“Are you too stupid to do anything right?”These words—said by a woman to a little boy who was evidently her son—were spoken because he had walked away from her.Andthey were said at a volume high enough that all th...“Are you too stupid to do anything right?”These words—said by a woman to a little boy who was evidently her son—were spoken because he had walked away from her.Andthey were said at a volume high enough that all the strangersin the vicinity could hear.Chastised,the boy returned quiet-ly to the woman’s side,his eyes downcast.Not a big moment,perhaps.Yet small moments some-展开更多
Once I was a conceited girl.I would neveraccept the advice of others.I was never readyto help others.Sometimes when someone wasin trouble,I liked to play a joke on him orher.So many classmates disliked me.My teach-ers...Once I was a conceited girl.I would neveraccept the advice of others.I was never readyto help others.Sometimes when someone wasin trouble,I liked to play a joke on him orher.So many classmates disliked me.My teach-ers often tried to change me,but I wouldn’tlisten.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is an umbrella term to describe the entire spectrum of this common liver disease. In patients with NAFLD, especially those with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), most often ...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is an umbrella term to describe the entire spectrum of this common liver disease. In patients with NAFLD, especially those with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), most often have one or more components of the metabolic syndrome, but this is not universal. Although most patients with NAFLD share many clinical features, only a subset of patients develops significant liver inflammation and progressive fibrosis. On the other hand, not all patients with NASH exhibit insulin resistance. NASH can be seen in patients who are lean and have no identifiable risk factors. Many clinical studies have tried numerous drugs and alternative medicine, however, investigators have failed to identify a safe and effective therapy for patients with NASH. As summarized, the heterogeneity of pathogenic pathways in individual patients with NASH may warrant the development of an individualized treatment according to the underlying pathogenic pathway. The differentiation of pathogenetic targets may require the development of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and the identification of genetic susceptibilities. At present, evidence-based medicine provides only a few options including life-style modifications targeting weight loss, pioglitazone and vitamin E in non-diabetic patients with biopsy-proven NASH.展开更多
In this work, we revised the expression of mixing intensity to describe the mixing output through a cross section in a flow system by considering heterogeneity of flow field, and carefully investigated the mixing proc...In this work, we revised the expression of mixing intensity to describe the mixing output through a cross section in a flow system by considering heterogeneity of flow field, and carefully investigated the mixing process along a straight tube with expanding/contracting cross section by simulation method. The simulation results show that a sudden expansion of cross section has remarkable mixing intensification effect within a limited period(on the sub-second scale) or tube-length(on the millimeter scale), corresponding to the generation of considerable local vortices determined by both the flow capacity and the ratio of cross section change; a sudden contraction of cross section has instantaneous but weak mixing intensification effect; through introducing a local expansion structure with proper length, as the combination of sudden expansion and sudden contraction, their mixing intensification effects could be superposed. Besides, the rationality and importance are experimentally verified to explore the time profile of mixing intensity and carry out the vortex analysis by simulation for enhancing the selectivity of a complicated reaction system. These progresses may lead to more meaningful quantitative description of mixing process in a flow microreactor for some specific chemical processes.展开更多
Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)have been successfully employed in the field of image classification.However,CNN trained using images from several years ago may be unable to identify how such images have changed ove...Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)have been successfully employed in the field of image classification.However,CNN trained using images from several years ago may be unable to identify how such images have changed over time.Cross-age face recognition is,therefore,a substantial challenge.Several efforts have been made to resolve facial changes over time utilizing recurrent neural networks(RNN)with CNN.The structure of RNN contains hidden contextual information in a hidden state to transfer a state in the previous step to the next step.This paper proposes a novel model called Hidden State-CNN(HSCNN).This adds to CNN a convolution layer of the hidden state saved as a parameter in the previous step and requires no more computing resources than CNN.The previous CNN-RNN models perform CNN and RNN,separately and then merge the results.Therefore,their systems consume twice the memory resources and CPU time,compared with the HSCNN system,which works the same as CNN only.HSCNN consists of 3 types of models.All models load hidden state ht−1 from parameters of the previous step and save ht as a parameter for the next step.In addition,modelB adds ht−1 to x,which is the previous output.The summation of ht−1 and x is multiplied by weight W.In model-C the convolution layer has two weights:W1 and W2.Training HSCNN with faces of the previous step is for testing faces of the next step in the experiment.That is,HSCNN trained with past facial data is then used to verify future data.It has been found to exhibit 10 percent greater accuracy than traditional CNN with a celeb face database.展开更多
Through studying changes in ENSO indices relative to change of climate reference from 1961~1990 to 1971~2000, the study generated new standards to define ENSO episodes and their intensities. Then according to the new ...Through studying changes in ENSO indices relative to change of climate reference from 1961~1990 to 1971~2000, the study generated new standards to define ENSO episodes and their intensities. Then according to the new climate references and new index standards, ENSO episodes and their intensities for the period 1951 -2003 have been classified. Finally, an analysis has been performed comparing the new characteristics with the old ones for ENSO period, peak values and intensities.展开更多
In order to accurately grasp the soil fertility in Three Gorges Reservoir Region after changing mountain slope into terrace field,we take Wushan County for example,and use the spatio-temporal substitution method to an...In order to accurately grasp the soil fertility in Three Gorges Reservoir Region after changing mountain slope into terrace field,we take Wushan County for example,and use the spatio-temporal substitution method to analyze the soil nutrient status and trend about the terrace field changed from mountain slope under different length of implementation.The results show that the soil fertility is generally low in the study area,and according to the soil nutrient grading standards in the second national land survey,the average content of total nitrogen,available potassium,organic matter and available phosphorus reaches Standard III,Standard III,Standard IV and Standard V,respectively,and the spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients is small.Compared to the sloping land,the terrace field changed from mountain slope has increasing soil nutrients on the whole with the length of farming.The mean of various indicators about soil nutrients in the terrace field changed from mountain slope for 2 years is lower than in the sloping land,and there is the biggest difference in soil fertility,while the mean of various indicators about soil nutrients in the terrace field changed from mountain slope for 14 years shows a linear upward trend,and the difference in soil fertility decreases.展开更多
The ozone chemistry in four decades (1890s, 1990s, 2090s and 2190s) representing the changes over three centuries has been simulated using the chemistry version of the atmospheric long-range transport model: the Danis...The ozone chemistry in four decades (1890s, 1990s, 2090s and 2190s) representing the changes over three centuries has been simulated using the chemistry version of the atmospheric long-range transport model: the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model (DEHM) forced with meteorology projected by theECHAM5/MPI-OM coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model. The largest changes in meteorology, ozone and its precursors are found in the 21st century, however, also significant changes are found in the 22nd century. At surface level the ozone concentration is projected to increase due to climate change in the areas where substantial amounts of ozone precursors are emitted. Elsewhere a significant decrease is projected at the surface. In the free troposphere a general increase is found in the entire Northern Hemisphere except in the tropics, where the ozone concentration is decreasing. In the Arctic the ozone concentration will increase in the entire air column, which most likely is due to changes in atmospheric transport. Changes in temperature, humidity and the naturally emitted Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are governing the changes in ozone both in the past, present and future century.展开更多
To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated ...To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated salt composite phase change material(HSCPCM)with dual phase transition temperature zones has been proposed.This HSCPCM,denoted as SDMA10,combines hydrophilic modified expanded graphite,an acrylic emulsion coating,and eutectic hydrated salts to achieve leakage prevention,enhanced thermal stability,cycling stability,and superior phase change behavior.Battery modules incorporating SDMA10 demonstrate significant thermal control capabilities.Specifically,the cylindrical battery modules with SDMA10 can maintain maximum operating temperatures below 55°C at 4 C discharge rate,while prismatic battery modules can keep maximum operating temperatures below 65°C at 2 C discharge rate.In extreme battery overheating conditions simulated using heating plates,SDMA10 effectively suppresses thermal propagation.Even when the central heating plate reaches 300°C,the maximum temperature at the module edge heating plates remains below 85°C.Further,compared to organic composite phase change materials(CPCMs),the battery module with SDMA10 can further reduce the peak thermal runaway temperature by 93°C and delay the thermal runaway trigger time by 689 s,thereby significantly decreasing heat diffusion.Therefore,the designed HSCPCM integrates excellent latent heat storage and thermochemical storage capabilities,providing high thermal energy storage density within the thermal management and thermal runaway threshold temperature range.This research will offer a promising pathway for improving the thermal safety performance of battery packs in electric vehicles and other energy storage systems.展开更多
“Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)”is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of Chin...“Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)”is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was “Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University”,which was changed into “Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis”in 1958owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has been begun since the beginning of 2002after a new Jilin University was set up,which comes from the amalgamation of the original Jilin University,Jilin University of Technology,Bethune Medicine University,Changchun University of Science and Technology and Changchun Post and Telecommunication Institute on June 12,2000.The domestic journal number is CN 22-1340/O,and the international journal number is ISSN 1671-5489.展开更多
"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields ofscience sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the People's Repu..."Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields ofscience sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publicationwas"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"ActaScientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.展开更多
In this paper,we present a broadband,high-extinction-ratio,nonvolatile 2×2 Mach-Zehnder interfer⁃ometer(MZI)optical switch based on the phase change material Sb_(2)Se_(3).The insertion loss(IL)is 0.84 dB and the ...In this paper,we present a broadband,high-extinction-ratio,nonvolatile 2×2 Mach-Zehnder interfer⁃ometer(MZI)optical switch based on the phase change material Sb_(2)Se_(3).The insertion loss(IL)is 0.84 dB and the extinction ratio(ER)reaches 28.8 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm.The 3 dB bandwidth is greater than 150 nm.Within the 3 dB bandwidth,the ER is greater than 20.3 dB and 16.3 dB at bar and cross states,respectively.The power consumption for crystallization and amorphization of Sb_(2)Se_(3) is 105.86 nJ and 49 nJ,respectively.The switch holds significant promise for optical interconnects and optical computing applications.展开更多
Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on natural and anthropogenic environmental changes and sustainable development in mountain areas.JMS is sponsored by Inst...Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on natural and anthropogenic environmental changes and sustainable development in mountain areas.JMS is sponsored by Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,supervised by Chinese Academy of Sciences,and published by Science Press and Springer Nature.JMS was launched in 2004 and indexed by SCI in 2007.JMS has a distinctly international character,with editorial board members and scientific editors from over 30 countries(regions)and international organizations,and authors and reviewers from more than 100 countries and regions.展开更多
With the rapid increase in the aging population comes a rise in the incidence and prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,it is critical to understand the molecular changes that occur,which can either cause...With the rapid increase in the aging population comes a rise in the incidence and prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,it is critical to understand the molecular changes that occur,which can either cause disease or make brains resilient.Epigenetic changes are a common suspect and target,not only because they are among the hallmarks of aging,but also because they are flexible and could potentially be reversed.展开更多
Studies conducted on neurodegenerative diseases diversely report on changes in the cerebral microvasculature:Fundamental hallmarks of prevalent neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD),dementia with...Studies conducted on neurodegenerative diseases diversely report on changes in the cerebral microvasculature:Fundamental hallmarks of prevalent neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD),dementia with Lewy bodies,Parkinson’s disease,Huntington’s disease,include region-specific neuronal loss and neuroinflammation eventually leading to brain atrophy.Numerous studies have also demonstrated that neurodegeneration and changes in the microvasculature are interconnected.For example,in AD,changes in vessel density have been reported to vary-increasing,remaining unchanged,or decreasing-in brain regions most affected by neurodegeneration.展开更多
Tajikistan contains the majority of Central Asia’s glaciers,which cover about 6.00%of the national territory;their rapid shrinkage poses a significant threat to regional water resource security.However,glacier monito...Tajikistan contains the majority of Central Asia’s glaciers,which cover about 6.00%of the national territory;their rapid shrinkage poses a significant threat to regional water resource security.However,glacier monitoring in Tajikistan was interrupted after 1991,creating a substantial gap in understanding the current state and temporal evolution of these glaciers.Based on glacier inventory data,in situ measurements,and published literature,this study examined the present status and recent variations of glaciers in Tajikistan through data integration and validation,literature collation and comparative analysis,and the application of Geographic Information System(GIS)spatial analysis techniques.As of 2023,Tajikistan possesses a total of 11,528 glaciers,encompassing an area of 7624.48(±305.58)km2.Small glaciers dominate in number,whereas large glaciers account for the majority of the total area.Over the past two decades,the glacier count has decreased by 2014,and the total area has decreased by 628.98 km2,corresponding to an average annual reduction rate of 0.33%.Regional shrinkage rates range from 4.10%to 22.28%.Glaciers have undergone accelerated mass loss during the past 20 a;only those on the northeastern Pamir Plateau exhibit a weak positive mass balance.Observations of typical monitored glaciers also reveal intensified melting and retreat,consistent with regional trends.In light of the recent acceleration of glacier shrinkage in Tajikistan,focused measures should be implemented to strengthen glacier monitoring,enhance public awareness of glacier preservation,and promote the sustainable development and utilization of glacier tourism.These findings bridge the knowledge gap regarding the spatiotemporal dynamics of Tajikistan’s glaciers over recent decades and provide essential data support for regional water resource management.展开更多
文摘“Are you too stupid to do anything right?”These words—said by a woman to a little boy who was evidently her son—were spoken because he had walked away from her.Andthey were said at a volume high enough that all the strangersin the vicinity could hear.Chastised,the boy returned quiet-ly to the woman’s side,his eyes downcast.Not a big moment,perhaps.Yet small moments some-
文摘Once I was a conceited girl.I would neveraccept the advice of others.I was never readyto help others.Sometimes when someone wasin trouble,I liked to play a joke on him orher.So many classmates disliked me.My teach-ers often tried to change me,but I wouldn’tlisten.
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is an umbrella term to describe the entire spectrum of this common liver disease. In patients with NAFLD, especially those with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), most often have one or more components of the metabolic syndrome, but this is not universal. Although most patients with NAFLD share many clinical features, only a subset of patients develops significant liver inflammation and progressive fibrosis. On the other hand, not all patients with NASH exhibit insulin resistance. NASH can be seen in patients who are lean and have no identifiable risk factors. Many clinical studies have tried numerous drugs and alternative medicine, however, investigators have failed to identify a safe and effective therapy for patients with NASH. As summarized, the heterogeneity of pathogenic pathways in individual patients with NASH may warrant the development of an individualized treatment according to the underlying pathogenic pathway. The differentiation of pathogenetic targets may require the development of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and the identification of genetic susceptibilities. At present, evidence-based medicine provides only a few options including life-style modifications targeting weight loss, pioglitazone and vitamin E in non-diabetic patients with biopsy-proven NASH.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21176136,21422603)the National Science and Technology Support Program of China(2011BAC06B01)
文摘In this work, we revised the expression of mixing intensity to describe the mixing output through a cross section in a flow system by considering heterogeneity of flow field, and carefully investigated the mixing process along a straight tube with expanding/contracting cross section by simulation method. The simulation results show that a sudden expansion of cross section has remarkable mixing intensification effect within a limited period(on the sub-second scale) or tube-length(on the millimeter scale), corresponding to the generation of considerable local vortices determined by both the flow capacity and the ratio of cross section change; a sudden contraction of cross section has instantaneous but weak mixing intensification effect; through introducing a local expansion structure with proper length, as the combination of sudden expansion and sudden contraction, their mixing intensification effects could be superposed. Besides, the rationality and importance are experimentally verified to explore the time profile of mixing intensity and carry out the vortex analysis by simulation for enhancing the selectivity of a complicated reaction system. These progresses may lead to more meaningful quantitative description of mixing process in a flow microreactor for some specific chemical processes.
基金This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant in 2019(NRF-2019R1G1A1004773).
文摘Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)have been successfully employed in the field of image classification.However,CNN trained using images from several years ago may be unable to identify how such images have changed over time.Cross-age face recognition is,therefore,a substantial challenge.Several efforts have been made to resolve facial changes over time utilizing recurrent neural networks(RNN)with CNN.The structure of RNN contains hidden contextual information in a hidden state to transfer a state in the previous step to the next step.This paper proposes a novel model called Hidden State-CNN(HSCNN).This adds to CNN a convolution layer of the hidden state saved as a parameter in the previous step and requires no more computing resources than CNN.The previous CNN-RNN models perform CNN and RNN,separately and then merge the results.Therefore,their systems consume twice the memory resources and CPU time,compared with the HSCNN system,which works the same as CNN only.HSCNN consists of 3 types of models.All models load hidden state ht−1 from parameters of the previous step and save ht as a parameter for the next step.In addition,modelB adds ht−1 to x,which is the previous output.The summation of ht−1 and x is multiplied by weight W.In model-C the convolution layer has two weights:W1 and W2.Training HSCNN with faces of the previous step is for testing faces of the next step in the experiment.That is,HSCNN trained with past facial data is then used to verify future data.It has been found to exhibit 10 percent greater accuracy than traditional CNN with a celeb face database.
基金Core project in the key research of the 9th five-year economic development plan of China - "Study on Prediction System for Short-term Climate in China"(96-908-06-1-2-2)
文摘Through studying changes in ENSO indices relative to change of climate reference from 1961~1990 to 1971~2000, the study generated new standards to define ENSO episodes and their intensities. Then according to the new climate references and new index standards, ENSO episodes and their intensities for the period 1951 -2003 have been classified. Finally, an analysis has been performed comparing the new characteristics with the old ones for ENSO period, peak values and intensities.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41001168)National Science and Technology Support Program(2011BAD31B03)+2 种基金Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(CSTC2010BB0326)Social Sciences Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(08JWSK043)Doctoral Fund Project of Chongqing Normal University(05XLB)
文摘In order to accurately grasp the soil fertility in Three Gorges Reservoir Region after changing mountain slope into terrace field,we take Wushan County for example,and use the spatio-temporal substitution method to analyze the soil nutrient status and trend about the terrace field changed from mountain slope under different length of implementation.The results show that the soil fertility is generally low in the study area,and according to the soil nutrient grading standards in the second national land survey,the average content of total nitrogen,available potassium,organic matter and available phosphorus reaches Standard III,Standard III,Standard IV and Standard V,respectively,and the spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients is small.Compared to the sloping land,the terrace field changed from mountain slope has increasing soil nutrients on the whole with the length of farming.The mean of various indicators about soil nutrients in the terrace field changed from mountain slope for 2 years is lower than in the sloping land,and there is the biggest difference in soil fertility,while the mean of various indicators about soil nutrients in the terrace field changed from mountain slope for 14 years shows a linear upward trend,and the difference in soil fertility decreases.
基金partly funded by the Centre for Energy,Environment and Health(CEEH),financed by The Danish Strategic Research Program on Sustainable Energy under contract no 2104-06-0027(www.ceeh.dk).
文摘The ozone chemistry in four decades (1890s, 1990s, 2090s and 2190s) representing the changes over three centuries has been simulated using the chemistry version of the atmospheric long-range transport model: the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model (DEHM) forced with meteorology projected by theECHAM5/MPI-OM coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model. The largest changes in meteorology, ozone and its precursors are found in the 21st century, however, also significant changes are found in the 22nd century. At surface level the ozone concentration is projected to increase due to climate change in the areas where substantial amounts of ozone precursors are emitted. Elsewhere a significant decrease is projected at the surface. In the free troposphere a general increase is found in the entire Northern Hemisphere except in the tropics, where the ozone concentration is decreasing. In the Arctic the ozone concentration will increase in the entire air column, which most likely is due to changes in atmospheric transport. Changes in temperature, humidity and the naturally emitted Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are governing the changes in ozone both in the past, present and future century.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province(2024A1515010228)CATARC Automotive Inspection Center Excellent Engineer Program(2023B0909050007).
文摘To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated salt composite phase change material(HSCPCM)with dual phase transition temperature zones has been proposed.This HSCPCM,denoted as SDMA10,combines hydrophilic modified expanded graphite,an acrylic emulsion coating,and eutectic hydrated salts to achieve leakage prevention,enhanced thermal stability,cycling stability,and superior phase change behavior.Battery modules incorporating SDMA10 demonstrate significant thermal control capabilities.Specifically,the cylindrical battery modules with SDMA10 can maintain maximum operating temperatures below 55°C at 4 C discharge rate,while prismatic battery modules can keep maximum operating temperatures below 65°C at 2 C discharge rate.In extreme battery overheating conditions simulated using heating plates,SDMA10 effectively suppresses thermal propagation.Even when the central heating plate reaches 300°C,the maximum temperature at the module edge heating plates remains below 85°C.Further,compared to organic composite phase change materials(CPCMs),the battery module with SDMA10 can further reduce the peak thermal runaway temperature by 93°C and delay the thermal runaway trigger time by 689 s,thereby significantly decreasing heat diffusion.Therefore,the designed HSCPCM integrates excellent latent heat storage and thermochemical storage capabilities,providing high thermal energy storage density within the thermal management and thermal runaway threshold temperature range.This research will offer a promising pathway for improving the thermal safety performance of battery packs in electric vehicles and other energy storage systems.
文摘“Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)”is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was “Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University”,which was changed into “Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis”in 1958owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has been begun since the beginning of 2002after a new Jilin University was set up,which comes from the amalgamation of the original Jilin University,Jilin University of Technology,Bethune Medicine University,Changchun University of Science and Technology and Changchun Post and Telecommunication Institute on June 12,2000.The domestic journal number is CN 22-1340/O,and the international journal number is ISSN 1671-5489.
文摘"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields ofscience sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publicationwas"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"ActaScientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62204250)Autonomous deployment project of State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits(SKLJC-Z2024-A05).
文摘In this paper,we present a broadband,high-extinction-ratio,nonvolatile 2×2 Mach-Zehnder interfer⁃ometer(MZI)optical switch based on the phase change material Sb_(2)Se_(3).The insertion loss(IL)is 0.84 dB and the extinction ratio(ER)reaches 28.8 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm.The 3 dB bandwidth is greater than 150 nm.Within the 3 dB bandwidth,the ER is greater than 20.3 dB and 16.3 dB at bar and cross states,respectively.The power consumption for crystallization and amorphization of Sb_(2)Se_(3) is 105.86 nJ and 49 nJ,respectively.The switch holds significant promise for optical interconnects and optical computing applications.
文摘Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on natural and anthropogenic environmental changes and sustainable development in mountain areas.JMS is sponsored by Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,supervised by Chinese Academy of Sciences,and published by Science Press and Springer Nature.JMS was launched in 2004 and indexed by SCI in 2007.JMS has a distinctly international character,with editorial board members and scientific editors from over 30 countries(regions)and international organizations,and authors and reviewers from more than 100 countries and regions.
基金David and Inez Myers Foundation,the Israeli Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)The Israel Science Foundation(No.422/23)(to DT).
文摘With the rapid increase in the aging population comes a rise in the incidence and prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,it is critical to understand the molecular changes that occur,which can either cause disease or make brains resilient.Epigenetic changes are a common suspect and target,not only because they are among the hallmarks of aging,but also because they are flexible and could potentially be reversed.
文摘Studies conducted on neurodegenerative diseases diversely report on changes in the cerebral microvasculature:Fundamental hallmarks of prevalent neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD),dementia with Lewy bodies,Parkinson’s disease,Huntington’s disease,include region-specific neuronal loss and neuroinflammation eventually leading to brain atrophy.Numerous studies have also demonstrated that neurodegeneration and changes in the microvasculature are interconnected.For example,in AD,changes in vessel density have been reported to vary-increasing,remaining unchanged,or decreasing-in brain regions most affected by neurodegeneration.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan“Inter-governmental International Science&Technology Innovation Cooperation”Key Specialized Program,China(2025YFE0102800)the Program of the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CSFSE-ZZ-2403).
文摘Tajikistan contains the majority of Central Asia’s glaciers,which cover about 6.00%of the national territory;their rapid shrinkage poses a significant threat to regional water resource security.However,glacier monitoring in Tajikistan was interrupted after 1991,creating a substantial gap in understanding the current state and temporal evolution of these glaciers.Based on glacier inventory data,in situ measurements,and published literature,this study examined the present status and recent variations of glaciers in Tajikistan through data integration and validation,literature collation and comparative analysis,and the application of Geographic Information System(GIS)spatial analysis techniques.As of 2023,Tajikistan possesses a total of 11,528 glaciers,encompassing an area of 7624.48(±305.58)km2.Small glaciers dominate in number,whereas large glaciers account for the majority of the total area.Over the past two decades,the glacier count has decreased by 2014,and the total area has decreased by 628.98 km2,corresponding to an average annual reduction rate of 0.33%.Regional shrinkage rates range from 4.10%to 22.28%.Glaciers have undergone accelerated mass loss during the past 20 a;only those on the northeastern Pamir Plateau exhibit a weak positive mass balance.Observations of typical monitored glaciers also reveal intensified melting and retreat,consistent with regional trends.In light of the recent acceleration of glacier shrinkage in Tajikistan,focused measures should be implemented to strengthen glacier monitoring,enhance public awareness of glacier preservation,and promote the sustainable development and utilization of glacier tourism.These findings bridge the knowledge gap regarding the spatiotemporal dynamics of Tajikistan’s glaciers over recent decades and provide essential data support for regional water resource management.
