Geological strength index(GSI)has been widely used as an input parameter in predicting the strength and deformation properties of rock masses.This study derived a series of equations to satisfy the original GSI lines ...Geological strength index(GSI)has been widely used as an input parameter in predicting the strength and deformation properties of rock masses.This study derived a series of equations to satisfy the original GSI lines on the basic GSI chart.Two axes ranging from 0 to 100 were employed for surface conditions of the discontinuities and the structure of rock mass,which are independent of the input parameters.The derived equations can analyze GSI values ranging from 0 to 100 within±5%error.The engineering dimensions(EDs)such as the slope height,tunnel width,and foundation width were used together with representative elementary volume(REV)in jointed rock mass to define scale factor(sf)from 0.2 to 1 in evaluating the rock mass structure including joint pattern.The transformation of GSI into a scaledependent parameter based on engineering scale addresses a crucial requirement in various engineering applications.The improvements proposed in this study were applied to a real slope which was close to the time of failure.The results of stability assessments show that the new proposals have sufficient capability to define rock mass quality considering EDs.展开更多
This study aims to examine the explicit solution for calculating the Average Run Length(ARL)on the triple exponentially weighted moving average(TEWMA)control chart applied to autoregressive model(AR(p)),where AR(p)is ...This study aims to examine the explicit solution for calculating the Average Run Length(ARL)on the triple exponentially weighted moving average(TEWMA)control chart applied to autoregressive model(AR(p)),where AR(p)is an autoregressive model of order p,representing a time series with dependencies on its p previous values.Additionally,the study evaluates the accuracy of both explicit and numerical integral equation(NIE)solutions for AR(p)using the TEWMA control chart,focusing on the absolute percentage relative error.The results indicate that the explicit and approximate solutions are in close agreement.Furthermore,the study investigates the performance of exponentially weighted moving average(EWMA)and TEWMA control charts in detecting changes in the process,using the relative mean index(RMI)as a measure.The findings demonstrate that the TEWMA control chart outperforms the EWMA control chart in detecting process changes,especially when the value ofλis sufficiently large.In addition,an analysis using historical data from the SET index between January 2024 and May 2024 and historical data of global annual plastic production,the results of both data sets also emphasize the superior performance of the TEWMA control chart.展开更多
Natural gas hydrates(hereinafter referred to as hydrates)are a promising clean energy source.However,their current development is far from reaching commercial exploitation.Reservoir stimulation tech-nology provides ne...Natural gas hydrates(hereinafter referred to as hydrates)are a promising clean energy source.However,their current development is far from reaching commercial exploitation.Reservoir stimulation tech-nology provides new approaches to enhance hydrate development effectiveness.Addressing the current lack of quantitative and objective methods for evaluating the fracability of hydrate reservoirs,this study clarifies the relationship between geological and engineering fracability and proposes a comprehensive evaluation model for hydrate reservoir fracability based on grey relational analysis and the criteria importance through intercriteria correlation method.By integrating results from hydraulic fracturing experiments on hydrate sediments,the fracability of hydrate reservoirs is assessed.The concept of critical construction parameter curves for hydrate reservoirs is introduced for the first time.Additionally,two-dimensional fracability index evaluation charts and three-dimensional fracability construction condition discrimination charts are established.The results indicate that as the comprehensive fracability index increases,the feasibility of forming fractures in hydrate reservoirs improves,and the required normalized fracturing construction parameters gradually decrease.The accuracy rate of the charts in judging experimental results reached 89.74%,enabling quick evaluations of whether hydrate reservoirs are worth fracturing,easy to fracture,and capable of being fractured.This has significant engineering implications forthehydraulicfracturingof hydratereservoirs.展开更多
This study proposes a novel approach to optimizing individual work schedules for book digitization using mixed-integer programming (MIP). By leveraging the power of MIP solvers, we aimed to minimize the overall digiti...This study proposes a novel approach to optimizing individual work schedules for book digitization using mixed-integer programming (MIP). By leveraging the power of MIP solvers, we aimed to minimize the overall digitization time while considering various constraints and process dependencies. The book digitization process involves three key steps: cutting, scanning, and binding. Each step has specific requirements and limitations such as the number of pages that can be processed simultaneously and potential bottlenecks. To address these complexities, we formulate the problem as a one-machine job shop scheduling problem with additional constraints to capture the unique characteristics of book digitization. We conducted a series of experiments to evaluate the performance of our proposed approach. By comparing the optimized schedules with the baseline approach, we demonstrated significant reductions in the overall processing time. In addition, we analyzed the impact of different weighting schemes on the optimization results, highlighting the importance of identifying and prioritizing critical processes. Our findings suggest that MIP-based optimization can be a valuable tool for improving the efficiency of individual work schedules, even in seemingly simple tasks, such as book digitization. By carefully considering specific constraints and objectives, we can save time and leverage resources by carefully considering specific constraints and objectives.展开更多
Extracting data from visually rich documents and charts using traditional methods that rely on OCR-based parsing poses multiple challenges,including layout complexity in unstructured formats,limitations in recognizing...Extracting data from visually rich documents and charts using traditional methods that rely on OCR-based parsing poses multiple challenges,including layout complexity in unstructured formats,limitations in recognizing visual elements,and the correlation between different parts of the documents,as well as domain-specific semantics.Simply extracting text is not sufficient;advanced reasoning capabilities are proving to be essential to analyze content and answer questions accurately.This paper aims to evaluate the ability of the Large Language Models(LLMs)to correctly answer questions about various types of charts,comparing their performance when using images as input versus directly parsing PDF files.To retrieve the images from the PDF,ColPali,a model leveraging state-of-the-art visual languagemodels,is used to identify the relevant page containing the appropriate chart for each question.Google’s Gemini multimodal models were used to answer a set of questions through two approaches:1)processing images derived from PDF documents and 2)directly utilizing the content of the same PDFs.Our findings underscore the limitations of traditional OCR-based approaches in visual document understanding(VrDU)and demonstrate the advantages of multimodal methods in both data extraction and reasoning tasks.Through structured benchmarking of chart question answering(CQA)across input formats,our work contributes to the advancement of chart understanding(CU)and the broader field of multimodal document analysis.Using two diverse and information-rich sources:the World Health Statistics 2024 report by theWorld Health Organisation and the Global Banking Annual Review 2024 by McKinsey&Company,we examine the performance ofmultimodal LLMs across different input modalities,comparing their effectiveness in processing charts as images versus parsing directly from PDF content.These documents were selected due to their multimodal nature,combining dense textual analysis with varied visual representations,thus presenting realistic challenges for vision-language models.This comparison is aimed at assessing how advanced models perform with different input formats and to determine if an image-based approach enhances chart comprehension in terms of accurate data extraction and reasoning capabilities.展开更多
The quality control chart of fructo-oligosaccharides in milk powder was established to determine whether the detection process and results are in control state.The content of fructo-oligosaccharides in milk powder con...The quality control chart of fructo-oligosaccharides in milk powder was established to determine whether the detection process and results are in control state.The content of fructo-oligosaccharides in milk powder control samples was determined by ion chromatography,and the quality control chart of fructo-oligosaccharides was established to analyze the controlled state.The results indicate that the median of the quality control chart is 1613.14 mg/100 g,and the standard deviation is 85.57 mg/100 g.The new quality control points were evaluated and analyzed,and the precision changed,but the mean value did not change.Further F test was conducted to determine that the precision did not change significantly,indicating that the test was in a statistical control state,and the detection process,method and results were controlled.展开更多
The wave attenuation performance of a floating breakwater is important in engineering applications.On the basis of potential flow theory,the analytical and simplified solutions of the transmission coefficient of a flo...The wave attenuation performance of a floating breakwater is important in engineering applications.On the basis of potential flow theory,the analytical and simplified solutions of the transmission coefficient of a floating breakwater are deduced via velocity potential decompositions and eigenfunction expansions.The effects of the floating breakwater configuration,working sea state and motion response on the wave attenuation performance are described,facilitating a deeper investigation into the wave attenuation mechanism of the breakwater.The results indicate that the width and draft of the breakwater,incident wavelength,and motion response significantly affect the transmission coefficient of the breakwater.The wave passability rate,α1(α1=0.5−2B/L),is defined to qualitatively explain why long-period waves are difficult to control and attenuate.The radiation effect caused by the motion of the floating breakwater on the transmission coefficient is relatively complex,and the wave attenuation efficiency of the breakwater can be improved by optimizing the motion response.The incident wavelength and breakwater width are selected as the control parameters,and transmission coefficient charts of the floating breakwater for two-dimensional conditions are drawn,providing technical guidance for the configuration selection and design of the floating breakwater.展开更多
The research on rolling bearing early fault detection is mainly focused on degradation index extraction and adaptive setting of alarm threshold.The mainstream methods are to extract degradation indicators based on ada...The research on rolling bearing early fault detection is mainly focused on degradation index extraction and adaptive setting of alarm threshold.The mainstream methods are to extract degradation indicators based on adaptive features and set adaptive alarm thresholds based on the Shewhart control chart.However,the adaptive feature extraction method does not consider the correlation between features,and the Shewhart control chart is not sensitive to small fluctuations caused by early faults.In this study,a rolling bearing early fault detection method based on a feature clustering fusion degradation index is proposed.The multidomain statistical features are extracted to form the initial feature set,and the improved hierarchical clustering algorithm is combined with the feature evaluation index to select features to form a preferred feature subset,to ensure the richness of index information and reduce redundancy.After the construction of the degradation index,to suppress the interference caused by nonstationary and abnormal shocks in early fault detection,the accurate evaluation method and anomaly determination strategy of control chart parameters are studied,and an improved exponential weighted move average control chart is designed to monitor the degradation index.The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified by public data sets.This research provides a rolling bearing early fault detection method,which can provide comprehensive degradation indicators,eliminate interference caused by random anomalies and running in periods,and achieve an accurate detection of early bearing failures.展开更多
The International Commission on Stratigraphy(ICS)has been producing and updating its International Chro-nostratigraphic Chart for several decades.The chart communicates higher-order divisions of geological time and ac...The International Commission on Stratigraphy(ICS)has been producing and updating its International Chro-nostratigraphic Chart for several decades.The chart communicates higher-order divisions of geological time and actual knowledge on the numerical ages of their bound-aries.Distributed via the ICS website www.stratigraphy.org the chart promotes use in graphic,tabulated and further digital forms in multiple languages.This paper is a status update,eleven years since the last such publication,cov-ering activities between 2012 and 2024.Chart updates during the past decade have echoed the ICS’s primary objective of precisely defining a global standard set of time-correlative units(Systems,Series,Stages)for stratigraphic successions worldwide.These units are,in turn,the basis for the Periods,Epochs,and Ages of the Geological Time Scale.Their standardization is fundamental for expressing geological knowledge,in application and education,out-reach and continuing research.The chart offers a frame-work through which regional-scale higher-resolution divisions can be linked,equated and collated.Likewise it offers a framework for digital representation of the Geological Time Scale.Maintenance and distribution of chart versions on the web has been a manual endeavour,a process that ICS is upgrading to serve an increasingly digital world.展开更多
BACKGROUND Restless legs syndrome(RLS)is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs during rest.Standard treatments may provide short-term relief but are limited by long-term adve...BACKGROUND Restless legs syndrome(RLS)is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs during rest.Standard treatments may provide short-term relief but are limited by long-term adverse effects.Herbal medicine containing Paeoniae Radix(HCP)has traditionally been used in Korean medicine to treat RLS symptoms.AIM To investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of HCP in treating RLS.METHODS This retrospective chart review study included 15 patients with RLS who were treated with HCP between September 2017 and August 2022 at the Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital.The demographic,disease-related,and treatment-related characteristics,as well as the impressions of each patient,were analyzed.The study also evaluated the changes in the subjective complaints of RLS symptoms,the Korean version of the International Restless Legs Scale(KIRLS)scores before and after treatment,and the adverse events after HCP administration.RESULTS Following HCP administration,14 patients(93.3%)experienced a decrease in the degree of discomfort associated with their symptoms,with an average reduction to 44.7±35.1%compared to their discomfort levels before taking the drug.After treatment,the mean total K-IRLS score decreased significantly from 23.00±9.75 to 13.93±10.9(P=0.005).Among the HCP,a significant reduction in the K-IRLS score was observed in the Gyejibokryeonghwan(26.0±9.7 to 10.0±9.4,P=0.028)and Jakyakgamchotang(23.2±12.6 to 6.6±4.2,P=0.042)groups.Additionally,no adverse events were reported.CONCLUSION HCP improved symptoms in RLS patients.These results suggest that HCP may be an effective and safe alternative for RLS.A randomized controlled trial is required to confirm these findings.展开更多
This study presents an innovative development of the exponentially weighted moving average(EWMA)control chart,explicitly adapted for the examination of time series data distinguished by seasonal autoregressive moving ...This study presents an innovative development of the exponentially weighted moving average(EWMA)control chart,explicitly adapted for the examination of time series data distinguished by seasonal autoregressive moving average behavior—SARMA(1,1)L under exponential white noise.Unlike previous works that rely on simplified models such as AR(1)or assume independence,this research derives for the first time an exact two-sided Average Run Length(ARL)formula for theModified EWMAchart under SARMA(1,1)L conditions,using a mathematically rigorous Fredholm integral approach.The derived formulas are validated against numerical integral equation(NIE)solutions,showing strong agreement and significantly reduced computational burden.Additionally,a performance comparison index(PCI)is introduced to assess the chart’s detection capability.Results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits superior sensitivity to mean shifts in autocorrelated environments,outperforming existing approaches.The findings offer a new,efficient framework for real-time quality control in complex seasonal processes,with potential applications in environmental monitoring and intelligent manufacturing systems.展开更多
In the context of post-stimulation shale gas wells,the terms“shut-in”and“flowback”refer to two critical phases that occur after hydraulic fracturing(fracking)has been completed.These stages play a crucial role in ...In the context of post-stimulation shale gas wells,the terms“shut-in”and“flowback”refer to two critical phases that occur after hydraulic fracturing(fracking)has been completed.These stages play a crucial role in determining both the well’s initial production performance and its long-term hydrocarbon recovery.By establishing a comprehensive big data analysis platform,the flowback dynamics of over 1000 shale gas wells were analyzed in this work,leading to the development of an index system for evaluating flowback production capacity.Additionally,a shut-in chart was created for wells with different types of post-stimulation fracture networks,providing a structured approach to optimizing production strategies.A dynamic analysis method for flowback was also developed,using daily pressure drop and artificial fracture conductivity as key indicators.This method offers a systematic and effective approach to managing the shut-in and flowback processes for gas wells.Field trials demonstrated significant improvements:the probability of sand production was reduced,gas breakthrough time was extended,artificial fracture conductivity was enhanced,and the average estimated ultimate recovery(EUR)per well increased.展开更多
Exploration and development of large gas fields is an important way for a country to rapidly develop its natural gas industry.From 1991 to 2020,China discovered 68 new large gas fields,boosting its annual gas output t...Exploration and development of large gas fields is an important way for a country to rapidly develop its natural gas industry.From 1991 to 2020,China discovered 68 new large gas fields,boosting its annual gas output to 1925×108m3in 2020,making it the fourth largest gas-producing country in the world.Based on 1696 molecular components and carbon isotopic composition data of alkane gas in 70 large gas fields in China,the characteristics of carbon isotopic composition of alkane gas in large gas fields in China were obtained.The lightest and average values ofδ^(13)C_(1),δ13C2,δ13C3andδ13C4become heavier with increasing carbon number,while the heaviest values ofδ^(13)C_(1),δ13C2,δ13C3andδ13C4become lighter with increasing carbon number.Theδ^(13)C_(1)values of large gas fields in China range from-71.2‰to-11.4‰(specifically,from-71.2‰to-56.4‰for bacterial gas,from-54.4‰to-21.6‰for oil-related gas,from-49.3‰to-18.9‰for coal-derived gas,and from-35.6‰to-11.4‰for abiogenic gas).Based on these data,theδ^(13)C_(1)chart of large gas fields in China was plotted.Moreover,theδ^(13)C_(1)values of natural gas in China range from-107.1‰to-8.9‰,specifically,from-1071%o to-55.1‰for bacterial gas,from-54.4‰to-21.6‰for oil-related gas,from-49.3‰to-13.3‰for coal-derived gas,and from-36.2‰to-8.9‰for abiogenic gas.Based on these data,theδ^(13)C_(1)chart of natural gas in China was plotted.展开更多
Narrative medicine has gained significant attention in recent decades.The similarities between“parallel charts”and“medical cases”in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)primarily lie in their authenticity.However,they...Narrative medicine has gained significant attention in recent decades.The similarities between“parallel charts”and“medical cases”in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)primarily lie in their authenticity.However,they differ in structure and narrative methods.Furthermore,medical case teaching is a prevalent pedagogical approach in TCM education that practitioners must master.This study explores the connection between TCM medical case teaching and narrative medicine,and concludes that the evolution of modern TCM case teaching aligns with the international standards of narrative medicine while integrating key TCM characteristics to enhance its value.This approach is essential for fostering humanistic sentiments,empathy,and reflective capabilities among future well-rounded TCM practitioners.展开更多
The environmental load chart is an important technical support required for the jack-up drilling platform to facilitate its adaptation to different operating waters and ensure the safety of operation.This chart is a c...The environmental load chart is an important technical support required for the jack-up drilling platform to facilitate its adaptation to different operating waters and ensure the safety of operation.This chart is a crucial part of the platform operation manual.The chart data are closely related to external factors such as water depth,wind,wave,and current conditions of the working water,as well as to the structural characteristics of the platform itself and the number of variable loads.This study examines the platform state under extreme wind,wave,and current conditions during preloading.In addition,this study focuses on the difference between the ultimate reaction force of the pile leg during preloading and the reaction force of the pile leg without considering any environmental load before preloading.Furthermore,the relationship between the difference and the new reaction force of the pile leg caused by the combination of different environmental conditions is established to facilitate the construction of a new form of environmental load chart.The newly formed chart is flexible and simple;thus,it can be used to evaluate the environmental adaptability of the platform in the target well location and provides the preloading target demand or variable load limit according to the given environmental constraints.Moreover,the platform can perform personalized preloading operations,thereby improving its capability to cope with complex geological conditions,such as reducing punch-through risks.This condition reduces the load on jacking system devices and increases its service life.展开更多
A common reclamation practice for closed coal surface mines is filling them with water to form pit lakes.The creation and sustainability of these lakes are significantly affected by the stability of the corresponding ...A common reclamation practice for closed coal surface mines is filling them with water to form pit lakes.The creation and sustainability of these lakes are significantly affected by the stability of the corresponding slopes.The present study provides a general framework for analyzing the water filling’s effect on slope stability based on a new water filling index,which can indirectly consider the factors affecting the process and efficiently quantify the filling speed’s influence.The assumptions of the proposed approach are thoroughly discussed,and the range of the water filling index is identified.Furthermore,the safety factor is calculated using the finite element method with the shear strength reduction technique during the filling process for various conditions(soil properties,slope geometry,hydraulic conditions,and water filling speed).Results are presented as normalized stability charts for practical use.During the water filling,the stability gradually decreases until the reservoir reaches a critical level of 10%e40%of the total height;it then increases to even more stable conditions than the initial one.Overall,the present analysis allows for the preliminary stability evaluation of a coal mine during the formation of a pit lake and the appropriate quantification of the water filling’s effect.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the efficacy of a new visual acuity(VA)screening method,the baby vision test for young children.METHODS:A total 105 eyes of 65 children aged 2-8y were included in the study.Acuity testing was conduc...AIM:To investigate the efficacy of a new visual acuity(VA)screening method,the baby vision test for young children.METHODS:A total 105 eyes of 65 children aged 2-8y were included in the study.Acuity testing was conducted using a standardized recognition acuity chart(Snellen visual chart:at 3 m)and the baby vision model assessment.The baby vision device includes a screen,a near infrared camera and a computer.Children were seated at a measured distance of 33-40 cm from a display for testing.VA was estimated according to the highest resolution the children could follow.Decimal VA data were converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(logMAR)for statistical analysis.The VA results for each child were recorded and analyzed for consistency.RESULTS:The mean VA measured using the Snellen visual chart was 0.62±0.32,and that assessed using the baby vision test was 0.66±0.27.The 95%limit of agreement was-0.609 to 0.695,with 95.2%(100/105)plots within the 95%limits of agreement.VA values of the baby vision test were significantly correlated with those of the Snellen chart(R=0.274,P=0.005).CONCLUSION:The baby vision test can be used as a relatively reliable method for estimating VA in young children.This new acuity assessment might be a valid predictor of optotype-measured acuity later in preverbal children.展开更多
文摘Geological strength index(GSI)has been widely used as an input parameter in predicting the strength and deformation properties of rock masses.This study derived a series of equations to satisfy the original GSI lines on the basic GSI chart.Two axes ranging from 0 to 100 were employed for surface conditions of the discontinuities and the structure of rock mass,which are independent of the input parameters.The derived equations can analyze GSI values ranging from 0 to 100 within±5%error.The engineering dimensions(EDs)such as the slope height,tunnel width,and foundation width were used together with representative elementary volume(REV)in jointed rock mass to define scale factor(sf)from 0.2 to 1 in evaluating the rock mass structure including joint pattern.The transformation of GSI into a scaledependent parameter based on engineering scale addresses a crucial requirement in various engineering applications.The improvements proposed in this study were applied to a real slope which was close to the time of failure.The results of stability assessments show that the new proposals have sufficient capability to define rock mass quality considering EDs.
基金the National Science,Research and Innovation Fund(NSRF)King Mongkuts University of Technology North Bangkok under contract no.KMUTNB-FF-68-B-08.
文摘This study aims to examine the explicit solution for calculating the Average Run Length(ARL)on the triple exponentially weighted moving average(TEWMA)control chart applied to autoregressive model(AR(p)),where AR(p)is an autoregressive model of order p,representing a time series with dependencies on its p previous values.Additionally,the study evaluates the accuracy of both explicit and numerical integral equation(NIE)solutions for AR(p)using the TEWMA control chart,focusing on the absolute percentage relative error.The results indicate that the explicit and approximate solutions are in close agreement.Furthermore,the study investigates the performance of exponentially weighted moving average(EWMA)and TEWMA control charts in detecting changes in the process,using the relative mean index(RMI)as a measure.The findings demonstrate that the TEWMA control chart outperforms the EWMA control chart in detecting process changes,especially when the value ofλis sufficiently large.In addition,an analysis using historical data from the SET index between January 2024 and May 2024 and historical data of global annual plastic production,the results of both data sets also emphasize the superior performance of the TEWMA control chart.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52074332).
文摘Natural gas hydrates(hereinafter referred to as hydrates)are a promising clean energy source.However,their current development is far from reaching commercial exploitation.Reservoir stimulation tech-nology provides new approaches to enhance hydrate development effectiveness.Addressing the current lack of quantitative and objective methods for evaluating the fracability of hydrate reservoirs,this study clarifies the relationship between geological and engineering fracability and proposes a comprehensive evaluation model for hydrate reservoir fracability based on grey relational analysis and the criteria importance through intercriteria correlation method.By integrating results from hydraulic fracturing experiments on hydrate sediments,the fracability of hydrate reservoirs is assessed.The concept of critical construction parameter curves for hydrate reservoirs is introduced for the first time.Additionally,two-dimensional fracability index evaluation charts and three-dimensional fracability construction condition discrimination charts are established.The results indicate that as the comprehensive fracability index increases,the feasibility of forming fractures in hydrate reservoirs improves,and the required normalized fracturing construction parameters gradually decrease.The accuracy rate of the charts in judging experimental results reached 89.74%,enabling quick evaluations of whether hydrate reservoirs are worth fracturing,easy to fracture,and capable of being fractured.This has significant engineering implications forthehydraulicfracturingof hydratereservoirs.
文摘This study proposes a novel approach to optimizing individual work schedules for book digitization using mixed-integer programming (MIP). By leveraging the power of MIP solvers, we aimed to minimize the overall digitization time while considering various constraints and process dependencies. The book digitization process involves three key steps: cutting, scanning, and binding. Each step has specific requirements and limitations such as the number of pages that can be processed simultaneously and potential bottlenecks. To address these complexities, we formulate the problem as a one-machine job shop scheduling problem with additional constraints to capture the unique characteristics of book digitization. We conducted a series of experiments to evaluate the performance of our proposed approach. By comparing the optimized schedules with the baseline approach, we demonstrated significant reductions in the overall processing time. In addition, we analyzed the impact of different weighting schemes on the optimization results, highlighting the importance of identifying and prioritizing critical processes. Our findings suggest that MIP-based optimization can be a valuable tool for improving the efficiency of individual work schedules, even in seemingly simple tasks, such as book digitization. By carefully considering specific constraints and objectives, we can save time and leverage resources by carefully considering specific constraints and objectives.
基金supported by a grant from the Ministry of Research,Innovation and Digitization,CNCS/CCCDI-UEFISCDI,project number COFUND-CETP-SMART-LEM-1,within PNCDI Ⅳ.
文摘Extracting data from visually rich documents and charts using traditional methods that rely on OCR-based parsing poses multiple challenges,including layout complexity in unstructured formats,limitations in recognizing visual elements,and the correlation between different parts of the documents,as well as domain-specific semantics.Simply extracting text is not sufficient;advanced reasoning capabilities are proving to be essential to analyze content and answer questions accurately.This paper aims to evaluate the ability of the Large Language Models(LLMs)to correctly answer questions about various types of charts,comparing their performance when using images as input versus directly parsing PDF files.To retrieve the images from the PDF,ColPali,a model leveraging state-of-the-art visual languagemodels,is used to identify the relevant page containing the appropriate chart for each question.Google’s Gemini multimodal models were used to answer a set of questions through two approaches:1)processing images derived from PDF documents and 2)directly utilizing the content of the same PDFs.Our findings underscore the limitations of traditional OCR-based approaches in visual document understanding(VrDU)and demonstrate the advantages of multimodal methods in both data extraction and reasoning tasks.Through structured benchmarking of chart question answering(CQA)across input formats,our work contributes to the advancement of chart understanding(CU)and the broader field of multimodal document analysis.Using two diverse and information-rich sources:the World Health Statistics 2024 report by theWorld Health Organisation and the Global Banking Annual Review 2024 by McKinsey&Company,we examine the performance ofmultimodal LLMs across different input modalities,comparing their effectiveness in processing charts as images versus parsing directly from PDF content.These documents were selected due to their multimodal nature,combining dense textual analysis with varied visual representations,thus presenting realistic challenges for vision-language models.This comparison is aimed at assessing how advanced models perform with different input formats and to determine if an image-based approach enhances chart comprehension in terms of accurate data extraction and reasoning capabilities.
基金Supported by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region's Key Research and Achievement Transformation plan (2023YFHH0093).
文摘The quality control chart of fructo-oligosaccharides in milk powder was established to determine whether the detection process and results are in control state.The content of fructo-oligosaccharides in milk powder control samples was determined by ion chromatography,and the quality control chart of fructo-oligosaccharides was established to analyze the controlled state.The results indicate that the median of the quality control chart is 1613.14 mg/100 g,and the standard deviation is 85.57 mg/100 g.The new quality control points were evaluated and analyzed,and the precision changed,but the mean value did not change.Further F test was conducted to determine that the precision did not change significantly,indicating that the test was in a statistical control state,and the detection process,method and results were controlled.
基金supported by the China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(Grant No.52025112)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52331011 and 52301322)the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.BK20220653).
文摘The wave attenuation performance of a floating breakwater is important in engineering applications.On the basis of potential flow theory,the analytical and simplified solutions of the transmission coefficient of a floating breakwater are deduced via velocity potential decompositions and eigenfunction expansions.The effects of the floating breakwater configuration,working sea state and motion response on the wave attenuation performance are described,facilitating a deeper investigation into the wave attenuation mechanism of the breakwater.The results indicate that the width and draft of the breakwater,incident wavelength,and motion response significantly affect the transmission coefficient of the breakwater.The wave passability rate,α1(α1=0.5−2B/L),is defined to qualitatively explain why long-period waves are difficult to control and attenuate.The radiation effect caused by the motion of the floating breakwater on the transmission coefficient is relatively complex,and the wave attenuation efficiency of the breakwater can be improved by optimizing the motion response.The incident wavelength and breakwater width are selected as the control parameters,and transmission coefficient charts of the floating breakwater for two-dimensional conditions are drawn,providing technical guidance for the configuration selection and design of the floating breakwater.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2023YFB4203402)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52375042)+1 种基金Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Project(Grant No.CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0078)Chongqing Transportation Technology Project(Grant No.CQJT-CZKJ2024-10).
文摘The research on rolling bearing early fault detection is mainly focused on degradation index extraction and adaptive setting of alarm threshold.The mainstream methods are to extract degradation indicators based on adaptive features and set adaptive alarm thresholds based on the Shewhart control chart.However,the adaptive feature extraction method does not consider the correlation between features,and the Shewhart control chart is not sensitive to small fluctuations caused by early faults.In this study,a rolling bearing early fault detection method based on a feature clustering fusion degradation index is proposed.The multidomain statistical features are extracted to form the initial feature set,and the improved hierarchical clustering algorithm is combined with the feature evaluation index to select features to form a preferred feature subset,to ensure the richness of index information and reduce redundancy.After the construction of the degradation index,to suppress the interference caused by nonstationary and abnormal shocks in early fault detection,the accurate evaluation method and anomaly determination strategy of control chart parameters are studied,and an improved exponential weighted move average control chart is designed to monitor the degradation index.The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified by public data sets.This research provides a rolling bearing early fault detection method,which can provide comprehensive degradation indicators,eliminate interference caused by random anomalies and running in periods,and achieve an accurate detection of early bearing failures.
文摘The International Commission on Stratigraphy(ICS)has been producing and updating its International Chro-nostratigraphic Chart for several decades.The chart communicates higher-order divisions of geological time and actual knowledge on the numerical ages of their bound-aries.Distributed via the ICS website www.stratigraphy.org the chart promotes use in graphic,tabulated and further digital forms in multiple languages.This paper is a status update,eleven years since the last such publication,cov-ering activities between 2012 and 2024.Chart updates during the past decade have echoed the ICS’s primary objective of precisely defining a global standard set of time-correlative units(Systems,Series,Stages)for stratigraphic successions worldwide.These units are,in turn,the basis for the Periods,Epochs,and Ages of the Geological Time Scale.Their standardization is fundamental for expressing geological knowledge,in application and education,out-reach and continuing research.The chart offers a frame-work through which regional-scale higher-resolution divisions can be linked,equated and collated.Likewise it offers a framework for digital representation of the Geological Time Scale.Maintenance and distribution of chart versions on the web has been a manual endeavour,a process that ICS is upgrading to serve an increasingly digital world.
基金Supported by Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI),the Ministry of Health and Welfare,Republic of Korea,No.RS-2023-KH142002.
文摘BACKGROUND Restless legs syndrome(RLS)is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs during rest.Standard treatments may provide short-term relief but are limited by long-term adverse effects.Herbal medicine containing Paeoniae Radix(HCP)has traditionally been used in Korean medicine to treat RLS symptoms.AIM To investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of HCP in treating RLS.METHODS This retrospective chart review study included 15 patients with RLS who were treated with HCP between September 2017 and August 2022 at the Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital.The demographic,disease-related,and treatment-related characteristics,as well as the impressions of each patient,were analyzed.The study also evaluated the changes in the subjective complaints of RLS symptoms,the Korean version of the International Restless Legs Scale(KIRLS)scores before and after treatment,and the adverse events after HCP administration.RESULTS Following HCP administration,14 patients(93.3%)experienced a decrease in the degree of discomfort associated with their symptoms,with an average reduction to 44.7±35.1%compared to their discomfort levels before taking the drug.After treatment,the mean total K-IRLS score decreased significantly from 23.00±9.75 to 13.93±10.9(P=0.005).Among the HCP,a significant reduction in the K-IRLS score was observed in the Gyejibokryeonghwan(26.0±9.7 to 10.0±9.4,P=0.028)and Jakyakgamchotang(23.2±12.6 to 6.6±4.2,P=0.042)groups.Additionally,no adverse events were reported.CONCLUSION HCP improved symptoms in RLS patients.These results suggest that HCP may be an effective and safe alternative for RLS.A randomized controlled trial is required to confirm these findings.
基金financially by the National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)under Contract No.N42A670894.
文摘This study presents an innovative development of the exponentially weighted moving average(EWMA)control chart,explicitly adapted for the examination of time series data distinguished by seasonal autoregressive moving average behavior—SARMA(1,1)L under exponential white noise.Unlike previous works that rely on simplified models such as AR(1)or assume independence,this research derives for the first time an exact two-sided Average Run Length(ARL)formula for theModified EWMAchart under SARMA(1,1)L conditions,using a mathematically rigorous Fredholm integral approach.The derived formulas are validated against numerical integral equation(NIE)solutions,showing strong agreement and significantly reduced computational burden.Additionally,a performance comparison index(PCI)is introduced to assess the chart’s detection capability.Results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits superior sensitivity to mean shifts in autocorrelated environments,outperforming existing approaches.The findings offer a new,efficient framework for real-time quality control in complex seasonal processes,with potential applications in environmental monitoring and intelligent manufacturing systems.
基金PetroChina Research Applied Science and Technology Project,“Shale Gas Scale Increase Production and Exploration andDevelopment Technology-Research and Application of Key Technology of Deep Shale Gas Scale Production”(No.2023ZZ21YJ01).
文摘In the context of post-stimulation shale gas wells,the terms“shut-in”and“flowback”refer to two critical phases that occur after hydraulic fracturing(fracking)has been completed.These stages play a crucial role in determining both the well’s initial production performance and its long-term hydrocarbon recovery.By establishing a comprehensive big data analysis platform,the flowback dynamics of over 1000 shale gas wells were analyzed in this work,leading to the development of an index system for evaluating flowback production capacity.Additionally,a shut-in chart was created for wells with different types of post-stimulation fracture networks,providing a structured approach to optimizing production strategies.A dynamic analysis method for flowback was also developed,using daily pressure drop and artificial fracture conductivity as key indicators.This method offers a systematic and effective approach to managing the shut-in and flowback processes for gas wells.Field trials demonstrated significant improvements:the probability of sand production was reduced,gas breakthrough time was extended,artificial fracture conductivity was enhanced,and the average estimated ultimate recovery(EUR)per well increased.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41472120)General Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(42272188)+1 种基金Special Fund of PetroChina and New Energy Branch(2023YQX10101)Petrochemical Joint Fund of Fund Committee(U20B6001)。
文摘Exploration and development of large gas fields is an important way for a country to rapidly develop its natural gas industry.From 1991 to 2020,China discovered 68 new large gas fields,boosting its annual gas output to 1925×108m3in 2020,making it the fourth largest gas-producing country in the world.Based on 1696 molecular components and carbon isotopic composition data of alkane gas in 70 large gas fields in China,the characteristics of carbon isotopic composition of alkane gas in large gas fields in China were obtained.The lightest and average values ofδ^(13)C_(1),δ13C2,δ13C3andδ13C4become heavier with increasing carbon number,while the heaviest values ofδ^(13)C_(1),δ13C2,δ13C3andδ13C4become lighter with increasing carbon number.Theδ^(13)C_(1)values of large gas fields in China range from-71.2‰to-11.4‰(specifically,from-71.2‰to-56.4‰for bacterial gas,from-54.4‰to-21.6‰for oil-related gas,from-49.3‰to-18.9‰for coal-derived gas,and from-35.6‰to-11.4‰for abiogenic gas).Based on these data,theδ^(13)C_(1)chart of large gas fields in China was plotted.Moreover,theδ^(13)C_(1)values of natural gas in China range from-107.1‰to-8.9‰,specifically,from-1071%o to-55.1‰for bacterial gas,from-54.4‰to-21.6‰for oil-related gas,from-49.3‰to-13.3‰for coal-derived gas,and from-36.2‰to-8.9‰for abiogenic gas.Based on these data,theδ^(13)C_(1)chart of natural gas in China was plotted.
基金financed by the grant from the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Clinical Medical Research Center Project(No.21MC1930500)。
文摘Narrative medicine has gained significant attention in recent decades.The similarities between“parallel charts”and“medical cases”in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)primarily lie in their authenticity.However,they differ in structure and narrative methods.Furthermore,medical case teaching is a prevalent pedagogical approach in TCM education that practitioners must master.This study explores the connection between TCM medical case teaching and narrative medicine,and concludes that the evolution of modern TCM case teaching aligns with the international standards of narrative medicine while integrating key TCM characteristics to enhance its value.This approach is essential for fostering humanistic sentiments,empathy,and reflective capabilities among future well-rounded TCM practitioners.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund under Grant No.51909148the Doctoral Research Initiation Fund of Shandong Jiaotong University under Grant No.BS2018001。
文摘The environmental load chart is an important technical support required for the jack-up drilling platform to facilitate its adaptation to different operating waters and ensure the safety of operation.This chart is a crucial part of the platform operation manual.The chart data are closely related to external factors such as water depth,wind,wave,and current conditions of the working water,as well as to the structural characteristics of the platform itself and the number of variable loads.This study examines the platform state under extreme wind,wave,and current conditions during preloading.In addition,this study focuses on the difference between the ultimate reaction force of the pile leg during preloading and the reaction force of the pile leg without considering any environmental load before preloading.Furthermore,the relationship between the difference and the new reaction force of the pile leg caused by the combination of different environmental conditions is established to facilitate the construction of a new form of environmental load chart.The newly formed chart is flexible and simple;thus,it can be used to evaluate the environmental adaptability of the platform in the target well location and provides the preloading target demand or variable load limit according to the given environmental constraints.Moreover,the platform can perform personalized preloading operations,thereby improving its capability to cope with complex geological conditions,such as reducing punch-through risks.This condition reduces the load on jacking system devices and increases its service life.
基金This work has received funding from the European Union’s Research Fund for Coal and Steel under the projects RAFF grant agreement No.847299 and POMHAZ grant agreement No.101057326.Financial assistance by the European Commission is much appreciated.
文摘A common reclamation practice for closed coal surface mines is filling them with water to form pit lakes.The creation and sustainability of these lakes are significantly affected by the stability of the corresponding slopes.The present study provides a general framework for analyzing the water filling’s effect on slope stability based on a new water filling index,which can indirectly consider the factors affecting the process and efficiently quantify the filling speed’s influence.The assumptions of the proposed approach are thoroughly discussed,and the range of the water filling index is identified.Furthermore,the safety factor is calculated using the finite element method with the shear strength reduction technique during the filling process for various conditions(soil properties,slope geometry,hydraulic conditions,and water filling speed).Results are presented as normalized stability charts for practical use.During the water filling,the stability gradually decreases until the reservoir reaches a critical level of 10%e40%of the total height;it then increases to even more stable conditions than the initial one.Overall,the present analysis allows for the preliminary stability evaluation of a coal mine during the formation of a pit lake and the appropriate quantification of the water filling’s effect.
文摘AIM:To investigate the efficacy of a new visual acuity(VA)screening method,the baby vision test for young children.METHODS:A total 105 eyes of 65 children aged 2-8y were included in the study.Acuity testing was conducted using a standardized recognition acuity chart(Snellen visual chart:at 3 m)and the baby vision model assessment.The baby vision device includes a screen,a near infrared camera and a computer.Children were seated at a measured distance of 33-40 cm from a display for testing.VA was estimated according to the highest resolution the children could follow.Decimal VA data were converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(logMAR)for statistical analysis.The VA results for each child were recorded and analyzed for consistency.RESULTS:The mean VA measured using the Snellen visual chart was 0.62±0.32,and that assessed using the baby vision test was 0.66±0.27.The 95%limit of agreement was-0.609 to 0.695,with 95.2%(100/105)plots within the 95%limits of agreement.VA values of the baby vision test were significantly correlated with those of the Snellen chart(R=0.274,P=0.005).CONCLUSION:The baby vision test can be used as a relatively reliable method for estimating VA in young children.This new acuity assessment might be a valid predictor of optotype-measured acuity later in preverbal children.
