Convex feasibility problems are widely used in image reconstruction, sparse signal recovery, and other areas. This paper is devoted to considering a class of convex feasibility problem arising from sparse signal recov...Convex feasibility problems are widely used in image reconstruction, sparse signal recovery, and other areas. This paper is devoted to considering a class of convex feasibility problem arising from sparse signal recovery. We first derive the projection formulas for a vector onto the feasible sets. The centralized circumcentered-reflection method is designed to solve the convex feasibility problem. Some numerical experiments demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, showing superior performance compared to conventional alternating projection methods.展开更多
As an indispensable part of modern buildings,centralized central air conditioning systems play an important role in maintaining the comfort and air quality of the indoor environment.However,with the increasing energy ...As an indispensable part of modern buildings,centralized central air conditioning systems play an important role in maintaining the comfort and air quality of the indoor environment.However,with the increasing energy consumption,how to improve the energy efficiency ratio of air conditioning systems and reduce energy consumption has become an important issue in research and practice.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of humidity control strategies on energy saving in centralized central air conditioning systems,with a view to providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for realizing building energy efficiency.展开更多
Objective To construct an index system for evaluating the policy effect of centralized drug procurement,and to provide reference for comprehensively and systematically evaluating the policy of centralized drug procure...Objective To construct an index system for evaluating the policy effect of centralized drug procurement,and to provide reference for comprehensively and systematically evaluating the policy of centralized drug procurement.Methods Through combing the policies and literature research,the focus and expected goal of China’s centralized drug procurement policy were clarified.On the basis of policy concerns,combined with some theories and the implementation of drug centralized procurement policy,a primary evaluation index system was constructed.The index system was determined by expert consultation,and the weight of each index was calculated by analytic hierarchy process.Results and Conclusion The questionnaire recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were 88.23%and 100%,the coefficients of authority of experts were 0.86 and 0.80,and the expert coordination coefficients were 0.338 and 0.294,respectively.Finally,the evaluation index system for the policy of centralized drug procurement was established,which included 4 first-level indicators,10 second-level indicators and 23 third-level indicators.The evaluation index system constructed in this paper can not only make up for the deficiency of systematic evaluation of the policy effect of the current centralized drug procurement,but also provide reference for further improving this policy.展开更多
Objective To quantitatively analyze the policy of centralized drug procurement centralized drug procurement in order to provide reference for the subsequent policy formulation and improvement.Methods Text mining metho...Objective To quantitatively analyze the policy of centralized drug procurement centralized drug procurement in order to provide reference for the subsequent policy formulation and improvement.Methods Text mining method was used to process 15 centralized drugs procurement policies issued at the national level during 2015-2022,and a PMC index evaluation model of centralized drug procurement policies was established.Then,15 centralized drug procurement policies were quantitatively analyzed from the overall and comparative perspective through an evaluation model.Results and Conclusion The average PMC index of 15 centralized drug procurement policies was 6.95,which was acceptable on the whole.Among them,eight were excellent and seven were acceptable.As to the first-order variables,the centralized drugs procurement policy still lacks incentives and constraints.The comparative results show that there are differences in the content and structure of policies,but they are strongly related to each other.Chinese centralized drug procurement policy has been basically formed,which is closely related to medical insurance and medical policies.However,it is still necessary to pay attention to the structure of the policy to ensure the elaboration of the policy content.展开更多
The centralized procurement of drugs in the medical system is a key link,which not only affects the economic effect of institutions,but also relates to the medical quality and patient safety.In the current era,central...The centralized procurement of drugs in the medical system is a key link,which not only affects the economic effect of institutions,but also relates to the medical quality and patient safety.In the current era,centralized drug procurement in hospitals can meet the needs of most patients;however,the specific steps of the work still need to be optimized.Starting from the level of hospital drug centralized procurement work,this paper discusses the policy background,analyzes the practice of drug centralized procurement in tertiary hospitals,and provides specific work management suggestions,aiming to improve work efficiency and serve as a reference for optimizing subsequent hospital drug centralized procurement work.展开更多
As the development of new power systems progresses,the inherent inertia of power systems continues to diminish.Centralized frequency regulation,which relies on rapid communication and real-time control,can enable inve...As the development of new power systems progresses,the inherent inertia of power systems continues to diminish.Centralized frequency regulation,which relies on rapid communication and real-time control,can enable inverter-based thermostatically controlled load(ITCL)clusters to provide virtual inertia support to the power grid.However,ITCL clusters exhibit significant discrete response characteristics,which precludes the direct integration of load-side inertia support into the synchronous unit side.To address this issue,this paper elaborates on the existing technical framework and analyzes the underlying causes of the problem.It proposes a timestamp allocation mechanism for ITCL cluster control instructions,ensuring that many ITCL terminals can be triggered at staggered times,thereby allowing the load cluster power to adhere to the inertia analog control law at any moment.Building on this foundation,the paper further examines the impact of the inertia response delay of ITCL clusters,which is based on centralized frequency regulation,on the stability of the power system.A design scheme for inertia analog control parameters is proposed,taking into account dual constraints,frequency stability and load cluster regulation capacity.Finally,the feasibility and applicability of the proposed mechanism and parameter design scheme are investigated through simulations conducted via MATLAB/Simulink.展开更多
Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’...Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
The mature central nervous system(CNS,composed of the brain,spinal cord,olfactory and optic nerves)is unable to regenerate spontaneously after an insult,both in the cases of neurodegenerative diseases(for example Alzh...The mature central nervous system(CNS,composed of the brain,spinal cord,olfactory and optic nerves)is unable to regenerate spontaneously after an insult,both in the cases of neurodegenerative diseases(for example Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease)or traumatic injuries(such as spinal cord lesions).In the last 20 years,the field has made significant progress in unlocking axon regrowth.展开更多
AIM:To compare the intravitreal brolucizumab and bevacizumab injections for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(cCSC).METHODS:Patients with cCSC were classified into bevacizumab and brolucizumab group.The proport...AIM:To compare the intravitreal brolucizumab and bevacizumab injections for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(cCSC).METHODS:Patients with cCSC were classified into bevacizumab and brolucizumab group.The proportion of complete resolution of subretinal fluid(SRF),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT),and subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:A total of 40 eyes from 40 patients with aged 34-59y were enrolled in the study.Twenty eyes in bevacizumab group(17 males)and 20 eyes(18 males)in brolucizumab group.Comparing the proportion of complete resolution of SRF,the brolucizumab group was statistically significantly higher than the bevacizumab group(P<0.05).In 1mo,CMT was significantly reduced in the brolucizumab group compared to the bevacizumab group(265±69 vs 319±70μm;P=0.021).However,there was no significant difference in CMT between the two groups at 2 and 3mo(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Brolucizumab is anatomically and functionally superior to bevacizumab in the treatment of patients with cCSC.展开更多
Central Asia is characterized by an arid climate and widespread desert distribution,with its sustainable development severely constrained by dust events.An objective understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and dr...Central Asia is characterized by an arid climate and widespread desert distribution,with its sustainable development severely constrained by dust events.An objective understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and driving forces of dust weather is highly important in this area.Based on the meteorological observations from 2000 to 2020,we examined the spatiotemporal characteristics of dust weather in the five Central Asian countries(Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Turkmenistan,and Tajikistan)via Theil-Sen trend analysis and Geodetector modeling method,quantitatively revealing the influence of environmental factors,such as temperature,precipitation,and vegetation,on the frequency of dust weather.The results showed that:(1)dust weather in Central Asia was mainly distributed in a large''dust belt''extending from west to east from northern part of the Caspian lowland desert,and concentrated in basins,plains,and other low-altitude areas.Strong dust weather mainly occurred in northern areas of the Aral Sea and southern edge of Central Asia,with a maximum annual frequency of 21.9%;(2)strong dust weather in Central Asia has fluctuated and slightly decreased since 2001.The highest frequency(1.1%)occurred in spring(from March to June);(3)from 2000 to 2020,changes such as spot shifting and shrinking occurred in the four main source areas(north of the Aral Sea,Kyzylkum Desert,Karakum Desert,and Garabogazköl Bay region),where sandstorms occurred in Central Asia,and northern Caspian lowland desert became the most important low-emission dust source in Central Asia;and(4)the combined effect of soil moisture and air temperature has the most significant influence on dust weather in Central Asia.This study provides a theoretical basis for sand prevention and sand control in Central Asia.In the future,Central Asia should focus on the rational utilization of land and water resources,and implement human interventions such as vegetation restoration and optimization of irrigation methods to curb further desertification in this area.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of ranibizumab on optic disc and macular microvascular perfusion in central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)with macular edema(ME).METHODS:Optical coherence tomography angiology(OCT...AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of ranibizumab on optic disc and macular microvascular perfusion in central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)with macular edema(ME).METHODS:Optical coherence tomography angiology(OCTA)parameters,including optic disc vessel density(VD;including whole-disc VD,intra-disc VD,and peripapillary VD),superficial/deep capillary plexus(SCP/DCP)VD,and central macular thickness(CMT)were analyzed.Additional assessments included best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)via Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)chart and hemorheological profiling.CRVO patients received monthly intravitreal ranibizumab injections for three consecutive months.Pre-and post-treatment parameters were statistically compared.RESULTS:The study comprised 60 CRVO-ME patients(28 males;32 females),aged 50-78y(mean 63.3±7.6y)and 60 age-/sex-matched healthy controls.As compared with participants exhibiting normal funduscopic findings,CRVO patients demonstrated significantly elevated levels of low-shear-rate whole blood viscosity(LSR-WBV),high-shearrate whole blood viscosity(HSR-WBV),and aggregation index(AI,all P<0.05).In CRVO-affected eyes,vertical cupto-disc(C/D)ratio and optic cup volume were significantly smaller,whereas retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness was significantly greater,compared to both unaffected contralateral eyes and normal control eyes(all P<0.05).Following treatment,VD of the entire optic disc(P<0.05),intra-disc VD(P<0.05),and peripapillary VD(P<0.05)all increased significantly relative to baseline.CMT decreased significantly(P<0.05),whereas macular SCP-VD and macular DCP-VD showed non-significant slight reductions(P>0.05).At baseline,BCVA of CRVO eyes correlated with whole-disc VD(r=-0.276,P=0.033),intra-disc VD(r=-0.342,P=0.009),and peripapillary VD(r=-0.335,P=0.007),with intra-disc VD demonstrating the strongest association.Besides,BCVA improvement,after the treatment,correlated positively with whole-disc VD(r=0.342,P=0.008)and intradisc VD(r=0.396,P=0.002).CONCLUSION:Optic disc blood perfusion is more closely associated with visual acuity than macular perfusion,suggesting intra-disc VD may serve as a potential biomarker for monitoring visual acuity changes in CRVO.Multiple ranibizumab injections significantly improve optic disc perfusion but may have exerted detrimental effects on the macula.CRVO patients shows higher hemorheological parameters than those with normal fundi.Reduced vertical C/D ratio and optic cup volume may be linked to CRVO incidence,potentially acting as susceptibility factors.展开更多
This study makes an in-depth exploration of the core pathogenesis of chronic atrophic gastritis,Qi Deficiency with Stagnation,to systematically interpret it within the theoretical framework of Achieving Central Harmon...This study makes an in-depth exploration of the core pathogenesis of chronic atrophic gastritis,Qi Deficiency with Stagnation,to systematically interpret it within the theoretical framework of Achieving Central Harmony,and to provide a treatment plan.Professor Li Tingquan believes that the occurrence and development of chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)is fundamentally a process of harmony imbalance of the spleen and stomach.Its specific manifestation lies in the interaction between qi deficiency and stagnation,namely,spleen deficiency as the root cause,and qi stagnation,phlegm-dampness,and blood stasis obstructing the middle energizer as the secondary manifestations.These factors are mutually causal and interact with one another.Based on this,he proposed a four-step method to treat the disease:eliminating pathogenic factors,harmonizing the spleen and stomach,activating blood circulation to resolve stasis,and tonifying the kidney to generate blood(metaphorically described as"closing the mountains to cultivate forests and thicken the soil,breeding seeds and irrigating for stomach recovery").This approach aims to restore the harmonious state of the middle energizer,providing a complete clinical framework of theory,principle,formula,and herbs for the prevention and treatment of CAG.展开更多
Over the past few decades,the Sonic Hedgehog protein has become a pivotal player in many biological processes,including tumourigenesis,embryonic development,and protective mechanisms after cerebral damage.The Sonic He...Over the past few decades,the Sonic Hedgehog protein has become a pivotal player in many biological processes,including tumourigenesis,embryonic development,and protective mechanisms after cerebral damage.The Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway is crucial in the central nervous system,with implications in a diverse range of diseases,including Parkinson's disease,Alzheimer's disease,spinal cord injury,traumatic brain injury,depression,Sonic Hedgehog medulloblastoma,and stroke.In this comprehensive review,we examined Sonic Hedgehog from the perspective of canonical and non-canonical pathways,elucidating their complex connections to the central nervous system.Subsequently,we summarize the latest advancements in drug therapies that offer novel strategies for treating neurological diseases by modulating the Sonic Hedgehog protein.Finally,we summarize and extend the technologies and tools for studying the Sonic Hedgehog signaling field,with the aim of providing new research ideas and methods.展开更多
The characteristics of ammonia in drinking water sources in China were evaluated during 2005-2009. The spatial distribution and seasonal changes of ammonia in different types of drinking water sources of 22 provinces,...The characteristics of ammonia in drinking water sources in China were evaluated during 2005-2009. The spatial distribution and seasonal changes of ammonia in different types of drinking water sources of 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 4 municipalities were investigated. The levels of ammonia in drinking water sources follow the order of fiver 〉 lake/reservoir 〉 groundwater. The levels of ammonia concentration in river sources gradually decreased from 2005 to 2008, while no obvious change was observed in the lakes/reservoirs and groundwater drinking water sources. The proportion of the type of drinking water sources is different in different regions. In river drinking water sources, the ammonia level was varied in different regions and changed seasonally. The highest value and wide range of annual ammonia was found in South East region, while the lowest value was found in Southwest region. In lake/reservoir drinking water sources, the ammonia levels were not varied obviously in different regions. In underground drinking water sources, the ammonia levels were varied obviously in different regions due to the geological permeability and the natural features of regions. In the drinking water sources with higher ammonia levels, there are enterprises and wastewater drainages in the protected areas of the drinking water sources.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of centralized culture and possible influencing factors.METHODS:From January 2010 to July 2012,66452 patients with suspected Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection from 26 hospitals in Zh...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of centralized culture and possible influencing factors.METHODS:From January 2010 to July 2012,66452 patients with suspected Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection from 26 hospitals in Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces in China underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy.Gastric mucosal biopsies were taken from the antrum for culture.These biopsies were transported under natural environmental temperature to the central laboratory in Hangzhou city and divided into three groups based on their transport time:5,24 and 48 h.The culture results were reported after 72 h and the positive culture rates were analyzed by a χ2 test.An additional 5736 biopsies from H.pylori-positive patients(5646 rapid urease test-positive and 90 14C-urease breath test-positive) were also cultured for quality control in the central laboratory setting.RESULTS:The positive culture rate was 31.66%(21036/66452) for the patient samples and 71.72%(4114/5736) for the H.pylori-positive quality control specimens.In the 5 h transport group,the positiveculture rate was 30.99%(3865/12471),and 32.84%(14960/45553) in the 24 h transport group.In contrast,the positive culture rate declined significantly in the 48 h transport group(26.25%; P < 0.001).During transportation,the average natural temperature increased from 4.67 to 29.14℃,while the positive culture rate declined from 36.67%(1462/3987) to 24.12%(1799/7459).When the temperature exceeded 24℃,the positive culture rate decreased significantly,especially in the 48 h transport group(23.17%).CONCLUSION:Transportation of specimens within 24 h and below 24℃ is reasonable and acceptable for centralized culture of multicenter H.pylori samples.展开更多
Global renewable energy has maintained a steady growth in recent years, mainly fostered by national policies and increasing demand. Analyzing the experience of renewable energy development in developed countries can b...Global renewable energy has maintained a steady growth in recent years, mainly fostered by national policies and increasing demand. Analyzing the experience of renewable energy development in developed countries can be important to provide reference and guidance for its adoption in other countries. First, we compare and summarize definitions of distributed generation from 18 leading countries and organizations in renewable energy. On this basis, we provide three basic characteristics for successful distributed generation using renewable resources. Then, we empirically analyze the distributed and centralized development of renewable energy in Germany with focus on wind and photovoltaic power. We determined that 95% of the photovoltaic generation and 85% of the wind power generation is distributed in Germany, suggesting that the most suitable generation mode for renewable energy is the distributed approach.展开更多
This study aims to analyze the clinical use of ornidazole injection at the post-marketing stage by centralized hospital monitoring system method,and investigate its widespread use in patients,in order to regulate and ...This study aims to analyze the clinical use of ornidazole injection at the post-marketing stage by centralized hospital monitoring system method,and investigate its widespread use in patients,in order to regulate and guide the rational drug use,improve the drug specificity and provide a basis for drug therapy.The study adopts a prospective,multi-center,large sample size,centralized hospital monitoring system.We selected five leading hospitals in Hubei province,and observed the inpatients who received the ornidazole injection from July 1,2015 to October 31,2015.The basic information of patients was recorded,as well as the drug use and adverse events.The statistical analysis was performed based on these data.A total of 4396 individuals were enrolled in this study,most of them were middle-aged female patients and the ornidazole injection was mainly used as prophylactic prior to surgery to prevent the infections,and surgical treatment of anaerobic infections,abdominal infections and pelvic infections.The irrational drug use existed mainly in the prescribing and administration process,including unreasonable dosing frequency,rapid intravenous drip speed and extended duration of drug use.Eleven cases of adverse reactions were collected during the monitoring,incidence rate of adverse reactions was 2.5‰;adverse drug reactions occurred within 30 min.The study results fully reflected the usage of ornidazole injection in the real world.Based on the study,we calculated the adverse reaction incidence of ornidazole and identified the risk factors which may affect the safety of ornidazole injection.Study results strongly recommend that the manufacturers should publish standards for inpatient use and doctors should prescribe with caution accordingly.展开更多
Based on the monitoring data of water quality of more than 40 centralized drinking water sources in 40 towns （townships or streets） of Kaixian County in the first and second half of each year during the ＂Twelfth Fi...Based on the monitoring data of water quality of more than 40 centralized drinking water sources in 40 towns （townships or streets） of Kaixian County in the first and second half of each year during the ＂Twelfth Five-year Plan＂ period, the changing rules of the water quality were studied to provide scientific references for the improvement of drinking water safety of urban and rural residents and drinking water quality. The re- sults show that the water quality of centralized drinking water sources in Kaixian County improved year by year during the ＂Twelfth Five-year Plan＂ period, and most monitoring sites with water quality exceeding the standard are distributed in reservoirs. Total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and permanganate index exceeded the standard obviously. Main pollution sources are domestic pollution and non-point source pol- lution caused by excessive discharge of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants. To improve drinking water quality, it is suggested that some towns can get drinking water from other reservoirs, surface water or underground water with better quality instead of previous reservoirs with water quality exceeding the standard, and the control of non-point source pollution should be enhanced.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic increased the burden on many healthcare systems and in the process,exposed the need for medical resources and physical space.While few studies discussed the efficient uti...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic increased the burden on many healthcare systems and in the process,exposed the need for medical resources and physical space.While few studies discussed the efficient utilization of medical resources and physical space so far.Therefore,this study aimed to summarize experiences related to facilities used for centralized isolation for medical observation and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and to provide suggestions to further improve the management of confirmed cases,suspected cases,and close contacts.In China,three types of facilities for centralized isolation(Fangcang shelter hospitals,refitted non-designated hospitals,and quarantine hotels)underwent retrofitting for the treatment and isolation of confirmed and suspected cases.These facilities mitigated the immediate high demand for space.Moreover,in order to minimize infection risks in these facilities,regulators and governmental agencies implemented new designs,management measures,and precautionary measures to minimize infection risk.Other countries and regions could refer to China’s experience in optimally allocating social resources in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.As a conclusion,government should allocate social resources and construct centralized isolation and quarantine facilities for an emergency response,health authorities should issue regulations for centralized isolation facilities and pay strict attention to the daily management of these facilities,a multidisciplinary administration team is required to support the daily operation of a centralized isolation facility,in-depth studies and international collaboration on the centralized isolation policy are encouraged.展开更多
With the rapid development of Virtual Private Network (VPN), many companies and organizations use VPN to implement their private communication. Traditionally, VPN uses security protocols to protect the confidentiality...With the rapid development of Virtual Private Network (VPN), many companies and organizations use VPN to implement their private communication. Traditionally, VPN uses security protocols to protect the confidentiality of data, the message integrity and the endpoint authentication. One core technique of VPN is tunneling, by which clients can access the in- ternal servers traversing VPN. However, the tunneling technique also introduces a concealed security hole. It is possible that if one vicious user can establish tunneling by the VPN server, he can compromise the internal servers behind the VPN server. So this paper presents a novel Application-layer based Centralized Information Access Control (ACIAC) for VPN to solve this problem. To implement an efficient, flexible and multi-decision access control model, we present two key techniques to ACIAC—the centralized management mechanism and the stream-based access control. Firstly, we implement the information center and the constraints/events center for ACIAC. By the two centers, we can provide an abstract access control mechanism, and the material access control can be decided dynamically by the ACIAC’s constraint/event mechanism. Then we logically classify the VPN communication traffic into the access stream and the data stream so that we can tightly couple the features of VPN communication with the access control model. We also provide the design of our ACIAC prototype in this paper.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(Grant Nos.2023GXNSFAA026067,2024GXN SFAA010521)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12361079,12201149,12261026).
文摘Convex feasibility problems are widely used in image reconstruction, sparse signal recovery, and other areas. This paper is devoted to considering a class of convex feasibility problem arising from sparse signal recovery. We first derive the projection formulas for a vector onto the feasible sets. The centralized circumcentered-reflection method is designed to solve the convex feasibility problem. Some numerical experiments demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, showing superior performance compared to conventional alternating projection methods.
文摘As an indispensable part of modern buildings,centralized central air conditioning systems play an important role in maintaining the comfort and air quality of the indoor environment.However,with the increasing energy consumption,how to improve the energy efficiency ratio of air conditioning systems and reduce energy consumption has become an important issue in research and practice.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of humidity control strategies on energy saving in centralized central air conditioning systems,with a view to providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for realizing building energy efficiency.
文摘Objective To construct an index system for evaluating the policy effect of centralized drug procurement,and to provide reference for comprehensively and systematically evaluating the policy of centralized drug procurement.Methods Through combing the policies and literature research,the focus and expected goal of China’s centralized drug procurement policy were clarified.On the basis of policy concerns,combined with some theories and the implementation of drug centralized procurement policy,a primary evaluation index system was constructed.The index system was determined by expert consultation,and the weight of each index was calculated by analytic hierarchy process.Results and Conclusion The questionnaire recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were 88.23%and 100%,the coefficients of authority of experts were 0.86 and 0.80,and the expert coordination coefficients were 0.338 and 0.294,respectively.Finally,the evaluation index system for the policy of centralized drug procurement was established,which included 4 first-level indicators,10 second-level indicators and 23 third-level indicators.The evaluation index system constructed in this paper can not only make up for the deficiency of systematic evaluation of the policy effect of the current centralized drug procurement,but also provide reference for further improving this policy.
文摘Objective To quantitatively analyze the policy of centralized drug procurement centralized drug procurement in order to provide reference for the subsequent policy formulation and improvement.Methods Text mining method was used to process 15 centralized drugs procurement policies issued at the national level during 2015-2022,and a PMC index evaluation model of centralized drug procurement policies was established.Then,15 centralized drug procurement policies were quantitatively analyzed from the overall and comparative perspective through an evaluation model.Results and Conclusion The average PMC index of 15 centralized drug procurement policies was 6.95,which was acceptable on the whole.Among them,eight were excellent and seven were acceptable.As to the first-order variables,the centralized drugs procurement policy still lacks incentives and constraints.The comparative results show that there are differences in the content and structure of policies,but they are strongly related to each other.Chinese centralized drug procurement policy has been basically formed,which is closely related to medical insurance and medical policies.However,it is still necessary to pay attention to the structure of the policy to ensure the elaboration of the policy content.
文摘The centralized procurement of drugs in the medical system is a key link,which not only affects the economic effect of institutions,but also relates to the medical quality and patient safety.In the current era,centralized drug procurement in hospitals can meet the needs of most patients;however,the specific steps of the work still need to be optimized.Starting from the level of hospital drug centralized procurement work,this paper discusses the policy background,analyzes the practice of drug centralized procurement in tertiary hospitals,and provides specific work management suggestions,aiming to improve work efficiency and serve as a reference for optimizing subsequent hospital drug centralized procurement work.
基金supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Projects(2024KJGG27)of Tianfu Yongxing Laboratorythe Experimental Platform Open Innovation Funding(209042025003)of Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute,Tsinghua University.
文摘As the development of new power systems progresses,the inherent inertia of power systems continues to diminish.Centralized frequency regulation,which relies on rapid communication and real-time control,can enable inverter-based thermostatically controlled load(ITCL)clusters to provide virtual inertia support to the power grid.However,ITCL clusters exhibit significant discrete response characteristics,which precludes the direct integration of load-side inertia support into the synchronous unit side.To address this issue,this paper elaborates on the existing technical framework and analyzes the underlying causes of the problem.It proposes a timestamp allocation mechanism for ITCL cluster control instructions,ensuring that many ITCL terminals can be triggered at staggered times,thereby allowing the load cluster power to adhere to the inertia analog control law at any moment.Building on this foundation,the paper further examines the impact of the inertia response delay of ITCL clusters,which is based on centralized frequency regulation,on the stability of the power system.A design scheme for inertia analog control parameters is proposed,taking into account dual constraints,frequency stability and load cluster regulation capacity.Finally,the feasibility and applicability of the proposed mechanism and parameter design scheme are investigated through simulations conducted via MATLAB/Simulink.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2021YFC2501200(to PC).
文摘Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
基金supported by ANR(ANR-21CE16-0008-01)ANR(ANR-21-CE16-0008-02 and ANR-23CE52-0007)+1 种基金UNADEV(A22018CS)(to HN)UNADEV(A22020CS)(to SB)。
文摘The mature central nervous system(CNS,composed of the brain,spinal cord,olfactory and optic nerves)is unable to regenerate spontaneously after an insult,both in the cases of neurodegenerative diseases(for example Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease)or traumatic injuries(such as spinal cord lesions).In the last 20 years,the field has made significant progress in unlocking axon regrowth.
基金Supported by research fund from Chosun University Hospital,2022.
文摘AIM:To compare the intravitreal brolucizumab and bevacizumab injections for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(cCSC).METHODS:Patients with cCSC were classified into bevacizumab and brolucizumab group.The proportion of complete resolution of subretinal fluid(SRF),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT),and subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:A total of 40 eyes from 40 patients with aged 34-59y were enrolled in the study.Twenty eyes in bevacizumab group(17 males)and 20 eyes(18 males)in brolucizumab group.Comparing the proportion of complete resolution of SRF,the brolucizumab group was statistically significantly higher than the bevacizumab group(P<0.05).In 1mo,CMT was significantly reduced in the brolucizumab group compared to the bevacizumab group(265±69 vs 319±70μm;P=0.021).However,there was no significant difference in CMT between the two groups at 2 and 3mo(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Brolucizumab is anatomically and functionally superior to bevacizumab in the treatment of patients with cCSC.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42571311).
文摘Central Asia is characterized by an arid climate and widespread desert distribution,with its sustainable development severely constrained by dust events.An objective understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and driving forces of dust weather is highly important in this area.Based on the meteorological observations from 2000 to 2020,we examined the spatiotemporal characteristics of dust weather in the five Central Asian countries(Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Turkmenistan,and Tajikistan)via Theil-Sen trend analysis and Geodetector modeling method,quantitatively revealing the influence of environmental factors,such as temperature,precipitation,and vegetation,on the frequency of dust weather.The results showed that:(1)dust weather in Central Asia was mainly distributed in a large''dust belt''extending from west to east from northern part of the Caspian lowland desert,and concentrated in basins,plains,and other low-altitude areas.Strong dust weather mainly occurred in northern areas of the Aral Sea and southern edge of Central Asia,with a maximum annual frequency of 21.9%;(2)strong dust weather in Central Asia has fluctuated and slightly decreased since 2001.The highest frequency(1.1%)occurred in spring(from March to June);(3)from 2000 to 2020,changes such as spot shifting and shrinking occurred in the four main source areas(north of the Aral Sea,Kyzylkum Desert,Karakum Desert,and Garabogazköl Bay region),where sandstorms occurred in Central Asia,and northern Caspian lowland desert became the most important low-emission dust source in Central Asia;and(4)the combined effect of soil moisture and air temperature has the most significant influence on dust weather in Central Asia.This study provides a theoretical basis for sand prevention and sand control in Central Asia.In the future,Central Asia should focus on the rational utilization of land and water resources,and implement human interventions such as vegetation restoration and optimization of irrigation methods to curb further desertification in this area.
基金Central High-Level Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Project of Eye Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Science(No.GSP5-83,No.GSP4-02No.GSP5-06)+1 种基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(General ProgramNo.82474582).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of ranibizumab on optic disc and macular microvascular perfusion in central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)with macular edema(ME).METHODS:Optical coherence tomography angiology(OCTA)parameters,including optic disc vessel density(VD;including whole-disc VD,intra-disc VD,and peripapillary VD),superficial/deep capillary plexus(SCP/DCP)VD,and central macular thickness(CMT)were analyzed.Additional assessments included best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)via Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)chart and hemorheological profiling.CRVO patients received monthly intravitreal ranibizumab injections for three consecutive months.Pre-and post-treatment parameters were statistically compared.RESULTS:The study comprised 60 CRVO-ME patients(28 males;32 females),aged 50-78y(mean 63.3±7.6y)and 60 age-/sex-matched healthy controls.As compared with participants exhibiting normal funduscopic findings,CRVO patients demonstrated significantly elevated levels of low-shear-rate whole blood viscosity(LSR-WBV),high-shearrate whole blood viscosity(HSR-WBV),and aggregation index(AI,all P<0.05).In CRVO-affected eyes,vertical cupto-disc(C/D)ratio and optic cup volume were significantly smaller,whereas retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness was significantly greater,compared to both unaffected contralateral eyes and normal control eyes(all P<0.05).Following treatment,VD of the entire optic disc(P<0.05),intra-disc VD(P<0.05),and peripapillary VD(P<0.05)all increased significantly relative to baseline.CMT decreased significantly(P<0.05),whereas macular SCP-VD and macular DCP-VD showed non-significant slight reductions(P>0.05).At baseline,BCVA of CRVO eyes correlated with whole-disc VD(r=-0.276,P=0.033),intra-disc VD(r=-0.342,P=0.009),and peripapillary VD(r=-0.335,P=0.007),with intra-disc VD demonstrating the strongest association.Besides,BCVA improvement,after the treatment,correlated positively with whole-disc VD(r=0.342,P=0.008)and intradisc VD(r=0.396,P=0.002).CONCLUSION:Optic disc blood perfusion is more closely associated with visual acuity than macular perfusion,suggesting intra-disc VD may serve as a potential biomarker for monitoring visual acuity changes in CRVO.Multiple ranibizumab injections significantly improve optic disc perfusion but may have exerted detrimental effects on the macula.CRVO patients shows higher hemorheological parameters than those with normal fundi.Reduced vertical C/D ratio and optic cup volume may be linked to CRVO incidence,potentially acting as susceptibility factors.
基金Supported by General Project of Shanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2023ZYYA007&2024ZYY2D009)Young Scientists Project of Shanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology(202203021212026)Scientific and Technological Innovation Capacity Cultivation Program for Basic and Clinical Cooperative Research Project of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine(2024PY-JL-23-01).
文摘This study makes an in-depth exploration of the core pathogenesis of chronic atrophic gastritis,Qi Deficiency with Stagnation,to systematically interpret it within the theoretical framework of Achieving Central Harmony,and to provide a treatment plan.Professor Li Tingquan believes that the occurrence and development of chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)is fundamentally a process of harmony imbalance of the spleen and stomach.Its specific manifestation lies in the interaction between qi deficiency and stagnation,namely,spleen deficiency as the root cause,and qi stagnation,phlegm-dampness,and blood stasis obstructing the middle energizer as the secondary manifestations.These factors are mutually causal and interact with one another.Based on this,he proposed a four-step method to treat the disease:eliminating pathogenic factors,harmonizing the spleen and stomach,activating blood circulation to resolve stasis,and tonifying the kidney to generate blood(metaphorically described as"closing the mountains to cultivate forests and thicken the soil,breeding seeds and irrigating for stomach recovery").This approach aims to restore the harmonious state of the middle energizer,providing a complete clinical framework of theory,principle,formula,and herbs for the prevention and treatment of CAG.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82474468the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,No.2024RC3200+3 种基金the Health Commission Talent Project of Hunan Province,No.20240304118the Scientific Research Project of Hunan Department of Education,No.23A0281the Open Fund for Chinese Medicine Powder and Innovative Drugs in the Cultivation Base of the Provincial-Ministry Jointly Established State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine,No.23PTKF1013the Training Plan of Outstanding Innovative Youth of Changsha,No.kq2009018(all to PM)。
文摘Over the past few decades,the Sonic Hedgehog protein has become a pivotal player in many biological processes,including tumourigenesis,embryonic development,and protective mechanisms after cerebral damage.The Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway is crucial in the central nervous system,with implications in a diverse range of diseases,including Parkinson's disease,Alzheimer's disease,spinal cord injury,traumatic brain injury,depression,Sonic Hedgehog medulloblastoma,and stroke.In this comprehensive review,we examined Sonic Hedgehog from the perspective of canonical and non-canonical pathways,elucidating their complex connections to the central nervous system.Subsequently,we summarize the latest advancements in drug therapies that offer novel strategies for treating neurological diseases by modulating the Sonic Hedgehog protein.Finally,we summarize and extend the technologies and tools for studying the Sonic Hedgehog signaling field,with the aim of providing new research ideas and methods.
基金supported by the Water Pollution Control and Management (No. 2009ZX07419-002-2,2009ZX07419-003)the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (No.2007DFA90510)
文摘The characteristics of ammonia in drinking water sources in China were evaluated during 2005-2009. The spatial distribution and seasonal changes of ammonia in different types of drinking water sources of 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 4 municipalities were investigated. The levels of ammonia in drinking water sources follow the order of fiver 〉 lake/reservoir 〉 groundwater. The levels of ammonia concentration in river sources gradually decreased from 2005 to 2008, while no obvious change was observed in the lakes/reservoirs and groundwater drinking water sources. The proportion of the type of drinking water sources is different in different regions. In river drinking water sources, the ammonia level was varied in different regions and changed seasonally. The highest value and wide range of annual ammonia was found in South East region, while the lowest value was found in Southwest region. In lake/reservoir drinking water sources, the ammonia levels were not varied obviously in different regions. In underground drinking water sources, the ammonia levels were varied obviously in different regions due to the geological permeability and the natural features of regions. In the drinking water sources with higher ammonia levels, there are enterprises and wastewater drainages in the protected areas of the drinking water sources.
基金Supported by Grants from the Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province China,No.2001C23140National Technology RD Program in the 12th Five-Year Plan of China,No.2012BAI06B02+3 种基金the Major Technology Project as part of"Prevention and Control of Major Infectious Diseases including AIDS and Viral Hepatitis",No.2013ZX10004216-002the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project,No.2012YQ180117the Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhejiang Province,No.2012KYB248the Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang province,No.2011C23140
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of centralized culture and possible influencing factors.METHODS:From January 2010 to July 2012,66452 patients with suspected Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection from 26 hospitals in Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces in China underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy.Gastric mucosal biopsies were taken from the antrum for culture.These biopsies were transported under natural environmental temperature to the central laboratory in Hangzhou city and divided into three groups based on their transport time:5,24 and 48 h.The culture results were reported after 72 h and the positive culture rates were analyzed by a χ2 test.An additional 5736 biopsies from H.pylori-positive patients(5646 rapid urease test-positive and 90 14C-urease breath test-positive) were also cultured for quality control in the central laboratory setting.RESULTS:The positive culture rate was 31.66%(21036/66452) for the patient samples and 71.72%(4114/5736) for the H.pylori-positive quality control specimens.In the 5 h transport group,the positiveculture rate was 30.99%(3865/12471),and 32.84%(14960/45553) in the 24 h transport group.In contrast,the positive culture rate declined significantly in the 48 h transport group(26.25%; P < 0.001).During transportation,the average natural temperature increased from 4.67 to 29.14℃,while the positive culture rate declined from 36.67%(1462/3987) to 24.12%(1799/7459).When the temperature exceeded 24℃,the positive culture rate decreased significantly,especially in the 48 h transport group(23.17%).CONCLUSION:Transportation of specimens within 24 h and below 24℃ is reasonable and acceptable for centralized culture of multicenter H.pylori samples.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U1766201)the State Grid Science and Technology Project (Title: Research on China’s New Energy Resources & Development Roadmap)
文摘Global renewable energy has maintained a steady growth in recent years, mainly fostered by national policies and increasing demand. Analyzing the experience of renewable energy development in developed countries can be important to provide reference and guidance for its adoption in other countries. First, we compare and summarize definitions of distributed generation from 18 leading countries and organizations in renewable energy. On this basis, we provide three basic characteristics for successful distributed generation using renewable resources. Then, we empirically analyze the distributed and centralized development of renewable energy in Germany with focus on wind and photovoltaic power. We determined that 95% of the photovoltaic generation and 85% of the wind power generation is distributed in Germany, suggesting that the most suitable generation mode for renewable energy is the distributed approach.
文摘This study aims to analyze the clinical use of ornidazole injection at the post-marketing stage by centralized hospital monitoring system method,and investigate its widespread use in patients,in order to regulate and guide the rational drug use,improve the drug specificity and provide a basis for drug therapy.The study adopts a prospective,multi-center,large sample size,centralized hospital monitoring system.We selected five leading hospitals in Hubei province,and observed the inpatients who received the ornidazole injection from July 1,2015 to October 31,2015.The basic information of patients was recorded,as well as the drug use and adverse events.The statistical analysis was performed based on these data.A total of 4396 individuals were enrolled in this study,most of them were middle-aged female patients and the ornidazole injection was mainly used as prophylactic prior to surgery to prevent the infections,and surgical treatment of anaerobic infections,abdominal infections and pelvic infections.The irrational drug use existed mainly in the prescribing and administration process,including unreasonable dosing frequency,rapid intravenous drip speed and extended duration of drug use.Eleven cases of adverse reactions were collected during the monitoring,incidence rate of adverse reactions was 2.5‰;adverse drug reactions occurred within 30 min.The study results fully reflected the usage of ornidazole injection in the real world.Based on the study,we calculated the adverse reaction incidence of ornidazole and identified the risk factors which may affect the safety of ornidazole injection.Study results strongly recommend that the manufacturers should publish standards for inpatient use and doctors should prescribe with caution accordingly.
文摘Based on the monitoring data of water quality of more than 40 centralized drinking water sources in 40 towns （townships or streets） of Kaixian County in the first and second half of each year during the ＂Twelfth Five-year Plan＂ period, the changing rules of the water quality were studied to provide scientific references for the improvement of drinking water safety of urban and rural residents and drinking water quality. The re- sults show that the water quality of centralized drinking water sources in Kaixian County improved year by year during the ＂Twelfth Five-year Plan＂ period, and most monitoring sites with water quality exceeding the standard are distributed in reservoirs. Total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and permanganate index exceeded the standard obviously. Main pollution sources are domestic pollution and non-point source pol- lution caused by excessive discharge of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants. To improve drinking water quality, it is suggested that some towns can get drinking water from other reservoirs, surface water or underground water with better quality instead of previous reservoirs with water quality exceeding the standard, and the control of non-point source pollution should be enhanced.
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic increased the burden on many healthcare systems and in the process,exposed the need for medical resources and physical space.While few studies discussed the efficient utilization of medical resources and physical space so far.Therefore,this study aimed to summarize experiences related to facilities used for centralized isolation for medical observation and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and to provide suggestions to further improve the management of confirmed cases,suspected cases,and close contacts.In China,three types of facilities for centralized isolation(Fangcang shelter hospitals,refitted non-designated hospitals,and quarantine hotels)underwent retrofitting for the treatment and isolation of confirmed and suspected cases.These facilities mitigated the immediate high demand for space.Moreover,in order to minimize infection risks in these facilities,regulators and governmental agencies implemented new designs,management measures,and precautionary measures to minimize infection risk.Other countries and regions could refer to China’s experience in optimally allocating social resources in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.As a conclusion,government should allocate social resources and construct centralized isolation and quarantine facilities for an emergency response,health authorities should issue regulations for centralized isolation facilities and pay strict attention to the daily management of these facilities,a multidisciplinary administration team is required to support the daily operation of a centralized isolation facility,in-depth studies and international collaboration on the centralized isolation policy are encouraged.
基金Project (No. 60373088) supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China
文摘With the rapid development of Virtual Private Network (VPN), many companies and organizations use VPN to implement their private communication. Traditionally, VPN uses security protocols to protect the confidentiality of data, the message integrity and the endpoint authentication. One core technique of VPN is tunneling, by which clients can access the in- ternal servers traversing VPN. However, the tunneling technique also introduces a concealed security hole. It is possible that if one vicious user can establish tunneling by the VPN server, he can compromise the internal servers behind the VPN server. So this paper presents a novel Application-layer based Centralized Information Access Control (ACIAC) for VPN to solve this problem. To implement an efficient, flexible and multi-decision access control model, we present two key techniques to ACIAC—the centralized management mechanism and the stream-based access control. Firstly, we implement the information center and the constraints/events center for ACIAC. By the two centers, we can provide an abstract access control mechanism, and the material access control can be decided dynamically by the ACIAC’s constraint/event mechanism. Then we logically classify the VPN communication traffic into the access stream and the data stream so that we can tightly couple the features of VPN communication with the access control model. We also provide the design of our ACIAC prototype in this paper.
