Direct and positionally selective aliphatic C–H functionalization is an attractive means with which to streamline chemical synthesis.With many possible reaction sites,most traditional methods need a polar-directing g...Direct and positionally selective aliphatic C–H functionalization is an attractive means with which to streamline chemical synthesis.With many possible reaction sites,most traditional methods need a polar-directing group nearby to achieve high regioand chemoselectivity and are often restricted to a single site of functionalization.Here,we report a nondirected,remote sp^(3)C–H amination process with predictable and switchable regioselectivity.展开更多
The topic of this article is one-sided hypothesis testing for disparity, i.e., the mean of one group is larger than that of another when there is uncertainty as to which group a datum is drawn. For each datum, the unc...The topic of this article is one-sided hypothesis testing for disparity, i.e., the mean of one group is larger than that of another when there is uncertainty as to which group a datum is drawn. For each datum, the uncertainty is captured with a given discrete probability distribution over the groups. Such situations arise, for example, in the use of Bayesian imputation methods to assess race and ethnicity disparities with certain insurance, health, and financial data. A widely used method to implement this assessment is the Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) method which assigns a discrete probability over six race/ethnicity groups to an individual given the individual’s surname and address location. Using a Bayesian framework and Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling from the joint posterior distribution of the group means, the probability of a disparity hypothesis is estimated. Four methods are developed and compared with an illustrative data set. Three of these methods are implemented in an R-code and one method in WinBUGS. These methods are programed for any number of groups between two and six inclusive. All the codes are provided in the appendices.展开更多
基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21702102 and 21772087),NSF of Jiangsu Province(BK20190281)the Six Kinds of Talent Project of Jiangsu Province(JNHB-003)the Program for High-Level Entrepreneurial and Innovative Talents Introduction of Jiangsu Province(Group Program).
文摘Direct and positionally selective aliphatic C–H functionalization is an attractive means with which to streamline chemical synthesis.With many possible reaction sites,most traditional methods need a polar-directing group nearby to achieve high regioand chemoselectivity and are often restricted to a single site of functionalization.Here,we report a nondirected,remote sp^(3)C–H amination process with predictable and switchable regioselectivity.
文摘The topic of this article is one-sided hypothesis testing for disparity, i.e., the mean of one group is larger than that of another when there is uncertainty as to which group a datum is drawn. For each datum, the uncertainty is captured with a given discrete probability distribution over the groups. Such situations arise, for example, in the use of Bayesian imputation methods to assess race and ethnicity disparities with certain insurance, health, and financial data. A widely used method to implement this assessment is the Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) method which assigns a discrete probability over six race/ethnicity groups to an individual given the individual’s surname and address location. Using a Bayesian framework and Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling from the joint posterior distribution of the group means, the probability of a disparity hypothesis is estimated. Four methods are developed and compared with an illustrative data set. Three of these methods are implemented in an R-code and one method in WinBUGS. These methods are programed for any number of groups between two and six inclusive. All the codes are provided in the appendices.
