Objective To investigate the changing regularity of thoracic pedicle screw channel (PSC) in different transverse screw angle(TSA).Methods CT scan images of thoracic vertebrae of a healthy adult ware digitally analyzed...Objective To investigate the changing regularity of thoracic pedicle screw channel (PSC) in different transverse screw angle(TSA).Methods CT scan images of thoracic vertebrae of a healthy adult ware digitally analyzed by Mimics 10.01展开更多
Quantitative analysis was performed on the filling-scouring process for the river reach within Makou and Tianjiazhen, the middle Yangtze River with the help of GIS and DEM techniques. The research results indicate tha...Quantitative analysis was performed on the filling-scouring process for the river reach within Makou and Tianjiazhen, the middle Yangtze River with the help of GIS and DEM techniques. The research results indicate that the river reach between Makou and Tianjiaz- hen was dominated by the scouring process, and the magnitude of scouring is increasing over time. The intensity of scouring process is more in the deep and narrower river reach than shallower and wider ones. The river reach in the Makou and Tianjiazhen river knot is in frequent scouring and filling process, however the river reach upper to the Makou and lower to the Tianjiazhen river knot is in moderate scouring and filling process. The river reach just upstream or downstream to the river knot （e.g. Makou and Tianjiazhen river knot in this research） is dominated by filling process and the river reach in the river knot is dominated by the scouring process. Research results indicate no changes in the boundary of the river but the scouring and the filling magnitude in specific river channel is strong. The filling and the scouring process of the study river reach is greatly impacted by the sediments and water from the upstream of the study river reach. The construction of the Three Gorges Dam just up- stream to Yichang will cause further decrease of the release of the sediment load to the middle and the lower Yangtze River basin, which will further intensify the scouring process of the river channel in the study river reach.展开更多
The determination of channel evolutions and the causes is important for reconstructing the evolutionary history of river landforms.This study aimed to elucidate the downstream channel evolution of the Yuan River in Hu...The determination of channel evolutions and the causes is important for reconstructing the evolutionary history of river landforms.This study aimed to elucidate the downstream channel evolution of the Yuan River in Hunan Province,China,during the Qing Dynasty via Landsat 8 satellite image data and relevant literature.The objective was to establish the modes of channel evolution and discuss the significance of historical climate change.The downstream paleochannel of the Yuan River was identified in the Late Ming Dynasty and Early Qing Dynasty(1600–1644 AD),the Kangxi-Qianlong periods of the Qing Dynasty(1661–1796 AD),the Late Qing Dynasty(1840–1912 AD),and the World War II(1939–1945 AD),and three main modes of river evolution were determined.Using remote sensing data and the ancient literature,the evolution characteristics of the paleochannel in the Lower Yuan River were analyzed and its distribution across historical periods was comprehensively revealed.The findings reveal a strong correlation between channel evolution,flood events,and climate change.Numerous flood events that occurred from the Late Qing Dynasty to the World War II caused a high rate of channel evolution,demonstrating the combined effects of climate change and human activities.These findings will help adopt robust and resilient hydrological management methods in the future of a changing climate.展开更多
A theoretical model of river channel changes is presented, which shows some nonequilibrium thermodynamic criteria of a river channel to bedding and equilibrium.
Microstructure evolution of AZ31 Mg alloy during change-channel angular extrusion （CCAE） was investigated. The grains of AZ31 Mg alloy were refined significantly from 500 mm to 15 mm after CCAE deformed at 523 K. Di...Microstructure evolution of AZ31 Mg alloy during change-channel angular extrusion （CCAE） was investigated. The grains of AZ31 Mg alloy were refined significantly from 500 mm to 15 mm after CCAE deformed at 523 K. Dislocations were induced at the initial stage of extrusion and they rearranged themselves to form dislocation boundaries and sub-grain boundaries during deformation. When the specimen through the horizontal change channel with the strain increased, the sub-boundaries evolved to high angle grain boundaries （HAGB）. The process of grain refinement can be described as continuous dynamic recovery and recrystallization （CDRR）.展开更多
The background to this research was a flooding incident that occurred in Bridgend, Co. Donegal, Ireland in August 2017. While several properties were flooded, a flooding case study of a single dwelling house adjacent ...The background to this research was a flooding incident that occurred in Bridgend, Co. Donegal, Ireland in August 2017. While several properties were flooded, a flooding case study of a single dwelling house adjacent to the Bridgend River at Riverdale, Bunamayne, Co. Donegal, Ireland is used herein. For this study the flooded site shall be referred to as the “Hegarty property”. A structure in the form of a stone arched culvert is located directly adjacent to the two-storey detached dwelling house on the Hegarty Property. While the culvert is referred to locally as a bridge, within this research the word culvert will be used in connection with the structure. The culvert has a concrete surrounded utility (watermain) crossing at a gradient below the culvert soffit on the upstream face of the structure. The utility obstructed flow through the culvert and contributed to the flooding event. Given the implication of climate change and the increased probability of more extreme flooding events, it was decided to explore the case study to ascertain the factors that contribute to flooding events when utilities are positioned at culvert or bridge structures. This work was completed to assist undergraduate students, researchers, and local authorities in a relatively unknown area of flood causation.展开更多
We find that a conserved mutation residue Glu to residue Asp （E303D）, which both have the same polar and charged properties, makes Kit2.1 protein lose its function. To understand the mechanism, we identify three int...We find that a conserved mutation residue Glu to residue Asp （E303D）, which both have the same polar and charged properties, makes Kit2.1 protein lose its function. To understand the mechanism, we identify three interactions which control the conformation change and maintain the function of the Kit2.1 protein by combining homology modeling and molecular dynamics with targeted molecular dynamics. We find that the E303D mutation weakens these interactions and results in the loss of the related function. Our data indicate that not only the amino residues but also the interactions determine the function of proteins.展开更多
The goal of this paper was to present knowledge on changes in the morphodynamic structure of the Ochotnica River(Polish Carpathians)and transformations within its active river zone since the end of the 19th century.Th...The goal of this paper was to present knowledge on changes in the morphodynamic structure of the Ochotnica River(Polish Carpathians)and transformations within its active river zone since the end of the 19th century.The study used a set of archival and contemporary cartographic materials and the results of three-fold field mapping of the morphodynamic structure of the riverbed.Direct and indirect human interference with the natural environment of the catchment and the fluvial system was taken into account in the analysis.Analysis of changes in the morphodynamic structure of the Ochotnica and its active river zone since the end of the 19th century indicated significant changes in the development trend of the riverbed.The contemporary structure of the Ochotnica is more complex than in the 1980s.There has been a fragmentation of the riverbed into sections with different morphodynamic sections.The proportion of erosive sections has increased,which explains the reduced in the width of the active river zone of the Ochotnica.The average width of the active river zone of the river between 1861 and 2022 has changed from 80 m to 18 m.Human impact has been identified as the main reason for the changes in the morphodynamic structure of the riverbed and its active river zone.Currently,only the unregulated sect ion is characterised by free lateral migration of the riverbed and the widest active river zone(~28 m).展开更多
文摘Objective To investigate the changing regularity of thoracic pedicle screw channel (PSC) in different transverse screw angle(TSA).Methods CT scan images of thoracic vertebrae of a healthy adult ware digitally analyzed by Mimics 10.01
基金The research was financially supported by the Laboratory for Climate Studies, National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, No.CCSF2007-35 Supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China, No.CUHK4627/05H
文摘Quantitative analysis was performed on the filling-scouring process for the river reach within Makou and Tianjiazhen, the middle Yangtze River with the help of GIS and DEM techniques. The research results indicate that the river reach between Makou and Tianjiaz- hen was dominated by the scouring process, and the magnitude of scouring is increasing over time. The intensity of scouring process is more in the deep and narrower river reach than shallower and wider ones. The river reach in the Makou and Tianjiazhen river knot is in frequent scouring and filling process, however the river reach upper to the Makou and lower to the Tianjiazhen river knot is in moderate scouring and filling process. The river reach just upstream or downstream to the river knot （e.g. Makou and Tianjiazhen river knot in this research） is dominated by filling process and the river reach in the river knot is dominated by the scouring process. Research results indicate no changes in the boundary of the river but the scouring and the filling magnitude in specific river channel is strong. The filling and the scouring process of the study river reach is greatly impacted by the sediments and water from the upstream of the study river reach. The construction of the Three Gorges Dam just up- stream to Yichang will cause further decrease of the release of the sediment load to the middle and the lower Yangtze River basin, which will further intensify the scouring process of the river channel in the study river reach.
文摘The determination of channel evolutions and the causes is important for reconstructing the evolutionary history of river landforms.This study aimed to elucidate the downstream channel evolution of the Yuan River in Hunan Province,China,during the Qing Dynasty via Landsat 8 satellite image data and relevant literature.The objective was to establish the modes of channel evolution and discuss the significance of historical climate change.The downstream paleochannel of the Yuan River was identified in the Late Ming Dynasty and Early Qing Dynasty(1600–1644 AD),the Kangxi-Qianlong periods of the Qing Dynasty(1661–1796 AD),the Late Qing Dynasty(1840–1912 AD),and the World War II(1939–1945 AD),and three main modes of river evolution were determined.Using remote sensing data and the ancient literature,the evolution characteristics of the paleochannel in the Lower Yuan River were analyzed and its distribution across historical periods was comprehensively revealed.The findings reveal a strong correlation between channel evolution,flood events,and climate change.Numerous flood events that occurred from the Late Qing Dynasty to the World War II caused a high rate of channel evolution,demonstrating the combined effects of climate change and human activities.These findings will help adopt robust and resilient hydrological management methods in the future of a changing climate.
文摘A theoretical model of river channel changes is presented, which shows some nonequilibrium thermodynamic criteria of a river channel to bedding and equilibrium.
基金Funded by the "Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(973 Program) (2007CB613700)
文摘Microstructure evolution of AZ31 Mg alloy during change-channel angular extrusion （CCAE） was investigated. The grains of AZ31 Mg alloy were refined significantly from 500 mm to 15 mm after CCAE deformed at 523 K. Dislocations were induced at the initial stage of extrusion and they rearranged themselves to form dislocation boundaries and sub-grain boundaries during deformation. When the specimen through the horizontal change channel with the strain increased, the sub-boundaries evolved to high angle grain boundaries （HAGB）. The process of grain refinement can be described as continuous dynamic recovery and recrystallization （CDRR）.
文摘The background to this research was a flooding incident that occurred in Bridgend, Co. Donegal, Ireland in August 2017. While several properties were flooded, a flooding case study of a single dwelling house adjacent to the Bridgend River at Riverdale, Bunamayne, Co. Donegal, Ireland is used herein. For this study the flooded site shall be referred to as the “Hegarty property”. A structure in the form of a stone arched culvert is located directly adjacent to the two-storey detached dwelling house on the Hegarty Property. While the culvert is referred to locally as a bridge, within this research the word culvert will be used in connection with the structure. The culvert has a concrete surrounded utility (watermain) crossing at a gradient below the culvert soffit on the upstream face of the structure. The utility obstructed flow through the culvert and contributed to the flooding event. Given the implication of climate change and the increased probability of more extreme flooding events, it was decided to explore the case study to ascertain the factors that contribute to flooding events when utilities are positioned at culvert or bridge structures. This work was completed to assist undergraduate students, researchers, and local authorities in a relatively unknown area of flood causation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11247010,11175055,11475053 and 11347017the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province under Grant Nos C2012202079 and C201400305
文摘We find that a conserved mutation residue Glu to residue Asp （E303D）, which both have the same polar and charged properties, makes Kit2.1 protein lose its function. To understand the mechanism, we identify three interactions which control the conformation change and maintain the function of the Kit2.1 protein by combining homology modeling and molecular dynamics with targeted molecular dynamics. We find that the E303D mutation weakens these interactions and results in the loss of the related function. Our data indicate that not only the amino residues but also the interactions determine the function of proteins.
基金supported by a grant from the Faculty of Geography ang Geology under the Strategic Programme Excellence Initiative at Jagiellonian University.
文摘The goal of this paper was to present knowledge on changes in the morphodynamic structure of the Ochotnica River(Polish Carpathians)and transformations within its active river zone since the end of the 19th century.The study used a set of archival and contemporary cartographic materials and the results of three-fold field mapping of the morphodynamic structure of the riverbed.Direct and indirect human interference with the natural environment of the catchment and the fluvial system was taken into account in the analysis.Analysis of changes in the morphodynamic structure of the Ochotnica and its active river zone since the end of the 19th century indicated significant changes in the development trend of the riverbed.The contemporary structure of the Ochotnica is more complex than in the 1980s.There has been a fragmentation of the riverbed into sections with different morphodynamic sections.The proportion of erosive sections has increased,which explains the reduced in the width of the active river zone of the Ochotnica.The average width of the active river zone of the river between 1861 and 2022 has changed from 80 m to 18 m.Human impact has been identified as the main reason for the changes in the morphodynamic structure of the riverbed and its active river zone.Currently,only the unregulated sect ion is characterised by free lateral migration of the riverbed and the widest active river zone(~28 m).
