Objective: To assess the effects of various anesthetic techniques and PaCO2 levels on cerebral oxygen supply/consumption balance during craniotomy for removal of tumors, and to explore an anesthetic technique for neur...Objective: To assess the effects of various anesthetic techniques and PaCO2 levels on cerebral oxygen supply/consumption balance during craniotomy for removal of tumors, and to explore an anesthetic technique for neurosur-gery and an appropriate degree of PaCO2 during neuroanesthesia. Methods: One hundred and fourteen patients with supratentorial tumors for elective craniotomy, ASA grade I - II , were randomly allocated to six groups. Patients were anesthetized with continuous intravenous infusion of 2% procaine 1. 0 mg · kg-1 · min-1 in Group I , inhalation of 1. 0% - 1. 5% isoflurane in Group II , and infusion of 2% procaine 0. 5 mg·kg · min-1 combined with inhalation of 0.5% -0.7% isoflurane in Group III during the period of study. The end-tidal pressure of CO2(PET CO2 ) was maintained at 4.0 kPa in these 3 groups. In Group IV, V and VI, the anesthetic technique was the same as that in Group I but the PETCO2 was adjusted to 3. 5, 4. 0 and 4. 5 kPa respectively for 60 min during which the study was performed. The radial arterial and retrograde jugular venous blood samples were obtained at the onset and the end of this study for determining jugular venous bulb oxygen saturation ( SjvO2 ) , arteriovenous oxygen content difference (AVDO2) and cerebral extraction of oxygen (CEO2). Results: In Group I and I SjvO2, AVDO2 and CEO2 remained stable. Although SjvO2 kept constant, AVDO2 and CEO2 decreased significantly (P <0. 05) in Group II. Moreover, AVDO2 and CEO2 in Group II were significantly lower than those of Group III (P<0. 05). In Group IV, 60 min after hyperventilation, SjvO2 and jugular venous oxygen content ( CjvO2 ) decreased markedly (P < 0. 01 ) while CEO2 increased significantly ( P <0.01) . In addition, SjvO2, CjvO2 and CEO2 in Group IV were significantly different from the corresponding parameters in Group V and Group VI (P <0. 05) . In view of sustained excessive hyperventilation, SjvO2 was less than 50% in 37.5% patients of Group IV. Conclusion: Anesthesia with intravenous infusion of procaine combined with isoflurane inhalation proved to be more suitable for neurosurgery than procaine intravenous anesthesia or isoflurane inhalation anesthesia alone. PaCO2 at 4.0 -4. 5 kPa in patients undergoing craniocerebral surgery during neuroanesthesia would be beneficial in both decreasing ICP and maintaining cerebral oxygen supply/consumption balance.展开更多
目的探讨中心静脉-动脉二氧化碳分压差(Pcv-aCO_2)指导脓毒症患者容量管理的临床意义,观察中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO_2)联合Pcv-aCO_2能否更好地指导脓毒症患者容量管理。方法选取2012年1月—2013年1月河北医科大学第四医院ICU收治的重...目的探讨中心静脉-动脉二氧化碳分压差(Pcv-aCO_2)指导脓毒症患者容量管理的临床意义,观察中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO_2)联合Pcv-aCO_2能否更好地指导脓毒症患者容量管理。方法选取2012年1月—2013年1月河北医科大学第四医院ICU收治的重症脓毒症和脓毒症休克患者36例。患者入住ICU后置入双腔抗感染中心导管,尽早开始液体复苏治疗。记录液体复苏0 h(T0)、6 h(T6)、24 h(T24)时患者的心率(HR)、呼吸(RR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、血乳酸(Lac)、血肌酐(Scr)、血红蛋白(Hb)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、白细胞计数(WBC),采集T0、T6、T24桡动脉血气分析指标〔pH、动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(Pa CO2),并计算氧合指数(PaO_2/FiO_2)、碱剩余(BE)〕,上腔静脉血气分析指标〔pH、ScvO_2、上腔静脉血二氧化碳分压(Pcv CO2),计算Pcv-aCO_2〕。根据液体复苏后24 h ScvO_2和Pcv-aCO_2分为4组:组1:ScvO_2>70%,Pcv-aCO_2<6 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa);组2:ScvO_2>70%,Pcv-aCO_2≥6 mm Hg;组3:ScvO_2≤70%,Pcv-aCO_2<6 mm Hg;组4:ScvO_2≤70%,Pcv-aCO_2≥6 mm Hg。比较4组患者生理指标、生化指标及血气分析,并计算患者24 h液体入量及Lac清除率、机械通气时间、入住ICU时间、住院时间、ICU病死率、28 d病死率。结果液体复苏不同时刻,患者MAP、Scr、Hb比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);患者HR、CVP、Pcv-aCO_2、ScvO_2、pH、BE、Lac、PaO_2/FiO_2比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中T6、T24的HR、Pcv-aCO_2、Lac低于T0,CVP、ScvO_2、pH、BE、PaO_2/FiO_2高于T0;T24的HR、Pcv-aCO_2、Lac低于T6,CVP、ScvO_2、BE、PaO_2/FiO_2高于T6,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T0、T6、T24时,Pcv-aCO_2与Lac、BE、pH均无直线相关关系(P>0.05)。T0、T6、T24时,Pcv-aCO_2与ScvO_2呈负相关(r=-0.755、-0.920、-0.858,P<0.05)。Pcv-aCO_2与6 hLac清除率、24 hLac清除率呈负相关(r=-0.365、-0.864,P<0.05)。4组患者T24时MAP、HR、Hb、Scr、Lac、BE、pH、PaO_2/FiO_2、ScvO_2比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);4组患者Pcv-aCO_2比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4组患者24hLac清除率及24 h液体入量比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);其中组2、组3和组4 24 hLac清除率及24 h液体入量均低于组1,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4组患者机械通气时间、入住ICU时间、住院时间、ICU病死率、28 d病死率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 Pcv-aCO_2可以作为指导重症脓毒症和脓毒症休克患者液体复苏的指标,ScvO_2联合Pcv-aCO_2指导容量管理,两者均达标的患者所需液体量最多,Lac清除率最高,可以避免ScvO_2假性正常化而停止液体复苏。展开更多
目的探讨中心静动脉血二氧化碳分压差（Pcv—aCO2）和早期乳酸清除率在评估感染性休克患者预后中的临床意义。方法选取2010-01—2013—10收住我院重症医学科的82例经早期目标导向治疗（EGDT）达标的感染性休克患者进行前瞻性观察研究，...目的探讨中心静动脉血二氧化碳分压差（Pcv—aCO2）和早期乳酸清除率在评估感染性休克患者预后中的临床意义。方法选取2010-01—2013—10收住我院重症医学科的82例经早期目标导向治疗（EGDT）达标的感染性休克患者进行前瞻性观察研究，记录入院6hPcv—aCO2及患者入院后第-个24h急性生理学和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ（acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ，APACHEⅡ）评分和全身性感染相关性器官衰竭（SOFA）评分；并记录入院时、人院6h、入院24h动脉血乳酸，计算早期乳酸清除率；以入院6hPcv—aCO2高低分为两组：A组（Pcv—aCO2〈6mmHg）和B组（Pcv—aCO2≥6mmHg），比较两组患者乳酸清除率、SOFA评分及病死率。以6h乳酸清除率高低分为两组：c组（乳酸清除率≤10％）和D组（乳酸清除率〉10％），比较两组患者的28天病死率。根据28天病程转归分为死亡组（32例）和存活组（50例），比较两组患者不同时间动脉血乳酸浓度、APACHEⅡ评分。结果B组较A组乳酸清除率低，SOFA评分及病死率高，入院6hPcv—aCO2与6h乳酸清除率存在负相关（r=-0．324，P=0．003）。D组病死率低于C组（P〈0．05）。存活组APACHEⅡ评分较死亡组高，而入院时、6h、24h动脉血乳酸浓度均低于死亡组（P〈0．05）。结论6hPcv—aC02和6h乳酸清除率可作为判断感染性休克患者预后的指标。展开更多
目的 探讨中心静脉-动脉血二氧化碳分压差值（Pcv-aCO2）在评估严重脓毒症患者预后中的临床价值.方法收集入住我院ICU 96例经过早期液体复苏治疗后中心静脉血氧饱和度（ScvO2）≥70%的严重脓毒症患者的APACHEⅡ评分、ScvO2、6 h Pcv-aCO...目的 探讨中心静脉-动脉血二氧化碳分压差值（Pcv-aCO2）在评估严重脓毒症患者预后中的临床价值.方法收集入住我院ICU 96例经过早期液体复苏治疗后中心静脉血氧饱和度（ScvO2）≥70%的严重脓毒症患者的APACHEⅡ评分、ScvO2、6 h Pcv-aCO2、6 h动脉血乳酸清除率和预后的相关资料.按预后不同将患者分为存活组（n=61）和死亡组（n=35）;以Pcv-aCO2 6 mm Hg为界分为高Pcv-aCO2组（≥6 mm Hg,n=40）和低Pcv-aCO2组（〈6 mm Hg,n=56）,比较存活组与死亡组、高Pcv-aCO2组与低Pcv-aCO2组之间相关数值的差异.结果 各组治疗前APACHEⅡ评分、ScvO2、动脉血乳酸比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05 ）.存活组6 h Pcv-aCO2（3.15±1.54） mm Hg,明显低于死亡组[（8.34±1.89）mm Hg,P〈0.01];低Pcv-aCO2组病死率（28.57%）明显低于高Pcv-aCO2组（47.50%,P〈0.05）.存活组和低Pcv-aCO2组6 h血乳酸清除率（26.54±11.21）%和（28.16±12.39）%,明显高于死亡组[（14.96±10.93）%]和高Pcv-aCO2组[（13.82±13.54）%,均P〈0.01].6 h Pcv-aCO2与6 h血乳酸清除率呈负相关（r=-0.719,P〈0.01）.结论早期Pcv-aCO2可作为评估严重脓毒症患者预后的一个指标.展开更多
基金Supported by the"Tenth five-year-plan"Medical Science Foundation of PLA(NO.01M118 to Dr.CHEN).
文摘Objective: To assess the effects of various anesthetic techniques and PaCO2 levels on cerebral oxygen supply/consumption balance during craniotomy for removal of tumors, and to explore an anesthetic technique for neurosur-gery and an appropriate degree of PaCO2 during neuroanesthesia. Methods: One hundred and fourteen patients with supratentorial tumors for elective craniotomy, ASA grade I - II , were randomly allocated to six groups. Patients were anesthetized with continuous intravenous infusion of 2% procaine 1. 0 mg · kg-1 · min-1 in Group I , inhalation of 1. 0% - 1. 5% isoflurane in Group II , and infusion of 2% procaine 0. 5 mg·kg · min-1 combined with inhalation of 0.5% -0.7% isoflurane in Group III during the period of study. The end-tidal pressure of CO2(PET CO2 ) was maintained at 4.0 kPa in these 3 groups. In Group IV, V and VI, the anesthetic technique was the same as that in Group I but the PETCO2 was adjusted to 3. 5, 4. 0 and 4. 5 kPa respectively for 60 min during which the study was performed. The radial arterial and retrograde jugular venous blood samples were obtained at the onset and the end of this study for determining jugular venous bulb oxygen saturation ( SjvO2 ) , arteriovenous oxygen content difference (AVDO2) and cerebral extraction of oxygen (CEO2). Results: In Group I and I SjvO2, AVDO2 and CEO2 remained stable. Although SjvO2 kept constant, AVDO2 and CEO2 decreased significantly (P <0. 05) in Group II. Moreover, AVDO2 and CEO2 in Group II were significantly lower than those of Group III (P<0. 05). In Group IV, 60 min after hyperventilation, SjvO2 and jugular venous oxygen content ( CjvO2 ) decreased markedly (P < 0. 01 ) while CEO2 increased significantly ( P <0.01) . In addition, SjvO2, CjvO2 and CEO2 in Group IV were significantly different from the corresponding parameters in Group V and Group VI (P <0. 05) . In view of sustained excessive hyperventilation, SjvO2 was less than 50% in 37.5% patients of Group IV. Conclusion: Anesthesia with intravenous infusion of procaine combined with isoflurane inhalation proved to be more suitable for neurosurgery than procaine intravenous anesthesia or isoflurane inhalation anesthesia alone. PaCO2 at 4.0 -4. 5 kPa in patients undergoing craniocerebral surgery during neuroanesthesia would be beneficial in both decreasing ICP and maintaining cerebral oxygen supply/consumption balance.
文摘目的探讨中心静脉-动脉二氧化碳分压差(Pcv-aCO_2)指导脓毒症患者容量管理的临床意义,观察中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO_2)联合Pcv-aCO_2能否更好地指导脓毒症患者容量管理。方法选取2012年1月—2013年1月河北医科大学第四医院ICU收治的重症脓毒症和脓毒症休克患者36例。患者入住ICU后置入双腔抗感染中心导管,尽早开始液体复苏治疗。记录液体复苏0 h(T0)、6 h(T6)、24 h(T24)时患者的心率(HR)、呼吸(RR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、血乳酸(Lac)、血肌酐(Scr)、血红蛋白(Hb)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、白细胞计数(WBC),采集T0、T6、T24桡动脉血气分析指标〔pH、动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(Pa CO2),并计算氧合指数(PaO_2/FiO_2)、碱剩余(BE)〕,上腔静脉血气分析指标〔pH、ScvO_2、上腔静脉血二氧化碳分压(Pcv CO2),计算Pcv-aCO_2〕。根据液体复苏后24 h ScvO_2和Pcv-aCO_2分为4组:组1:ScvO_2>70%,Pcv-aCO_2<6 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa);组2:ScvO_2>70%,Pcv-aCO_2≥6 mm Hg;组3:ScvO_2≤70%,Pcv-aCO_2<6 mm Hg;组4:ScvO_2≤70%,Pcv-aCO_2≥6 mm Hg。比较4组患者生理指标、生化指标及血气分析,并计算患者24 h液体入量及Lac清除率、机械通气时间、入住ICU时间、住院时间、ICU病死率、28 d病死率。结果液体复苏不同时刻,患者MAP、Scr、Hb比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);患者HR、CVP、Pcv-aCO_2、ScvO_2、pH、BE、Lac、PaO_2/FiO_2比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中T6、T24的HR、Pcv-aCO_2、Lac低于T0,CVP、ScvO_2、pH、BE、PaO_2/FiO_2高于T0;T24的HR、Pcv-aCO_2、Lac低于T6,CVP、ScvO_2、BE、PaO_2/FiO_2高于T6,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T0、T6、T24时,Pcv-aCO_2与Lac、BE、pH均无直线相关关系(P>0.05)。T0、T6、T24时,Pcv-aCO_2与ScvO_2呈负相关(r=-0.755、-0.920、-0.858,P<0.05)。Pcv-aCO_2与6 hLac清除率、24 hLac清除率呈负相关(r=-0.365、-0.864,P<0.05)。4组患者T24时MAP、HR、Hb、Scr、Lac、BE、pH、PaO_2/FiO_2、ScvO_2比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);4组患者Pcv-aCO_2比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4组患者24hLac清除率及24 h液体入量比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);其中组2、组3和组4 24 hLac清除率及24 h液体入量均低于组1,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4组患者机械通气时间、入住ICU时间、住院时间、ICU病死率、28 d病死率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 Pcv-aCO_2可以作为指导重症脓毒症和脓毒症休克患者液体复苏的指标,ScvO_2联合Pcv-aCO_2指导容量管理,两者均达标的患者所需液体量最多,Lac清除率最高,可以避免ScvO_2假性正常化而停止液体复苏。
文摘目的探讨中心静动脉血二氧化碳分压差（Pcv—aCO2）和早期乳酸清除率在评估感染性休克患者预后中的临床意义。方法选取2010-01—2013—10收住我院重症医学科的82例经早期目标导向治疗（EGDT）达标的感染性休克患者进行前瞻性观察研究，记录入院6hPcv—aCO2及患者入院后第-个24h急性生理学和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ（acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ，APACHEⅡ）评分和全身性感染相关性器官衰竭（SOFA）评分；并记录入院时、人院6h、入院24h动脉血乳酸，计算早期乳酸清除率；以入院6hPcv—aCO2高低分为两组：A组（Pcv—aCO2〈6mmHg）和B组（Pcv—aCO2≥6mmHg），比较两组患者乳酸清除率、SOFA评分及病死率。以6h乳酸清除率高低分为两组：c组（乳酸清除率≤10％）和D组（乳酸清除率〉10％），比较两组患者的28天病死率。根据28天病程转归分为死亡组（32例）和存活组（50例），比较两组患者不同时间动脉血乳酸浓度、APACHEⅡ评分。结果B组较A组乳酸清除率低，SOFA评分及病死率高，入院6hPcv—aCO2与6h乳酸清除率存在负相关（r=-0．324，P=0．003）。D组病死率低于C组（P〈0．05）。存活组APACHEⅡ评分较死亡组高，而入院时、6h、24h动脉血乳酸浓度均低于死亡组（P〈0．05）。结论6hPcv—aC02和6h乳酸清除率可作为判断感染性休克患者预后的指标。
文摘目的 探讨中心静脉-动脉血二氧化碳分压差值（Pcv-aCO2）在评估严重脓毒症患者预后中的临床价值.方法收集入住我院ICU 96例经过早期液体复苏治疗后中心静脉血氧饱和度（ScvO2）≥70%的严重脓毒症患者的APACHEⅡ评分、ScvO2、6 h Pcv-aCO2、6 h动脉血乳酸清除率和预后的相关资料.按预后不同将患者分为存活组（n=61）和死亡组（n=35）;以Pcv-aCO2 6 mm Hg为界分为高Pcv-aCO2组（≥6 mm Hg,n=40）和低Pcv-aCO2组（〈6 mm Hg,n=56）,比较存活组与死亡组、高Pcv-aCO2组与低Pcv-aCO2组之间相关数值的差异.结果 各组治疗前APACHEⅡ评分、ScvO2、动脉血乳酸比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05 ）.存活组6 h Pcv-aCO2（3.15±1.54） mm Hg,明显低于死亡组[（8.34±1.89）mm Hg,P〈0.01];低Pcv-aCO2组病死率（28.57%）明显低于高Pcv-aCO2组（47.50%,P〈0.05）.存活组和低Pcv-aCO2组6 h血乳酸清除率（26.54±11.21）%和（28.16±12.39）%,明显高于死亡组[（14.96±10.93）%]和高Pcv-aCO2组[（13.82±13.54）%,均P〈0.01].6 h Pcv-aCO2与6 h血乳酸清除率呈负相关（r=-0.719,P〈0.01）.结论早期Pcv-aCO2可作为评估严重脓毒症患者预后的一个指标.
