult problems of traceability and consistency check.In this paper,we present a Dynamically Redactable Blockchain based on decentralized Chameleon hash(DRBC).Specifically,we propose an Identity-Based Decentralized Chameleon Hash(IDCH)and a Version-Based Transaction structure(VT)to realize the traceability of transaction modifications in a decentralized environment.Then,we propose an efficient block consistency check protocol based on the Bloom filter tree,which can realize the consistency check of transactions with extremely low time and space cost.Security analysis and experiment results demonstrate the reliability of DRBC and its significant advantages in a decentralized environment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bacterial contamination during colonoscopy is a significant concern,yet few studies have evaluated bacterial aerosols.This study aimed to determine whether covering the biopsy hole check valve with enzymoly...BACKGROUND Bacterial contamination during colonoscopy is a significant concern,yet few studies have evaluated bacterial aerosols.This study aimed to determine whether covering the biopsy hole check valve with enzymolysis gauze(refers to sterile gauze soaked in a multi-enzyme cleaning solution)reduces bacterial air pollution in endoscopy rooms.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of an enzymolysis gauze cover in reducing bacterial aerosols from the biopsy valve.METHODS This prospective,single-blind trial included 80 patients undergoing elective diagnostic colonoscopy.During the procedure,the biopsy hole check valve was either covered or left uncovered with enzymolysis gauze.Air samples(100 L)were collected at a distance of 30 cm from the biopsy hole check valve and approximately 140 cm above the floor using a percussive air sampling instrument.Gram-positive bacteria were cultured on standard 90 mm colimycin nalidixic agar blood plates.The primary outcome measures were bacterial load and species identification.RESULTS Covering the biopsy hole check valve with enzymolysis gauze reduced bacterial load near the check valve from 50 colony-forming unit(CFU)/m^(3)[interquartile range(IQR):30-80]to 20 CFU/m^(3)(IQR:10-20).At the end of the procedure each day,covering the valve also decreased bacterial load in the endoscopy room from 35 CFU/m^(3)(IQR:33-85)to 10 CFU/m^(3)(IQR:5-10).The predominant bacteria identified were Gram-positive cocci.CONCLUSION Applying enzymolysis gauze to cover the biopsy hole check valve significantly reduces bacterial aerosol contamination in endoscopy rooms during colonoscopy.展开更多
Linear programming(LP)decoding is a classic decoding method for linear block codes,and has attracted recent researches because its potential in joint channel processing.However,for polar codes,LP decoders has long bee...Linear programming(LP)decoding is a classic decoding method for linear block codes,and has attracted recent researches because its potential in joint channel processing.However,for polar codes,LP decoders has long been outperformed by CRCaided successive cancellation list(CA-SCL)decoders.To increase the competitiveness of 5G NR LP polar decoding,it is possible to gain performance improvements by exploiting the cyclic redundancy check(CRC)setup.In this paper,we propose a combined scheme of reduced sparsified factor graph-sparsified CRC(RSFG-SCRC)and augmented generator matrix-CRC(AGM-CRC),for polytope generation in adaptive linear programming(ALP)decoder for 5G polar codes.Augmented generator matrix(AGM)polytope and improved maximum cycle strategy-auxiliary node pairs 4(MCS-ANP-4)algorithm are proposed,to make efficient use of CRC constraints and minimize the constraint size for the decoder.Numerical simulations show that adaptive linear programming decoders with our proposed RSFG-SCRC and AGM-CRC polytopes can achieve significantly better block error rate(BLER)performance than a benchmark CA-SCL-8 decoder especially in harsh low-to-medium SNR regions.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of citicoline sodium capsules on patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI)and its safety.Methods:This study is a multicenter,single-arm,prospective,observat...Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of citicoline sodium capsules on patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI)and its safety.Methods:This study is a multicenter,single-arm,prospective,observational study of brain trauma patients who met the inclusion criteria between March 2023 and June 2024 and who could be treated with citicoline sodium capsules after being evaluated by the investigator.The Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)and Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),the incidence of adverse drug reactions/adverse events during treatment,and the abnormalities of safety tests with clinical evaluation significance were observed at 1 month and 2 months after treatment.Results:A total of 2806 patients,63.1%of whom were male,with an average age of 58.85 years old.The GCS and MMSE scores of the patients at 1 month and 2 months after treatment were significantly improved and were statistically significant,indicating that citicoline sodium had a significant effect on improving the state of consciousness and cognitive function of patients with TBI.Only 8 adverse reactions were reported in the study,all of which were mild gastrointestinal reactions and anaphylaxis,and did not lead to treatment interruption or serious consequences.Conclusion:Citicoline sodium has a significant therapeutic effect on patients with TBI and has good safety.展开更多
Hybrid entangled states(HESs),which involve different particles with various degrees of freedom,have garnered significant attention and been applied in a wide range of quantum technologies.However,similar to other cat...Hybrid entangled states(HESs),which involve different particles with various degrees of freedom,have garnered significant attention and been applied in a wide range of quantum technologies.However,similar to other categories of entanglement,maximally HESs inevitably degrade to mixed states due to the environmental noise and operational imperfections.To address the degradation problem,measurement-based entanglement purification offers a feasible and robust solution alternative to conventional gate-based purification methods.In this paper,we propose a measurement-based hybrid entanglement purification protocol(MB-HEPP)for a certain kind of HES which consists of polarization photons and coherent states.We extend our methodology to several conditions,such as the multi-copy and multi-party scenarios,and the photon-loss condition.Compared with previous HEPPs,this protocol has several advantages.First,it does not depend on post-selection and the purified HESs can be retained for further application.Second,it does not require the Bell state measurement,but only uses the parity check with conventional linear optical elements,which makes it have the higher success probability and more feasible.Our MB-HEPP has potential applications in future heterogeneous quantum networks.展开更多
Dear Editor,The Veterans Health Administration(VHA)plays a crucial role in the U.S.healthcare system,particularly for a population with a high prevalence of skin cancer[1].Timely total body skin examination(TBSE)is vi...Dear Editor,The Veterans Health Administration(VHA)plays a crucial role in the U.S.healthcare system,particularly for a population with a high prevalence of skin cancer[1].Timely total body skin examination(TBSE)is vital for managing cutaneous malignancies[2].Despite National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)guidelines advocating regular TBSE post-diagnosis[3].展开更多
To meticulously dissect the cracking issue in the transverse diaphragm concrete,situated at the anchor point of a colossal large-span,single cable plane cable-stayed bridge,this research paper adopts an innovative lay...To meticulously dissect the cracking issue in the transverse diaphragm concrete,situated at the anchor point of a colossal large-span,single cable plane cable-stayed bridge,this research paper adopts an innovative layered modeling analysis methodology for numerical simulations.The approach is structured into three distinct layers,each tailored to address specific aspects of the cracking phenomenon.The foundational first layer model operates under the assumption of linear elasticity,adhering to the Saint Venant principle.It narrows its focus to the crucial zone between the Bp20 transverse diaphragm and the central axis of pier 4’s support,encompassing the critically cracked diaphragm beneath the N1 cable anchor.This layer provides a preliminary estimate of potential cracking zones within the concrete,serving as a baseline for further analysis.The second layer model builds upon this foundation by incorporating material plasticity into its considerations.It pinpoints its investigation to the immediate vicinity of the cracked transverse diaphragm associated with the N1 cable,aiming to capture the intricate material behavior under stress.This layer’s predictions of crack locations and patterns exhibit a remarkable alignment with actual detection results,confirming its precision and reliability.The third and most intricate layer delves deep into the heart of the matter,examining the cracked transverse diaphragm precisely where the cable force attains its maximum intensity.By leveraging advanced extended finite element technology,this layer offers an unprecedented level of detail in tracing the progression of concrete cracks.Its findings reveal a close correlation between predicted and observed crack widths,validating the model’s proficiency in simulating real-world cracking dynamics.Crucially,the boundary conditions for each layer are meticulously aligned with those of the overarching model,ensuring consistency and integrity throughout the analysis.These results not only enrich our understanding of the cracking mechanisms but also underscore the efficacy of reinforcing cracked concrete sections with external steel plates.In conclusion,this study represents a significant contribution to the field of bridge engineering,offering both theoretical insights and practical solutions for addressing similar challenges.展开更多
The implementation of the cascade check dam system, which integrates beam and closed-type dams, has been extensively adopted as a pivotal engineering measure for mitigating debris flow in Southwest China. In the post-...The implementation of the cascade check dam system, which integrates beam and closed-type dams, has been extensively adopted as a pivotal engineering measure for mitigating debris flow in Southwest China. In the post-debris flow events, it is imperative to quantitatively assess the volume of sediment volume captured by the cascade check dams and to monitor their impact on sediment dynamics. This study investigates the cascade check dams in Guanmenzi Gully, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province in Southwest China, surveying the reservoir topography of the dams on two occasions over a fiveyear period. The #3 closed-type dam, located in the upper upstream, the #2 closed-type dam, located in the middle stream(which was manually cleaned), and the beam dam, located in the downstream were all surveyed. A simplified yet accurate method was developed to estimate sediment volume within check dam reservoirs under complex topographic conditions. A combination of terrestrial surveys and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) based surveys was employed, resulting in the acquisition of two high-resolution Digital Elevation Models(DEMs) at different temporal intervals. The utilization of DEMs of Difference(DoD) facilitated the quantification of terrain variations and the sediment transport. The following conclusions were obtained: firstly, it was found that the volume of sediment trapped in the reservoirs of #2 closed-type dam and #1 beam dam were almost the same, with #3 closed-type dam being the smallest. The validation of the results in conjunction with the geometric method demonstrated that the percentage error was less than 7%, proving the reliability of the results. In addition, an analysis of changes in the detailed topography of the reservoirs revealed that the sediment deposit occurred in areas distant from the structures, while erosion exhibited concentration in specific areas close to the dams. The percentage volume of sediment deposit was found to be significantly higher than that of erosion(all higher than 85%). Furthermore, the excessive sediment deposition reduces the storage capacity of closed-type check dams, whereas in the case of beam dams, the maximum erosion amount in the reservoir is 35.8 m^(3) and the percentage of the maximum erosion amount is 14.00%. This suggests that the self-cleaning of beam dam can effectively slow down the sediment deposition process. Finally, the current study proposes an expression for storage capacity composition and suggests that, in engineering practice, emphasis should be placed on maintenance programs that synergize manual cleaning and self-cleaning of open-type check dams. The conclusions may facilitate the refinement of maintenance strategies of cascade check dams, thereby effectively preventing and mitigating debris flows.展开更多
Insulin resistance(IR)is widely recognized as a key contributor to metabolic disorders,and various surrogate indices have been developed to estimate IR in clinical and research settings.The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic...Insulin resistance(IR)is widely recognized as a key contributor to metabolic disorders,and various surrogate indices have been developed to estimate IR in clinical and research settings.The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp is considered the gold standard method for assessing insulin resistance due to its precision;however,its complexity limits its widespread clinical application.Consequently,surrogate indices derived from fasting and post-load glucose and insulin levels have been developed to estimate IR,facilitating early detection and risk stratification in metabolic disorders.This mini-review discusses the clinical utility,strengths,and limitations of key IR indices,including the homeostasis model assessment of IR,quantitative insulin sensitivity check index,Matsuda index,and triglyceride-glucose index.Overall,the evidence presented to date suggests that these indices provide valuable estimates of IR in various popula-tions.Yet,their applicability varies depending on ethnic background,disease status,and clinical setting.Integrating these indices into routine clinical practice and research could improve metabolic risk assessment and guide preventive interventions.Further investigations are necessary to refine their accuracy and determine optimal cut-off values for various populations.展开更多
Over the past six decades,the implementation of soil and water conservation measures has significantly reduced soil erosion and sediment yield on the Loess Plateau,China.However,while the overall reduction is well-doc...Over the past six decades,the implementation of soil and water conservation measures has significantly reduced soil erosion and sediment yield on the Loess Plateau,China.However,while the overall reduction is well-documented,the dynamic interplay between soil erosion potential and sediment connectivity,specifically how they spatially covary under land use/cover changes,remains insufficiently understood.To address this gap,this study established a model framework by integrating the revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE),index of connectivity(IC),and sediment delivery ratio(SDR)to evaluate the spatio-temporal variations in soil erosion and sediment yield in the Hantaichuan Watershed,northern Loess Plateau,China,from 1995 to 2020 and to estimate the effects of land use/cover changes and check dam construction on sediment yield.The results revealed that the soil erosion in the Hantaichuan Watershed decreased by 43.90% from 1995 to 2020 and the sediment yield decreased by 69.28% under the combination of land use/cover changes and check dam construction.The IC and soil erosion(IC-SE)map revealed both the coupling and decoupling covariation relationships between sediment connectivity and soil erosion.By 2020,areas with high connectivity and high erosion(I-E)covered only 18.67% of the watershed,while contributed more than 40.00% to the total erosion.The I-E zones were mainly located in the central part of the watershed where aeolian sands derived from the Hobq Desert are concentrated and were identified as critical areas for soil and water conservation.This study provides support for priority management of watershed conservation measures as well as a valuable reference for future studies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71661147001 and 71603228)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M630687 and 2018T110607)the Zhejiang University-IFPRI Center for International Development Studies。
文摘Decentralized methods for targeting poverty are widely adopted in developing countries to improve the performance of various poverty alleviation programs.A common challenge for implementing successful decentralized targeting is the existence of elite capture.China has recently implemented a nationwide decentralized poverty targeting program,the targeted poverty alleviation(TPA)policy,to achieve the national goal of eliminating absolute poverty by the end of 2020.As the largest decentralized poverty targeting program in the world,TPA's successful implementation was believed to be threatened by elite capture in some earlier reports.Since 2015,a targeting correction mechanism,called"follow-up checks"policy,has been introduced.With the"follow-up checks"policy,the elites and other ineligible households who receive benefits under TPA were removed from the program.This paper investigates the elite capture phenomenon in TPA using village census data from a poverty-stricken county in 2017-two years after implementing the"follow-up checks"policy.We find no evidence of elite capture in TPA.The elites are unlikely to become beneficiaries or receive more benefits than non-elites.Our results contradict earlier findings that reported elite capture in TPA.We argue that the reason is the accountability emphasized by the central government in the"follow-up checks"policy.Our findings imply that having proper accountability is critical for improving targeting performance by global antipoverty initiatives.
文摘You can use the word“check”in many ways.When you check into something,you find out more about it.When you check something out,you look at that thing carefully.To check out a place,you may actually go there.When you check in on someone,you go to their place.You may ask,“How are you doing?”
文摘People read many things online these days.It's an easy way to get a lot of information fast.They look at news,see posts and watch videos.But how much of the information is true?Some things online are fake.So it's important to check the facts before you believe or share anything.You can ask people or look at other sources first.Check newspapers or official websites.Always think carefully before you believe something online.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No. 2017YFA0700604the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 61632015 and 61690204partially supported by the Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, and Nanjing University Innovation and Creative Program for Ph.D. Candidate under Grant No. 2016014.
文摘Missing checks for untrusted inputs used in security-sensitive operations is one of the major causes of various vulnerabilities. Efficiently detecting and repairing missing checks are essential for prognosticating potential vulnerabilities and improving code reliability. We propose a systematic static analysis approach to detect missing checks for manipulable data used in security-sensitive operations of C/C++ programs and recommend repair references. First, customized securitysensitive operations are located by lightweight static analysis. Then, the assailability of sensitive data used in securitysensitive operations is determined via taint analysis. And, the existence and the risk degree of missing checks are assessed. Finally, the repair references for high-risk missing checks are recommended. We implemented the approach into an automated and cross-platform tool named Vanguard based on Clang/LLVM 3.6.0. Large-scale experimental evaluation on open-source projects has shown its effectiveness and efficiency. Furthermore, Vanguard has helped us uncover five known vulnerabilities and 12 new bugs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:42330719National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:U2443228+1 种基金Power Construction Corporation of China,Grant/Award Number:DJ-ZDXM-2021-51China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Grant/Award Number:GE121003A0042022。
文摘Check dams are widely constructed on China's Loess Plateau,which had a total number of 58,776 by the end of 2019.Great achievements in check dam construction have been gained regarding the economic and environmental impacts.This study reviews the remarkable benefits of check dams on the land reclamation and environmental improvement on the Loess Plateau,and sediment reduction entering the Yellow River.However,the flood incidents on check dams have been frequently reported for the past decades,which has attracted more attention in the context of climate change and extreme rainfall events recently.Advances in the flood migration techniques achieved by the research group led by the first author have been highlighted to migrate the breach risk of check dams due to floods.The“family tree method”has been proposed to determine the survival status and critical rainfall threshold of each check dam in the complicated dam system.An updated dam breach flood evaluation framework and the corresponding numerical algorithm(i.e.,DB-IWHR)have been developed.Moreover,innovative types of water-release facilities for check dams,including geobag stepped spillway and prestressed concrete cylinder pipe in the underlying conduit,have been proposed and developed.Finally,the perspectives concerning the check dam construction on the Loess Plateau have been put forward.
文摘Crime scene investigation(CSI)is an important link in the criminal justice system as it serves as a bridge between establishing the happenings during an incident and possibly identifying the accountable persons,providing light in the dark.The International Organization for Standardization(ISO)and the International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC)collaborated to develop the ISO/IEC 17020:2012 standard to govern the quality of CSI,a branch of inspection activity.These protocols include the impartiality and competence of the crime scene investigators involved,contemporary recording of scene observations and data obtained,the correct use of resources during scene processing,forensic evidence collection and handling procedures,and the confidentiality and integrity of any scene information obtained from other parties etc.The preparatory work,the accreditation processes involved and the implementation of new quality measures to the existing quality management system in order to achieve the ISO/IE 17020:2012 accreditation at the Forensic Science Division of the Government Laboratory in Hong Kong are discussed in this paper.
文摘Chinese Chemical Letters(CCL)(ISSN 1001-8417) was founded in July 1990. The journal publishes preliminary accounts in the whole field of chemistry, including inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, polymer chemistry, applied chemistry, etc., satisfying a real and urgent need for the dissemination of research results, especially hot topics. The journal does not accept articles previously published or scheduled to be published. To verify originality, your article may be checked by the originality detection service CrossCheck.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under project 2022YFB2702901the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation under grants 2024GXNSFDA010064 and 2024GXNSFAA010453+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under projects 62172119,62362013,U21A20467 and 72192801Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under grant LZ23F020012Innovation Project of GUET Graduate Education under grants 2023YCXS070the Guangxi Young Teachers'Basic Ability Improvement Program under grant 2024KY0224Lion Rock Labs of Cyberspace Security under grant LRL24-1-C003one of the research outcomes of the Xiong'an Autonomous and Controllable Blockchain Underlying Technology Platform Project(2020).
文摘The immutability is a crucial property for blockchain applications,however,it also leads to problems such as the inability to revise illegal data on the blockchain and delete private data.Although redactable blockchains enable on-chain modification,they suffer from inefficiency and excessive centralization,the majority of redactable blockchain schemes ignore the difficult problems of traceability and consistency check.In this paper,we present a Dynamically Redactable Blockchain based on decentralized Chameleon hash(DRBC).Specifically,we propose an Identity-Based Decentralized Chameleon Hash(IDCH)and a Version-Based Transaction structure(VT)to realize the traceability of transaction modifications in a decentralized environment.Then,we propose an efficient block consistency check protocol based on the Bloom filter tree,which can realize the consistency check of transactions with extremely low time and space cost.Security analysis and experiment results demonstrate the reliability of DRBC and its significant advantages in a decentralized environment.
基金Supported by the Construction Fund of Key Medical Disciplines of Hangzhou,No.2025HZGF05the Key R and D Program of Zhejiang Province,No.2023C03054 and No.2024C03048+1 种基金the Key Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine(Digestive Diseases)in Zhejiang Province,No.2024-XK-61the Zhejiang Province Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2021KY848.
文摘BACKGROUND Bacterial contamination during colonoscopy is a significant concern,yet few studies have evaluated bacterial aerosols.This study aimed to determine whether covering the biopsy hole check valve with enzymolysis gauze(refers to sterile gauze soaked in a multi-enzyme cleaning solution)reduces bacterial air pollution in endoscopy rooms.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of an enzymolysis gauze cover in reducing bacterial aerosols from the biopsy valve.METHODS This prospective,single-blind trial included 80 patients undergoing elective diagnostic colonoscopy.During the procedure,the biopsy hole check valve was either covered or left uncovered with enzymolysis gauze.Air samples(100 L)were collected at a distance of 30 cm from the biopsy hole check valve and approximately 140 cm above the floor using a percussive air sampling instrument.Gram-positive bacteria were cultured on standard 90 mm colimycin nalidixic agar blood plates.The primary outcome measures were bacterial load and species identification.RESULTS Covering the biopsy hole check valve with enzymolysis gauze reduced bacterial load near the check valve from 50 colony-forming unit(CFU)/m^(3)[interquartile range(IQR):30-80]to 20 CFU/m^(3)(IQR:10-20).At the end of the procedure each day,covering the valve also decreased bacterial load in the endoscopy room from 35 CFU/m^(3)(IQR:33-85)to 10 CFU/m^(3)(IQR:5-10).The predominant bacteria identified were Gram-positive cocci.CONCLUSION Applying enzymolysis gauze to cover the biopsy hole check valve significantly reduces bacterial aerosol contamination in endoscopy rooms during colonoscopy.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M670469)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFB1803303,No.2020YFB1806702).
文摘Linear programming(LP)decoding is a classic decoding method for linear block codes,and has attracted recent researches because its potential in joint channel processing.However,for polar codes,LP decoders has long been outperformed by CRCaided successive cancellation list(CA-SCL)decoders.To increase the competitiveness of 5G NR LP polar decoding,it is possible to gain performance improvements by exploiting the cyclic redundancy check(CRC)setup.In this paper,we propose a combined scheme of reduced sparsified factor graph-sparsified CRC(RSFG-SCRC)and augmented generator matrix-CRC(AGM-CRC),for polytope generation in adaptive linear programming(ALP)decoder for 5G polar codes.Augmented generator matrix(AGM)polytope and improved maximum cycle strategy-auxiliary node pairs 4(MCS-ANP-4)algorithm are proposed,to make efficient use of CRC constraints and minimize the constraint size for the decoder.Numerical simulations show that adaptive linear programming decoders with our proposed RSFG-SCRC and AGM-CRC polytopes can achieve significantly better block error rate(BLER)performance than a benchmark CA-SCL-8 decoder especially in harsh low-to-medium SNR regions.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of citicoline sodium capsules on patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI)and its safety.Methods:This study is a multicenter,single-arm,prospective,observational study of brain trauma patients who met the inclusion criteria between March 2023 and June 2024 and who could be treated with citicoline sodium capsules after being evaluated by the investigator.The Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)and Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),the incidence of adverse drug reactions/adverse events during treatment,and the abnormalities of safety tests with clinical evaluation significance were observed at 1 month and 2 months after treatment.Results:A total of 2806 patients,63.1%of whom were male,with an average age of 58.85 years old.The GCS and MMSE scores of the patients at 1 month and 2 months after treatment were significantly improved and were statistically significant,indicating that citicoline sodium had a significant effect on improving the state of consciousness and cognitive function of patients with TBI.Only 8 adverse reactions were reported in the study,all of which were mild gastrointestinal reactions and anaphylaxis,and did not lead to treatment interruption or serious consequences.Conclusion:Citicoline sodium has a significant therapeutic effect on patients with TBI and has good safety.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12175106 and 92365110)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX23-1028)。
文摘Hybrid entangled states(HESs),which involve different particles with various degrees of freedom,have garnered significant attention and been applied in a wide range of quantum technologies.However,similar to other categories of entanglement,maximally HESs inevitably degrade to mixed states due to the environmental noise and operational imperfections.To address the degradation problem,measurement-based entanglement purification offers a feasible and robust solution alternative to conventional gate-based purification methods.In this paper,we propose a measurement-based hybrid entanglement purification protocol(MB-HEPP)for a certain kind of HES which consists of polarization photons and coherent states.We extend our methodology to several conditions,such as the multi-copy and multi-party scenarios,and the photon-loss condition.Compared with previous HEPPs,this protocol has several advantages.First,it does not depend on post-selection and the purified HESs can be retained for further application.Second,it does not require the Bell state measurement,but only uses the parity check with conventional linear optical elements,which makes it have the higher success probability and more feasible.Our MB-HEPP has potential applications in future heterogeneous quantum networks.
文摘Dear Editor,The Veterans Health Administration(VHA)plays a crucial role in the U.S.healthcare system,particularly for a population with a high prevalence of skin cancer[1].Timely total body skin examination(TBSE)is vital for managing cutaneous malignancies[2].Despite National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)guidelines advocating regular TBSE post-diagnosis[3].
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.51878156,received by Wenwei Wang).
文摘To meticulously dissect the cracking issue in the transverse diaphragm concrete,situated at the anchor point of a colossal large-span,single cable plane cable-stayed bridge,this research paper adopts an innovative layered modeling analysis methodology for numerical simulations.The approach is structured into three distinct layers,each tailored to address specific aspects of the cracking phenomenon.The foundational first layer model operates under the assumption of linear elasticity,adhering to the Saint Venant principle.It narrows its focus to the crucial zone between the Bp20 transverse diaphragm and the central axis of pier 4’s support,encompassing the critically cracked diaphragm beneath the N1 cable anchor.This layer provides a preliminary estimate of potential cracking zones within the concrete,serving as a baseline for further analysis.The second layer model builds upon this foundation by incorporating material plasticity into its considerations.It pinpoints its investigation to the immediate vicinity of the cracked transverse diaphragm associated with the N1 cable,aiming to capture the intricate material behavior under stress.This layer’s predictions of crack locations and patterns exhibit a remarkable alignment with actual detection results,confirming its precision and reliability.The third and most intricate layer delves deep into the heart of the matter,examining the cracked transverse diaphragm precisely where the cable force attains its maximum intensity.By leveraging advanced extended finite element technology,this layer offers an unprecedented level of detail in tracing the progression of concrete cracks.Its findings reveal a close correlation between predicted and observed crack widths,validating the model’s proficiency in simulating real-world cracking dynamics.Crucially,the boundary conditions for each layer are meticulously aligned with those of the overarching model,ensuring consistency and integrity throughout the analysis.These results not only enrich our understanding of the cracking mechanisms but also underscore the efficacy of reinforcing cracked concrete sections with external steel plates.In conclusion,this study represents a significant contribution to the field of bridge engineering,offering both theoretical insights and practical solutions for addressing similar challenges.
基金jointly funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (2024YFC3012705)the CAS Light of West China Program (Grant Recipient:Wanyu Zhao)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.42201095)the Postdoctoral Research Project Special Funding of Sichuan (Grant No.TB2023028)。
文摘The implementation of the cascade check dam system, which integrates beam and closed-type dams, has been extensively adopted as a pivotal engineering measure for mitigating debris flow in Southwest China. In the post-debris flow events, it is imperative to quantitatively assess the volume of sediment volume captured by the cascade check dams and to monitor their impact on sediment dynamics. This study investigates the cascade check dams in Guanmenzi Gully, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province in Southwest China, surveying the reservoir topography of the dams on two occasions over a fiveyear period. The #3 closed-type dam, located in the upper upstream, the #2 closed-type dam, located in the middle stream(which was manually cleaned), and the beam dam, located in the downstream were all surveyed. A simplified yet accurate method was developed to estimate sediment volume within check dam reservoirs under complex topographic conditions. A combination of terrestrial surveys and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) based surveys was employed, resulting in the acquisition of two high-resolution Digital Elevation Models(DEMs) at different temporal intervals. The utilization of DEMs of Difference(DoD) facilitated the quantification of terrain variations and the sediment transport. The following conclusions were obtained: firstly, it was found that the volume of sediment trapped in the reservoirs of #2 closed-type dam and #1 beam dam were almost the same, with #3 closed-type dam being the smallest. The validation of the results in conjunction with the geometric method demonstrated that the percentage error was less than 7%, proving the reliability of the results. In addition, an analysis of changes in the detailed topography of the reservoirs revealed that the sediment deposit occurred in areas distant from the structures, while erosion exhibited concentration in specific areas close to the dams. The percentage volume of sediment deposit was found to be significantly higher than that of erosion(all higher than 85%). Furthermore, the excessive sediment deposition reduces the storage capacity of closed-type check dams, whereas in the case of beam dams, the maximum erosion amount in the reservoir is 35.8 m^(3) and the percentage of the maximum erosion amount is 14.00%. This suggests that the self-cleaning of beam dam can effectively slow down the sediment deposition process. Finally, the current study proposes an expression for storage capacity composition and suggests that, in engineering practice, emphasis should be placed on maintenance programs that synergize manual cleaning and self-cleaning of open-type check dams. The conclusions may facilitate the refinement of maintenance strategies of cascade check dams, thereby effectively preventing and mitigating debris flows.
文摘Insulin resistance(IR)is widely recognized as a key contributor to metabolic disorders,and various surrogate indices have been developed to estimate IR in clinical and research settings.The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp is considered the gold standard method for assessing insulin resistance due to its precision;however,its complexity limits its widespread clinical application.Consequently,surrogate indices derived from fasting and post-load glucose and insulin levels have been developed to estimate IR,facilitating early detection and risk stratification in metabolic disorders.This mini-review discusses the clinical utility,strengths,and limitations of key IR indices,including the homeostasis model assessment of IR,quantitative insulin sensitivity check index,Matsuda index,and triglyceride-glucose index.Overall,the evidence presented to date suggests that these indices provide valuable estimates of IR in various popula-tions.Yet,their applicability varies depending on ethnic background,disease status,and clinical setting.Integrating these indices into routine clinical practice and research could improve metabolic risk assessment and guide preventive interventions.Further investigations are necessary to refine their accuracy and determine optimal cut-off values for various populations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42077076, 42177323)the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaYellow River Water Science Research Joint Fund (U2243211)。
文摘Over the past six decades,the implementation of soil and water conservation measures has significantly reduced soil erosion and sediment yield on the Loess Plateau,China.However,while the overall reduction is well-documented,the dynamic interplay between soil erosion potential and sediment connectivity,specifically how they spatially covary under land use/cover changes,remains insufficiently understood.To address this gap,this study established a model framework by integrating the revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE),index of connectivity(IC),and sediment delivery ratio(SDR)to evaluate the spatio-temporal variations in soil erosion and sediment yield in the Hantaichuan Watershed,northern Loess Plateau,China,from 1995 to 2020 and to estimate the effects of land use/cover changes and check dam construction on sediment yield.The results revealed that the soil erosion in the Hantaichuan Watershed decreased by 43.90% from 1995 to 2020 and the sediment yield decreased by 69.28% under the combination of land use/cover changes and check dam construction.The IC and soil erosion(IC-SE)map revealed both the coupling and decoupling covariation relationships between sediment connectivity and soil erosion.By 2020,areas with high connectivity and high erosion(I-E)covered only 18.67% of the watershed,while contributed more than 40.00% to the total erosion.The I-E zones were mainly located in the central part of the watershed where aeolian sands derived from the Hobq Desert are concentrated and were identified as critical areas for soil and water conservation.This study provides support for priority management of watershed conservation measures as well as a valuable reference for future studies.
