AIM To examine the effect of center size on survival differences between simultaneous liver kidney transplantation(SLKT) and liver transplantation alone(LTA) in SLKT-listed patients.METHODS The United Network of Organ...AIM To examine the effect of center size on survival differences between simultaneous liver kidney transplantation(SLKT) and liver transplantation alone(LTA) in SLKT-listed patients.METHODS The United Network of Organ Sharing database was queried for patients ≥ 18 years of age listed for SLKT between February 2002 and December 2015. Posttransplant survival was evaluated using stratified Cox regression with interaction between transplant type(LTA vs SLKT) and center volume.RESULTS During the study period, 393 of 4580 patients(9%) listed for SLKT underwent a LTA. Overall mortality was higher among LTA recipients(180/393, 46%) than SLKT recipients(1107/4187, 26%). The Cox model predicted a significant survival disadvantage for patients receiving LTA vs SLKT [hazard ratio, hazard ratio(HR) = 2.85; 95%CI: 2.21, 3.66; P < 0.001] in centers performing 30 SLKT over the study period. This disadvantage was modestly attenuated as center SLKT volume increased, with a 3% reduction(HR = 0.97; 95%CI: 0.95, 0.99; P = 0.010) for every 10 SLKs performed.CONCLUSION In conclusion, LTA is associated with increased mortality among patients listed for SLKT. This difference is modestly attenuated at more experienced centers and may explain inconsistencies between smaller-center and larger registry-wide studies comparing SLKT and LTA outcomes.展开更多
In the current scenario of modern transplantation medicine,and thanks to the improved outcomes of liver transplantation(LT)in adult patients,the number of transplants performed is increasing,though the gap between org...In the current scenario of modern transplantation medicine,and thanks to the improved outcomes of liver transplantation(LT)in adult patients,the number of transplants performed is increasing,though the gap between organ demand and supply persists(1).展开更多
Air pollution in China covers a large area with complex sources and formation mechanisms,making it a unique place to conduct air pollution and atmospheric chemistry research.The National Natural Science Foundation of ...Air pollution in China covers a large area with complex sources and formation mechanisms,making it a unique place to conduct air pollution and atmospheric chemistry research.The National Natural Science Foundation of China’s Major Research Plan entitled“Fundamental Researches on the Formation and Response Mechanism of the Air Pollution Complex in China”(or the Plan)has funded 76 research projects to explore the causes of air pollution in China,and the key processes of air pollution in atmospheric physics and atmospheric chemistry.In order to summarize the abundant data from the Plan and exhibit the long-term impacts domestically and internationally,an integration project is responsible for collecting the various types of data generated by the 76 projects of the Plan.This project has classified and integrated these data,forming eight categories containing 258 datasets and 15 technical reports in total.The integration project has led to the successful establishment of the China Air Pollution Data Center(CAPDC)platform,providing storage,retrieval,and download services for the eight categories.This platform has distinct features including data visualization,related project information querying,and bilingual services in both English and Chinese,which allows for rapid searching and downloading of data and provides a solid foundation of data and support for future related research.Air pollution control in China,especially in the past decade,is undeniably a global exemplar,and this data center is the first in China to focus on research into the country’s air pollution complex.展开更多
The growth of computing power in data centers(DCs)leads to an increase in energy consumption and noise pollution of air cooling systems.Chip-level cooling with high-efficiency coolant is one of the promising methods t...The growth of computing power in data centers(DCs)leads to an increase in energy consumption and noise pollution of air cooling systems.Chip-level cooling with high-efficiency coolant is one of the promising methods to address the cooling challenge for high-power devices in DCs.Hybrid nanofluid(HNF)has the advantages of high thermal conductivity and good rheological properties.This study summarizes the numerical investigations of HNFs in mini/micro heat sinks,including the numerical methods,hydrothermal characteristics,and enhanced heat transfer technologies.The innovations of this paper include:(1)the characteristics,applicable conditions,and scenarios of each theoretical method and numerical method are clarified;(2)the molecular dynamics(MD)simulation can reveal the synergy effect,micro motion,and agglomeration morphology of different nanoparticles.Machine learning(ML)presents a feasiblemethod for parameter prediction,which provides the opportunity for the intelligent regulation of the thermal performance of HNFs;(3)the HNFs flowboiling and the synergy of passive and active technologies may further improve the overall efficiency of liquid cooling systems in DCs.This review provides valuable insights and references for exploring the multi-phase flow and heat transport mechanisms of HNFs,and promoting the practical application of HNFs in chip-level liquid cooling in DCs.展开更多
The technology of solid-state lighting has developed for decades in various industries.Phosphor,as an element part,determines the application domain of lighting products.For instance,blue and redemitting phosphors are...The technology of solid-state lighting has developed for decades in various industries.Phosphor,as an element part,determines the application domain of lighting products.For instance,blue and redemitting phosphors are required in the process of plant supplementing light,arrow-band emitting phosphors are applied to backlight displays,etc.In this work,a Bi^(3+)-activated blue phosphor was obtained in a symmetrical and co mpact crystal structure of Gd3Sb07(GSO).Then,the co-doping strategy of alkali metal ions(Li^(+),Na^(+),and K^(+))was used to optimize the performance.The result shows that the photoluminescence intensity is increased by 2.1 times and 1.3 times respectively by introducing Li~+and K^(+)ions.Not only that,it also achieves narrow-band emitting with the full width of half-maximum(FWHM)reaching 42 nm through Na^(+)doping,and its excitation peak position also shifts from 322 to 375 nm,which can be well excited by near-ultraviolet(NUV)light emitting diode(LED)chips(365 nm).Meanwhile,the electroluminescence spectrum of GSO:0.6 mol%Bi^(3+),3 wt%Na^(+)matches up to 93.39%of the blue part of the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a.In summary,the Bi^(3+)-activated blue phosphor reported in this work can synchronously meet the requirements of plant light replenishment and field emission displays.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is an invasive endoscopic procedure used mainly to treat hepato-pancreato-biliary(HPB)diseases.The need for ERCP has increased with the rising number of H...BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is an invasive endoscopic procedure used mainly to treat hepato-pancreato-biliary(HPB)diseases.The need for ERCP has increased with the rising number of HPB diseases over the past decade.Thus,due to increased demand,ERCP is performed at more centers.Currently,it is performed by general surgeons,gastroenterology and invasive radiology specialists in the United States and Europe as recommended by the British Society of Gastroenterology(BSG).AIM To present the results of ERCP procedures from fourteen surgical centers in Türkiye.METHODS Fourteen surgical centers performing ERCP were included in the present study.The age,gender,ERCP indication,success status,post-ERCP complications,ERCP reports and the files of 66993 patients who underwent ERCP were collected from the participating centers.The results are discussed according to the targets declared by the BSG,which are volume load per annum,proportion of successful cannulation(>85%),bile duct clearance rate(>75%),stenting rate for strictures(>80%)and complications(<6%).RESULTS A total of 66993 ERCP procedures were performed in the centers included in the study up to August 2024.29250(43.6%)of the procedures were performed urgently,especially for suppurative cholangitis,biliary tract injuries,etc.The remaining 37743(56.4%)cases were performed electively.50.2%of the patients were female and 49.8%were male.The average ages were 56.5 years for women and 55.9 years for men.General anesthesia was used in 84.1%of the patients while sedation was used in 15.9%.The indications were bile duct stone(78.7%),pancreatic tumor(3.9%),papillary tumor(3.3%),cholangiocarcinoma(2.6%),Oddi sphincter dysfunction(2.4%),bile leakage after cholecystectomy(2%),bile leakage after hydatid cyst surgery(1.9%),biliary stricture(1.7%),and other diseases(3.1%).Hyperamylasemia and post-ERCP pancreatitis were the most common complications as observed in 8.1%of the patients.They were usually self-limited and responded to supportive measures.The frequency of the other complications was also consistent with the literature.CONCLUSION There is a huge shortage of ERCP endoscopists worldwide due to insufficient ERCP training and centers especially in developing and underdeveloped countries.As patients requiring ERCP usually present to surgical practitioners,the incorporation of surgeons into this training program is an effective and reliable solution.The BSG recommends the incorporation of surgeons and radiologists in addition to gastroenterology specialists.This study is the first to present the results of ERCP procedures from fourteen surgical centers throughout Türkiye.The results suggest that the surgical centers included were able to achieve the targets set by the BSG.This study demonstrated that the surgical ERCP units in the present work have reached satisfactory results and provided a reliable and successful ERCP service.There are currently no issues regarding the validity and appropriateness of the surgeons performing ERCP.Therefore,ERCP training should be encouraged in surgeons and more surgical ERCP centers should be provided.展开更多
Development of the telencephalon relies upon several signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical neuroepithelium.One such signaling center is the cortical hem,...Development of the telencephalon relies upon several signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical neuroepithelium.One such signaling center is the cortical hem,which arises during embryonic development at the telencephalic dorsal midline,adjacent to the choroid plexus and hippocampal primordium(Figure 1A).While the cortical hem has also been described in reptiles and birds,most of our knowledge about the developmental roles of the cortical hem is derived from the analysis in mice.The cortical hem produces several types of secreted molecules,including wingless-related integration site(Wnt)and bone morphogenetic(Bmp)proteins.The cortical hem is particularly important for the development of the hippocampus,which is involved in learning and memory,and the neocortex,which is the most complex brain region that mediates multiple types of behavior and higher cognitive functions(Mangale et al.,2008;Dal-Valle-Anton and Borrell,2022).展开更多
This work presents a method for the three-dimensional localization of individual shallow NV center in diamond,leveraging the near-field quenching effect of a gold tip.Our experimental setup involves the use of an atom...This work presents a method for the three-dimensional localization of individual shallow NV center in diamond,leveraging the near-field quenching effect of a gold tip.Our experimental setup involves the use of an atomic force microscope to precisely move the gold tip close to the NV center,while simultaneously employing a home-made confocal microscope to monitor the fluorescence of the NV center.This approach allows for lateral super-resolution,achieving a full width at half maximum(FWHM)of 38.0 nm and a location uncertainty of 0.7 nm.Additionally,we show the potential of this method for determining the depth of the NV centers.We also attempt to determine the depth of the NV centers in combination with finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)simulations.Compared to other depth determination methods,this approach allows for simultaneous lateral and longitudinal localization of individual NV centers,and holds promise for facilitating manipulation of the local environment surrounding the NV center.展开更多
The official unveiling of China Cultural Center in Bern signifies a new era of cultural exchange between China and Switzerland.The Center will serve as a vital platform for dialogue between Chinese and Swiss cultures.
Navigation satellites generally use satellite-ground and inter-satellite observation data for precise orbit determination.In orbit determination,the satellite position is often referenced to the satellite’s centroid,...Navigation satellites generally use satellite-ground and inter-satellite observation data for precise orbit determination.In orbit determination,the satellite position is often referenced to the satellite’s centroid,while the observational measurements are referenced to the satellite’s antenna phase center.The deviation between the satellite’s centroid and the antenna phase center forms the satellite antenna phase center error,which affects the precision of orbit determination.This paper takes a global navigation satellite system(GNSS)MEO satellite as an example and analyzes the actual situation of the satellite antenna phase center deviation and phase center variation based on the ground calibration data of the in-orbit satellite antenna phase center and the satellite’s in-orbit working status.The analysis shows that the antenna phase center variation caused by the satellite’s in-orbit operation is only at the centimeter level,which has a limited impact on orbit determination accuracy.The main source of precise orbit determination error is the satellite antenna phase center deviation,which can be corrected using ground calibration data.展开更多
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is treated with surgical resection as the gold standard,as it is notoriously resistant to systemic therapy.Advancements with targeted therapies contribute to declining mortality,but...BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is treated with surgical resection as the gold standard,as it is notoriously resistant to systemic therapy.Advancements with targeted therapies contribute to declining mortality,but metastatic RCC(mRCC)survival remains poor.One possible factor is treatment at academic centers,which employ advanced providers and novel therapies.This study compared outcomes of mRCC in patients treated at academic/research facilities compared to those treated at non-academic centers.AIM To compare survival outcomes of mRCC and their various etiologies between academic and non-academic centers.METHODS The National Cancer Database was used to identify mRCC patients including all histology subtypes and stage IV disease.Descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier curves measured survival outcomes for user file facility types sorted into a binary academic/research and non-academic research variable.Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard testing generated odds ratio and hazard ratio.Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 29.0 using a significance level of P<0.05.RESULTS Overall,academic facility patients experienced greater 5-year and 10-year overall survival than non-academic facility patients.Treatment at non-academic facilities was associated with increased odds of death that persisted even after controlling for age,tumor size,sex,and distance traveled to treatment center.In comparison,nonacademic facility patients also experienced greater risk of hazard.CONCLUSION Patients with mRCC treated at academic/research facilities experienced increased survival compared to patients treated at non-academic facilities,were more likely to be younger,carry private insurance,and come from a large metropolitan area.They also were significantly more likely to receive surgery and adjuvant immunotherapy.展开更多
The aim of this article is to present a unique interpretation of the holistic worldview,both in theory and in practice.It explores how this approach,along with a planning process fundamentally different from conventio...The aim of this article is to present a unique interpretation of the holistic worldview,both in theory and in practice.It explores how this approach,along with a planning process fundamentally different from conventional methods,was implemented in the design and construction of the Music Center and Library in the city of Tel Aviv.This process forms a coherent representation of a complete worldview:a humanistic,holistic worldview developed and adopted through more than five decades of architectural practice across all scales of design.In this approach,a building is not regarded as a collection of isolated design elements,but as one hierarchical language,in which the building,its interior,and its ornamented details down to the handle of the door is one continuous system.Within this system,the building,its interior spaces,and even the smallest ornamental details,down to the door handles,are conceived as parts of a single,continuous whole.This worldview aligns with contemporary scientific discourse in fields such as cosmology,neurobiology,psychology,complexity theory,and Buddhist philosophy,disciplines with which this body of work is closely associated.展开更多
Green hydrogen is crucial for advancing renewable energy technologies and protecting the environment.This study introduces a controllable method for bimetallic nickel-cobalt phosphide on reduced graphene oxide on nick...Green hydrogen is crucial for advancing renewable energy technologies and protecting the environment.This study introduces a controllable method for bimetallic nickel-cobalt phosphide on reduced graphene oxide on nickel foam(NiCo_(3)P.C/NF).The material demonstrated low overpotentials of 58 and 180 mV at10 mA cm^(-2)for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in 1.0 M KOH.It achieved excellent electrochemical water-splitting performance with operating voltages of 1.54 and 2.6 V at 10 and 500 mA cm^(-2),respectively.The overall water-splitting performance of NiCo_(3).C/NF was extremely stable after 75 h of operation at 53 mA cm^(-2),retaining 98%efficiency,better than the sample Pt-C+RuO_(2),and outperforming previous reports.Density functional theory(DFT)results revealed a synergistic NiCo_(3)P.C interaction that yields nearly zero Gibbs free energy change(-0.100 eV)and upshift d-band center,the real active site at the Ni in HER,and the lowest overpotentials 0.26 V at the P active sites for OER.Furthermore,electronic charge distribution shows the maximum charge distribution between the NiCo_(3)P phase and graphene sheet heterojunction,enhancing the electrocatalyst conductivity.This combined approach offers an innovative strategy to design sustainable electrocatalysts for water s plitting.展开更多
Data centers operate as physical digital infrastructure for generating,storing,computing,transmitting,and utilizing massive data and information,constituting the backbone of the flourishing digital economy across the ...Data centers operate as physical digital infrastructure for generating,storing,computing,transmitting,and utilizing massive data and information,constituting the backbone of the flourishing digital economy across the world.Given the lack of a consistent analysis for studying the locational factors of data centers and empirical deficiencies in longitudinal investigations on spatial dynamics of heterogeneous data centers,this paper develops a comprehensive analytical framework to examine the dynamic geographies and locational factors of techno-environmentally heterogeneous data centers across Chinese cities in the period of 2006–2021.First,we develop a“supply-demand-environment trinity”analytical framework as well as an accompanying evaluation indicator system with Chinese characteristics.Second,the dynamic geographies of data centers in Chinese cities over the last decades are characterized as spatial polarization in economically leading urban agglomerations alongside persistent interregional gaps across eastern,central,and western regions.Data centers present dual spatial expansion trajectories featuring outward radiation from eastern core urban agglomerations to adjacent peripheries and leapfrog diffusion to strategic central and western digital infrastructural hubs.Third,it is empirically verified that data center construction in Chinese cities over the last decades has been jointly influenced by supply-,demand-,and environment-side locational factors,echoing the efficacy of the trinity analytical framework.Overall,our findings demonstrate the temporal variance,contextual contingency,and attribute-based differentiation of locational factors underlying techno-environmentally heterogeneous data centers in Chinese cities.展开更多
Digital avatars have become a standard feature on e-commerce platforms.As virtual hosts,they emulate human behavior,broadcast live programs without interruption,and present“Made in China”products to foreign consumer...Digital avatars have become a standard feature on e-commerce platforms.As virtual hosts,they emulate human behavior,broadcast live programs without interruption,and present“Made in China”products to foreign consumers,thanks to their proficiency in multiple languages.The impressive efficiency of these digital avatars is made possible by the colossal computing power that enables them to perform their functions.“This year,the storage requirements of the digital avatars have increased significantly,by approximately 500 times compared to last year.The current local storage capacity is no longer sufficient.”展开更多
The rapidly growing seaweed farming contributes to food,feed,biofuel,and biochemicals,with Indonesia being the largest exporter of raw seaweed(53.35%)but low in carrageenan derivative products(4.49%).Sustainable farmi...The rapidly growing seaweed farming contributes to food,feed,biofuel,and biochemicals,with Indonesia being the largest exporter of raw seaweed(53.35%)but low in carrageenan derivative products(4.49%).Sustainable farming supports SDG 13 and SDG 14 through emission reduction,marine ecosystem conservation,and increased biodiversity.However,its supply chain faces challenges in raw material availability,such as fluctuating harvests,inconsistent quality,limited logistics infrastructure,and market price volatility.Therefore,good environmental management is needed to optimize raw materials in carrageenan production through resource efficiency,environmentally friendly products,environmental regulations,and market and stakeholder awareness.This study identifies factors in the environment-based supply chain that influence the development of carrageenan production centers and analyzes their ecological impacts using quantitative SEM analysis.SEM analysis reveals that resource efficiency,waste management,environmental regulations,and stakeholder awareness and commitment are the main influencing factors.shows significant factors including raw material efficiency,waste management,and environmental regulations.Environmentally based supply chain integration for the development of carrageenan production center areas can be done by;focusing on sustainability and minimal environmental impact,support for achieving SDG 12,13,and 14,strategies for sustainable raw material management,circular economy,sustainability certification,renewable energy and environmentally friendly technology,and stakeholder collaboration and awareness.展开更多
Aiming at the problems such as low throughput and unbalanced load of data center network caused by traditional multipath routing strategy,a dynamic load balancing strategy for flow classification oriented to Fat-Tree ...Aiming at the problems such as low throughput and unbalanced load of data center network caused by traditional multipath routing strategy,a dynamic load balancing strategy for flow classification oriented to Fat-Tree topology based on the software defined network(SDN)architecture is proposed,named DLB-FC.Multi-index evaluation methods such as link state information and network traffic characteristics are considered.DLB-FC mechanism can dynamically adjust the flow classification threshold to differentiate between large and small flows.The scheme selects different forwarding paths to meet the transmission performance requirements of different flow characteristics.On this basis,an SDN simulation platform is built for performance testing.The simulation results show that DLB-FC algorithm can dynamically distinguish large flows from small flows and achieve load balancing effectively.Compared with equal-cost multi-path(ECMP),global first fit(GFF)and minmum total delay load routing(MTDLR)algorithms,DLB-FC scheme improves the network throughput and link utilization of the data center network effectively.The transmission delay is also reduced with better load balance.展开更多
This paper presents a compact broadband antenna that overcomes bandwidth limitations in a diamond nitrogenvacancy(NV)center-based quantum magnetic sensor.Conventional antennas struggle to achieve both broadband operat...This paper presents a compact broadband antenna that overcomes bandwidth limitations in a diamond nitrogenvacancy(NV)center-based quantum magnetic sensor.Conventional antennas struggle to achieve both broadband operation and compact integration,restricting the sensitivity and dynamic range of the sensor.The broadband antenna based on a dualfrequency monopole structure achieves a bandwidth extension of 777 MHz at the Zeeman splitting frequency of 2.87 GHz,with the dual resonant points positioned near 2.87 GHz.Additionally,high-resolution imaging of the microwave magnetic field on the antenna surface was performed using a diamond optical fiber probe,which verified the dual-frequency design principle.Experimental results using the proposed antenna demonstrate the outstanding performance of the NV centerbased magnetic sensor:a sensitivity of 55 nT/Hz^(1/2)and a dynamic range of up to 54.0 dB.Compared to sensors using conventional antennas,the performance has been significantly improved.展开更多
Most data centers currently tap into existing power grids to draw the immense amount of electricity they need to operate.But many of the data centers that Google(Mountain View,CA,USA)plans to open in the next few year...Most data centers currently tap into existing power grids to draw the immense amount of electricity they need to operate.But many of the data centers that Google(Mountain View,CA,USA)plans to open in the next few years will boast their own power plants,an arrangement known as colocation[1].Under an agreement announced in December 2024,the company will site data centers in industrial parks where its partner Intersect Power of Houston,TX,USA,has installed clean power facilities[1,2].The first of these complexes is scheduled to come online in 2026[1].展开更多
Understanding the structure-property relationship and the mechanisms by which catalysts promote polysulfide conversion is crucial for the rational design of room-temperature sodium-sulfur(RT Na-S)battery catalysts.Her...Understanding the structure-property relationship and the mechanisms by which catalysts promote polysulfide conversion is crucial for the rational design of room-temperature sodium-sulfur(RT Na-S)battery catalysts.Herein,we systematically investigate Fe-,Co-,and Ni-incorporated Mo_(2)C as catalysts for RT Na-S battery to elucidate the intrinsic correlation between the d band center of Mo in Mo_(2)C and its catalytic activity.Combining experimental and theoretical analysis revealed that Ni-substituted Mo_(2)C elevates the d band center while significantly reducing antibonding orbitals(π^(*))occupancy compared to Fe-substituted Mo_(2)C and Co-substituted Mo_(2)C counterparts.This electronic restruction enhances d-p hybridization at the Mo-S interface,which strengthens sodium polysulfides adsorption energy and enhances charge transfer,thereby steering sulfur redox pathways toward thermodynamically favorable configurations.Our findings elucidate the intricate interplay between the electronic structure and catalytic activity of Mo_(2)C,advancing a novel perspective for the rational design of RT Na-S battery catalysts through tailored modulation of antibonding orbital occupancy.展开更多
文摘AIM To examine the effect of center size on survival differences between simultaneous liver kidney transplantation(SLKT) and liver transplantation alone(LTA) in SLKT-listed patients.METHODS The United Network of Organ Sharing database was queried for patients ≥ 18 years of age listed for SLKT between February 2002 and December 2015. Posttransplant survival was evaluated using stratified Cox regression with interaction between transplant type(LTA vs SLKT) and center volume.RESULTS During the study period, 393 of 4580 patients(9%) listed for SLKT underwent a LTA. Overall mortality was higher among LTA recipients(180/393, 46%) than SLKT recipients(1107/4187, 26%). The Cox model predicted a significant survival disadvantage for patients receiving LTA vs SLKT [hazard ratio, hazard ratio(HR) = 2.85; 95%CI: 2.21, 3.66; P < 0.001] in centers performing 30 SLKT over the study period. This disadvantage was modestly attenuated as center SLKT volume increased, with a 3% reduction(HR = 0.97; 95%CI: 0.95, 0.99; P = 0.010) for every 10 SLKs performed.CONCLUSION In conclusion, LTA is associated with increased mortality among patients listed for SLKT. This difference is modestly attenuated at more experienced centers and may explain inconsistencies between smaller-center and larger registry-wide studies comparing SLKT and LTA outcomes.
文摘In the current scenario of modern transplantation medicine,and thanks to the improved outcomes of liver transplantation(LT)in adult patients,the number of transplants performed is increasing,though the gap between organ demand and supply persists(1).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92044303)。
文摘Air pollution in China covers a large area with complex sources and formation mechanisms,making it a unique place to conduct air pollution and atmospheric chemistry research.The National Natural Science Foundation of China’s Major Research Plan entitled“Fundamental Researches on the Formation and Response Mechanism of the Air Pollution Complex in China”(or the Plan)has funded 76 research projects to explore the causes of air pollution in China,and the key processes of air pollution in atmospheric physics and atmospheric chemistry.In order to summarize the abundant data from the Plan and exhibit the long-term impacts domestically and internationally,an integration project is responsible for collecting the various types of data generated by the 76 projects of the Plan.This project has classified and integrated these data,forming eight categories containing 258 datasets and 15 technical reports in total.The integration project has led to the successful establishment of the China Air Pollution Data Center(CAPDC)platform,providing storage,retrieval,and download services for the eight categories.This platform has distinct features including data visualization,related project information querying,and bilingual services in both English and Chinese,which allows for rapid searching and downloading of data and provides a solid foundation of data and support for future related research.Air pollution control in China,especially in the past decade,is undeniably a global exemplar,and this data center is the first in China to focus on research into the country’s air pollution complex.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Project of Tianjin(No.24YDTPJC00680)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52406191).
文摘The growth of computing power in data centers(DCs)leads to an increase in energy consumption and noise pollution of air cooling systems.Chip-level cooling with high-efficiency coolant is one of the promising methods to address the cooling challenge for high-power devices in DCs.Hybrid nanofluid(HNF)has the advantages of high thermal conductivity and good rheological properties.This study summarizes the numerical investigations of HNFs in mini/micro heat sinks,including the numerical methods,hydrothermal characteristics,and enhanced heat transfer technologies.The innovations of this paper include:(1)the characteristics,applicable conditions,and scenarios of each theoretical method and numerical method are clarified;(2)the molecular dynamics(MD)simulation can reveal the synergy effect,micro motion,and agglomeration morphology of different nanoparticles.Machine learning(ML)presents a feasiblemethod for parameter prediction,which provides the opportunity for the intelligent regulation of the thermal performance of HNFs;(3)the HNFs flowboiling and the synergy of passive and active technologies may further improve the overall efficiency of liquid cooling systems in DCs.This review provides valuable insights and references for exploring the multi-phase flow and heat transport mechanisms of HNFs,and promoting the practical application of HNFs in chip-level liquid cooling in DCs.
基金Project supported by the Key R&D Projects in Hunan Province(2021SK2047,2022NK2044)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2022WZ1022)Superior Youth Project of the Science Research Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(22B0211)。
文摘The technology of solid-state lighting has developed for decades in various industries.Phosphor,as an element part,determines the application domain of lighting products.For instance,blue and redemitting phosphors are required in the process of plant supplementing light,arrow-band emitting phosphors are applied to backlight displays,etc.In this work,a Bi^(3+)-activated blue phosphor was obtained in a symmetrical and co mpact crystal structure of Gd3Sb07(GSO).Then,the co-doping strategy of alkali metal ions(Li^(+),Na^(+),and K^(+))was used to optimize the performance.The result shows that the photoluminescence intensity is increased by 2.1 times and 1.3 times respectively by introducing Li~+and K^(+)ions.Not only that,it also achieves narrow-band emitting with the full width of half-maximum(FWHM)reaching 42 nm through Na^(+)doping,and its excitation peak position also shifts from 322 to 375 nm,which can be well excited by near-ultraviolet(NUV)light emitting diode(LED)chips(365 nm).Meanwhile,the electroluminescence spectrum of GSO:0.6 mol%Bi^(3+),3 wt%Na^(+)matches up to 93.39%of the blue part of the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a.In summary,the Bi^(3+)-activated blue phosphor reported in this work can synchronously meet the requirements of plant light replenishment and field emission displays.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is an invasive endoscopic procedure used mainly to treat hepato-pancreato-biliary(HPB)diseases.The need for ERCP has increased with the rising number of HPB diseases over the past decade.Thus,due to increased demand,ERCP is performed at more centers.Currently,it is performed by general surgeons,gastroenterology and invasive radiology specialists in the United States and Europe as recommended by the British Society of Gastroenterology(BSG).AIM To present the results of ERCP procedures from fourteen surgical centers in Türkiye.METHODS Fourteen surgical centers performing ERCP were included in the present study.The age,gender,ERCP indication,success status,post-ERCP complications,ERCP reports and the files of 66993 patients who underwent ERCP were collected from the participating centers.The results are discussed according to the targets declared by the BSG,which are volume load per annum,proportion of successful cannulation(>85%),bile duct clearance rate(>75%),stenting rate for strictures(>80%)and complications(<6%).RESULTS A total of 66993 ERCP procedures were performed in the centers included in the study up to August 2024.29250(43.6%)of the procedures were performed urgently,especially for suppurative cholangitis,biliary tract injuries,etc.The remaining 37743(56.4%)cases were performed electively.50.2%of the patients were female and 49.8%were male.The average ages were 56.5 years for women and 55.9 years for men.General anesthesia was used in 84.1%of the patients while sedation was used in 15.9%.The indications were bile duct stone(78.7%),pancreatic tumor(3.9%),papillary tumor(3.3%),cholangiocarcinoma(2.6%),Oddi sphincter dysfunction(2.4%),bile leakage after cholecystectomy(2%),bile leakage after hydatid cyst surgery(1.9%),biliary stricture(1.7%),and other diseases(3.1%).Hyperamylasemia and post-ERCP pancreatitis were the most common complications as observed in 8.1%of the patients.They were usually self-limited and responded to supportive measures.The frequency of the other complications was also consistent with the literature.CONCLUSION There is a huge shortage of ERCP endoscopists worldwide due to insufficient ERCP training and centers especially in developing and underdeveloped countries.As patients requiring ERCP usually present to surgical practitioners,the incorporation of surgeons into this training program is an effective and reliable solution.The BSG recommends the incorporation of surgeons and radiologists in addition to gastroenterology specialists.This study is the first to present the results of ERCP procedures from fourteen surgical centers throughout Türkiye.The results suggest that the surgical centers included were able to achieve the targets set by the BSG.This study demonstrated that the surgical ERCP units in the present work have reached satisfactory results and provided a reliable and successful ERCP service.There are currently no issues regarding the validity and appropriateness of the surgeons performing ERCP.Therefore,ERCP training should be encouraged in surgeons and more surgical ERCP centers should be provided.
基金supported by R01 NS093009 grant from NIH(to VVC).
文摘Development of the telencephalon relies upon several signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical neuroepithelium.One such signaling center is the cortical hem,which arises during embryonic development at the telencephalic dorsal midline,adjacent to the choroid plexus and hippocampal primordium(Figure 1A).While the cortical hem has also been described in reptiles and birds,most of our knowledge about the developmental roles of the cortical hem is derived from the analysis in mice.The cortical hem produces several types of secreted molecules,including wingless-related integration site(Wnt)and bone morphogenetic(Bmp)proteins.The cortical hem is particularly important for the development of the hippocampus,which is involved in learning and memory,and the neocortex,which is the most complex brain region that mediates multiple types of behavior and higher cognitive functions(Mangale et al.,2008;Dal-Valle-Anton and Borrell,2022).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2325023,92265204,12104447)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF0718400)+1 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0302200)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘This work presents a method for the three-dimensional localization of individual shallow NV center in diamond,leveraging the near-field quenching effect of a gold tip.Our experimental setup involves the use of an atomic force microscope to precisely move the gold tip close to the NV center,while simultaneously employing a home-made confocal microscope to monitor the fluorescence of the NV center.This approach allows for lateral super-resolution,achieving a full width at half maximum(FWHM)of 38.0 nm and a location uncertainty of 0.7 nm.Additionally,we show the potential of this method for determining the depth of the NV centers.We also attempt to determine the depth of the NV centers in combination with finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)simulations.Compared to other depth determination methods,this approach allows for simultaneous lateral and longitudinal localization of individual NV centers,and holds promise for facilitating manipulation of the local environment surrounding the NV center.
文摘The official unveiling of China Cultural Center in Bern signifies a new era of cultural exchange between China and Switzerland.The Center will serve as a vital platform for dialogue between Chinese and Swiss cultures.
文摘Navigation satellites generally use satellite-ground and inter-satellite observation data for precise orbit determination.In orbit determination,the satellite position is often referenced to the satellite’s centroid,while the observational measurements are referenced to the satellite’s antenna phase center.The deviation between the satellite’s centroid and the antenna phase center forms the satellite antenna phase center error,which affects the precision of orbit determination.This paper takes a global navigation satellite system(GNSS)MEO satellite as an example and analyzes the actual situation of the satellite antenna phase center deviation and phase center variation based on the ground calibration data of the in-orbit satellite antenna phase center and the satellite’s in-orbit working status.The analysis shows that the antenna phase center variation caused by the satellite’s in-orbit operation is only at the centimeter level,which has a limited impact on orbit determination accuracy.The main source of precise orbit determination error is the satellite antenna phase center deviation,which can be corrected using ground calibration data.
文摘BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is treated with surgical resection as the gold standard,as it is notoriously resistant to systemic therapy.Advancements with targeted therapies contribute to declining mortality,but metastatic RCC(mRCC)survival remains poor.One possible factor is treatment at academic centers,which employ advanced providers and novel therapies.This study compared outcomes of mRCC in patients treated at academic/research facilities compared to those treated at non-academic centers.AIM To compare survival outcomes of mRCC and their various etiologies between academic and non-academic centers.METHODS The National Cancer Database was used to identify mRCC patients including all histology subtypes and stage IV disease.Descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier curves measured survival outcomes for user file facility types sorted into a binary academic/research and non-academic research variable.Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard testing generated odds ratio and hazard ratio.Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 29.0 using a significance level of P<0.05.RESULTS Overall,academic facility patients experienced greater 5-year and 10-year overall survival than non-academic facility patients.Treatment at non-academic facilities was associated with increased odds of death that persisted even after controlling for age,tumor size,sex,and distance traveled to treatment center.In comparison,nonacademic facility patients also experienced greater risk of hazard.CONCLUSION Patients with mRCC treated at academic/research facilities experienced increased survival compared to patients treated at non-academic facilities,were more likely to be younger,carry private insurance,and come from a large metropolitan area.They also were significantly more likely to receive surgery and adjuvant immunotherapy.
文摘The aim of this article is to present a unique interpretation of the holistic worldview,both in theory and in practice.It explores how this approach,along with a planning process fundamentally different from conventional methods,was implemented in the design and construction of the Music Center and Library in the city of Tel Aviv.This process forms a coherent representation of a complete worldview:a humanistic,holistic worldview developed and adopted through more than five decades of architectural practice across all scales of design.In this approach,a building is not regarded as a collection of isolated design elements,but as one hierarchical language,in which the building,its interior,and its ornamented details down to the handle of the door is one continuous system.Within this system,the building,its interior spaces,and even the smallest ornamental details,down to the door handles,are conceived as parts of a single,continuous whole.This worldview aligns with contemporary scientific discourse in fields such as cosmology,neurobiology,psychology,complexity theory,and Buddhist philosophy,disciplines with which this body of work is closely associated.
基金supported by the Regional Leading Research Center Program(2019R1A5A8080326)funding from the Basic Science Research Program(2021R1F1A1048758,2022R1I1A1A01053248)+1 种基金the Regional Innovation Strategy(RIS)(2023RIS-008)through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF),funded by the Ministry of Educationsupported by the National Supercomputing Center,which provided supercomputing resources and technical support(TS-2024-RE-0039)。
文摘Green hydrogen is crucial for advancing renewable energy technologies and protecting the environment.This study introduces a controllable method for bimetallic nickel-cobalt phosphide on reduced graphene oxide on nickel foam(NiCo_(3)P.C/NF).The material demonstrated low overpotentials of 58 and 180 mV at10 mA cm^(-2)for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in 1.0 M KOH.It achieved excellent electrochemical water-splitting performance with operating voltages of 1.54 and 2.6 V at 10 and 500 mA cm^(-2),respectively.The overall water-splitting performance of NiCo_(3).C/NF was extremely stable after 75 h of operation at 53 mA cm^(-2),retaining 98%efficiency,better than the sample Pt-C+RuO_(2),and outperforming previous reports.Density functional theory(DFT)results revealed a synergistic NiCo_(3)P.C interaction that yields nearly zero Gibbs free energy change(-0.100 eV)and upshift d-band center,the real active site at the Ni in HER,and the lowest overpotentials 0.26 V at the P active sites for OER.Furthermore,electronic charge distribution shows the maximum charge distribution between the NiCo_(3)P phase and graphene sheet heterojunction,enhancing the electrocatalyst conductivity.This combined approach offers an innovative strategy to design sustainable electrocatalysts for water s plitting.
基金Major Program of National Social Science Foundation of China,No.21&ZD107。
文摘Data centers operate as physical digital infrastructure for generating,storing,computing,transmitting,and utilizing massive data and information,constituting the backbone of the flourishing digital economy across the world.Given the lack of a consistent analysis for studying the locational factors of data centers and empirical deficiencies in longitudinal investigations on spatial dynamics of heterogeneous data centers,this paper develops a comprehensive analytical framework to examine the dynamic geographies and locational factors of techno-environmentally heterogeneous data centers across Chinese cities in the period of 2006–2021.First,we develop a“supply-demand-environment trinity”analytical framework as well as an accompanying evaluation indicator system with Chinese characteristics.Second,the dynamic geographies of data centers in Chinese cities over the last decades are characterized as spatial polarization in economically leading urban agglomerations alongside persistent interregional gaps across eastern,central,and western regions.Data centers present dual spatial expansion trajectories featuring outward radiation from eastern core urban agglomerations to adjacent peripheries and leapfrog diffusion to strategic central and western digital infrastructural hubs.Third,it is empirically verified that data center construction in Chinese cities over the last decades has been jointly influenced by supply-,demand-,and environment-side locational factors,echoing the efficacy of the trinity analytical framework.Overall,our findings demonstrate the temporal variance,contextual contingency,and attribute-based differentiation of locational factors underlying techno-environmentally heterogeneous data centers in Chinese cities.
文摘Digital avatars have become a standard feature on e-commerce platforms.As virtual hosts,they emulate human behavior,broadcast live programs without interruption,and present“Made in China”products to foreign consumers,thanks to their proficiency in multiple languages.The impressive efficiency of these digital avatars is made possible by the colossal computing power that enables them to perform their functions.“This year,the storage requirements of the digital avatars have increased significantly,by approximately 500 times compared to last year.The current local storage capacity is no longer sufficient.”
文摘The rapidly growing seaweed farming contributes to food,feed,biofuel,and biochemicals,with Indonesia being the largest exporter of raw seaweed(53.35%)but low in carrageenan derivative products(4.49%).Sustainable farming supports SDG 13 and SDG 14 through emission reduction,marine ecosystem conservation,and increased biodiversity.However,its supply chain faces challenges in raw material availability,such as fluctuating harvests,inconsistent quality,limited logistics infrastructure,and market price volatility.Therefore,good environmental management is needed to optimize raw materials in carrageenan production through resource efficiency,environmentally friendly products,environmental regulations,and market and stakeholder awareness.This study identifies factors in the environment-based supply chain that influence the development of carrageenan production centers and analyzes their ecological impacts using quantitative SEM analysis.SEM analysis reveals that resource efficiency,waste management,environmental regulations,and stakeholder awareness and commitment are the main influencing factors.shows significant factors including raw material efficiency,waste management,and environmental regulations.Environmentally based supply chain integration for the development of carrageenan production center areas can be done by;focusing on sustainability and minimal environmental impact,support for achieving SDG 12,13,and 14,strategies for sustainable raw material management,circular economy,sustainability certification,renewable energy and environmentally friendly technology,and stakeholder collaboration and awareness.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61672270)Jiangsu Provionce Teaching Reform Project for Cloud Computing Technology and Application Talent Training(No.201802130049).
文摘Aiming at the problems such as low throughput and unbalanced load of data center network caused by traditional multipath routing strategy,a dynamic load balancing strategy for flow classification oriented to Fat-Tree topology based on the software defined network(SDN)architecture is proposed,named DLB-FC.Multi-index evaluation methods such as link state information and network traffic characteristics are considered.DLB-FC mechanism can dynamically adjust the flow classification threshold to differentiate between large and small flows.The scheme selects different forwarding paths to meet the transmission performance requirements of different flow characteristics.On this basis,an SDN simulation platform is built for performance testing.The simulation results show that DLB-FC algorithm can dynamically distinguish large flows from small flows and achieve load balancing effectively.Compared with equal-cost multi-path(ECMP),global first fit(GFF)and minmum total delay load routing(MTDLR)algorithms,DLB-FC scheme improves the network throughput and link utilization of the data center network effectively.The transmission delay is also reduced with better load balance.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB2012600)the Science and Technology Plan Project of the State Administration of Market Regulation,China(Grant No.2021MK039)the Suqian Talent Elite Program(Grant No.SQQN202414)。
文摘This paper presents a compact broadband antenna that overcomes bandwidth limitations in a diamond nitrogenvacancy(NV)center-based quantum magnetic sensor.Conventional antennas struggle to achieve both broadband operation and compact integration,restricting the sensitivity and dynamic range of the sensor.The broadband antenna based on a dualfrequency monopole structure achieves a bandwidth extension of 777 MHz at the Zeeman splitting frequency of 2.87 GHz,with the dual resonant points positioned near 2.87 GHz.Additionally,high-resolution imaging of the microwave magnetic field on the antenna surface was performed using a diamond optical fiber probe,which verified the dual-frequency design principle.Experimental results using the proposed antenna demonstrate the outstanding performance of the NV centerbased magnetic sensor:a sensitivity of 55 nT/Hz^(1/2)and a dynamic range of up to 54.0 dB.Compared to sensors using conventional antennas,the performance has been significantly improved.
文摘Most data centers currently tap into existing power grids to draw the immense amount of electricity they need to operate.But many of the data centers that Google(Mountain View,CA,USA)plans to open in the next few years will boast their own power plants,an arrangement known as colocation[1].Under an agreement announced in December 2024,the company will site data centers in industrial parks where its partner Intersect Power of Houston,TX,USA,has installed clean power facilities[1,2].The first of these complexes is scheduled to come online in 2026[1].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52372224 and 52072299)the Major Project of Shaanxi Coal Joint Fund of Shaanxi.Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.2019JLZ-07)。
文摘Understanding the structure-property relationship and the mechanisms by which catalysts promote polysulfide conversion is crucial for the rational design of room-temperature sodium-sulfur(RT Na-S)battery catalysts.Herein,we systematically investigate Fe-,Co-,and Ni-incorporated Mo_(2)C as catalysts for RT Na-S battery to elucidate the intrinsic correlation between the d band center of Mo in Mo_(2)C and its catalytic activity.Combining experimental and theoretical analysis revealed that Ni-substituted Mo_(2)C elevates the d band center while significantly reducing antibonding orbitals(π^(*))occupancy compared to Fe-substituted Mo_(2)C and Co-substituted Mo_(2)C counterparts.This electronic restruction enhances d-p hybridization at the Mo-S interface,which strengthens sodium polysulfides adsorption energy and enhances charge transfer,thereby steering sulfur redox pathways toward thermodynamically favorable configurations.Our findings elucidate the intricate interplay between the electronic structure and catalytic activity of Mo_(2)C,advancing a novel perspective for the rational design of RT Na-S battery catalysts through tailored modulation of antibonding orbital occupancy.
