Cadmium(Cd)contamination in soil can lead to food chain accumulation and greatly impacts on human health.Bioremediation has gained more and more attention due to its environment-friendly,high efficiency and low-cost.I...Cadmium(Cd)contamination in soil can lead to food chain accumulation and greatly impacts on human health.Bioremediation has gained more and more attention due to its environment-friendly,high efficiency and low-cost.In this work,we studied the impact of phosphate solubilizing bacterial agent(PSBA)on Cd bioavailability,microbial communities in soil and Cd accumulation in lettuce plants with pot experiment and field trial.Results of pot experiment showed that PSBA could decrease the bioavailability of Cd(Cd-acid extractable from 3.30 to 2.34mg/kg,Cd-reducible from 1.94 to 1.56 mg/kg),promote lettuce plants growth(increased by 33.85%height and by 33.65%fresh weight)and reduce the accumulation of Cd(from 5.85 to 3.73 mg/kg)in lettuce plants.High-throughput sequencing identified that PSBA could change the composition and structure of the soil microbial communities.The relative abundances of the three ecologically beneficial bacterial families of Pseudomonadaceae,Burkholderiaceae,and Enterobacteriaceae increased from 2.29%to 5.13%,0.56%to 5.24%,and 1.87%to 16.93%,respectively.And the former two were positively correlated with redox potential(Eh)(R^(2)=0.474,p<0.05,R^(2)=0.590,p<0.01,respectively).The bacterial networks were more complex in PSBA treatment,reflecting through more links(from 1893 to 2185)and a higher average degree(from 38.242 to 45.052)and density(from 0.390 to 0.469).Results of field trial demonstrated that PSBA could also decrease Cd content in lettuce plants and microbial composition in soil.This study indicated that PSBA could be served as an alternative material in bioremediation of Cd contamination in soil.展开更多
Given the severe toxicity and widespread presence of cadmium(Cd)in staple foods such as rice,accurate dietary exposure assessments are imperative for public health.In vitro bioavailability is commonly used to adjust d...Given the severe toxicity and widespread presence of cadmium(Cd)in staple foods such as rice,accurate dietary exposure assessments are imperative for public health.In vitro bioavailability is commonly used to adjust dietary exposure levels of risk factors;however,traditional planar Transwell models have limitations,such as cell dedifferentiation and lack of key intestinal components,necessitating a more physiologically relevant in vitro platform.This study introduces an innovative three-dimensional(3D)intestinal organoid model using a microfluidic chip to evaluate Cd bioavailability in food.Caco-2 cells were cultured on the chip to mimic small intestinal villi's 3D structure,mucus production,and absorption functions.The model's physiological relevance was thoroughly characterized,demonstrating the formation of a confluent epithelial monolayer with well-developed tight junctions(ZO-1),high microvilli density(F-actin),and significant mucus secretion(Alcian blue staining),closely resembling the physiological intestinal epithelium.Fluorescent particle tracking confirmed its ability to simulate intestinal transport and diffusion.The Cd bioavailability in rice measured by the 3D intestinal organoid model((9.07±0.21)%)was comparable to the mouse model((12.82±3.42)%)but significantly lower than the Caco-2 monolayer model((26.97±1.11)%).This 3D intestinal organoid model provides a novel and reliable strategy for in vitro assessment of heavy metal bioavailability in food,with important implications for food safety and risk assessment.展开更多
The soybean is a crop which easily accumulates cadmium(Cd),which threatens human health.To assess the impact of the application of classic soil amendments on the Cd concentration in the soybean and the Cd bioavailabil...The soybean is a crop which easily accumulates cadmium(Cd),which threatens human health.To assess the impact of the application of classic soil amendments on the Cd concentration in the soybean and the Cd bioavailability in the soil,a field study was conducted in Xiangtan Country(XT)and Liling City(LL),with inorganic-organic-microbial matter(T1)and silicon-calcium-magnesium oxide from natural minerals(T2)as two soil amendments in this study.The results indicated that the soil pH in the two sites increased significantly,up to 0.7~1.1 units and the Cd concentration in the stem,leaf,husk and seed in the two sites decreased differently.Of which,the soil available Cd in Xiangtan County(XT)decreased by 11.9%~16.0%,the enrichment factor(EF)and translocation factor(TF)reduced by 37.9%and 23.5%,respectively.Both soil amendments were effective in increasing the soil pH,reducing the seed and soil available Cd,but the soil organic matter,total N,stem length and grain yields decreased slightly.In conclusion,the Cd bioavailability was reduced but the soybean growth was restrained with the application of the soil amendments.展开更多
Heavy metal(HM) contamination in soils is an environmental issue worldwide that threatens the quality and safety of crops and human health. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to investigate the growth, mycorrhiza...Heavy metal(HM) contamination in soils is an environmental issue worldwide that threatens the quality and safety of crops and human health. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to investigate the growth, mycorrhizal colonization, and Pb and Cd accumulation of pakchoi(Brassica chinensis L. cv. Suzhou) in response to inoculation with three arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi(AMF), Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus versiforme, and Rhizophagus intraradices, aimed at exploring how AMF inoculation affected safe crop production by altering plant-soil interaction. The symbiotic relationship was well established between pakchoi and three AMF inocula even under Pb or Cd stress, where the colonization rates in the roots ranged from 24.5% to 38.5%. Compared with the non-inoculated plants, the shoot biomass of the inoculated plants increased by 8.7%–22.1% and 9.2%–24.3% in Pb and Cd addition treatments, respectively. Both glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP) and polyphosphate concentrations reduced as Pb or Cd concentration increased. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation significantly enhanced total absorbed Pb and Cd(except for a few samples) and increased the distribution ratio(root/shoot) in pakchoi at each Pb or Cd addition level. However, the three inocula significantly decreased Pb concentration in pakchoi shoots by 20.6%–67.5% in Pb addition treatments, and significantly reduced Cd concentration in the shoots of pakchoi in the Cd addition treatments(14.3%–54.1%), compared to the non-inoculated plants.Concentrations of Pb and Cd in the shoots of inoculated pakchois were all below the allowable limits of Chinese Food Safety Standard.The translocation factor of Pb or Cd increased significantly with increasing Pb or Cd addition levels, while there was no significant difference among the three AMF inocula at each metal addition level. Meanwhile, compared with the non-inoculated plants, AMF inocula significantly increased soil p H, electrical conductivity, and Pb or Cd concentrations in soil organic matter in the soils at the highest Pb or Cd dose after harvest of pakchoi, whereas the proportion of bioavailable Pb or Cd fraction declined in the AMF inoculated soil. Our study provided the first evidence that AM fungi colonized the roots of pakchoi and indicated the potential application of AMF in the safe production of vegetables in Pb or Cd contaminated soils.展开更多
Wheat cadmium(Cd)contamination is one of the environmental and agricultural concerns worldwide.Here,the effects of applications of foliar selenium(Se)and soil amendments(lime,mixture of biofuel ash and sodium sulfide(...Wheat cadmium(Cd)contamination is one of the environmental and agricultural concerns worldwide.Here,the effects of applications of foliar selenium(Se)and soil amendments(lime,mixture of biofuel ash and sodium sulfide(DSO),and mixture of iron mine tailing and alkali lignin(MX))on soil Cd fractions and wheat Cd accumulation were studied using laboratory incubation,greenhouse pot,and field plot experiments.In the laboratory incubation experiment,lime and MX applications significantly increased soil pH,DSO application significantly decreased soil p H,while all the three amendments significantly reduced soil bioavailable Cd fractions by 16%–21%compared to the control without any amendment.Foliar Se application significantly increased the growth and yield of the high-Cd-accumulating cultivar(Puxing5).In the greenhouse experiment,lime and MX applications considerably decreased grain Cd concentration by 55%and 47%,respectively,for Puxing5 and by 24%and 26%,respectively,for the low-Cd-accumulating cultivar(Zhoumai30).In the field experiment,grain Cd concentration was significantly reduced by 68%and 72%by lime and MX applications,respectively,for Puxing5.Application of DSO also significantly reduced grain Cd concentration by 58%for Puxing5 and 25%for Zhoumai30 in the greenhouse experiment,but increased grain Cd concentration by 22%for Puxing5 in the field experiment.Our results implicate that laboratory incubation and greenhouse experiment results are necessary to be verified in field,and foliar Se application is recommended when considering both financial costs and production safety.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Programs of Department of Natural Resources of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2020006)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LGF22D030001)the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2021C04020)。
文摘Cadmium(Cd)contamination in soil can lead to food chain accumulation and greatly impacts on human health.Bioremediation has gained more and more attention due to its environment-friendly,high efficiency and low-cost.In this work,we studied the impact of phosphate solubilizing bacterial agent(PSBA)on Cd bioavailability,microbial communities in soil and Cd accumulation in lettuce plants with pot experiment and field trial.Results of pot experiment showed that PSBA could decrease the bioavailability of Cd(Cd-acid extractable from 3.30 to 2.34mg/kg,Cd-reducible from 1.94 to 1.56 mg/kg),promote lettuce plants growth(increased by 33.85%height and by 33.65%fresh weight)and reduce the accumulation of Cd(from 5.85 to 3.73 mg/kg)in lettuce plants.High-throughput sequencing identified that PSBA could change the composition and structure of the soil microbial communities.The relative abundances of the three ecologically beneficial bacterial families of Pseudomonadaceae,Burkholderiaceae,and Enterobacteriaceae increased from 2.29%to 5.13%,0.56%to 5.24%,and 1.87%to 16.93%,respectively.And the former two were positively correlated with redox potential(Eh)(R^(2)=0.474,p<0.05,R^(2)=0.590,p<0.01,respectively).The bacterial networks were more complex in PSBA treatment,reflecting through more links(from 1893 to 2185)and a higher average degree(from 38.242 to 45.052)and density(from 0.390 to 0.469).Results of field trial demonstrated that PSBA could also decrease Cd content in lettuce plants and microbial composition in soil.This study indicated that PSBA could be served as an alternative material in bioremediation of Cd contamination in soil.
基金supported by National key research and development program of China(2022YFF1102500)。
文摘Given the severe toxicity and widespread presence of cadmium(Cd)in staple foods such as rice,accurate dietary exposure assessments are imperative for public health.In vitro bioavailability is commonly used to adjust dietary exposure levels of risk factors;however,traditional planar Transwell models have limitations,such as cell dedifferentiation and lack of key intestinal components,necessitating a more physiologically relevant in vitro platform.This study introduces an innovative three-dimensional(3D)intestinal organoid model using a microfluidic chip to evaluate Cd bioavailability in food.Caco-2 cells were cultured on the chip to mimic small intestinal villi's 3D structure,mucus production,and absorption functions.The model's physiological relevance was thoroughly characterized,demonstrating the formation of a confluent epithelial monolayer with well-developed tight junctions(ZO-1),high microvilli density(F-actin),and significant mucus secretion(Alcian blue staining),closely resembling the physiological intestinal epithelium.Fluorescent particle tracking confirmed its ability to simulate intestinal transport and diffusion.The Cd bioavailability in rice measured by the 3D intestinal organoid model((9.07±0.21)%)was comparable to the mouse model((12.82±3.42)%)but significantly lower than the Caco-2 monolayer model((26.97±1.11)%).This 3D intestinal organoid model provides a novel and reliable strategy for in vitro assessment of heavy metal bioavailability in food,with important implications for food safety and risk assessment.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300909-1,2017YFD0801005)~~
文摘The soybean is a crop which easily accumulates cadmium(Cd),which threatens human health.To assess the impact of the application of classic soil amendments on the Cd concentration in the soybean and the Cd bioavailability in the soil,a field study was conducted in Xiangtan Country(XT)and Liling City(LL),with inorganic-organic-microbial matter(T1)and silicon-calcium-magnesium oxide from natural minerals(T2)as two soil amendments in this study.The results indicated that the soil pH in the two sites increased significantly,up to 0.7~1.1 units and the Cd concentration in the stem,leaf,husk and seed in the two sites decreased differently.Of which,the soil available Cd in Xiangtan County(XT)decreased by 11.9%~16.0%,the enrichment factor(EF)and translocation factor(TF)reduced by 37.9%and 23.5%,respectively.Both soil amendments were effective in increasing the soil pH,reducing the seed and soil available Cd,but the soil organic matter,total N,stem length and grain yields decreased slightly.In conclusion,the Cd bioavailability was reduced but the soybean growth was restrained with the application of the soil amendments.
基金supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of China as an industry special project (No.200903015)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41001047)
文摘Heavy metal(HM) contamination in soils is an environmental issue worldwide that threatens the quality and safety of crops and human health. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to investigate the growth, mycorrhizal colonization, and Pb and Cd accumulation of pakchoi(Brassica chinensis L. cv. Suzhou) in response to inoculation with three arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi(AMF), Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus versiforme, and Rhizophagus intraradices, aimed at exploring how AMF inoculation affected safe crop production by altering plant-soil interaction. The symbiotic relationship was well established between pakchoi and three AMF inocula even under Pb or Cd stress, where the colonization rates in the roots ranged from 24.5% to 38.5%. Compared with the non-inoculated plants, the shoot biomass of the inoculated plants increased by 8.7%–22.1% and 9.2%–24.3% in Pb and Cd addition treatments, respectively. Both glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP) and polyphosphate concentrations reduced as Pb or Cd concentration increased. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation significantly enhanced total absorbed Pb and Cd(except for a few samples) and increased the distribution ratio(root/shoot) in pakchoi at each Pb or Cd addition level. However, the three inocula significantly decreased Pb concentration in pakchoi shoots by 20.6%–67.5% in Pb addition treatments, and significantly reduced Cd concentration in the shoots of pakchoi in the Cd addition treatments(14.3%–54.1%), compared to the non-inoculated plants.Concentrations of Pb and Cd in the shoots of inoculated pakchois were all below the allowable limits of Chinese Food Safety Standard.The translocation factor of Pb or Cd increased significantly with increasing Pb or Cd addition levels, while there was no significant difference among the three AMF inocula at each metal addition level. Meanwhile, compared with the non-inoculated plants, AMF inocula significantly increased soil p H, electrical conductivity, and Pb or Cd concentrations in soil organic matter in the soils at the highest Pb or Cd dose after harvest of pakchoi, whereas the proportion of bioavailable Pb or Cd fraction declined in the AMF inoculated soil. Our study provided the first evidence that AM fungi colonized the roots of pakchoi and indicated the potential application of AMF in the safe production of vegetables in Pb or Cd contaminated soils.
基金financially supported by the Key Scientific Research and Development Projects of Xuzhou City(Social Development),China(No.KC21149)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42177234)the Key Project in Scientific and Technological Development of Henan Province,China(No.232102320094)。
文摘Wheat cadmium(Cd)contamination is one of the environmental and agricultural concerns worldwide.Here,the effects of applications of foliar selenium(Se)and soil amendments(lime,mixture of biofuel ash and sodium sulfide(DSO),and mixture of iron mine tailing and alkali lignin(MX))on soil Cd fractions and wheat Cd accumulation were studied using laboratory incubation,greenhouse pot,and field plot experiments.In the laboratory incubation experiment,lime and MX applications significantly increased soil pH,DSO application significantly decreased soil p H,while all the three amendments significantly reduced soil bioavailable Cd fractions by 16%–21%compared to the control without any amendment.Foliar Se application significantly increased the growth and yield of the high-Cd-accumulating cultivar(Puxing5).In the greenhouse experiment,lime and MX applications considerably decreased grain Cd concentration by 55%and 47%,respectively,for Puxing5 and by 24%and 26%,respectively,for the low-Cd-accumulating cultivar(Zhoumai30).In the field experiment,grain Cd concentration was significantly reduced by 68%and 72%by lime and MX applications,respectively,for Puxing5.Application of DSO also significantly reduced grain Cd concentration by 58%for Puxing5 and 25%for Zhoumai30 in the greenhouse experiment,but increased grain Cd concentration by 22%for Puxing5 in the field experiment.Our results implicate that laboratory incubation and greenhouse experiment results are necessary to be verified in field,and foliar Se application is recommended when considering both financial costs and production safety.
