Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) are increasingly recognized as promising cathode materials for nextgeneration high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).However,they suffer from voltage decay and low initial ...Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) are increasingly recognized as promising cathode materials for nextgeneration high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).However,they suffer from voltage decay and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) due to severe structural degradation caused by irreversible O release.Herein,we introduce a three-in-one strategy of increasing Ni and Mn content,along with Li/Ni disordering and TM–O covalency regulation to boost cationic and anionic redox activity simultaneously and thus enhance the electrochemical activity of LLOs.The target material,Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.168)Mn_(0.558)Co_(0.074)O_(2)(L1),exhibits an improved ICE of 87.2%and specific capacity of 293.2 mA h g^(-1)and minimal voltage decay of less than 0.53 m V cycle-1over 300 cycles at 1C,compared to Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.13)Mn_(0.54)Co_(0.13)O_(2)(Ls)(274.4 mA h g^(-1)for initial capacity,73.8%for ICE and voltage decay of 0.84 mV/cycle over 300 cycles at 1C).Theoretical calculations reveal that the density of states (DOS) area near the Fermi energy level for L1 is larger than that of Ls,indicating higher anionic and cationic redox reactivity than Ls.Moreover,L1 exhibits increased O-vacancy formation energy due to higher Li/Ni disordering of 4.76%(quantified by X-ray diffraction Rietveld refinement) and enhanced TM–O covalency,making lattice O release more difficult and thus improving electrochemical stability.The increased Li/Ni disordering also leads to more Ni^(2+)presence in the Li layer,which acts as a pillar during Li+de-embedding,improving structural stability.This research not only presents a viable approach to designing low-Co LLOs with enhanced capacity and ICE but also contributes significantly to the fundamental understanding of structural regulation in high-performance LIB cathodes.展开更多
Study on nanomaterials has attracted great interests in recent years. In this article, zirconia nanocrystallites of different structures have been successfully synthesized via hydrothermal methods with cationic surfac...Study on nanomaterials has attracted great interests in recent years. In this article, zirconia nanocrystallites of different structures have been successfully synthesized via hydrothermal methods with cationic surfactant （CTAB） and anionic surfactant （SDS）, respectively. Differential Scanning Calorimeter （DSC-TG）, X-ray Diffractometer （XRD）, Transmission Electron Microscope （TEM）, Ultraviolet-Visible （UV-vis） and N2 adsorption-desorption analyses are used for their structure characteristics. The results show that the cationic surfactant has a distinctive direction effect on the formation of zirconia nanocrystallites, while the anionic surfactant has a self-assembly synergistic effect on them. The sample synthesized with the cationic surfactant presents good dispersion with the main phase of tetragonal zirconia, and the average nanocrystal size is around 15 nm after calcination at 500 ℃. While the sample synthesized with the anionic surfactant exhibits a worm-like mesoporous structure with pure tetragonal phase after calcination at 500 ℃ and with good thermal stability.展开更多
High-performance adsorbents have been well-studied for the removal of organic dye pollutants to promote environment remediation.In this study,an Ag nanoparticle-functionalized Fe_(3)O_(4)-PDA nanocomposite adsorbent(P...High-performance adsorbents have been well-studied for the removal of organic dye pollutants to promote environment remediation.In this study,an Ag nanoparticle-functionalized Fe_(3)O_(4)-PDA nanocomposite adsorbent(PDA-Fe_(3)O_(4)-Ag)was synthesized,and the adsorption/separation performance of commonly used cationic and anionic organic dyes by the PDA-Fe_(3)O_(4)-Ag adsorbent were assessed.Overall,PDA-Fe_(3)O_(4)-Ag exhibited a significantly higher adsorption capacity for cationic dyes compared to anionic dyes,the highest of which was more than 110.0 mg/g(methylene blue(MB)),which was much higher than not only the adsorption capacities of the anionic dyes in this study but also other dye adsorption capacities reported in the literature.The dye adsorption kinetics data fitted well to both the pseudo second-order kinetics model and the Langmuir isotherm model,suggesting a monolayer-chemisorption-dominated adsorption mode.Thermodynamics analysis indicated that the adsorption process was both endothermic and spontaneous.Furthermore,the PDAFe_(3)O_(4)-Ag adsorbent achieved high photodegradation removal rates of the dyes,especially neutral red(NR)and methyl orange(MO),which were 91.2%and 87.5%,respectively.With the addition of PDA-Fe_(3)O_(4)-Ag,the degradation rate constants of NR and MO increased from 0.08×10^(−2)and 0 min^(−1)to 2.11×10^(−2)and 1.73×10^(−2)min−1,respectively.The high adsorption and photocatalytic degradation performance of the PDA-Fe_(3)O_(4)-Ag adsorbent make it an excellent candidate for removing cationic and anionic dyes from the industrial effluents.展开更多
The properties of aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) of mixed solution containing gemini cationic surfactant trimethylene-1,3-bis(dodecyldimethyl ammonium) bromide (12-3-12, 2Br-) and traditional anionic surfactant sodiu...The properties of aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) of mixed solution containing gemini cationic surfactant trimethylene-1,3-bis(dodecyldimethyl ammonium) bromide (12-3-12, 2Br-) and traditional anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with or without added salt have been studied. An ATPS is formed in a narrow region of the ternary phase diagram different from that of traditional aqueous cationic-anionic surfactant systems. In ATPS region, the lowest total concentration of surfactants varies with the mixing ratio of geminis to SDS. Photographs obtained from freeze-etching, negative-staining and transmission electron microscopy show that the microstructures of two phases are different from each other. Micelles and vesicles can coexist in a single phase. The addition of salts can change the phase diagram of ATPS. Furthermore, the added salts promote the aggregation of rod-like micelles to form coarse network structure that increase the viscosity of solutions. The negative ions of the added salts are the determining factor.展开更多
Selenium and zinc are used as anionic and cationic dopant elements to dope PbS nanostructures. The undoped and doped PbS nanostructures are grown using a thermal evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM...Selenium and zinc are used as anionic and cationic dopant elements to dope PbS nanostructures. The undoped and doped PbS nanostructures are grown using a thermal evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） results show similar morphologies for the undoped and doped PbS nanostructures. X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns of three sets of the nanostructures indicate that these nanostructures each have a PbS structure with a cubic phase. Evidence of dopant incorporation is demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. Raman spectra of the synthesized samples con- firm the XRD results and indicate five Raman active modes, which relate to the PbS cubic phase for all the nanostructures. Room temperature photoluminescence （PL） and UV-Vis spectrometers are used to study optical properties of the undoped and doped PbS nanostructures. Optical characterization shows that emission and absorption peaks are in the infrared （IR） region of the electromagnetic spectrum for all PbS nanostructures. In addition, the optical studies of the doped PbS nanos- tructures reveal that the band gap of the Se-doped PbS is smaller, and the band gap of the Zn-doped PbS is bigger than the band gap of the undoped PbS nanostructures.展开更多
Flotation performance of a de-slimed（-150＋53μm）Jordanian siliceous phosphate was evaluated in a batch laboratory flotation column 100 cm high and 5 cm inside diameter.The collector used during anionic flotation wa...Flotation performance of a de-slimed（-150＋53μm）Jordanian siliceous phosphate was evaluated in a batch laboratory flotation column 100 cm high and 5 cm inside diameter.The collector used during anionic flotation was sodium oleate while an amine acetate（AEROMINE 3100C）was used for cationic flotation.Flotation comparison at different collector dosage,superficial gas velocity,and frother concentration showed that the maximum difference in performance between cationic and anionic flotation was obtained with these flotation parameters：30×10^（-6）（mg/L）frother concentration,250 g/t collector concentration,and 3.4 cm/s superficial gas velocity.At these operating conditions amine （cationic）flotation gave 7%higher flotation recovery,a 6%cleaner concentrate grade,and was 6%more efficient at removing silica.展开更多
In this paper, a new anionic metal-organic framework, [In(PBPTTBA)][(CH_3)_2 NH_2](BUT-29) has been synthesized through the reaction of tetratopic acid ligand with double Lewis pyridine sites, 4,4',4'',4&#...In this paper, a new anionic metal-organic framework, [In(PBPTTBA)][(CH_3)_2 NH_2](BUT-29) has been synthesized through the reaction of tetratopic acid ligand with double Lewis pyridine sites, 4,4',4'',4'''-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl)) tetrabenzoic acid(H_4 PBPTTBA) and In(NO_3)_2·5H_2O and fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction(SXRD), powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), infrared spectroscopy(IR), and elemental analysis(EA). BUT-29 can be used as an efficient adsorbent for the selective removal of organic cationic dyes in N,N0-dimethylformamide(DMF) solution. The adsorption capacities of BUT-29 toward methylene blue and crystal violet at 298 K can reach 1119 mg/g and 832 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, the adsorbed dyes can be released in the DMF solution of LiNO_3 gradually.展开更多
The main purpose of this research work is to improve anti-static properties of Cashmere fabric by introducing application comprising anti-static agent by foaming which was made with cationic waterborne polyurethane an...The main purpose of this research work is to improve anti-static properties of Cashmere fabric by introducing application comprising anti-static agent by foaming which was made with cationic waterborne polyurethane and graphene-CNC. Cashmere fabric was cut into 10 pieces of sample cloth of 5 cm * 5 cm size, washed with acetone solution, and then dried in an oven at 60℃. Three forms of waterborne polyurethanes such as two forms of Cationic waterborne polyurethane (CWPU) and a form of Anionic waterborne polyurethane (AWPU) were synthesized. Cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC)/graphite powder solution with the ratio of 0.5/1, 1/1, 2/1 was prepared by ultrasonic probe stripping method, and the concentration of graphite powder was ensured to be 1 mg/ml. The fabric was treated with anionic and cationic WPUs foaming solution until the weight gain reached 2.5 - 3.5 wt%. After drying, the elastic cloth was foamed with graphene solution until the graphite content of the cloth was close to 10%, 20%, 40%, 60% respectively, and then dried for reserving. Characterization properties of pure graphite powder, pure CNC and graphene solution with different proportions of three components were tested by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermalgravitimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Take the original cloth, only WPU treated cloth and four clothes with different graphite content for the fabric performance test.展开更多
A star-shaped multifunctional styrene-isoprene copolymer was synthesized with n-BuLi as initiator, divinyl benzene as coupling agent, cyclobexane as solvent by living anionic polymerization. Using this polymer as graf...A star-shaped multifunctional styrene-isoprene copolymer was synthesized with n-BuLi as initiator, divinyl benzene as coupling agent, cyclobexane as solvent by living anionic polymerization. Using this polymer as grafting agent, a novel star-shaped branched polymer, containing several polyisobutylene, was prepared via cationic ~aolymerization. The star PS-b-PI and star-branched polyisobutylene were characterized by GPC, ＇HNMR and FT-IR, and the effects of different adding order and the amount of grafting agent were investigated.展开更多
MTBPyP (meso-tetrakis(4-N-benzylpyridyl)porphyrin, M=H-2, Zn) bearing positive charge has been shown to associate with SiW12O404- in water solution. The spectral evolution and Job's plots analyses reveal that the ...MTBPyP (meso-tetrakis(4-N-benzylpyridyl)porphyrin, M=H-2, Zn) bearing positive charge has been shown to associate with SiW12O404- in water solution. The spectral evolution and Job's plots analyses reveal that the relatively stable aggregates contain equal numbers of MTBPyP4(+) and SiW12O404-.展开更多
Typical cationic and anionic surfactants were chosen and their interactions were calculated by quantum chemical method. Interaction energies are -0.2378 kJ·mol-1, -3.3394kJ·mol-1 and 0.1204kJ·mol-1 for ...Typical cationic and anionic surfactants were chosen and their interactions were calculated by quantum chemical method. Interaction energies are -0.2378 kJ·mol-1, -3.3394kJ·mol-1 and 0.1204kJ·mol-1 for the molecular pairs with fluocarbon and hydrocarbon chain: C4H10/C5H12, C4F10/C5H12, and C4F10 /C5F12, respectively. When hydrophilic group with cationic and anionicions is introduced, interaction energies are -287.40kJ·mol-1, -311.18kJ·mol-1 and -345.83kJ·mol-1. The results show that there is strong static interaction between cationic and anionic surfactants. It has been predicted that mixed monolayer may be formed and surface activity is enhanced favorably, especially for mixtures of cationic and anionic surfactants with fluocarbon and hydrocarbon chains. The anionic surfactants, sodium octadecylbenzenesulfonate perfluopolyetherbenzenesulonate(ANF-I) was synthesized, mixture effects of ANF-I with sodium octadecylbenzenesulfonate or dodecyldimethyl benzylammonium bromide were studied. The results indicate that the efficiency of mixing increased and the theoretical prediction was testified. These results can provide useful information for the design of new surfactants.展开更多
Cationic base surfactant, tetradecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (TTAOH), can be obtained through anion exchange from tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTABr). Salt-free cationic and anionic (catanionic) surfactant ...Cationic base surfactant, tetradecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (TTAOH), can be obtained through anion exchange from tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTABr). Salt-free cationic and anionic (catanionic) surfactant mixtures were studied by mixing TTAOH with oleic acid (OA) or stearic acid (SA) in water. The phase behavior of TTAOH/OA/H2O is compared with that of TTAOH/SA/H2O. It was found that the phase behavior of TTAOH/OA/H2O and TTAOH/SA/H2O system differs from each other due to the existence of the unsaturated double carbon bond (C=C) in OA. At fixed total surfactant concentration (25 mg/mL) of TTAOH/OA/H2O system at 25℃, one can observe an isotropic L1 phase, and a L1/Lα two-phase region with increasing OA content. The volume of top turbid Lα phase increases while the bottom phase changes gradually from transparently clear to a bit turbid until a single Lα-phase is reached. Finally at high OA concentration, excess OA is separated from the bulk aqueous solutions. TTAOH/SA/H2O system usually forms white precipitating at 25℃ due to the high chain melting temperature of SA. When heated to 60℃, however, the state of samples changes. At fixed total surfactant concentration of 25 mg/mL, an isotropic L1 phase and a milk-white or bluish Lα-phase are observed with increasing SA concentration. Transparent thin layers which are strongly birefringent form at the tops of some samples within the Lα-phase region. Finally, at high SA concentration, excess SA is separated from the bulk aqueous solutions. In addition to phase behavior study, we also measured the conductivity of TTAOH/OA/H2O system at 25℃ and TTAOH/SA/H2O system at 60℃, respectively. Surface tension and rheological measurements were also performed on typical samples.展开更多
This paper deals with the preparation of cationic starch with high degree of substitute by dry-process. The corn starch and the alkali catalyst are mixed in the mixer, then added the cationic etherifying agent (3-chlo...This paper deals with the preparation of cationic starch with high degree of substitute by dry-process. The corn starch and the alkali catalyst are mixed in the mixer, then added the cationic etherifying agent (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride). The reacting time is for 5 hours at the temperature of 70℃. The cationic starch with high degree of substitution is used as anionic charge neutralizing agents to improve filler retention in wet-end section of papermaking machine.展开更多
Micro-emulsion usually consists of water, oil, surfactants and co-surfactants, and each component has an effect on the phase behavior and solubilization of the micro-emulsion. When the surfactant in the micro-emulsion...Micro-emulsion usually consists of water, oil, surfactants and co-surfactants, and each component has an effect on the phase behavior and solubilization of the micro-emulsion. When the surfactant in the micro-emulsion system is quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini surfactant, the surfactant mainly combines with the anions in the salt. With the increase of salt concentration, the phase transformation of Winsor I → Winsor III → Winsor II occurred, but the optimum salinity and salt width are different because of the type of salt. The effects of 5 different kinds of monovalent anions, including C_6H_5SO_3^-, I-, Br-, NO_3^- and Cl-, on the phase behavior and solubilization of quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini micro-emulsion are researched by Winsor phase diagram. It is found that the effects of organic anions C_6H_5SO_3-and I-on the phase behavior and solubilization of quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini micro-emulsion are most significant, and the effects of Br-, NO_3^- and Cl-are less significant. Meanwhile, when the optimum solubilization is achieved, the amount of sodium benzoate is the least, indicating that the organic anion has stronger self-organization behavior with quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini surfactants.展开更多
Oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is often regarded as a crucial bottleneck in the field of renewable energy storage and conversion.To further accelerate the sluggish kinetics of OER,a cation and anion modulation strategy...Oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is often regarded as a crucial bottleneck in the field of renewable energy storage and conversion.To further accelerate the sluggish kinetics of OER,a cation and anion modulation strategy is reported here,which has been proven to be effective in preparing highly active electrocatalyst.For example,the cobalt,sulfur,and phosphorus modulated nickel hydroxide(denoted as NiCoPSOH)only needs an overpotential of 232 mV to reach a current density of 20 mA cm^(–2),demonstrating excellent OER performances.The cation and anion modulation facilitates the generation of high-valent Ni species,which would activate the lattice oxygen and switch the OER reaction pathway from conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism to lattice oxygen mechanism(LOM),as evidenced by the results of electrochemical measurements,Raman spectroscopy and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry.The LOM pathway of NiCoPSOH is further verified by the theoretical calculations,including the upshift of O 2p band center,the weakened Ni–O bond and the lowest energy barrier of rate-limiting step.Thus,the anion and cation modulated catalyst NiCoPSOH could effectively accelerate the sluggish OER kinetics.Our work provides a new insight into the cation and anion modulation,and broadens the possibility for the rational design of highly active electrocatalysts.展开更多
A novel and easy one-step protocol for preparation of a new porous material, polyurea （PPU）, is reported, which is accomplished through a precipitation polymerization of toluene diisocyanate （TDI） in mixed solvent...A novel and easy one-step protocol for preparation of a new porous material, polyurea （PPU）, is reported, which is accomplished through a precipitation polymerization of toluene diisocyanate （TDI） in mixed solvent of H20-acetone without need for surfactant and porogen. Effects of TDI concentration, mechanical stirring, solvent composition and TDI addition rate on PPU structure are studied. Surface morphology and pore structure of PPU are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Hg intrusion. Chemical structure of the PPU polymer is investigated using NMR, XRD and FTIR. Mechanism of pore formation is discussed. The obtained PPU is used as adsorbent for anionic dyes adsorption investigation. Two anionic dyes, remazol brilliant blue R and acid fuchsine, are tested. The results indicate that the as-prepared PPU is of high performance in dye adsorption and recycled use. This study provided therefore a facile route to the preparation of a novel and attractive adsorbent candidate for removal of anionic dyes from wastewaters.展开更多
The potential of pennywort （Hydrocotyle vulgaris） for phytoremediation of C.I. Acid Blue 92 （AB92） was evaluated. The effects of various experimental parameters including pH, temperature, dye concentration and pla...The potential of pennywort （Hydrocotyle vulgaris） for phytoremediation of C.I. Acid Blue 92 （AB92） was evaluated. The effects of various experimental parameters including pH, temperature, dye concentration and plant weight on dye removal efficiency were investigated. The results showed that the optimal condition for dye removal were pH 3.5 and temperature 25~C. Moreover, the absolute dye removal enhanced with increase in the initial dye concentration and plant weight. Pennywort showed the same removal efficiency in repeated experiments （four runs） as that obtained from the first run （a 6-day period）. Therefore, the ability of the plant in consecutive removal of AB92 confirmed the biodegradation process. Accordingly, a number of produced intermediate compounds were identified. The effect of treatment on photosynthesis and antioxidant defense system including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in plant roots and leaves were evaluated. The results revealed a reduction in photosynthetic pigments content under dye treatments. Antioxidant enzyme responses showed marked variations with respect to the plant organ and dye concentration in the liquid medium. Overall, the increase in antioxidant enzyme activity under AB92 stress in the roots was much higher than that in the leaves. Nevertheless, no significant increase in malondialdehyde content was detected in roots or leaves, implying that the high efficiency of antioxidant system in the elimination of reactive oxygen species. Based on these results, pennywort was founded to be a capable species for phytoremediation of AB92-contaminated water, may be effective for phytoremediation dye-contaminated polluted aquatic ecosystems.展开更多
The development of flexible zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)faces a threeway trade-off among the ionic conductivity,Zn^(2+)mobility,and the electrochemical stability of hydrogel electrolytes.To address this challenge,we desig...The development of flexible zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)faces a threeway trade-off among the ionic conductivity,Zn^(2+)mobility,and the electrochemical stability of hydrogel electrolytes.To address this challenge,we designed a cationic hydrogel named PAPTMA to holistically improve the reversibility of ZIBs.The long cationic branch chains in the polymeric matrix construct express pathways for rapid Zn^(2+)transport through an ionic repulsion mechanism,achieving simultaneously high Zn^(2+)transference number(0.79)and high ionic conductivity(28.7 mS cm−1).Additionally,the reactivity of water in the PAPTMA hydrogels is significantly inhibited,thus possessing a strong resistance to parasitic reactions.Mechanical characterization further reveals the superior tensile and adhesion strength of PAPTMA.Leveraging these properties,symmetric batteries employing PAPTMA hydrogel deliver exceeding 6000 h of reversible cycling at 1 mA cm^(−2) and maintain stable operation for 1000 h with a discharge of depth of 71%.When applied in 4×4 cm2 pouch cells with MnO_(2) as the cathode material,the device demonstrates remarkable operational stability and mechanical robustness through 150 cycles.This work presents an eclectic strategy for designing advanced hydrogels that combine high ionic conductivity,enhanced Zn^(2+)mobility,and strong resistance to parasitic reactions,paving the way for long-lasting flexible ZIBs.展开更多
＂Click chemistry＂ is, by definition, a general functionalization methodology （GFM） and its marriage with living anionic polymerization is particularly powerful in precise macromolecular synthesis. This paper repor...＂Click chemistry＂ is, by definition, a general functionalization methodology （GFM） and its marriage with living anionic polymerization is particularly powerful in precise macromolecular synthesis. This paper reports the synthesis of a ＂clickable＂ middle-chain azide-functionalized polystyrene （mPS-N3） by anionic polymerization and its application in the preparation of novel shape amphiphiles based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane （POSS）. The mPS-N3 was synthesized by coupling living poly（styryl）lithium chains （PSLi） with 3-chloropropylmethyldichlorosilane and subsequent nucleophilic substitution of the chloro group in the presence of sodium azide. Excess PSLi was end-capped with ethylene oxide to facilitate its removal by flash chromatography. The raPS-N3 was then derived into a giant lipid-like shape amphiphile in two steps following a sequential ＂click＂ strategy. The copper（I）-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition between mPS-N3 and alkyne-functionalized vinyl-substituted POSS derivative （VPOSS-alkyne） ensured quantitative ligation to give polystyrene with VPOSS tethered at the middle of the chain （mPS-VPOSS）. The thiol-ene reaction with 1-thioglycerol transforms the vinyl groups on the POSS periphery to hydroxyls, resulting in an amphiphilic shape amphiphile, mPS-DPOSS. This synthetic approach is highly efficient and modular. It demonstrates the ＂click＂ philosophy of facile complex molecule construction from a library of simple building blocks and also suggests that mPS-N3 can be used as a versatile ＂clickable＂ motif in polymer science for the precise synthesis of complex macromolecules.展开更多
The rapid advancement of modern science and technology,coupled with the recent surge in new-energy electric vehicles,has significantly boosted the demand for lithium.This has promoted the development and efficient uti...The rapid advancement of modern science and technology,coupled with the recent surge in new-energy electric vehicles,has significantly boosted the demand for lithium.This has promoted the development and efficient utilization of lepidolite as a lithium source.Therefore,the processes for the flotation of lepidolite have been studied in depth,particularly the development and use of lepidolite flotation collectors and the action mechanism of the collectors on the lepidolite surface.Based on the crystal-structure characteristics of lepidolite minerals,this review focuses on the application of anionic collectors,amine cationic collectors(primary amines,quaternary ammonium salts,ether amines,and Gemini amines),and combined collectors to the flotation behavior of lepidolite as well as the adsorption mechanisms.New directions and technologies for the controllable flotation of lepidolite are proposed,including process improvement,reagent synthesis,and mechanistic research.This analysis demonstrates the need for the further study of the complex environment inside lepidolite and pulp.By using modern analytical detection methods and quantum chemical calculations,research on reagents for the flotation of lepidolite has expanded,providing new concepts and references for the efficient flotation recovery and utilization of lepidolite.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52202046)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (No.2021JQ-034)。
文摘Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) are increasingly recognized as promising cathode materials for nextgeneration high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).However,they suffer from voltage decay and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) due to severe structural degradation caused by irreversible O release.Herein,we introduce a three-in-one strategy of increasing Ni and Mn content,along with Li/Ni disordering and TM–O covalency regulation to boost cationic and anionic redox activity simultaneously and thus enhance the electrochemical activity of LLOs.The target material,Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.168)Mn_(0.558)Co_(0.074)O_(2)(L1),exhibits an improved ICE of 87.2%and specific capacity of 293.2 mA h g^(-1)and minimal voltage decay of less than 0.53 m V cycle-1over 300 cycles at 1C,compared to Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.13)Mn_(0.54)Co_(0.13)O_(2)(Ls)(274.4 mA h g^(-1)for initial capacity,73.8%for ICE and voltage decay of 0.84 mV/cycle over 300 cycles at 1C).Theoretical calculations reveal that the density of states (DOS) area near the Fermi energy level for L1 is larger than that of Ls,indicating higher anionic and cationic redox reactivity than Ls.Moreover,L1 exhibits increased O-vacancy formation energy due to higher Li/Ni disordering of 4.76%(quantified by X-ray diffraction Rietveld refinement) and enhanced TM–O covalency,making lattice O release more difficult and thus improving electrochemical stability.The increased Li/Ni disordering also leads to more Ni^(2+)presence in the Li layer,which acts as a pillar during Li+de-embedding,improving structural stability.This research not only presents a viable approach to designing low-Co LLOs with enhanced capacity and ICE but also contributes significantly to the fundamental understanding of structural regulation in high-performance LIB cathodes.
基金Funded by High and New-Technology Project from Science and Technology Department of Fujian Province (No. 2004H008)
文摘Study on nanomaterials has attracted great interests in recent years. In this article, zirconia nanocrystallites of different structures have been successfully synthesized via hydrothermal methods with cationic surfactant （CTAB） and anionic surfactant （SDS）, respectively. Differential Scanning Calorimeter （DSC-TG）, X-ray Diffractometer （XRD）, Transmission Electron Microscope （TEM）, Ultraviolet-Visible （UV-vis） and N2 adsorption-desorption analyses are used for their structure characteristics. The results show that the cationic surfactant has a distinctive direction effect on the formation of zirconia nanocrystallites, while the anionic surfactant has a self-assembly synergistic effect on them. The sample synthesized with the cationic surfactant presents good dispersion with the main phase of tetragonal zirconia, and the average nanocrystal size is around 15 nm after calcination at 500 ℃. While the sample synthesized with the anionic surfactant exhibits a worm-like mesoporous structure with pure tetragonal phase after calcination at 500 ℃ and with good thermal stability.
基金support from Key R&D Program of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2020024).
文摘High-performance adsorbents have been well-studied for the removal of organic dye pollutants to promote environment remediation.In this study,an Ag nanoparticle-functionalized Fe_(3)O_(4)-PDA nanocomposite adsorbent(PDA-Fe_(3)O_(4)-Ag)was synthesized,and the adsorption/separation performance of commonly used cationic and anionic organic dyes by the PDA-Fe_(3)O_(4)-Ag adsorbent were assessed.Overall,PDA-Fe_(3)O_(4)-Ag exhibited a significantly higher adsorption capacity for cationic dyes compared to anionic dyes,the highest of which was more than 110.0 mg/g(methylene blue(MB)),which was much higher than not only the adsorption capacities of the anionic dyes in this study but also other dye adsorption capacities reported in the literature.The dye adsorption kinetics data fitted well to both the pseudo second-order kinetics model and the Langmuir isotherm model,suggesting a monolayer-chemisorption-dominated adsorption mode.Thermodynamics analysis indicated that the adsorption process was both endothermic and spontaneous.Furthermore,the PDAFe_(3)O_(4)-Ag adsorbent achieved high photodegradation removal rates of the dyes,especially neutral red(NR)and methyl orange(MO),which were 91.2%and 87.5%,respectively.With the addition of PDA-Fe_(3)O_(4)-Ag,the degradation rate constants of NR and MO increased from 0.08×10^(−2)and 0 min^(−1)to 2.11×10^(−2)and 1.73×10^(−2)min−1,respectively.The high adsorption and photocatalytic degradation performance of the PDA-Fe_(3)O_(4)-Ag adsorbent make it an excellent candidate for removing cationic and anionic dyes from the industrial effluents.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20025618, No. 20236010) Shanghai Municipal Education Commission of China.
文摘The properties of aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) of mixed solution containing gemini cationic surfactant trimethylene-1,3-bis(dodecyldimethyl ammonium) bromide (12-3-12, 2Br-) and traditional anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with or without added salt have been studied. An ATPS is formed in a narrow region of the ternary phase diagram different from that of traditional aqueous cationic-anionic surfactant systems. In ATPS region, the lowest total concentration of surfactants varies with the mixing ratio of geminis to SDS. Photographs obtained from freeze-etching, negative-staining and transmission electron microscopy show that the microstructures of two phases are different from each other. Micelles and vesicles can coexist in a single phase. The addition of salts can change the phase diagram of ATPS. Furthermore, the added salts promote the aggregation of rod-like micelles to form coarse network structure that increase the viscosity of solutions. The negative ions of the added salts are the determining factor.
基金the Iranian National Science Foundation (INSF) for a research grant support the Islamic Azad University(I.A.U.), Masjed-Soleiman and Ahwaz Branches, respectively, for their financial support of this research workthe financial support from the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia for the High Impact Research Grant (UM.C/1/HIR/MOHE/SC/21)
文摘Selenium and zinc are used as anionic and cationic dopant elements to dope PbS nanostructures. The undoped and doped PbS nanostructures are grown using a thermal evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） results show similar morphologies for the undoped and doped PbS nanostructures. X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns of three sets of the nanostructures indicate that these nanostructures each have a PbS structure with a cubic phase. Evidence of dopant incorporation is demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. Raman spectra of the synthesized samples con- firm the XRD results and indicate five Raman active modes, which relate to the PbS cubic phase for all the nanostructures. Room temperature photoluminescence （PL） and UV-Vis spectrometers are used to study optical properties of the undoped and doped PbS nanostructures. Optical characterization shows that emission and absorption peaks are in the infrared （IR） region of the electromagnetic spectrum for all PbS nanostructures. In addition, the optical studies of the doped PbS nanos- tructures reveal that the band gap of the Se-doped PbS is smaller, and the band gap of the Zn-doped PbS is bigger than the band gap of the undoped PbS nanostructures.
基金done during the first author's Fulbright fellowship at the Center for Advanced Separation (CAST)/Virginia Technical Institute and State University-USA. Salah would like to thank all the people who work at CAST for their friendship and support during his stay in Blacksburg, VA.
文摘Flotation performance of a de-slimed（-150＋53μm）Jordanian siliceous phosphate was evaluated in a batch laboratory flotation column 100 cm high and 5 cm inside diameter.The collector used during anionic flotation was sodium oleate while an amine acetate（AEROMINE 3100C）was used for cationic flotation.Flotation comparison at different collector dosage,superficial gas velocity,and frother concentration showed that the maximum difference in performance between cationic and anionic flotation was obtained with these flotation parameters：30×10^（-6）（mg/L）frother concentration,250 g/t collector concentration,and 3.4 cm/s superficial gas velocity.At these operating conditions amine （cationic）flotation gave 7%higher flotation recovery,a 6%cleaner concentrate grade,and was 6%more efficient at removing silica.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, No. U1407119)
文摘In this paper, a new anionic metal-organic framework, [In(PBPTTBA)][(CH_3)_2 NH_2](BUT-29) has been synthesized through the reaction of tetratopic acid ligand with double Lewis pyridine sites, 4,4',4'',4'''-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyridine-6,4,2-triyl)) tetrabenzoic acid(H_4 PBPTTBA) and In(NO_3)_2·5H_2O and fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction(SXRD), powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), infrared spectroscopy(IR), and elemental analysis(EA). BUT-29 can be used as an efficient adsorbent for the selective removal of organic cationic dyes in N,N0-dimethylformamide(DMF) solution. The adsorption capacities of BUT-29 toward methylene blue and crystal violet at 298 K can reach 1119 mg/g and 832 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, the adsorbed dyes can be released in the DMF solution of LiNO_3 gradually.
文摘The main purpose of this research work is to improve anti-static properties of Cashmere fabric by introducing application comprising anti-static agent by foaming which was made with cationic waterborne polyurethane and graphene-CNC. Cashmere fabric was cut into 10 pieces of sample cloth of 5 cm * 5 cm size, washed with acetone solution, and then dried in an oven at 60℃. Three forms of waterborne polyurethanes such as two forms of Cationic waterborne polyurethane (CWPU) and a form of Anionic waterborne polyurethane (AWPU) were synthesized. Cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC)/graphite powder solution with the ratio of 0.5/1, 1/1, 2/1 was prepared by ultrasonic probe stripping method, and the concentration of graphite powder was ensured to be 1 mg/ml. The fabric was treated with anionic and cationic WPUs foaming solution until the weight gain reached 2.5 - 3.5 wt%. After drying, the elastic cloth was foamed with graphene solution until the graphite content of the cloth was close to 10%, 20%, 40%, 60% respectively, and then dried for reserving. Characterization properties of pure graphite powder, pure CNC and graphene solution with different proportions of three components were tested by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermalgravitimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Take the original cloth, only WPU treated cloth and four clothes with different graphite content for the fabric performance test.
文摘A star-shaped multifunctional styrene-isoprene copolymer was synthesized with n-BuLi as initiator, divinyl benzene as coupling agent, cyclobexane as solvent by living anionic polymerization. Using this polymer as grafting agent, a novel star-shaped branched polymer, containing several polyisobutylene, was prepared via cationic ~aolymerization. The star PS-b-PI and star-branched polyisobutylene were characterized by GPC, ＇HNMR and FT-IR, and the effects of different adding order and the amount of grafting agent were investigated.
基金This work was supported by the National NatUral Science Foundation of China under grant! No.29733090 and No. 29803003 the Re
文摘MTBPyP (meso-tetrakis(4-N-benzylpyridyl)porphyrin, M=H-2, Zn) bearing positive charge has been shown to associate with SiW12O404- in water solution. The spectral evolution and Job's plots analyses reveal that the relatively stable aggregates contain equal numbers of MTBPyP4(+) and SiW12O404-.
文摘Typical cationic and anionic surfactants were chosen and their interactions were calculated by quantum chemical method. Interaction energies are -0.2378 kJ·mol-1, -3.3394kJ·mol-1 and 0.1204kJ·mol-1 for the molecular pairs with fluocarbon and hydrocarbon chain: C4H10/C5H12, C4F10/C5H12, and C4F10 /C5F12, respectively. When hydrophilic group with cationic and anionicions is introduced, interaction energies are -287.40kJ·mol-1, -311.18kJ·mol-1 and -345.83kJ·mol-1. The results show that there is strong static interaction between cationic and anionic surfactants. It has been predicted that mixed monolayer may be formed and surface activity is enhanced favorably, especially for mixtures of cationic and anionic surfactants with fluocarbon and hydrocarbon chains. The anionic surfactants, sodium octadecylbenzenesulfonate perfluopolyetherbenzenesulonate(ANF-I) was synthesized, mixture effects of ANF-I with sodium octadecylbenzenesulfonate or dodecyldimethyl benzylammonium bromide were studied. The results indicate that the efficiency of mixing increased and the theoretical prediction was testified. These results can provide useful information for the design of new surfactants.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20803045)National Basic Research Program of China) (Grant No. 2009CB 930103)New Teacher’s Foundation of Ministry of Education (Grant No. 200804221008)
文摘Cationic base surfactant, tetradecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (TTAOH), can be obtained through anion exchange from tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTABr). Salt-free cationic and anionic (catanionic) surfactant mixtures were studied by mixing TTAOH with oleic acid (OA) or stearic acid (SA) in water. The phase behavior of TTAOH/OA/H2O is compared with that of TTAOH/SA/H2O. It was found that the phase behavior of TTAOH/OA/H2O and TTAOH/SA/H2O system differs from each other due to the existence of the unsaturated double carbon bond (C=C) in OA. At fixed total surfactant concentration (25 mg/mL) of TTAOH/OA/H2O system at 25℃, one can observe an isotropic L1 phase, and a L1/Lα two-phase region with increasing OA content. The volume of top turbid Lα phase increases while the bottom phase changes gradually from transparently clear to a bit turbid until a single Lα-phase is reached. Finally at high OA concentration, excess OA is separated from the bulk aqueous solutions. TTAOH/SA/H2O system usually forms white precipitating at 25℃ due to the high chain melting temperature of SA. When heated to 60℃, however, the state of samples changes. At fixed total surfactant concentration of 25 mg/mL, an isotropic L1 phase and a milk-white or bluish Lα-phase are observed with increasing SA concentration. Transparent thin layers which are strongly birefringent form at the tops of some samples within the Lα-phase region. Finally, at high SA concentration, excess SA is separated from the bulk aqueous solutions. In addition to phase behavior study, we also measured the conductivity of TTAOH/OA/H2O system at 25℃ and TTAOH/SA/H2O system at 60℃, respectively. Surface tension and rheological measurements were also performed on typical samples.
文摘This paper deals with the preparation of cationic starch with high degree of substitute by dry-process. The corn starch and the alkali catalyst are mixed in the mixer, then added the cationic etherifying agent (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride). The reacting time is for 5 hours at the temperature of 70℃. The cationic starch with high degree of substitution is used as anionic charge neutralizing agents to improve filler retention in wet-end section of papermaking machine.
基金Supported by China Petroleum Science and Technology Innovation Fund(2017D-5007-0601)State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and China University of Petroleum(East China)2018 Graduate Engineering Innovation Project Found(SLKZZ-2017002)
文摘Micro-emulsion usually consists of water, oil, surfactants and co-surfactants, and each component has an effect on the phase behavior and solubilization of the micro-emulsion. When the surfactant in the micro-emulsion system is quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini surfactant, the surfactant mainly combines with the anions in the salt. With the increase of salt concentration, the phase transformation of Winsor I → Winsor III → Winsor II occurred, but the optimum salinity and salt width are different because of the type of salt. The effects of 5 different kinds of monovalent anions, including C_6H_5SO_3^-, I-, Br-, NO_3^- and Cl-, on the phase behavior and solubilization of quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini micro-emulsion are researched by Winsor phase diagram. It is found that the effects of organic anions C_6H_5SO_3-and I-on the phase behavior and solubilization of quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini micro-emulsion are most significant, and the effects of Br-, NO_3^- and Cl-are less significant. Meanwhile, when the optimum solubilization is achieved, the amount of sodium benzoate is the least, indicating that the organic anion has stronger self-organization behavior with quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini surfactants.
文摘Oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is often regarded as a crucial bottleneck in the field of renewable energy storage and conversion.To further accelerate the sluggish kinetics of OER,a cation and anion modulation strategy is reported here,which has been proven to be effective in preparing highly active electrocatalyst.For example,the cobalt,sulfur,and phosphorus modulated nickel hydroxide(denoted as NiCoPSOH)only needs an overpotential of 232 mV to reach a current density of 20 mA cm^(–2),demonstrating excellent OER performances.The cation and anion modulation facilitates the generation of high-valent Ni species,which would activate the lattice oxygen and switch the OER reaction pathway from conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism to lattice oxygen mechanism(LOM),as evidenced by the results of electrochemical measurements,Raman spectroscopy and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry.The LOM pathway of NiCoPSOH is further verified by the theoretical calculations,including the upshift of O 2p band center,the weakened Ni–O bond and the lowest energy barrier of rate-limiting step.Thus,the anion and cation modulated catalyst NiCoPSOH could effectively accelerate the sluggish OER kinetics.Our work provides a new insight into the cation and anion modulation,and broadens the possibility for the rational design of highly active electrocatalysts.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51473066,21274054 and 21304038)Science & Technology Development Plans of Shandong Province,China(No.2010GSF10610)
文摘A novel and easy one-step protocol for preparation of a new porous material, polyurea （PPU）, is reported, which is accomplished through a precipitation polymerization of toluene diisocyanate （TDI） in mixed solvent of H20-acetone without need for surfactant and porogen. Effects of TDI concentration, mechanical stirring, solvent composition and TDI addition rate on PPU structure are studied. Surface morphology and pore structure of PPU are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Hg intrusion. Chemical structure of the PPU polymer is investigated using NMR, XRD and FTIR. Mechanism of pore formation is discussed. The obtained PPU is used as adsorbent for anionic dyes adsorption investigation. Two anionic dyes, remazol brilliant blue R and acid fuchsine, are tested. The results indicate that the as-prepared PPU is of high performance in dye adsorption and recycled use. This study provided therefore a facile route to the preparation of a novel and attractive adsorbent candidate for removal of anionic dyes from wastewaters.
文摘The potential of pennywort （Hydrocotyle vulgaris） for phytoremediation of C.I. Acid Blue 92 （AB92） was evaluated. The effects of various experimental parameters including pH, temperature, dye concentration and plant weight on dye removal efficiency were investigated. The results showed that the optimal condition for dye removal were pH 3.5 and temperature 25~C. Moreover, the absolute dye removal enhanced with increase in the initial dye concentration and plant weight. Pennywort showed the same removal efficiency in repeated experiments （four runs） as that obtained from the first run （a 6-day period）. Therefore, the ability of the plant in consecutive removal of AB92 confirmed the biodegradation process. Accordingly, a number of produced intermediate compounds were identified. The effect of treatment on photosynthesis and antioxidant defense system including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in plant roots and leaves were evaluated. The results revealed a reduction in photosynthetic pigments content under dye treatments. Antioxidant enzyme responses showed marked variations with respect to the plant organ and dye concentration in the liquid medium. Overall, the increase in antioxidant enzyme activity under AB92 stress in the roots was much higher than that in the leaves. Nevertheless, no significant increase in malondialdehyde content was detected in roots or leaves, implying that the high efficiency of antioxidant system in the elimination of reactive oxygen species. Based on these results, pennywort was founded to be a capable species for phytoremediation of AB92-contaminated water, may be effective for phytoremediation dye-contaminated polluted aquatic ecosystems.
基金financially supported by the General Research Fund(CityU 11315622 and CityU 11310123)National Natural Science Foundation(NSFC 52372229 and NSFC 52172241)+3 种基金Green Tech Fund(GTF202220105)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515011008)City University of Hong Kong(No.9020002)the Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong.
文摘The development of flexible zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)faces a threeway trade-off among the ionic conductivity,Zn^(2+)mobility,and the electrochemical stability of hydrogel electrolytes.To address this challenge,we designed a cationic hydrogel named PAPTMA to holistically improve the reversibility of ZIBs.The long cationic branch chains in the polymeric matrix construct express pathways for rapid Zn^(2+)transport through an ionic repulsion mechanism,achieving simultaneously high Zn^(2+)transference number(0.79)and high ionic conductivity(28.7 mS cm−1).Additionally,the reactivity of water in the PAPTMA hydrogels is significantly inhibited,thus possessing a strong resistance to parasitic reactions.Mechanical characterization further reveals the superior tensile and adhesion strength of PAPTMA.Leveraging these properties,symmetric batteries employing PAPTMA hydrogel deliver exceeding 6000 h of reversible cycling at 1 mA cm^(−2) and maintain stable operation for 1000 h with a discharge of depth of 71%.When applied in 4×4 cm2 pouch cells with MnO_(2) as the cathode material,the device demonstrates remarkable operational stability and mechanical robustness through 150 cycles.This work presents an eclectic strategy for designing advanced hydrogels that combine high ionic conductivity,enhanced Zn^(2+)mobility,and strong resistance to parasitic reactions,paving the way for long-lasting flexible ZIBs.
文摘＂Click chemistry＂ is, by definition, a general functionalization methodology （GFM） and its marriage with living anionic polymerization is particularly powerful in precise macromolecular synthesis. This paper reports the synthesis of a ＂clickable＂ middle-chain azide-functionalized polystyrene （mPS-N3） by anionic polymerization and its application in the preparation of novel shape amphiphiles based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane （POSS）. The mPS-N3 was synthesized by coupling living poly（styryl）lithium chains （PSLi） with 3-chloropropylmethyldichlorosilane and subsequent nucleophilic substitution of the chloro group in the presence of sodium azide. Excess PSLi was end-capped with ethylene oxide to facilitate its removal by flash chromatography. The raPS-N3 was then derived into a giant lipid-like shape amphiphile in two steps following a sequential ＂click＂ strategy. The copper（I）-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition between mPS-N3 and alkyne-functionalized vinyl-substituted POSS derivative （VPOSS-alkyne） ensured quantitative ligation to give polystyrene with VPOSS tethered at the middle of the chain （mPS-VPOSS）. The thiol-ene reaction with 1-thioglycerol transforms the vinyl groups on the POSS periphery to hydroxyls, resulting in an amphiphilic shape amphiphile, mPS-DPOSS. This synthetic approach is highly efficient and modular. It demonstrates the ＂click＂ philosophy of facile complex molecule construction from a library of simple building blocks and also suggests that mPS-N3 can be used as a versatile ＂clickable＂ motif in polymer science for the precise synthesis of complex macromolecules.
基金financially supported by the Excellent Youth Scholars Program of State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resource Clean Utilization,Kunming University of Science and Technology,China(No.YXQN-2024003)the Central Government-Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project,China(No.202407AB110022)。
文摘The rapid advancement of modern science and technology,coupled with the recent surge in new-energy electric vehicles,has significantly boosted the demand for lithium.This has promoted the development and efficient utilization of lepidolite as a lithium source.Therefore,the processes for the flotation of lepidolite have been studied in depth,particularly the development and use of lepidolite flotation collectors and the action mechanism of the collectors on the lepidolite surface.Based on the crystal-structure characteristics of lepidolite minerals,this review focuses on the application of anionic collectors,amine cationic collectors(primary amines,quaternary ammonium salts,ether amines,and Gemini amines),and combined collectors to the flotation behavior of lepidolite as well as the adsorption mechanisms.New directions and technologies for the controllable flotation of lepidolite are proposed,including process improvement,reagent synthesis,and mechanistic research.This analysis demonstrates the need for the further study of the complex environment inside lepidolite and pulp.By using modern analytical detection methods and quantum chemical calculations,research on reagents for the flotation of lepidolite has expanded,providing new concepts and references for the efficient flotation recovery and utilization of lepidolite.
