One of the difficulties in the implementation of agroenergy’s cropping is the growing area competition with subsistence crops. Few studies have been conducted to show the efficiency of intercropping between plants of...One of the difficulties in the implementation of agroenergy’s cropping is the growing area competition with subsistence crops. Few studies have been conducted to show the efficiency of intercropping between plants of energy’s potential with cultures of economic sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intercropping sunflower cultivars with corn and beans, in the initial growth under localized irrigation. The experiment was conducted at the end of the year 2012, in an area of 950 m2, located in the Campus II-UEPB, Lagoa Seca, Paraíba. The irrigation system was managed based on the Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo), calculated by the Penmann-Monteith Method with data obtained locally. The experimental design was a randomized blocks factorial (2 × 4) × 3, with treatments combining two varieties of sunflower in four plantation systems: single or isolated, intercropped with maize, with bean and with caupi. Each plot consisted of four rows of sunflowers in spacing 0.3 × 0.7 m and length of 5 m, interspersed with rows of beans or corn, except in the isolated system. The central rows of sunflowers were used to measure the following growth characteristics: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and leaf área. Data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and the means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The diversification of sunflower varieties promoted differences in initial growth, regardless of the cropping system. There was significant effect at 15 DAS, where the sunflower variety “Advanta CF101” had higher plants than the variety “Hélio 253” at 40 DAS;the variety “Hélio 253” had a stem diameter greater than the “Advanta CF101”.展开更多
Oleogels show promise in the food industry as potential substitutes for saturated fats,providing a medium for incorporating bioactive compounds.Starch modified with octenyl succinic anhydride(OSA)can serve as a struct...Oleogels show promise in the food industry as potential substitutes for saturated fats,providing a medium for incorporating bioactive compounds.Starch modified with octenyl succinic anhydride(OSA)can serve as a structuring agent for vegetable oils due to its amphiphilic nature.This study aimed to develop oleogels based on native starch(NS)or modified starch(MS)bean,sunflower oil,beeswax,and curcumin.The oleogels were evaluated for gel hardness,oil holding capacity,structural stability,weight loss,X-ray diffraction,peroxide value,and antioxidant activity during 30 days of storage.The modification reduced the amylose content by 36%,viscosity by 32%,breakdown by 78%,and retrogradation by 54%of the starch.The oleogels exhibited structural stability and oil binding capacity above 96%during 30 days.Oleogels with NS and 0.5%curcumin were 20%softer than those without curcumin.Over 30 days,the hardness of the oleogels increased by 21%-48%.The addition of 0.5%curcumin in native and OSA starch oleogels increased their antioxidant activities to 41%and 35%,respectively.The texture and antioxidant properties of the oleogels indicate the feasibility of their appli-cation in food products.展开更多
文摘One of the difficulties in the implementation of agroenergy’s cropping is the growing area competition with subsistence crops. Few studies have been conducted to show the efficiency of intercropping between plants of energy’s potential with cultures of economic sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intercropping sunflower cultivars with corn and beans, in the initial growth under localized irrigation. The experiment was conducted at the end of the year 2012, in an area of 950 m2, located in the Campus II-UEPB, Lagoa Seca, Paraíba. The irrigation system was managed based on the Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo), calculated by the Penmann-Monteith Method with data obtained locally. The experimental design was a randomized blocks factorial (2 × 4) × 3, with treatments combining two varieties of sunflower in four plantation systems: single or isolated, intercropped with maize, with bean and with caupi. Each plot consisted of four rows of sunflowers in spacing 0.3 × 0.7 m and length of 5 m, interspersed with rows of beans or corn, except in the isolated system. The central rows of sunflowers were used to measure the following growth characteristics: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and leaf área. Data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and the means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The diversification of sunflower varieties promoted differences in initial growth, regardless of the cropping system. There was significant effect at 15 DAS, where the sunflower variety “Advanta CF101” had higher plants than the variety “Hélio 253” at 40 DAS;the variety “Hélio 253” had a stem diameter greater than the “Advanta CF101”.
基金the Fundaçao de Amparoa Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul-FAPERGS(22/2551-0000840-2)Coordenaçao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-CAPES(code 001)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico-CNPQ.
文摘Oleogels show promise in the food industry as potential substitutes for saturated fats,providing a medium for incorporating bioactive compounds.Starch modified with octenyl succinic anhydride(OSA)can serve as a structuring agent for vegetable oils due to its amphiphilic nature.This study aimed to develop oleogels based on native starch(NS)or modified starch(MS)bean,sunflower oil,beeswax,and curcumin.The oleogels were evaluated for gel hardness,oil holding capacity,structural stability,weight loss,X-ray diffraction,peroxide value,and antioxidant activity during 30 days of storage.The modification reduced the amylose content by 36%,viscosity by 32%,breakdown by 78%,and retrogradation by 54%of the starch.The oleogels exhibited structural stability and oil binding capacity above 96%during 30 days.Oleogels with NS and 0.5%curcumin were 20%softer than those without curcumin.Over 30 days,the hardness of the oleogels increased by 21%-48%.The addition of 0.5%curcumin in native and OSA starch oleogels increased their antioxidant activities to 41%and 35%,respectively.The texture and antioxidant properties of the oleogels indicate the feasibility of their appli-cation in food products.
