Web data extraction has become a key technology for extracting valuable data from websites.At present,most extraction methods based on rule learning,visual pattern or tree matching have limited performance on complex ...Web data extraction has become a key technology for extracting valuable data from websites.At present,most extraction methods based on rule learning,visual pattern or tree matching have limited performance on complex web pages.Through ana-lyzing various statistical characteristics of HTML el-ements in web documents,this paper proposes,based on statistical features,an unsupervised web data ex-traction method—traversing the HTML DOM parse tree at first,calculating and generating the statistical matrix of the elements,and then locating data records by clustering method and heuristic rules that reveal in-herent links between the visual characteristics of the data recording areas and the statistical characteristics of the HTML nodes—which is both suitable for data records extraction of single-page and multi-pages,and it has strong generality and needs no training.The ex-periments show that the accuracy and efficiency of this method are equally better than the current data extrac-tion method.展开更多
Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly ...Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly to substitute petroleum-based products.They are a definite class of sustainable materials of the forestry industry.They have been in operation for hundreds of years to manufacture leather and now for a growing number of applications in a variety of other industries,such as wood adhesives,metal coating,pharmaceutical/medical applications and several others.This review presents the main sources,either already or potentially commercial of this forestry by-materials,their industrial and laboratory extraction systems,their systems of analysis with their advantages and drawbacks,be these methods so simple to even appear primitive but nonetheless of proven effectiveness,or very modern and instrumental.It constitutes a basic but essential summary of what is necessary to know of these sustainable materials.In doing so,the review highlights some of the main challenges that remain to be addressed to deliver the quality and economics of tannin supply necessary to fulfill the industrial production requirements for some materials-based uses.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study is to isolate Chlorella vulgaris(chlorella)and extract its genomic DNA.[Method] Both the dilution method and drip method were employed to isolate chlorella from lake water samples;the...[Objective] The aim of this study is to isolate Chlorella vulgaris(chlorella)and extract its genomic DNA.[Method] Both the dilution method and drip method were employed to isolate chlorella from lake water samples;the conditions for culturing chlorella were optimized and its genomic DNA was extracted by improved CTAB method and SDS method.[Result] The proper conditions for chlorella culture were as following:temperature 20-25 ℃,illumination 4.39-5.86 W/m2 and rotational speed 100-150r/min;improved CTAB method was suitable for extracting genomic DNA from chlorella.[Conclusion] The study is helpful to study the chlorella at molecular level and promote the exploitation and utilization of chlorella resources.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to find out a quick,simple,and low-cost method for the extraction of sorghum genomic DNA.[Method] Four plant genomic DNA extraction methods based on CTAB,including liquid nitrogen grinding m...[Objective] This study was to find out a quick,simple,and low-cost method for the extraction of sorghum genomic DNA.[Method] Four plant genomic DNA extraction methods based on CTAB,including liquid nitrogen grinding method（method I）,buffer grinding method（method II）,drying grinding method（method III）and directly grinding method（method IV）,were used to extract the sorghum genomic DNA from leaves;further the quantity and quality of the yielded DNA were detected by gel electrophoresis,SSR-PCR and SRAP-PCR.[Result] These four methods performed no remarkable difference in DNA product.The method I and method II produced DNA with higher purity and better integrity,which,especially from method I,is effective for SRAP-PCR and SSR-PCR.While the DNA extracted via method III and method IV had less integrality and lower purity,and only effective in SSR-PCR.[Conclusion] Enough amount of sorghum genomic DNA to perform tens of PCR could be quickly extracted using all these four methods.The DNA obtained via method I and method II had a broader application spectrum（SRAP,RAPD,ISSR and SSR）than that via method III and method IV which is only proper for PCR targeting small DNA fragments（SSR）.展开更多
[Objective] The study was to explore the most effective and feasible method for sugarcane stalks RNA extraction.[Method] SDS extraction method,kit extraction method and GHCL extraction method were used to extract the ...[Objective] The study was to explore the most effective and feasible method for sugarcane stalks RNA extraction.[Method] SDS extraction method,kit extraction method and GHCL extraction method were used to extract the sugarcane RNA in stalks,and the quality of the extracted RNA was compared.[Result] RNA extracted by kit extraction method had a high-yield,the bands were clear and RNA had a good integrity,there was no significant degradation of RNA,and the OD260 nm/OD280 nm value was closed to 2.0.[Conclusion] Kit extraction method was the effectively method to extract sugarcane RNA,and this study had provided a theoretical basis for the molecular biology study of sugarcane.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed at comparing the four extraction methods of genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch and determining the optimal extraction method for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasci...[Objective] This study aimed at comparing the four extraction methods of genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch and determining the optimal extraction method for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch.[Method] Leavies of Clematis fasciculiflora Franch were used as materials for comparing the purity and concentration of extracted DNA and extracting time among the four extraction methods of genomic DNA including improved CTAB method Ⅰ,improved CTAB method Ⅱ,improved CTAB method Ⅲ and improved SDS method.[Result] The four extraction methods could all be successfully used for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch.The purity of genomic DNA was the highest using improved CTAB method Ⅰ,with the longest extracting time;while the concentration of genomic DNA was the maximum using the improved SDS method,with the shortest extracting time and relatively low purity;the extracting time of improved CTAB method Ⅲ was the shortest.[Conclusion] This study had established the optimal extraction method for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch and supported for the further research using molecular biological methods.展开更多
To rapidly obtain high-quality genomic DNA from Chenopodium quinoa Willd, the genomic DAN in different tissues （leaves, stems and roots） of Chenopodi- um quinoa Willd was extracted by modified CTAB method, SDS metho...To rapidly obtain high-quality genomic DNA from Chenopodium quinoa Willd, the genomic DAN in different tissues （leaves, stems and roots） of Chenopodi- um quinoa Willd was extracted by modified CTAB method, SDS method and high- salt Iow-pH method, respectively. The quality and yield of extracted DNA was deter- mined using agarose gel electrophoresis and UV spectrophotometry. At the same time, the PCR-SSR and SSCP molecular detection was also performed. The results showed that the gel test strips, without obvious decomposition, of all the extraction methods were relatively obvious; the genomic DNA yield extracted by modified CTAB method was highest, followed by that by SDS method, and the genomic DNA extracted by high-salt Iow-pH method was lowest： the genomic DNA yields extracted by different methods from Chenopodium quinoa Wiltd leaves were all high- er than those from roots and stems; the quality of Chenopodium quinoa Willd ge- nomic DNA extracted by modified CTAB method and high-salt Iow-pH method was better, and polyphenols, polysaccharides and other impurities were removed more completely. The PCR-SSR and SSCP detection results showed that the genomic DNA extracted by different methods from different tissues of Chenopodium quinoa Willd all could be better amplified, and high-quality strips could be obtained. So the Chenopodium quinoa Willd genomic DNA extracted by the three methods all can be used for subsequent molecular biology research.展开更多
In recent years,with the rapid development of deep learning technology,relational triplet extraction techniques have also achieved groundbreaking progress.Traditional pipeline models have certain limitations due to er...In recent years,with the rapid development of deep learning technology,relational triplet extraction techniques have also achieved groundbreaking progress.Traditional pipeline models have certain limitations due to error propagation.To overcome the limitations of traditional pipeline models,recent research has focused on jointly modeling the two key subtasks-named entity recognition and relation extraction-within a unified framework.To support future research,this paper provides a comprehensive review of recently published studies in the field of relational triplet extraction.The review examines commonly used public datasets for relational triplet extraction techniques and systematically reviews current mainstream joint extraction methods,including joint decoding methods and parameter sharing methods,with joint decoding methods further divided into table filling,tagging,and sequence-to-sequence approaches.In addition,this paper also conducts small-scale replication experiments on models that have performed well in recent years for each method to verify the reproducibility of the code and to compare the performance of different models under uniform conditions.Each method has its own advantages in terms of model design,task handling,and application scenarios,but also faces challenges such as processing complex sentence structures,cross-sentence relation extraction,and adaptability in low-resource environments.Finally,this paper systematically summarizes each method and discusses the future development prospects of joint extraction of relational triples.展开更多
[Objectives]To optimize the optimal extraction process of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture.[Methods]Taking water addition ratio,extraction time and extraction times as process investigation factors,psoralen content,astilbin cont...[Objectives]To optimize the optimal extraction process of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture.[Methods]Taking water addition ratio,extraction time and extraction times as process investigation factors,psoralen content,astilbin content and dry extract yield as evaluation indicators,the main influencing factors and level range of the extraction process of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture were determined on the basis of single factor test method,and the optimal weight coefficient was screened by AHP-entropy method mixed with weighting method.Combined with L_(9)(3^(4))orthogonal experiment,the best extraction process was obtained.At the same time,thin-layer chromatographic identification was used to identify Ficus simplicissima Lour.and Smilax glabra Roxb.in the medicinal liquid.[Results]The best extraction process:add 1:12 water to the prescription decoction pieces,extract under reflux for 2 times,1.5 h per time,and combine the filtrate to 250 mL.Thin layer chromatography analysis showed that the spots of Ficus simplicissima Lour.and Smilax glabra Roxb.in the medicinal solution were the same as those of reference substances at the corresponding positions,and the negative control had no interference.[Conclusions]The experimental method is reasonable and feasible,and the process is reliable,which can provide experimental reference for the subsequent application of in-hospital preparations and research and development of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture.展开更多
Unlike primary metabolites,secondary metabolites serve critical ecological functions,including plant protection,stress tolerance,and symbiosis.This review focuses on extracting,separating,and identifying the major cla...Unlike primary metabolites,secondary metabolites serve critical ecological functions,including plant protection,stress tolerance,and symbiosis.This review focuses on extracting,separating,and identifying the major classes of secondary metabolites,including alkaloids,terpenoids,phenolics,glycosides,saponins,and coumarins.It describes optimized methods regarding plant selection,extraction by solvents,and purification of the metabolites,highlighting the latest advancements in chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.The review also describes some of the most important problems,such as the instability of the compounds or diversity of the structures,and discusses emerging technologies that solve these issues.Moreover,it examines the secondary roles of these metabolites in medicine,such as anticancer and antimicrobial drugs,sustainable agriculture biopesticides,and environmental ecology-also known as allelopathy and bioindicators.It combines traditional ethnobotanical approaches with contem-porary science,demonstrating the vital need to protect biodiversity in key ecosystems such as tropical rainforests,mountain regions,coral reefs,and arid zones as a foundation for anticipatory bio-discoveries.It organizes the methodological frameworks and outlines the steps needed to enhance the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural sources.展开更多
Sustainable extraction methods for natural extracts are crucial for mitigating environmental impact.Strategies that focus on waste reduction and resource efficiency contribute to long-term conservation.Hemp seeds,whic...Sustainable extraction methods for natural extracts are crucial for mitigating environmental impact.Strategies that focus on waste reduction and resource efficiency contribute to long-term conservation.Hemp seeds,which were previously treated as waste product,are now valued for their nutrition and functional properties.This study investigated sustainable extraction methods for obtaining natural extracts from hemp seeds,with a focus on reducing environmental impact through efficient resource utilization and waste reduction.The extraction methods compared included supercritical fluid extraction(SFE),Soxhlet extraction(SOX),ultrasound-assisted extraction(UAE),cold maceration(CM),and cold pressing(CP).The contents of antioxidants,total phenols,and fatty acids in the extracts were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The extracts were subsequently formulated into organogels to evaluate the stability of the fatty acids.The results showed that SFE and CP were the most efficient and environmentally friendly methods,with SFE allowing complete separation of the solvent from the extract.CP was also found to be effective and environmentally friendly.The study confirmed that formulating extracts in organogels effectively inhibited fatty acid oxidation,although a reduction in fatty acid content was observed during gel production.Overall,the formulation of extracts in organogels increased their stability,especially in preventing fatty acid degradation.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to compare three RNA extraction methods and thus find out the suitable one for isolating intact and high quality total RNA from Pinus bungeana.[Method] Employing three extraction ...[Objective] The aim of this study was to compare three RNA extraction methods and thus find out the suitable one for isolating intact and high quality total RNA from Pinus bungeana.[Method] Employing three extraction methods of Trizol,RNeasy Mini Kit,LiCl precipitation,total RNAs of P.bungeana were extracted from pine leaf samples,and their integrity and purity were detected via agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometry for a comparative study.[Result] Among the three extraction methods,LiCl precipitation method demonstrated higher yield and better integrity of total extracted RNA,with OD260/OD280 ratio between 1.8-2.0 and clear 28 S and 18 S bands in electrophoresis pattern.[Conclusion] LiCl precipitation method could be used to extract highly pure and intact total RNA from P.bungeana.展开更多
●AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of early lens extraction during pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)compared to those of PPV with subsequent cataract surgery.●METHODS:T...●AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of early lens extraction during pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)compared to those of PPV with subsequent cataract surgery.●METHODS:This multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted in three Chinese hospitals on patients with PDR,aged>45y,with mild cataracts.The participants were randomly assigned to the combined(PPV combined with simultaneously cataract surgery,i.e.,phacovitrectomy)or subsequent(PPV with subsequent cataract surgery 6mo later)group and followed up for 12mo.The primary outcome was the change in best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)from baseline to 6mo,and the secondary outcomes included complication rates and medical expenses.●RESULTS:In total,129 patients with PDR were recruited and equally randomized(66 and 63 in the combined and subsequent groups respectively).The change in BCVA in the combined group[mean,36.90 letters;95%confidence interval(CI),30.35–43.45]was significantly better(adjusted difference,16.43;95%CI,8.77–24.08;P<0.001)than in the subsequent group(mean,22.40 letters;95%CI,15.55–29.24)6mo after the PPV,with no significant difference between the two groups at 12mo.The overall surgical risk of two sequential surgeries was significantly higher than that of the combined surgery for neovascular glaucoma(17.65%vs 3.77%,P=0.005).No significant differences were found in the photocoagulation spots,surgical time,and economic expenses between two groups.In the subsequent group,the duration of work incapacity(22.54±9.11d)was significantly longer(P<0.001)than that of the combined group(12.44±6.48d).●CONCLUSION:PDR patients aged over 45y with mild cataract can also benefit from early lens extraction during PPV with gratifying effectiveness,safety and convenience,compared to sequential surgeries.展开更多
This article introduces the concept of load aggregation,which involves a comprehensive analysis of loads to acquire their external characteristics for the purpose of modeling and analyzing power systems.The online ide...This article introduces the concept of load aggregation,which involves a comprehensive analysis of loads to acquire their external characteristics for the purpose of modeling and analyzing power systems.The online identification method is a computer-involved approach for data collection,processing,and system identification,commonly used for adaptive control and prediction.This paper proposes a method for dynamically aggregating large-scale adjustable loads to support high proportions of new energy integration,aiming to study the aggregation characteristics of regional large-scale adjustable loads using online identification techniques and feature extraction methods.The experiment selected 300 central air conditioners as the research subject and analyzed their regulation characteristics,economic efficiency,and comfort.The experimental results show that as the adjustment time of the air conditioner increases from 5 minutes to 35 minutes,the stable adjustment quantity during the adjustment period decreases from 28.46 to 3.57,indicating that air conditioning loads can be controlled over a long period and have better adjustment effects in the short term.Overall,the experimental results of this paper demonstrate that analyzing the aggregation characteristics of regional large-scale adjustable loads using online identification techniques and feature extraction algorithms is effective.展开更多
Doxorubicin(DOX)is a widely employed tumor therapy,yet its substantial toxic side effects pose a considerable challenge.Bletilla striata has demonstrated efficacy in preventing and treating these toxic side effects in...Doxorubicin(DOX)is a widely employed tumor therapy,yet its substantial toxic side effects pose a considerable challenge.Bletilla striata has demonstrated efficacy in preventing and treating these toxic side effects in clinical practice,with polysaccharides identified as the principal active component.In the present study,16 fractions of B.striata polysaccharides(BsPs)were extracted using diverse methods,including hot-water extraction(HWE),ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE),enzyme-assisted extraction(EAE),dilute acid-water extraction(ACWE),and dilute alkali-water extraction(ALWE).These extractions were subsequently precipitated at final ethanol concentrations of 80%and 95%,respectively.The investigation encompassed yields,total carbohydrate content(TCC),total protein content(TPC),preliminary structural properties,and anti-DOX myocardial cytotoxic activity.Results indicated that the extraction method significantly influenced the physicochemical properties,associated functional properties,and anti-DOX myocardial cytotoxic activity of BsPs.HWE and UAE yielded higher BsPs quantities.The relative molecular weight(RMW)distribution of BsPs differed notably between HWE or UAE,EAE,ACWE,and ALWE.The RMW of primary BsPs obtained from HWE and UAE(1.9×10^(7)-1.7×10^(7) Da)exceeded that from EAE(7.5×10^(3)-2.8×10^(4) Da)and ALWE(5.1×10^(4)-1.7×10^(4) Da),with smaller molecular weights primarily precipitated by higher ethanol concentrations.BsPs were composed of Man and Glu,with partial fractions containing small amounts of Gal or Ara,displaying varying molar ratios.Notably,BsPs from ACWE exhibited the most significant structural differences,lacking 1,4-α-D-Glcp and a triple-helical structure.Furthermore,BsPs obtained from HWE,UAE,and EAE demonstrated heightened anti-DOX myocardial cytotoxic activity compared to other methods.This study underscored the influence of extraction methods on BsPs’structure and myocardial protective activity,offering a foundation for exploring structural diversity and employing specific extraction methods to extract polysaccharides with robust myocardial protective properties efficiently.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the efficacy of ultrasonic emulsification and small incision cataract extracapsular extraction in cataract patients.Methods:96 cataract patients admitted from May 2021 to May 2023 were selected an...Objective:To analyze the efficacy of ultrasonic emulsification and small incision cataract extracapsular extraction in cataract patients.Methods:96 cataract patients admitted from May 2021 to May 2023 were selected and randomly grouped into group A(ultrasonic emulsification)and group B(small-incision extracapsular cataract extraction),with 48 cases each.Results:At 1 week,1-month,and 3 months post-operation,the visual acuity of group A was higher and the astigmatism value was lower than that of group B(P<0.05);at 12h,24h,and 48h post-operation,the intraocular pressure of group A was higher than that of group B(P<0.05);the thickness of macular area of group A was lower than that of group B at 1 week and 1-month post-operation(P<0.05).Conclusion:Ultrasonic emulsification in cataract patients was slightly better than small incision cataract extracapsular extraction in correcting astigmatism,improving visual acuity,and regulating macular thickness.However,due to the high energy of ultrasonic emulsification,the risk of complications such as high postoperative intraocular pressure was higher.Small-incision extracapsular cataract extraction has better application value in economically disadvantaged areas.展开更多
Objective To explore the clinical significance of the combined application of palpebral margin cleaning and antibiotic eye drops in inhibiting bacterial growth in the palpebral margin and conjunctival sacs before cata...Objective To explore the clinical significance of the combined application of palpebral margin cleaning and antibiotic eye drops in inhibiting bacterial growth in the palpebral margin and conjunctival sacs before cataract extraction.Methods In this study,61 patients(97 eyes)with age-related cataract who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were selected,and randomly grouped.In the experimental group,the combined application of palpebral margin cleaning with cotton pads and levofloxacin eye drops was given for three days before the surgery.In the control group,levofloxacin eye drops alone were applied for three consecutive days.Bacteria samples from the conjunctival sac and eyelid margins were cultivated and identified before and three days after taking antimicrobial measures,respectively.Results In the experimental group,the positive rates of the two bacteria samples were 100%(50/50)and 40%(20/50)before and 10%(5/50)and 0%(0/50)after the treatment.In the control group,the positive rates of the two bacteria samples were 97.9%(46/47)and 29.8%(14/47)before and 40.4%(19/47)and 10.6%(5/47)after the treatment.The positive rates between the two groups were not significantly different before taking antimicrobial measures(P=0.485 and 0.395),while they were significantly different after taking antimicrobial measures(P=0.001 and 0.024).Conclusion Combined application of eyelid and palpebral margin cleaning with cotton pads and antibiotic eye drops before cataract extraction imparted excellent antibacterial effects.展开更多
Jujube is rich in nutrients and functional active ingredients. For example,jujube flavonoids have significant anti-oxidation,anticancer,antibacterial and anti-inflammatory functions. This paper elaborated the advances...Jujube is rich in nutrients and functional active ingredients. For example,jujube flavonoids have significant anti-oxidation,anticancer,antibacterial and anti-inflammatory functions. This paper elaborated the advances in the studies about the extraction methods,purification methods,antioxidant properties,stability and antibacterial effects of jujube flavonoids,in order to provide a certain reference for the study of jujube flavonoids.展开更多
Renewed interest in natural materials as food flavors and preservatives has led to the search for suitable essential oils. Moringa oleifera seed essential oil was extracted by solvent-free microwave and hydrodistillat...Renewed interest in natural materials as food flavors and preservatives has led to the search for suitable essential oils. Moringa oleifera seed essential oil was extracted by solvent-free microwave and hydrodistillation. This study assessed its chemical constituents. Cytotoxicity of the oils was investigated using hatchability and lethality tests on brine shrimps. A total of 16 and 26 compounds were isolated from the hydrodistillation extraction （HDE） and solvent-free microwave extraction （SME） oils, respectively, which accounted for 97.515% and 97.816% of total identifiable constituents, respectively. At 24 h when the most eggs had hatched, values of the SME （56.7%） and HDIE （60.0%） oils were significantly different （P〈0.05） from those of sea water （63.3%） and chloramphenicol （15.0%）. Larva lethality was different significantly （P〈0.05） between HDE and SME oils at different concentrations and incubation periods. The median lethal concentration （LC50） of the oils was 〉 1000 mg/ml recommended as an index for non-toxicity which gives the oil advantage over some antioxidant, antimicrobial, therapeutic, and preservative chemicals.展开更多
Montane volcanic ash soils contain disproportionate amounts of soil organic carbon and thereby play an often underestimated role in the global carbon cycle.Given the central role of Al and Fe in stabilizing organic ma...Montane volcanic ash soils contain disproportionate amounts of soil organic carbon and thereby play an often underestimated role in the global carbon cycle.Given the central role of Al and Fe in stabilizing organic matter in volcanic ash soils,we assessed various extraction methods of Al,Fe,and C fractions from montane volcanic ash soils in northern Ecuador,aiming at elucidating the role of Al and Fe in stabilizing soil organic matter(SOM).We found extractions with cold sodium hydroxide,ammonium oxalate/oxalic acid,sodium pyrophosphate,and sodium tetraborate to be particularly useful.Combination of these methods yielded information about the role of the mineral phase in stabilizing organic matter and the differences in type and degree of complexation of organic matter with Al and Fe in the various horizons and soil profiles.Sodium tetraborate extraction proved the only soft extraction method that yielded simultaneous information about the Al,Fe,and C fractions extracted.It also appeared to differentiate between SOM fractions of different stability.The fractions of copper chloride-and potassium chloride-extractable Al were useful in assessing the total reactive and toxic Al fractions,respectively.The classical subdivision of organic matter into humic acids,fulvic acids,and humin added little useful information.The use of fulvic acids as a proxy for mobile organic matter as done in several model-based approaches seems invalid in the soils studied.展开更多
文摘Web data extraction has become a key technology for extracting valuable data from websites.At present,most extraction methods based on rule learning,visual pattern or tree matching have limited performance on complex web pages.Through ana-lyzing various statistical characteristics of HTML el-ements in web documents,this paper proposes,based on statistical features,an unsupervised web data ex-traction method—traversing the HTML DOM parse tree at first,calculating and generating the statistical matrix of the elements,and then locating data records by clustering method and heuristic rules that reveal in-herent links between the visual characteristics of the data recording areas and the statistical characteristics of the HTML nodes—which is both suitable for data records extraction of single-page and multi-pages,and it has strong generality and needs no training.The ex-periments show that the accuracy and efficiency of this method are equally better than the current data extrac-tion method.
文摘Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly to substitute petroleum-based products.They are a definite class of sustainable materials of the forestry industry.They have been in operation for hundreds of years to manufacture leather and now for a growing number of applications in a variety of other industries,such as wood adhesives,metal coating,pharmaceutical/medical applications and several others.This review presents the main sources,either already or potentially commercial of this forestry by-materials,their industrial and laboratory extraction systems,their systems of analysis with their advantages and drawbacks,be these methods so simple to even appear primitive but nonetheless of proven effectiveness,or very modern and instrumental.It constitutes a basic but essential summary of what is necessary to know of these sustainable materials.In doing so,the review highlights some of the main challenges that remain to be addressed to deliver the quality and economics of tannin supply necessary to fulfill the industrial production requirements for some materials-based uses.
基金Supported by the High-level Talents Start-up Fund of Shihezi University(07002-500002061401)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study is to isolate Chlorella vulgaris(chlorella)and extract its genomic DNA.[Method] Both the dilution method and drip method were employed to isolate chlorella from lake water samples;the conditions for culturing chlorella were optimized and its genomic DNA was extracted by improved CTAB method and SDS method.[Result] The proper conditions for chlorella culture were as following:temperature 20-25 ℃,illumination 4.39-5.86 W/m2 and rotational speed 100-150r/min;improved CTAB method was suitable for extracting genomic DNA from chlorella.[Conclusion] The study is helpful to study the chlorella at molecular level and promote the exploitation and utilization of chlorella resources.
基金Supported by Key Technology R&D Program of Tianjin(10ZCKFNC00100)National Key Technology R&D Program(2007BAD42B03)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to find out a quick,simple,and low-cost method for the extraction of sorghum genomic DNA.[Method] Four plant genomic DNA extraction methods based on CTAB,including liquid nitrogen grinding method（method I）,buffer grinding method（method II）,drying grinding method（method III）and directly grinding method（method IV）,were used to extract the sorghum genomic DNA from leaves;further the quantity and quality of the yielded DNA were detected by gel electrophoresis,SSR-PCR and SRAP-PCR.[Result] These four methods performed no remarkable difference in DNA product.The method I and method II produced DNA with higher purity and better integrity,which,especially from method I,is effective for SRAP-PCR and SSR-PCR.While the DNA extracted via method III and method IV had less integrality and lower purity,and only effective in SSR-PCR.[Conclusion] Enough amount of sorghum genomic DNA to perform tens of PCR could be quickly extracted using all these four methods.The DNA obtained via method I and method II had a broader application spectrum（SRAP,RAPD,ISSR and SSR）than that via method III and method IV which is only proper for PCR targeting small DNA fragments（SSR）.
基金Supported by Schools Fund of Hainan University(hd09xm62 )Higher Education Research Foundation Program of Hainan Provin-cial Education Department (Hjkj2010-17)Technology Foundation Program of South China Tropical Agricultural University(Rnd0710)~~
文摘[Objective] The study was to explore the most effective and feasible method for sugarcane stalks RNA extraction.[Method] SDS extraction method,kit extraction method and GHCL extraction method were used to extract the sugarcane RNA in stalks,and the quality of the extracted RNA was compared.[Result] RNA extracted by kit extraction method had a high-yield,the bands were clear and RNA had a good integrity,there was no significant degradation of RNA,and the OD260 nm/OD280 nm value was closed to 2.0.[Conclusion] Kit extraction method was the effectively method to extract sugarcane RNA,and this study had provided a theoretical basis for the molecular biology study of sugarcane.
基金Supported by Applied Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(2010ZC089)the948Project of National Forestry Bureau(2008-4-11)+1 种基金Sharing Platform Project of Provincial and Ministerial Key Subject,Key Laboratory and School Laboratory of Provincial Colleges and Universities in Yunnan ProvinceScience and Technology Innovation Fund of Southwest Forestry University~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed at comparing the four extraction methods of genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch and determining the optimal extraction method for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch.[Method] Leavies of Clematis fasciculiflora Franch were used as materials for comparing the purity and concentration of extracted DNA and extracting time among the four extraction methods of genomic DNA including improved CTAB method Ⅰ,improved CTAB method Ⅱ,improved CTAB method Ⅲ and improved SDS method.[Result] The four extraction methods could all be successfully used for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch.The purity of genomic DNA was the highest using improved CTAB method Ⅰ,with the longest extracting time;while the concentration of genomic DNA was the maximum using the improved SDS method,with the shortest extracting time and relatively low purity;the extracting time of improved CTAB method Ⅲ was the shortest.[Conclusion] This study had established the optimal extraction method for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch and supported for the further research using molecular biological methods.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31301372)Key Project of Science and Technology Plan of Zhejiang Province(2011C12030)Innovation Training Project of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University(201301004)~~
文摘To rapidly obtain high-quality genomic DNA from Chenopodium quinoa Willd, the genomic DAN in different tissues （leaves, stems and roots） of Chenopodi- um quinoa Willd was extracted by modified CTAB method, SDS method and high- salt Iow-pH method, respectively. The quality and yield of extracted DNA was deter- mined using agarose gel electrophoresis and UV spectrophotometry. At the same time, the PCR-SSR and SSCP molecular detection was also performed. The results showed that the gel test strips, without obvious decomposition, of all the extraction methods were relatively obvious; the genomic DNA yield extracted by modified CTAB method was highest, followed by that by SDS method, and the genomic DNA extracted by high-salt Iow-pH method was lowest： the genomic DNA yields extracted by different methods from Chenopodium quinoa Wiltd leaves were all high- er than those from roots and stems; the quality of Chenopodium quinoa Willd ge- nomic DNA extracted by modified CTAB method and high-salt Iow-pH method was better, and polyphenols, polysaccharides and other impurities were removed more completely. The PCR-SSR and SSCP detection results showed that the genomic DNA extracted by different methods from different tissues of Chenopodium quinoa Willd all could be better amplified, and high-quality strips could be obtained. So the Chenopodium quinoa Willd genomic DNA extracted by the three methods all can be used for subsequent molecular biology research.
基金funding from Key Areas Science and Technology Research Plan of Xinjiang Production And Construction Corps Financial Science and Technology Plan Project under Grant Agreement No.2023AB048 for the project:Research and Application Demonstration of Data-driven Elderly Care System.
文摘In recent years,with the rapid development of deep learning technology,relational triplet extraction techniques have also achieved groundbreaking progress.Traditional pipeline models have certain limitations due to error propagation.To overcome the limitations of traditional pipeline models,recent research has focused on jointly modeling the two key subtasks-named entity recognition and relation extraction-within a unified framework.To support future research,this paper provides a comprehensive review of recently published studies in the field of relational triplet extraction.The review examines commonly used public datasets for relational triplet extraction techniques and systematically reviews current mainstream joint extraction methods,including joint decoding methods and parameter sharing methods,with joint decoding methods further divided into table filling,tagging,and sequence-to-sequence approaches.In addition,this paper also conducts small-scale replication experiments on models that have performed well in recent years for each method to verify the reproducibility of the code and to compare the performance of different models under uniform conditions.Each method has its own advantages in terms of model design,task handling,and application scenarios,but also faces challenges such as processing complex sentence structures,cross-sentence relation extraction,and adaptability in low-resource environments.Finally,this paper systematically summarizes each method and discusses the future development prospects of joint extraction of relational triples.
基金Supported by Huang Ruisong's National Famous Old Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio Construction Project[GuoZhongYiYaoRenJiaoHan(2022)75]Hospital Pharmacy Research Project of Guangxi Pharmaceutical Association(GXYXH-202404)+4 种基金2024 Youth Science Fund Project of International Zhuang Medical Hospital(2024GZYJKT005)High-level Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Discipline Construction Project of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYZDXK-2023165)National Old Pharmaceutical Workers Inheritance Studio Construction Project of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine[GuoZhongYiYaoRenJiaoHan(2024)255]Talent Cultivation Project-"Young Crop Project"of International Zhuang Medical Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(2022001)Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Multidisciplinary Innovation Team Project(GZKJ2309).
文摘[Objectives]To optimize the optimal extraction process of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture.[Methods]Taking water addition ratio,extraction time and extraction times as process investigation factors,psoralen content,astilbin content and dry extract yield as evaluation indicators,the main influencing factors and level range of the extraction process of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture were determined on the basis of single factor test method,and the optimal weight coefficient was screened by AHP-entropy method mixed with weighting method.Combined with L_(9)(3^(4))orthogonal experiment,the best extraction process was obtained.At the same time,thin-layer chromatographic identification was used to identify Ficus simplicissima Lour.and Smilax glabra Roxb.in the medicinal liquid.[Results]The best extraction process:add 1:12 water to the prescription decoction pieces,extract under reflux for 2 times,1.5 h per time,and combine the filtrate to 250 mL.Thin layer chromatography analysis showed that the spots of Ficus simplicissima Lour.and Smilax glabra Roxb.in the medicinal solution were the same as those of reference substances at the corresponding positions,and the negative control had no interference.[Conclusions]The experimental method is reasonable and feasible,and the process is reliable,which can provide experimental reference for the subsequent application of in-hospital preparations and research and development of Qingdu Jianpi Mixture.
文摘Unlike primary metabolites,secondary metabolites serve critical ecological functions,including plant protection,stress tolerance,and symbiosis.This review focuses on extracting,separating,and identifying the major classes of secondary metabolites,including alkaloids,terpenoids,phenolics,glycosides,saponins,and coumarins.It describes optimized methods regarding plant selection,extraction by solvents,and purification of the metabolites,highlighting the latest advancements in chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.The review also describes some of the most important problems,such as the instability of the compounds or diversity of the structures,and discusses emerging technologies that solve these issues.Moreover,it examines the secondary roles of these metabolites in medicine,such as anticancer and antimicrobial drugs,sustainable agriculture biopesticides,and environmental ecology-also known as allelopathy and bioindicators.It combines traditional ethnobotanical approaches with contem-porary science,demonstrating the vital need to protect biodiversity in key ecosystems such as tropical rainforests,mountain regions,coral reefs,and arid zones as a foundation for anticipatory bio-discoveries.It organizes the methodological frameworks and outlines the steps needed to enhance the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural sources.
基金Support from the Slovenian Research Agency through grant P2-0046 L2-3175 is gratefully acknowledgedthe funding within the project‘Upgrading National Research Infrastructures—RIUM’cofinanced by the Republic of Slovenia,the Ministry of Higher Education,Science and Innovation,and the European Union from the European Regional Development Fund.
文摘Sustainable extraction methods for natural extracts are crucial for mitigating environmental impact.Strategies that focus on waste reduction and resource efficiency contribute to long-term conservation.Hemp seeds,which were previously treated as waste product,are now valued for their nutrition and functional properties.This study investigated sustainable extraction methods for obtaining natural extracts from hemp seeds,with a focus on reducing environmental impact through efficient resource utilization and waste reduction.The extraction methods compared included supercritical fluid extraction(SFE),Soxhlet extraction(SOX),ultrasound-assisted extraction(UAE),cold maceration(CM),and cold pressing(CP).The contents of antioxidants,total phenols,and fatty acids in the extracts were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The extracts were subsequently formulated into organogels to evaluate the stability of the fatty acids.The results showed that SFE and CP were the most efficient and environmentally friendly methods,with SFE allowing complete separation of the solvent from the extract.CP was also found to be effective and environmentally friendly.The study confirmed that formulating extracts in organogels effectively inhibited fatty acid oxidation,although a reduction in fatty acid content was observed during gel production.Overall,the formulation of extracts in organogels increased their stability,especially in preventing fatty acid degradation.
基金Supported by National Program on Key Basic Research Project(2009CB119204)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to compare three RNA extraction methods and thus find out the suitable one for isolating intact and high quality total RNA from Pinus bungeana.[Method] Employing three extraction methods of Trizol,RNeasy Mini Kit,LiCl precipitation,total RNAs of P.bungeana were extracted from pine leaf samples,and their integrity and purity were detected via agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometry for a comparative study.[Result] Among the three extraction methods,LiCl precipitation method demonstrated higher yield and better integrity of total extracted RNA,with OD260/OD280 ratio between 1.8-2.0 and clear 28 S and 18 S bands in electrophoresis pattern.[Conclusion] LiCl precipitation method could be used to extract highly pure and intact total RNA from P.bungeana.
文摘●AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of early lens extraction during pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)compared to those of PPV with subsequent cataract surgery.●METHODS:This multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted in three Chinese hospitals on patients with PDR,aged>45y,with mild cataracts.The participants were randomly assigned to the combined(PPV combined with simultaneously cataract surgery,i.e.,phacovitrectomy)or subsequent(PPV with subsequent cataract surgery 6mo later)group and followed up for 12mo.The primary outcome was the change in best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)from baseline to 6mo,and the secondary outcomes included complication rates and medical expenses.●RESULTS:In total,129 patients with PDR were recruited and equally randomized(66 and 63 in the combined and subsequent groups respectively).The change in BCVA in the combined group[mean,36.90 letters;95%confidence interval(CI),30.35–43.45]was significantly better(adjusted difference,16.43;95%CI,8.77–24.08;P<0.001)than in the subsequent group(mean,22.40 letters;95%CI,15.55–29.24)6mo after the PPV,with no significant difference between the two groups at 12mo.The overall surgical risk of two sequential surgeries was significantly higher than that of the combined surgery for neovascular glaucoma(17.65%vs 3.77%,P=0.005).No significant differences were found in the photocoagulation spots,surgical time,and economic expenses between two groups.In the subsequent group,the duration of work incapacity(22.54±9.11d)was significantly longer(P<0.001)than that of the combined group(12.44±6.48d).●CONCLUSION:PDR patients aged over 45y with mild cataract can also benefit from early lens extraction during PPV with gratifying effectiveness,safety and convenience,compared to sequential surgeries.
基金supported by the State Grid Science&Technology Project(5100-202114296A-0-0-00).
文摘This article introduces the concept of load aggregation,which involves a comprehensive analysis of loads to acquire their external characteristics for the purpose of modeling and analyzing power systems.The online identification method is a computer-involved approach for data collection,processing,and system identification,commonly used for adaptive control and prediction.This paper proposes a method for dynamically aggregating large-scale adjustable loads to support high proportions of new energy integration,aiming to study the aggregation characteristics of regional large-scale adjustable loads using online identification techniques and feature extraction methods.The experiment selected 300 central air conditioners as the research subject and analyzed their regulation characteristics,economic efficiency,and comfort.The experimental results show that as the adjustment time of the air conditioner increases from 5 minutes to 35 minutes,the stable adjustment quantity during the adjustment period decreases from 28.46 to 3.57,indicating that air conditioning loads can be controlled over a long period and have better adjustment effects in the short term.Overall,the experimental results of this paper demonstrate that analyzing the aggregation characteristics of regional large-scale adjustable loads using online identification techniques and feature extraction algorithms is effective.
基金Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(Grant No.QKHJC-ZK[2023]YB524)Science and Technology Plan Project of Guizhou,China(Grant No.QKPTRC[2019]035)+2 种基金Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(Grant No.QKH[2019]1346)Science and Technology Department of Zunyi city of Guizhou province of China(Grant No.[2020]7)Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Zunyi Medical University(Grant No.S202310661248).
文摘Doxorubicin(DOX)is a widely employed tumor therapy,yet its substantial toxic side effects pose a considerable challenge.Bletilla striata has demonstrated efficacy in preventing and treating these toxic side effects in clinical practice,with polysaccharides identified as the principal active component.In the present study,16 fractions of B.striata polysaccharides(BsPs)were extracted using diverse methods,including hot-water extraction(HWE),ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE),enzyme-assisted extraction(EAE),dilute acid-water extraction(ACWE),and dilute alkali-water extraction(ALWE).These extractions were subsequently precipitated at final ethanol concentrations of 80%and 95%,respectively.The investigation encompassed yields,total carbohydrate content(TCC),total protein content(TPC),preliminary structural properties,and anti-DOX myocardial cytotoxic activity.Results indicated that the extraction method significantly influenced the physicochemical properties,associated functional properties,and anti-DOX myocardial cytotoxic activity of BsPs.HWE and UAE yielded higher BsPs quantities.The relative molecular weight(RMW)distribution of BsPs differed notably between HWE or UAE,EAE,ACWE,and ALWE.The RMW of primary BsPs obtained from HWE and UAE(1.9×10^(7)-1.7×10^(7) Da)exceeded that from EAE(7.5×10^(3)-2.8×10^(4) Da)and ALWE(5.1×10^(4)-1.7×10^(4) Da),with smaller molecular weights primarily precipitated by higher ethanol concentrations.BsPs were composed of Man and Glu,with partial fractions containing small amounts of Gal or Ara,displaying varying molar ratios.Notably,BsPs from ACWE exhibited the most significant structural differences,lacking 1,4-α-D-Glcp and a triple-helical structure.Furthermore,BsPs obtained from HWE,UAE,and EAE demonstrated heightened anti-DOX myocardial cytotoxic activity compared to other methods.This study underscored the influence of extraction methods on BsPs’structure and myocardial protective activity,offering a foundation for exploring structural diversity and employing specific extraction methods to extract polysaccharides with robust myocardial protective properties efficiently.
文摘Objective:To analyze the efficacy of ultrasonic emulsification and small incision cataract extracapsular extraction in cataract patients.Methods:96 cataract patients admitted from May 2021 to May 2023 were selected and randomly grouped into group A(ultrasonic emulsification)and group B(small-incision extracapsular cataract extraction),with 48 cases each.Results:At 1 week,1-month,and 3 months post-operation,the visual acuity of group A was higher and the astigmatism value was lower than that of group B(P<0.05);at 12h,24h,and 48h post-operation,the intraocular pressure of group A was higher than that of group B(P<0.05);the thickness of macular area of group A was lower than that of group B at 1 week and 1-month post-operation(P<0.05).Conclusion:Ultrasonic emulsification in cataract patients was slightly better than small incision cataract extracapsular extraction in correcting astigmatism,improving visual acuity,and regulating macular thickness.However,due to the high energy of ultrasonic emulsification,the risk of complications such as high postoperative intraocular pressure was higher.Small-incision extracapsular cataract extraction has better application value in economically disadvantaged areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81970768).
文摘Objective To explore the clinical significance of the combined application of palpebral margin cleaning and antibiotic eye drops in inhibiting bacterial growth in the palpebral margin and conjunctival sacs before cataract extraction.Methods In this study,61 patients(97 eyes)with age-related cataract who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were selected,and randomly grouped.In the experimental group,the combined application of palpebral margin cleaning with cotton pads and levofloxacin eye drops was given for three days before the surgery.In the control group,levofloxacin eye drops alone were applied for three consecutive days.Bacteria samples from the conjunctival sac and eyelid margins were cultivated and identified before and three days after taking antimicrobial measures,respectively.Results In the experimental group,the positive rates of the two bacteria samples were 100%(50/50)and 40%(20/50)before and 10%(5/50)and 0%(0/50)after the treatment.In the control group,the positive rates of the two bacteria samples were 97.9%(46/47)and 29.8%(14/47)before and 40.4%(19/47)and 10.6%(5/47)after the treatment.The positive rates between the two groups were not significantly different before taking antimicrobial measures(P=0.485 and 0.395),while they were significantly different after taking antimicrobial measures(P=0.001 and 0.024).Conclusion Combined application of eyelid and palpebral margin cleaning with cotton pads and antibiotic eye drops before cataract extraction imparted excellent antibacterial effects.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Cangzhou City,Hebei Province(162204001)
文摘Jujube is rich in nutrients and functional active ingredients. For example,jujube flavonoids have significant anti-oxidation,anticancer,antibacterial and anti-inflammatory functions. This paper elaborated the advances in the studies about the extraction methods,purification methods,antioxidant properties,stability and antibacterial effects of jujube flavonoids,in order to provide a certain reference for the study of jujube flavonoids.
文摘Renewed interest in natural materials as food flavors and preservatives has led to the search for suitable essential oils. Moringa oleifera seed essential oil was extracted by solvent-free microwave and hydrodistillation. This study assessed its chemical constituents. Cytotoxicity of the oils was investigated using hatchability and lethality tests on brine shrimps. A total of 16 and 26 compounds were isolated from the hydrodistillation extraction （HDE） and solvent-free microwave extraction （SME） oils, respectively, which accounted for 97.515% and 97.816% of total identifiable constituents, respectively. At 24 h when the most eggs had hatched, values of the SME （56.7%） and HDIE （60.0%） oils were significantly different （P〈0.05） from those of sea water （63.3%） and chloramphenicol （15.0%）. Larva lethality was different significantly （P〈0.05） between HDE and SME oils at different concentrations and incubation periods. The median lethal concentration （LC50） of the oils was 〉 1000 mg/ml recommended as an index for non-toxicity which gives the oil advantage over some antioxidant, antimicrobial, therapeutic, and preservative chemicals.
基金Supported by the Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research (NWO-WOTRO) (Nos.WAN 75-405and WAN 75-406)
文摘Montane volcanic ash soils contain disproportionate amounts of soil organic carbon and thereby play an often underestimated role in the global carbon cycle.Given the central role of Al and Fe in stabilizing organic matter in volcanic ash soils,we assessed various extraction methods of Al,Fe,and C fractions from montane volcanic ash soils in northern Ecuador,aiming at elucidating the role of Al and Fe in stabilizing soil organic matter(SOM).We found extractions with cold sodium hydroxide,ammonium oxalate/oxalic acid,sodium pyrophosphate,and sodium tetraborate to be particularly useful.Combination of these methods yielded information about the role of the mineral phase in stabilizing organic matter and the differences in type and degree of complexation of organic matter with Al and Fe in the various horizons and soil profiles.Sodium tetraborate extraction proved the only soft extraction method that yielded simultaneous information about the Al,Fe,and C fractions extracted.It also appeared to differentiate between SOM fractions of different stability.The fractions of copper chloride-and potassium chloride-extractable Al were useful in assessing the total reactive and toxic Al fractions,respectively.The classical subdivision of organic matter into humic acids,fulvic acids,and humin added little useful information.The use of fulvic acids as a proxy for mobile organic matter as done in several model-based approaches seems invalid in the soils studied.
