The aims of this study were threefold:1)study the research gap in carpark and price index via big data and natural language processing,2)examine the research gap of carpark indices,and 3)construct carpark price indice...The aims of this study were threefold:1)study the research gap in carpark and price index via big data and natural language processing,2)examine the research gap of carpark indices,and 3)construct carpark price indices via repeat sales methods and predict carpark indices via the AutoML.By researching the keyword“carpark”in Google Scholar,the largest electronic academic database that coversWeb of Science and Scopus indexed articles,this study obtained 999 articles and book chapters from 1910 to 2019.It confirmed that most carpark research threw light on multi-storey carparks,management and ventilation systems,and reinforced concrete carparks.The most common research method was case studies.Regarding price index research,many previous studies focused on consumer,stock,press and futures,with many keywords being related to finance and economics.These indicated that there is no research predicting carpark price indices based on an AutoML approach.This study constructed repeat sales indices for 18 districts in Hong Kong by using 34,562 carpark transaction records from December 2009 to June 2019.Wanchai’s carpark price was about four times that of Yuen Long’s carpark price,indicating the considerable carpark price differences inHong Kong.This research evidenced the features that affected the carpark price indices models most:gold price ranked the first in all 19 models;oil price or Link stock price ranked second depending on the district,and carpark affordability ranked third.展开更多
Air quality is a critical factor in maintaining health and well-being, influencing both current conditions and future outcomes. Hospitals are one of the sensitive areas of our society, for they are built as sanctuarie...Air quality is a critical factor in maintaining health and well-being, influencing both current conditions and future outcomes. Hospitals are one of the sensitive areas of our society, for they are built as sanctuaries for treatment and recovery, making the quality of paramount importance. This study investigates the impact of traffic-related emissions on indoor air quality within a Level 5 Hospital outpatient ward. Measurements were taken over five consecutive days, revealing that while CO2 levels generally remained within safe limits, there were instances where concentrations exceeded 3000 ppm, categorizing them as “Hazardous.” Notably, particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) levels fluctuated significantly, with peak concentrations observed during working hours correlating with increased vehicle activity. The data indicated that PM2.5 levels reached as high as 75 µg/m3, with 91.68% of recorded values exceeding the World Health Organization’s (WHO) and Environmental Protection Agency 24-hour mean threshold of 25 µg/m3. Similarly, PM10 concentrations peaked at 120 µg/m3, with 61.19% of values surpassing the WHO threshold of 50 µg/m3, both of which pose serious health risks, particularly to vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, infants, and the elderly. Additionally, the study highlighted the critical role of wind direction in pollutant dispersion, with specific patterns contributing to elevated indoor concentrations. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions and proactive air quality management strategies in healthcare facilities, including the strategic design of hospital wards away from primary emission sources and the promotion of electric vehicle use to mitigate traffic-related emissions.展开更多
地下车库拥有容量大、基本不占用城市土地、地下空间易与人防设施结合的优越性,已成为地产开发项目中不可或缺的配套设施。地下车库同时也具有造价高、工期长的明显缺点。以北京市为例,根据经验,地下车库建安成本所占比例可达13%~18%,...地下车库拥有容量大、基本不占用城市土地、地下空间易与人防设施结合的优越性,已成为地产开发项目中不可或缺的配套设施。地下车库同时也具有造价高、工期长的明显缺点。以北京市为例,根据经验,地下车库建安成本所占比例可达13%~18%,因此在满足功能需求的前提下,尽可能减少不必要的投入和浪费,对于地产开发项目的成本控制具有很重要的现实意义。近年来,随着BIM(Building Information Modeling,建筑信息模型)在工程建设领域内的普及,BIM技术以其可视化、协调性、模拟性、优化性等突出特点以及在设计阶段成本控制上的显著优势,在地产开发项目尤其是地下车库机电安装工程中得到大量应用。针对地下车库的不同结构形式和停车形式,利用BIM技术对机电管线进行综合优化,在保证机电管线便于安装和检修的前提下,减少机电管线对车库整体净高的侵占,从而降低地下车库整体层高,达到降低地下车库整体建安成本的目的,是当前阶段地下车库项目中BIM技术应用的重点。展开更多
文摘The aims of this study were threefold:1)study the research gap in carpark and price index via big data and natural language processing,2)examine the research gap of carpark indices,and 3)construct carpark price indices via repeat sales methods and predict carpark indices via the AutoML.By researching the keyword“carpark”in Google Scholar,the largest electronic academic database that coversWeb of Science and Scopus indexed articles,this study obtained 999 articles and book chapters from 1910 to 2019.It confirmed that most carpark research threw light on multi-storey carparks,management and ventilation systems,and reinforced concrete carparks.The most common research method was case studies.Regarding price index research,many previous studies focused on consumer,stock,press and futures,with many keywords being related to finance and economics.These indicated that there is no research predicting carpark price indices based on an AutoML approach.This study constructed repeat sales indices for 18 districts in Hong Kong by using 34,562 carpark transaction records from December 2009 to June 2019.Wanchai’s carpark price was about four times that of Yuen Long’s carpark price,indicating the considerable carpark price differences inHong Kong.This research evidenced the features that affected the carpark price indices models most:gold price ranked the first in all 19 models;oil price or Link stock price ranked second depending on the district,and carpark affordability ranked third.
文摘Air quality is a critical factor in maintaining health and well-being, influencing both current conditions and future outcomes. Hospitals are one of the sensitive areas of our society, for they are built as sanctuaries for treatment and recovery, making the quality of paramount importance. This study investigates the impact of traffic-related emissions on indoor air quality within a Level 5 Hospital outpatient ward. Measurements were taken over five consecutive days, revealing that while CO2 levels generally remained within safe limits, there were instances where concentrations exceeded 3000 ppm, categorizing them as “Hazardous.” Notably, particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) levels fluctuated significantly, with peak concentrations observed during working hours correlating with increased vehicle activity. The data indicated that PM2.5 levels reached as high as 75 µg/m3, with 91.68% of recorded values exceeding the World Health Organization’s (WHO) and Environmental Protection Agency 24-hour mean threshold of 25 µg/m3. Similarly, PM10 concentrations peaked at 120 µg/m3, with 61.19% of values surpassing the WHO threshold of 50 µg/m3, both of which pose serious health risks, particularly to vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, infants, and the elderly. Additionally, the study highlighted the critical role of wind direction in pollutant dispersion, with specific patterns contributing to elevated indoor concentrations. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions and proactive air quality management strategies in healthcare facilities, including the strategic design of hospital wards away from primary emission sources and the promotion of electric vehicle use to mitigate traffic-related emissions.
文摘地下车库拥有容量大、基本不占用城市土地、地下空间易与人防设施结合的优越性,已成为地产开发项目中不可或缺的配套设施。地下车库同时也具有造价高、工期长的明显缺点。以北京市为例,根据经验,地下车库建安成本所占比例可达13%~18%,因此在满足功能需求的前提下,尽可能减少不必要的投入和浪费,对于地产开发项目的成本控制具有很重要的现实意义。近年来,随着BIM(Building Information Modeling,建筑信息模型)在工程建设领域内的普及,BIM技术以其可视化、协调性、模拟性、优化性等突出特点以及在设计阶段成本控制上的显著优势,在地产开发项目尤其是地下车库机电安装工程中得到大量应用。针对地下车库的不同结构形式和停车形式,利用BIM技术对机电管线进行综合优化,在保证机电管线便于安装和检修的前提下,减少机电管线对车库整体净高的侵占,从而降低地下车库整体层高,达到降低地下车库整体建安成本的目的,是当前阶段地下车库项目中BIM技术应用的重点。
