In physical information theory elementary objects are represented as correlation structures with oscillator properties and characterized by action. The procedure makes it possible to describe the photons of positive a...In physical information theory elementary objects are represented as correlation structures with oscillator properties and characterized by action. The procedure makes it possible to describe the photons of positive and negative charges by positive and negative real action;gravitons are represented in equal amounts by positive and negative real, i.e., virtual action, and the components of the vacuum are characterized by deactivated virtual action. An analysis of the currents in the correlation structures of photons of static Maxwell fields with wave and particle properties, of the Maxwell vacuum and of the gravitons leads to a uniform three-dimensional representation of the structure of the action. Based on these results, a basic structure consisting of a system of oscillators is proposed, which describe the properties of charges and masses and interact with the photons of static Maxwell fields and with gravitons. All properties of the elemental components of nature can thus be traced back to a basic structure of action. It follows that nature can be derived from a uniform structure and this structure of action must therefore also be the basis of the origin of the cosmos.展开更多
Spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking plays an important role in studying strongly correlated unconventional superconductors.When two superconducting gap functions with different symmetries compete,the relative ...Spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking plays an important role in studying strongly correlated unconventional superconductors.When two superconducting gap functions with different symmetries compete,the relative phase channel(θ_(-)≡θ_(1)-θ_(2))exhibits an Ising-type Z_(2) symmetry due to the second order Josephson coupling,where θ_(1,2) are the phases of two gap functions.In contrast,the U(1) symmetry in the channel of θ_(+)≡(θ_(1)+θ_(2))/2 is intact.The phase locking,i.e.,ordering of θ_(-),can take place in the phase fluctuation regime before the onset of superconductivity,i.e.,when θ_(+) is disordered.If θ_(-) is pinned at ±π/2,then timereversal symmetry is broken in the normal state,otherwise,if θ_(-)=0,or,π,rotational symmetry is broken,leading to a nematic normal state.In both cases,the order parameters possess a 4-fermion structure beyond the scope of mean-field theory,which can be viewed as a high order symmetry breaking.We employ an effective two-component XY-model assisted by a renormalization group analysis to address this problem.As a natural by-product,we also find the other interesting intermediate phase corresponds to ordering of θ_+ but with θ_(-)disordered.This is the quartetting,or,charge-4e,superconductivity,which occurs above the low temperature Z_(2)-breaking charge-2e superconducting phase.Our results provide useful guidance for studying novel symmetry breaking phases in strongly correlated superconductors.展开更多
The superconducting state typically favors a uniform spatial distribution akin to ferromagnetism.Nevertheless,the pair-densitywave state exhibits sign changes in the pairing order,leading to potential frustrations in ...The superconducting state typically favors a uniform spatial distribution akin to ferromagnetism.Nevertheless,the pair-densitywave state exhibits sign changes in the pairing order,leading to potential frustrations in phase coherence.We propose a mechanism to the sextetting order stemming from the frustrations in the phase coherence of a pair-density-wave state,whose spatial modulation manifests a vortex-antivortex honeycomb lattice.The classical ground state configurations are mapped to Baxter's three-coloring model,revealing a macroscopic degeneracy accompanied by extensive entropy.The phase coherence problem intertwines the U(1)phases and the vorticity variables.While the resultant color and phase fluctuations suppress the pair-densitywave order,they maintain the sextetting order above the superconducting transition temperature(T_(c)).The 1/3-fractional vortex emerges as the fundamental topological defect in the sextetting order.This novel mechanism of frustrated superconductivity provides an alternative explanation for the experimental observed fractional oscillations in CsV_(3)Sb_(5).展开更多
文摘In physical information theory elementary objects are represented as correlation structures with oscillator properties and characterized by action. The procedure makes it possible to describe the photons of positive and negative charges by positive and negative real action;gravitons are represented in equal amounts by positive and negative real, i.e., virtual action, and the components of the vacuum are characterized by deactivated virtual action. An analysis of the currents in the correlation structures of photons of static Maxwell fields with wave and particle properties, of the Maxwell vacuum and of the gravitons leads to a uniform three-dimensional representation of the structure of the action. Based on these results, a basic structure consisting of a system of oscillators is proposed, which describe the properties of charges and masses and interact with the photons of static Maxwell fields and with gravitons. All properties of the elemental components of nature can thus be traced back to a basic structure of action. It follows that nature can be derived from a uniform structure and this structure of action must therefore also be the basis of the origin of the cosmos.
基金supported by a startup funding of UCSD and the National Science Foundation (Grant No. DMR-2238360)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12234016, and 12174317)supported by the New Cornerstone Science Foundation。
文摘Spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking plays an important role in studying strongly correlated unconventional superconductors.When two superconducting gap functions with different symmetries compete,the relative phase channel(θ_(-)≡θ_(1)-θ_(2))exhibits an Ising-type Z_(2) symmetry due to the second order Josephson coupling,where θ_(1,2) are the phases of two gap functions.In contrast,the U(1) symmetry in the channel of θ_(+)≡(θ_(1)+θ_(2))/2 is intact.The phase locking,i.e.,ordering of θ_(-),can take place in the phase fluctuation regime before the onset of superconductivity,i.e.,when θ_(+) is disordered.If θ_(-) is pinned at ±π/2,then timereversal symmetry is broken in the normal state,otherwise,if θ_(-)=0,or,π,rotational symmetry is broken,leading to a nematic normal state.In both cases,the order parameters possess a 4-fermion structure beyond the scope of mean-field theory,which can be viewed as a high order symmetry breaking.We employ an effective two-component XY-model assisted by a renormalization group analysis to address this problem.As a natural by-product,we also find the other interesting intermediate phase corresponds to ordering of θ_+ but with θ_(-)disordered.This is the quartetting,or,charge-4e,superconductivity,which occurs above the low temperature Z_(2)-breaking charge-2e superconducting phase.Our results provide useful guidance for studying novel symmetry breaking phases in strongly correlated superconductors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12234016 and 12174317)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12074031)+1 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12304180)supported by the New Cornerstone Science Foundation。
文摘The superconducting state typically favors a uniform spatial distribution akin to ferromagnetism.Nevertheless,the pair-densitywave state exhibits sign changes in the pairing order,leading to potential frustrations in phase coherence.We propose a mechanism to the sextetting order stemming from the frustrations in the phase coherence of a pair-density-wave state,whose spatial modulation manifests a vortex-antivortex honeycomb lattice.The classical ground state configurations are mapped to Baxter's three-coloring model,revealing a macroscopic degeneracy accompanied by extensive entropy.The phase coherence problem intertwines the U(1)phases and the vorticity variables.While the resultant color and phase fluctuations suppress the pair-densitywave order,they maintain the sextetting order above the superconducting transition temperature(T_(c)).The 1/3-fractional vortex emerges as the fundamental topological defect in the sextetting order.This novel mechanism of frustrated superconductivity provides an alternative explanation for the experimental observed fractional oscillations in CsV_(3)Sb_(5).
