Objective:To evaluate the effects of Catalpa bignonioides fruit extract on the promotion of muscle growth and muscular capacity in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Cell viability was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol...Objective:To evaluate the effects of Catalpa bignonioides fruit extract on the promotion of muscle growth and muscular capacity in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Cell viability was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Cell proliferation was assessed using a 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine(BrdU)assay kit.Western blot analysis was performed to determine the protein expressions of related factors.The effects of Catalpa bignonioides extract were investigated in mice using the treadmill exhaustion test and whole-limb grip strength assay.Chemical composition analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results:Catalpa bignonioides extract increased the proliferation of C2C12 mouse myoblasts by activating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.It also induced metabolic changes,increasing the number of mitochondria and glucose metabolism by phosphorylating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase.In an in vivo study,the extract-treated mice showed improved motor abilities,such as muscular endurance and grip strength.Additionally,HPLC analysis showed that vanillic acid may be the main component of the Catalpa bignonioides extract that enhanced muscle strength.Conclusions:Catalpa bignonioides improves exercise performance through regulation of growth and metabolism in skeletal muscles,suggesting its potential as an effective natural agent for improving muscular strength.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress on osmotic regulation substances of Catalpa bungei clones. [Method] Potting experimental was carried out with plastic film sealing method, to d...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress on osmotic regulation substances of Catalpa bungei clones. [Method] Potting experimental was carried out with plastic film sealing method, to differentiate the degrees of drought stress based on changes in soil water content and leaf water potential and investigate variations in contents of osmotic regulation substances（free proline,soluble sugar and soluble protein） in leaves of five Catalpa bungei clones under different degrees of drought stresses. [Result] According to changes in soil water content and leaf water potential, the whole process of drought stress was divided into normal level（CK, with soil water content of 97.49% and leaf water potential of-0.54MPa）, light drought（LD with soil water content of 59.96% and leaf water potential of-1.28 MPa）, mediate drought（MD with soil water content of 34.19% and leaf water potential of-2.32 MPa） and severe drought（SD with soil water content of 14.52%and leaf water potential of-2.99 MPa）. The soil water content and leaf water potential of five Catalpa bungei clones reached the highest correlation in exponential fitting, with an average R2of 0.989 3（P0.001）. The free proline content in leaves of five Catalpa bungei clones increased rapidly with the increasing degree of drought stress（P 0.001）. To be specific, free proline contents of Catalpa bungei clones015-1 and 7080 were 34.39 and 33.41 times of the normal level under severe drought conditions, which reached an extremely significant level（P0.001）; the free proline content of Catalpa bungei clone 1-3 rapidly increased to（855.46±227.52） μg/g Fw under light drought conditions. The soluble protein content in leaves showed different variation trends. To be specific, the soluble protein content of Catalpa bungei clone 7080 was the lowest at various drought stages and reached（1.644 ±0.137）mg/g Fw under normal conditions; the soluble protein content of Catalpa bungei clone 1-3 was relatively high under normal conditions and was reduced rapidly under light drought conditions, showing different response patterns. [Conclusion] Osmotic regulation substances in leaves of five Catalpa bungei clones all have certain response to drought stress. Free proline is the most important osmotic regulation substance, followed by soluble protein, while soluble sugar makes no significant contribution. According to changes in content of osmotic regulation substances, Catalpa bungei clone 7080 has relatively high capacity and good drought resistance, while Catalpa bungei clone 1-3 has the rapidest response to drought stress.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to provide scientific basis for the early selec-tion and breeding of excellent Catalpa bungei clones. [Method] The Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system was used to analyze the photosynth...[Objective] This study aimed to provide scientific basis for the early selec-tion and breeding of excellent Catalpa bungei clones. [Method] The Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system was used to analyze the photosynthetic characteristics of five Catalpa bungei clones （1-3, 1-4, 004-1, 015-1 and 7080）. [Result] Al five Catalpa bungei clones had similar change trends of light response curves, but their maxi-mum net photosynthetic rates （Pmax） were in the order of 1-3＆gt;7080＆gt;015-1＆gt;004-1＆gt;1-4, showing that clone 1-3 and clone 7080 had strong light environmental adapt-ability with the light saturation points （LSP） of 1 147.97 μmol/m2＆#183;s and 1 196.31μmol/m2＆#183;s, respectively, while clone 1-4 had the narrowest range of adaptation to light. There were differences in the total photosynthetic amount per area among the five clones that clone 1-4 was the best of 433 974.24 μmol/m2, fol owed by clone 1-3 of 401 290.20 μmol/m2. The transpiration rates （Tr） and stomatal conductances （Cond） of the five clones presented the same change trend. And the diurnal varia-tion curves of net photosynthetic rate （Pn） of clone 1-3, 1-4 and 015-1 showed two typical peaks with obvious midday depression, while clone 004-1 and 7080 didn’t. [Concluson] Considering a variety of photosynthetic characteristics of indica-tors, photosynthetic capacity of clone 1-3 was the best among the five Catalpa bungei clones.展开更多
Catalpa fargesii is an important economic tree species used for furniture and timber production because of its high density and hardness.Its survival and growth are severely aff ected and primarily limited by drought ...Catalpa fargesii is an important economic tree species used for furniture and timber production because of its high density and hardness.Its survival and growth are severely aff ected and primarily limited by drought stress.Thus,to better understand the mechanism of drought resistance in C.fargesii,we used qRT-PCR to reveal signifi cantly diff erent expression of three plasma membrane intrinsic protein genes:CfPIP1-1,CfPIP1-2 and CfPIP1-4.We then cloned their full-length cDNA sequences and characterized the encoded proteins.We analyzed the genes phylogenetically and predicted conserved motifs,domains,and secondary and tertiary structures.To verify the function ofthe CfPIP1 genes further,we ectopically expressed CfPIP1 transgenes in Arabidopsis thaliana.The results showed that CfPIP1-1,CfPIP1-2 and CfPIP1-4 had several characteristics of aquaporins.The transgenic plants grew better than the WT plants did under drought stress,and overexpression of the CfPIP1 genes increased the plant water content and resistance to drought.Thus,CfPIP1-1,CfPIP1-2 and CfPIP1-4 of C.fargesii play key roles in regulating the intracellular and extracellular water balance and in mediating the plant response to drought.展开更多
Coumarate 3-hydroxylase(C3h)genes participate in the synthesis of lignin and may affect the properties of wood that are important for its commercial value.A better understanding of the natural variation in C3h genes a...Coumarate 3-hydroxylase(C3h)genes participate in the synthesis of lignin and may affect the properties of wood that are important for its commercial value.A better understanding of the natural variation in C3h genes and their associations to wood properties is required to effectively improve wood quality.We used a candidate gene-based association mapping approach to identify CfC3h allelic variants associated with traits that affect the wood properties of Catalpa fargesii.We first isolated the full-length CfC3h cDNA(1825 bp),which was expressed at relatively high levels in xylem according to real time-polymerase chain reaction.In totally,17 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms(minor allele frequency>5%)were identified through cloning and sequencing the CfC3h locus from a mapping population(including 88 unrelated natural C.fargesii individuals collected from main distribution area).Nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium(LD)in CfC3h indicate that CfC3h has low nucleotide diversity(π_(t)=0.0031 andθ_(w)=0.0103)and relatively low LD(within 1800 bp;r^(2)≥0.1).An association analysis identified eight common single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)(false discovery rate,Q<0.10)and ten haplotypes(Q<0.10)associated with wood properties,explaining 4.92-12.09%of the phenotypic variance in an association population consisted of 125 unrelated natural individuals(The 88 individuals from the mapping population were comprised in the association population).Our study would provide new insight into C3h gene affecting wood quality,and the SNP markers identified would have potential applications in marker-assisted breeding in the future.展开更多
Lysine acetylation,a reversible and dynamic post-translational modification,plays pivotal roles in regulating many biological processes in plants.However,the information of lysine acetylation during flower development...Lysine acetylation,a reversible and dynamic post-translational modification,plays pivotal roles in regulating many biological processes in plants.However,the information of lysine acetylation during flower development of woody angiosperm remains unclear.Herein,we identified a total of 667 lysine acetylation sites in 467 proteins in flower buds of Catalpa Bungei.The acetylated proteins were mainly involved in the pathways of carbon metabolism,glycometabolism and oxidative phosphorylation.Using functional enrichment analysis,61 and 13 acetylated proteins were involved in the glycometabolism and oxidative phosphorylation pathways,respectively.This suggests that lysine acetylated proteins play critical roles in the energy metabolism pathways.Accordingly,the protein–protein interactions were also highly enriched in the carbon metabolic pathway.Integrative analysis of lysine acetylome and transcriptome showed that transcript level changes of seven key lysine-acetylated proteins/genes involved in energy metabolism were significant different during floral transition.Importantly,compared with the normal flowering variety,the expression levels of phosphoribulokinase,phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase,ATP synthase and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex genes were significantly up-regulated at the stages of vegetative and transition buds during early flowering of C.bungei.These data represent the first lysine acetylome in the C.bungei flowers,and can serve as an essential basis for exploring the function of lysine acetylated proteins in the flower bud development of plants.展开更多
基金supported by Korea Environment Industry&Technology Institute through Project to make multi-ministerial national biological research resources more advanced Project,funded by Korea Ministry of Environment(grant number RS-2023-00230403).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effects of Catalpa bignonioides fruit extract on the promotion of muscle growth and muscular capacity in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Cell viability was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Cell proliferation was assessed using a 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine(BrdU)assay kit.Western blot analysis was performed to determine the protein expressions of related factors.The effects of Catalpa bignonioides extract were investigated in mice using the treadmill exhaustion test and whole-limb grip strength assay.Chemical composition analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results:Catalpa bignonioides extract increased the proliferation of C2C12 mouse myoblasts by activating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.It also induced metabolic changes,increasing the number of mitochondria and glucose metabolism by phosphorylating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase.In an in vivo study,the extract-treated mice showed improved motor abilities,such as muscular endurance and grip strength.Additionally,HPLC analysis showed that vanillic acid may be the main component of the Catalpa bignonioides extract that enhanced muscle strength.Conclusions:Catalpa bignonioides improves exercise performance through regulation of growth and metabolism in skeletal muscles,suggesting its potential as an effective natural agent for improving muscular strength.
基金Supported by National Scientific and Technological Project in Rural Areas in the "Twelfth Five Year" Plan(2012BAD21B03,2012BAD21B0304)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress on osmotic regulation substances of Catalpa bungei clones. [Method] Potting experimental was carried out with plastic film sealing method, to differentiate the degrees of drought stress based on changes in soil water content and leaf water potential and investigate variations in contents of osmotic regulation substances（free proline,soluble sugar and soluble protein） in leaves of five Catalpa bungei clones under different degrees of drought stresses. [Result] According to changes in soil water content and leaf water potential, the whole process of drought stress was divided into normal level（CK, with soil water content of 97.49% and leaf water potential of-0.54MPa）, light drought（LD with soil water content of 59.96% and leaf water potential of-1.28 MPa）, mediate drought（MD with soil water content of 34.19% and leaf water potential of-2.32 MPa） and severe drought（SD with soil water content of 14.52%and leaf water potential of-2.99 MPa）. The soil water content and leaf water potential of five Catalpa bungei clones reached the highest correlation in exponential fitting, with an average R2of 0.989 3（P0.001）. The free proline content in leaves of five Catalpa bungei clones increased rapidly with the increasing degree of drought stress（P 0.001）. To be specific, free proline contents of Catalpa bungei clones015-1 and 7080 were 34.39 and 33.41 times of the normal level under severe drought conditions, which reached an extremely significant level（P0.001）; the free proline content of Catalpa bungei clone 1-3 rapidly increased to（855.46±227.52） μg/g Fw under light drought conditions. The soluble protein content in leaves showed different variation trends. To be specific, the soluble protein content of Catalpa bungei clone 7080 was the lowest at various drought stages and reached（1.644 ±0.137）mg/g Fw under normal conditions; the soluble protein content of Catalpa bungei clone 1-3 was relatively high under normal conditions and was reduced rapidly under light drought conditions, showing different response patterns. [Conclusion] Osmotic regulation substances in leaves of five Catalpa bungei clones all have certain response to drought stress. Free proline is the most important osmotic regulation substance, followed by soluble protein, while soluble sugar makes no significant contribution. According to changes in content of osmotic regulation substances, Catalpa bungei clone 7080 has relatively high capacity and good drought resistance, while Catalpa bungei clone 1-3 has the rapidest response to drought stress.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program(2012BAD21B03)Specialized Research Fund for The Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20124404120008)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to provide scientific basis for the early selec-tion and breeding of excellent Catalpa bungei clones. [Method] The Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system was used to analyze the photosynthetic characteristics of five Catalpa bungei clones （1-3, 1-4, 004-1, 015-1 and 7080）. [Result] Al five Catalpa bungei clones had similar change trends of light response curves, but their maxi-mum net photosynthetic rates （Pmax） were in the order of 1-3＆gt;7080＆gt;015-1＆gt;004-1＆gt;1-4, showing that clone 1-3 and clone 7080 had strong light environmental adapt-ability with the light saturation points （LSP） of 1 147.97 μmol/m2＆#183;s and 1 196.31μmol/m2＆#183;s, respectively, while clone 1-4 had the narrowest range of adaptation to light. There were differences in the total photosynthetic amount per area among the five clones that clone 1-4 was the best of 433 974.24 μmol/m2, fol owed by clone 1-3 of 401 290.20 μmol/m2. The transpiration rates （Tr） and stomatal conductances （Cond） of the five clones presented the same change trend. And the diurnal varia-tion curves of net photosynthetic rate （Pn） of clone 1-3, 1-4 and 015-1 showed two typical peaks with obvious midday depression, while clone 004-1 and 7080 didn’t. [Concluson] Considering a variety of photosynthetic characteristics of indica-tors, photosynthetic capacity of clone 1-3 was the best among the five Catalpa bungei clones.
基金Fundamental Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Forestry(CAFYBB2014QA004).
文摘Catalpa fargesii is an important economic tree species used for furniture and timber production because of its high density and hardness.Its survival and growth are severely aff ected and primarily limited by drought stress.Thus,to better understand the mechanism of drought resistance in C.fargesii,we used qRT-PCR to reveal signifi cantly diff erent expression of three plasma membrane intrinsic protein genes:CfPIP1-1,CfPIP1-2 and CfPIP1-4.We then cloned their full-length cDNA sequences and characterized the encoded proteins.We analyzed the genes phylogenetically and predicted conserved motifs,domains,and secondary and tertiary structures.To verify the function ofthe CfPIP1 genes further,we ectopically expressed CfPIP1 transgenes in Arabidopsis thaliana.The results showed that CfPIP1-1,CfPIP1-2 and CfPIP1-4 had several characteristics of aquaporins.The transgenic plants grew better than the WT plants did under drought stress,and overexpression of the CfPIP1 genes increased the plant water content and resistance to drought.Thus,CfPIP1-1,CfPIP1-2 and CfPIP1-4 of C.fargesii play key roles in regulating the intracellular and extracellular water balance and in mediating the plant response to drought.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[No.2017YFD0600201]Forestry Industry Research Special Funds for Public Welfare Projects[No.201404101].
文摘Coumarate 3-hydroxylase(C3h)genes participate in the synthesis of lignin and may affect the properties of wood that are important for its commercial value.A better understanding of the natural variation in C3h genes and their associations to wood properties is required to effectively improve wood quality.We used a candidate gene-based association mapping approach to identify CfC3h allelic variants associated with traits that affect the wood properties of Catalpa fargesii.We first isolated the full-length CfC3h cDNA(1825 bp),which was expressed at relatively high levels in xylem according to real time-polymerase chain reaction.In totally,17 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms(minor allele frequency>5%)were identified through cloning and sequencing the CfC3h locus from a mapping population(including 88 unrelated natural C.fargesii individuals collected from main distribution area).Nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium(LD)in CfC3h indicate that CfC3h has low nucleotide diversity(π_(t)=0.0031 andθ_(w)=0.0103)and relatively low LD(within 1800 bp;r^(2)≥0.1).An association analysis identified eight common single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)(false discovery rate,Q<0.10)and ten haplotypes(Q<0.10)associated with wood properties,explaining 4.92-12.09%of the phenotypic variance in an association population consisted of 125 unrelated natural individuals(The 88 individuals from the mapping population were comprised in the association population).Our study would provide new insight into C3h gene affecting wood quality,and the SNP markers identified would have potential applications in marker-assisted breeding in the future.
基金This work was financially supported by the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding(Chinese Academy of Forestry)(No.TGB2019005)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2020B058).The funders had no role in study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘Lysine acetylation,a reversible and dynamic post-translational modification,plays pivotal roles in regulating many biological processes in plants.However,the information of lysine acetylation during flower development of woody angiosperm remains unclear.Herein,we identified a total of 667 lysine acetylation sites in 467 proteins in flower buds of Catalpa Bungei.The acetylated proteins were mainly involved in the pathways of carbon metabolism,glycometabolism and oxidative phosphorylation.Using functional enrichment analysis,61 and 13 acetylated proteins were involved in the glycometabolism and oxidative phosphorylation pathways,respectively.This suggests that lysine acetylated proteins play critical roles in the energy metabolism pathways.Accordingly,the protein–protein interactions were also highly enriched in the carbon metabolic pathway.Integrative analysis of lysine acetylome and transcriptome showed that transcript level changes of seven key lysine-acetylated proteins/genes involved in energy metabolism were significant different during floral transition.Importantly,compared with the normal flowering variety,the expression levels of phosphoribulokinase,phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase,ATP synthase and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex genes were significantly up-regulated at the stages of vegetative and transition buds during early flowering of C.bungei.These data represent the first lysine acetylome in the C.bungei flowers,and can serve as an essential basis for exploring the function of lysine acetylated proteins in the flower bud development of plants.
