In order to improve the network performance furthermore, a routing algorithm for 2D-Torus is investigated from the standpoint of load balance for virtual channels. The 2D-Torus network is divided into two virtual netw...In order to improve the network performance furthermore, a routing algorithm for 2D-Torus is investigated from the standpoint of load balance for virtual channels. The 2D-Torus network is divided into two virtual networks and each physical channel is split into three virtual channels. A novel virtual channel allocation policy and a routing algorithm are proposed, in which traffic load is distributed to those three virtual channels in a more load-balanced manner by introducing a random parameter. Simulations of the proposed algorithm are developed with a SystemC-based test bench. The results show that compared with the negative first for Torus networks （NF-T） algorithm, the proposed algorithm can achieve better performance in terms of network latency and throughput under different traffic patterns. It also shows that a routing algorithm with load balance for virtual channels can significantly improve the network performance furthermore.展开更多
We consider two non-iterative algorithms of adaptive power loading for multicarrier modulation (MCM) system, The first one minimizes the average power of the system transmitter and ensures the preset average bit-error...We consider two non-iterative algorithms of adaptive power loading for multicarrier modulation (MCM) system, The first one minimizes the average power of the system transmitter and ensures the preset average bit-error rate, while the second reduces the average transmitting power subject to the given values of demanded bit-error rate and of the outage probability. The algorithms may be used for power-efficient management of the up-link in cellular communication, where mobile terminals use rechargeable batteries, or of the downlink in satellite communication with solar power source of a transponder. We present performance analysis of the adaptive MCM systems supported by computer simulation for the case of the m-Nakagami fading and additive white Gaussian noise in the forward and backward channels. Evaluation of the power gain of the proposed strategies and its comparison with uniform power loading shows that the gain depends on the fading depth and average signal to noise ratio in the system sub-channels.展开更多
An adaptive bit loading and power-allocation scheme is proposed in order to augment the performance of the system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM）, which is based on the maximum power margi...An adaptive bit loading and power-allocation scheme is proposed in order to augment the performance of the system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM）, which is based on the maximum power margin. Coinciding with the adaptive loading scheme, a semi-blind channel estimation algorithm using subspace decomposition method is proposed, which uses the information in the cyclic prefix. An initial channel state information is estimated by using the training sequences with the method of interpolation filtering. The proposed adaptive scheme is simulated on an OFDM wireless local area network（WLAN） system in a time-varying channel. The performance is compared to the constant loading scheme.展开更多
Objective Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium(BKCa)channel modulates vascular smooth muscle tone.In the present study,we tested the hypothesis that salt,one of the factors which significantly influence blood...Objective Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium(BKCa)channel modulates vascular smooth muscle tone.In the present study,we tested the hypothesis that salt,one of the factors which significantly influence blood pressure(BP),can regulate BKCa activity and then elevate blood pressure.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6 weeks were randomized into high salt diet group(HS)and control group,fed with high salt diet(containing 5% NaCl)and standard rat chow(containing 0.4% NaCl)respectively for 16 weeks.Tail systolic blood pressure(SBP),body weight(BW)and 24-hour urinary output were tested every 4 weeks.Content of urinary Na+ was detected using flame spectrophotometrical method.At the end of 16 weeks,all the rats were killed,the mesenteric arteries were obtained,and single mesenteric smooth muscle cells were isolated at once.The resting membrane potential(Em),the total potassium currents and the currents after perfusion with TEA solution of the cells were all recorded by whole cell patch clamp.The transcriptions of BKCa channel α and β1 subunits in mesenteric arterial vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC)of each group were calculated by real-time RT-PCR.Results There was no difference in SBP and BW at each stage between control group and HS group;the urinary Na+ level in HS animals was elevated significantly after 4 weeks.The negative values of Em in HS group VSMCs were reduced compared with those in the control group.Transcriptions of β1 subunit of BKCa channels were decreased in HS group,but α subunit transcriptions did not differ between the two groups.Whole cell potassium currents did not differ between HS and control groups,but BKCa currents of HS group VSMCs were lower than those of control group ones.Conclusion Even without elevating SBP,salt-loading can still modulate the expression and activity of BKCa channel in the mesenteric arterial VSMC and elevate vascular tone.展开更多
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) port is located at Abu Qir Bay on the northwestern coast of the Nile delta, Egypt. The port was constructed in 2004 to export liquefied natural gas worldwide. The offshore basins of this po...Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) port is located at Abu Qir Bay on the northwestern coast of the Nile delta, Egypt. The port was constructed in 2004 to export liquefied natural gas worldwide. The offshore basins of this port including the turning and berthing areas (15-m depth) are connected to the deep water by a 15-m depth dredged channel that extends 4 km offshore. However, the navigation channel and its contiguous basins have experienced problematic shoaling that might affect the navigation activities of gas tankers. Sedimentation processes have been investigated by analyses of waves, currents, bathymetry, grain size of seabed and channel dimensions. Sedimentation rates are estimated using a developed numerical model. Sedimentation rate fluctuates between 0.048 × 106 m3/month and 0.388 × 106 m3/month, with an annual sedimentation rate of 1.977 × 106 m3/yr. The variance in the sedimentation rates between winter and summer resulted in increasing of current speed and direction flowing towards offshore. The sedimentation process is influenced by the temporal variability in the direction and intensity of the predominant waves, currents, orientation of navigation channel, basin breakwaters, seafloor morphology and sediment sources. Due to the geographic location of LNG port it lays within a sediment sink for sediments supplied from different alternating directions by several pathways, flowing towards the N-W, S-W, N-E, and S-E quadrants. Most of these currents components are substantially effective in transporting fine-grained sediment towards the navigation channel axis and contiguous basins. Together with these currents, the predominant NW and SE waves acting to agitate and stirrup sediments in the vicinity of the port, and thereby accelerating sedimentation rates.展开更多
In this paper, an improved analytical model for IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) under finite load is proposed by closely following the specifications given in IEEE 802.11 standard. The model is inv...In this paper, an improved analytical model for IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) under finite load is proposed by closely following the specifications given in IEEE 802.11 standard. The model is investigated in terms of channel throughput under perfect and slow Rayleigh fading channels. It is shown that the proposed model gives better insight into the operation of DCF.展开更多
Almost at every mouth of the tributary creek of the Three Gorges inthe Gezhouba Reservoir, the alluvial fans or alluvial cones formed the rapids, whichare called rapids of creek mouth--bar. They are composed of pebble...Almost at every mouth of the tributary creek of the Three Gorges inthe Gezhouba Reservoir, the alluvial fans or alluvial cones formed the rapids, whichare called rapids of creek mouth--bar. They are composed of pebble bed load with d>20 mm. Based upon geological and geomorphological investigations, the authors detect that the pebble bed load at the Gezhouba Re3ervoir comes from two sources,namely, the region mainly with limestone and The region mainly with pyrolith, andtheir converging area is within the Gezhouba Project. percentages of the pebble bedload are calculated. The calculated result stows that, 65% of pebble bed load comesfrom the region mainly with limestone, and 93 % of the rapids of creek mouth--bar isdistributed in the region mainly with limestone. Considering the water level fluctuations, the rapids of creek mouth--bar can be divided into 3 types i. e. flood waterones, medium water ones and low water ones. Due to the rise of water level afterbuilding the Gezhouba Reservoir, the navigable channels in the area of rapids ofcreek mouth--bar within varied back water region are improved, taking up 50% of all12 rapids. But the rapids of creek mouth--bar in the tail region where the water levelrises less than 1 m, the conditions of navigable channels are little improved and evendeterioration, because of the continuous supply of pebble bed load. Therefore, thoserapids must be regulated before the completion of the Three Gorges Project.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60976020)
文摘In order to improve the network performance furthermore, a routing algorithm for 2D-Torus is investigated from the standpoint of load balance for virtual channels. The 2D-Torus network is divided into two virtual networks and each physical channel is split into three virtual channels. A novel virtual channel allocation policy and a routing algorithm are proposed, in which traffic load is distributed to those three virtual channels in a more load-balanced manner by introducing a random parameter. Simulations of the proposed algorithm are developed with a SystemC-based test bench. The results show that compared with the negative first for Torus networks （NF-T） algorithm, the proposed algorithm can achieve better performance in terms of network latency and throughput under different traffic patterns. It also shows that a routing algorithm with load balance for virtual channels can significantly improve the network performance furthermore.
文摘We consider two non-iterative algorithms of adaptive power loading for multicarrier modulation (MCM) system, The first one minimizes the average power of the system transmitter and ensures the preset average bit-error rate, while the second reduces the average transmitting power subject to the given values of demanded bit-error rate and of the outage probability. The algorithms may be used for power-efficient management of the up-link in cellular communication, where mobile terminals use rechargeable batteries, or of the downlink in satellite communication with solar power source of a transponder. We present performance analysis of the adaptive MCM systems supported by computer simulation for the case of the m-Nakagami fading and additive white Gaussian noise in the forward and backward channels. Evaluation of the power gain of the proposed strategies and its comparison with uniform power loading shows that the gain depends on the fading depth and average signal to noise ratio in the system sub-channels.
文摘An adaptive bit loading and power-allocation scheme is proposed in order to augment the performance of the system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM）, which is based on the maximum power margin. Coinciding with the adaptive loading scheme, a semi-blind channel estimation algorithm using subspace decomposition method is proposed, which uses the information in the cyclic prefix. An initial channel state information is estimated by using the training sequences with the method of interpolation filtering. The proposed adaptive scheme is simulated on an OFDM wireless local area network（WLAN） system in a time-varying channel. The performance is compared to the constant loading scheme.
文摘Objective Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium(BKCa)channel modulates vascular smooth muscle tone.In the present study,we tested the hypothesis that salt,one of the factors which significantly influence blood pressure(BP),can regulate BKCa activity and then elevate blood pressure.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6 weeks were randomized into high salt diet group(HS)and control group,fed with high salt diet(containing 5% NaCl)and standard rat chow(containing 0.4% NaCl)respectively for 16 weeks.Tail systolic blood pressure(SBP),body weight(BW)and 24-hour urinary output were tested every 4 weeks.Content of urinary Na+ was detected using flame spectrophotometrical method.At the end of 16 weeks,all the rats were killed,the mesenteric arteries were obtained,and single mesenteric smooth muscle cells were isolated at once.The resting membrane potential(Em),the total potassium currents and the currents after perfusion with TEA solution of the cells were all recorded by whole cell patch clamp.The transcriptions of BKCa channel α and β1 subunits in mesenteric arterial vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC)of each group were calculated by real-time RT-PCR.Results There was no difference in SBP and BW at each stage between control group and HS group;the urinary Na+ level in HS animals was elevated significantly after 4 weeks.The negative values of Em in HS group VSMCs were reduced compared with those in the control group.Transcriptions of β1 subunit of BKCa channels were decreased in HS group,but α subunit transcriptions did not differ between the two groups.Whole cell potassium currents did not differ between HS and control groups,but BKCa currents of HS group VSMCs were lower than those of control group ones.Conclusion Even without elevating SBP,salt-loading can still modulate the expression and activity of BKCa channel in the mesenteric arterial VSMC and elevate vascular tone.
文摘Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) port is located at Abu Qir Bay on the northwestern coast of the Nile delta, Egypt. The port was constructed in 2004 to export liquefied natural gas worldwide. The offshore basins of this port including the turning and berthing areas (15-m depth) are connected to the deep water by a 15-m depth dredged channel that extends 4 km offshore. However, the navigation channel and its contiguous basins have experienced problematic shoaling that might affect the navigation activities of gas tankers. Sedimentation processes have been investigated by analyses of waves, currents, bathymetry, grain size of seabed and channel dimensions. Sedimentation rates are estimated using a developed numerical model. Sedimentation rate fluctuates between 0.048 × 106 m3/month and 0.388 × 106 m3/month, with an annual sedimentation rate of 1.977 × 106 m3/yr. The variance in the sedimentation rates between winter and summer resulted in increasing of current speed and direction flowing towards offshore. The sedimentation process is influenced by the temporal variability in the direction and intensity of the predominant waves, currents, orientation of navigation channel, basin breakwaters, seafloor morphology and sediment sources. Due to the geographic location of LNG port it lays within a sediment sink for sediments supplied from different alternating directions by several pathways, flowing towards the N-W, S-W, N-E, and S-E quadrants. Most of these currents components are substantially effective in transporting fine-grained sediment towards the navigation channel axis and contiguous basins. Together with these currents, the predominant NW and SE waves acting to agitate and stirrup sediments in the vicinity of the port, and thereby accelerating sedimentation rates.
文摘In this paper, an improved analytical model for IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) under finite load is proposed by closely following the specifications given in IEEE 802.11 standard. The model is investigated in terms of channel throughput under perfect and slow Rayleigh fading channels. It is shown that the proposed model gives better insight into the operation of DCF.
文摘Almost at every mouth of the tributary creek of the Three Gorges inthe Gezhouba Reservoir, the alluvial fans or alluvial cones formed the rapids, whichare called rapids of creek mouth--bar. They are composed of pebble bed load with d>20 mm. Based upon geological and geomorphological investigations, the authors detect that the pebble bed load at the Gezhouba Re3ervoir comes from two sources,namely, the region mainly with limestone and The region mainly with pyrolith, andtheir converging area is within the Gezhouba Project. percentages of the pebble bedload are calculated. The calculated result stows that, 65% of pebble bed load comesfrom the region mainly with limestone, and 93 % of the rapids of creek mouth--bar isdistributed in the region mainly with limestone. Considering the water level fluctuations, the rapids of creek mouth--bar can be divided into 3 types i. e. flood waterones, medium water ones and low water ones. Due to the rise of water level afterbuilding the Gezhouba Reservoir, the navigable channels in the area of rapids ofcreek mouth--bar within varied back water region are improved, taking up 50% of all12 rapids. But the rapids of creek mouth--bar in the tail region where the water levelrises less than 1 m, the conditions of navigable channels are little improved and evendeterioration, because of the continuous supply of pebble bed load. Therefore, thoserapids must be regulated before the completion of the Three Gorges Project.
