Improving capacity and reducing delay are the most challenging topics in wireless ad hoc networks. Nodes that equip multiple radios working on different channels simultaneously permit ef-fective utility of frequency s...Improving capacity and reducing delay are the most challenging topics in wireless ad hoc networks. Nodes that equip multiple radios working on different channels simultaneously permit ef-fective utility of frequency spectrum and can also reduce interference. In this paper, after analyzing several current protocols in Multi-Radio Multi-Channel (MR-MC) ad hoc networks, a new multi-channel routing metric called Integrative Route Metric (IRM) is designed. It takes channel load, inter-flow, and intra-flow interference into consideration. In addition, an MR-MC routing protocol based on Interference-Aware and Channel-Load (MR-IACL) is also presented. The MR-IACL can assign channels and routings for nodes according to channel load and interference degree of links, and optimize channel distribution dynamically to satisfy the features of topology changing and traffic frequent fluctuation during network running. The simulation results show that the new protocol outperforms others in terms of network throughput, end-to-end delay, routing overhead, and network lifetime.展开更多
Against the backdrop of increasingly severe global environmental issues and the rise of green consumption trends,this study focuses on the effect of brand green marketing strategies on enhancing consumers'environm...Against the backdrop of increasingly severe global environmental issues and the rise of green consumption trends,this study focuses on the effect of brand green marketing strategies on enhancing consumers'environmental awareness.Based on Planned Behavior and Consumer Behavior Theory,this study adopts a quantitative research approach to develope a theoretical model with hypotheses to assess the impact of green product,promotion,and channel strategies on environmental awareness.The results show that all three green marketing strategies—green product,green promotion,and green channel strategies—have significant positive effects on consumers'environmental awareness.Among them,green channel strategies exhibit the strongest influence(=0.407,<0.01),followed by green promotion strategies(=0.193,=0.081,<0.05),collectively explaining 34.9%of the variation in consumers'environmental awareness.The study provides empirical support for enterprises to optimize their green marketing mix,effectively enhancing consumers'environmental awareness and promoting the development of the green consumption market.展开更多
Manufacturers’channel competition with service is examined in this paper.Specifically,the authors consider channel competition within a supply chain comprising two manufacturers and one single retailer where each man...Manufacturers’channel competition with service is examined in this paper.Specifically,the authors consider channel competition within a supply chain comprising two manufacturers and one single retailer where each manufacturer can choose to sell its products either directly to the end market(online channel,say)or through the potential retail channel,based on the profit maximization criterion,which is influenced by exogenous market conditions,such as the degree of competition,etc.Furthermore,the retailer provides additional demand-enhancing service to promote the manufacturer’s products distributed via it.If only one of the manufacturers sells products through the retailer,its products will be promoted by the additional retail service,which poaches demand of products of the manufacturer who adopts direct online channel.Products of both manufacturers are supported by the retailer’s promotional service when both distribute their product through the common retailer.Finally,some managerial implications are derived from numerical analyses of our model,which explain the phenomena in practice and conclude the paper.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60873195, No. 61070220)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20090111110002)
文摘Improving capacity and reducing delay are the most challenging topics in wireless ad hoc networks. Nodes that equip multiple radios working on different channels simultaneously permit ef-fective utility of frequency spectrum and can also reduce interference. In this paper, after analyzing several current protocols in Multi-Radio Multi-Channel (MR-MC) ad hoc networks, a new multi-channel routing metric called Integrative Route Metric (IRM) is designed. It takes channel load, inter-flow, and intra-flow interference into consideration. In addition, an MR-MC routing protocol based on Interference-Aware and Channel-Load (MR-IACL) is also presented. The MR-IACL can assign channels and routings for nodes according to channel load and interference degree of links, and optimize channel distribution dynamically to satisfy the features of topology changing and traffic frequent fluctuation during network running. The simulation results show that the new protocol outperforms others in terms of network throughput, end-to-end delay, routing overhead, and network lifetime.
文摘Against the backdrop of increasingly severe global environmental issues and the rise of green consumption trends,this study focuses on the effect of brand green marketing strategies on enhancing consumers'environmental awareness.Based on Planned Behavior and Consumer Behavior Theory,this study adopts a quantitative research approach to develope a theoretical model with hypotheses to assess the impact of green product,promotion,and channel strategies on environmental awareness.The results show that all three green marketing strategies—green product,green promotion,and green channel strategies—have significant positive effects on consumers'environmental awareness.Among them,green channel strategies exhibit the strongest influence(=0.407,<0.01),followed by green promotion strategies(=0.193,=0.081,<0.05),collectively explaining 34.9%of the variation in consumers'environmental awareness.The study provides empirical support for enterprises to optimize their green marketing mix,effectively enhancing consumers'environmental awareness and promoting the development of the green consumption market.
基金partially supported by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71090401/71090400
文摘Manufacturers’channel competition with service is examined in this paper.Specifically,the authors consider channel competition within a supply chain comprising two manufacturers and one single retailer where each manufacturer can choose to sell its products either directly to the end market(online channel,say)or through the potential retail channel,based on the profit maximization criterion,which is influenced by exogenous market conditions,such as the degree of competition,etc.Furthermore,the retailer provides additional demand-enhancing service to promote the manufacturer’s products distributed via it.If only one of the manufacturers sells products through the retailer,its products will be promoted by the additional retail service,which poaches demand of products of the manufacturer who adopts direct online channel.Products of both manufacturers are supported by the retailer’s promotional service when both distribute their product through the common retailer.Finally,some managerial implications are derived from numerical analyses of our model,which explain the phenomena in practice and conclude the paper.
