Objective: To investigate the current state of caring behavior among nursing students in a 3A hospital and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: A convenient sampling method was employed to survey 157 nursing stud...Objective: To investigate the current state of caring behavior among nursing students in a 3A hospital and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: A convenient sampling method was employed to survey 157 nursing students in a 3A hospital from October 2023 to March 2024, using a self-designed general data questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Caring Behavior Scale. Results: The caring behavior score of the nursing students was 102.39 ± 14.42. Among the three dimensions, the highest score was observed in “respect and connection” (40.29 ± 6.65), while the lowest score was in “knowledge and skill” (22.25 ± 3.53). Statistically significant differences in caring behavior scores were found in relation to education level, relationship with parents (general), and unwillingness to engage in nursing work after graduation (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The caring behavior scores of the nursing students in this study were at a moderate level. Education level, the quality of the relationship with parents (general), and an unwillingness to pursue nursing as a career after graduation were identified as the primary influencing factors.展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate attitudes toward caring for terminally ill patients and identify the associated factors among community nurses in Shanghai.Methods:The study was conducted among community nurses...Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate attitudes toward caring for terminally ill patients and identify the associated factors among community nurses in Shanghai.Methods:The study was conducted among community nurses using convenience sampling in Shanghai between August and November 2023.The demographic questionnaire,the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale-B(FATCOD-B),and the Coping with Death Scale(CDS)were used for data collection.Data analysis was conducted using independent sample t-test,one-way analysis of variance,and multiple linear regression analysis.Results:A total of 1,396 community nurses participated in this study.The overall FATCOD-B score among community nurses was 102.27±10.23,the attitude toward caring for the dying person’s family dimension scored the highest(4.03±0.53),whereas the attitude toward the communication dimension scored the lowest(2.86±0.52).The overall CDS score was 130.78±20.25.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that death coping ability and blended death education accounted for 13.7%of the variance in community nurses’attitudes toward caring for terminally ill patients.Conclusions:Community nurses in Shanghai exhibit moderate attitudes toward caring for terminally ill patients.Nurses with greater death coping ability and those who participated in blended death education tended to have more positive attitudes toward terminally ill patients.These findingsunderscore the potential of blended death education as a practical strategy to enhance hospice care quality in community health service centers.展开更多
Objectives:As Watson's Human Caring Theory continues to evolve and guide the discipline of nursing,the challenge is to find ways to integrate it into practice.The purpose of this study is to describe interprofessi...Objectives:As Watson's Human Caring Theory continues to evolve and guide the discipline of nursing,the challenge is to find ways to integrate it into practice.The purpose of this study is to describe interprofessional team members'perspectives on human caring based on the Ten Caritas Processes(R)/Caritas-Veritas Literacy of Watson's Human Caring Theory within the Unitary Caring Science.Methods:This is a qualitative directed content analysis study,taking place in a Children's Hospital in the United States between November 2017 and April 2018.Information redundancy was utilized to guide the recruitment.Data were collected via a one-time face-to-face individual interview.A qualitative directed content analysis was conducted using Watson's Ten Caritas Processes(R)/Caritas-Veritas Literacy as a coding framework.Results:Twenty-seven healthcare professionals participated in the study.Interprofessional human caring,based on the Ten Caritas Processes(R)/Caritas-Veritas Literacy,was referred to as performing lovingkindness to patients,each other,and self;maintaining faith-hope in teamwork;valuing intersubjective interactions and building trust among team members;cultivating heart-centered-caring relations;acknowledging and processing positive and negative feelings non-judgmentally;applying all ways of knowing in caring;encouraging reciprocal teaching-learning;developing caring-healing environments collaboratively;respecting human dignity of patients and each other;and being open-minded to the unknowns and believing in miracles.Conclusions:Watson's Human Caring Theory can be an underlying guide to enrich human-to-human relations and create a caring-healing environment.When human caring is applied in interprofessional teams,healthcare professionals find a caring consciousness to care for oneself and each other and promote patient care.展开更多
Caring is directed toward a variety of things. One of them is thought to be the concept of “family caring” aimed at families. This study attempts to clarify family caring and develop Family Care/ Caring Theory (FCCT...Caring is directed toward a variety of things. One of them is thought to be the concept of “family caring” aimed at families. This study attempts to clarify family caring and develop Family Care/ Caring Theory (FCCT), with the aim of implementing it in conjunction with an existing family nursing theory, the Concentric Sphere Family Environment Theory (CSFET). In Japan and in Hong Kong, family ethnography (including formal interviews) was conducted. As a result, the item “family health care nurses and their colleagues” was added to the family external environment of the CSFET. In the family environment, evidence was obtained to the effect that the family system unit is cared for by the nursing professional, and conversely the family system unit cares for the nursing professional, in a circular transaction. Observing the two-dimensional plane formed by the structural distance and functional distance, family caring assumes a structure of concentric circles, and according to transactions, the structural distance and functional distance between the nursing professional and family system unit are gradually approached, and through deepening of mutual trust maintain an appropriate distance. Moreover observing the three-dimensional space-time continuum which is created through addition of the temporal distance, family caring forms a helical structure. As transactions are repeated along the temporal axis, the family system unit’s self-actualization of other individuals and the self-actualization of the nursing professional are realized. Through these processes, a family care/caring relationship is reinforced and established. This is the concept of FCCT. Through future utilization in clinical settings this will be empirically substantiated, and it will be necessary to continue making creative corrections and revisions.展开更多
Human caring is regarded as the essence and core of nursing.Based on Dr.Watson′s human caring science theory,nursing staff in Wuhan Union Hospital and other healthcare institutions have delivered warm human caring se...Human caring is regarded as the essence and core of nursing.Based on Dr.Watson′s human caring science theory,nursing staff in Wuhan Union Hospital and other healthcare institutions have delivered warm human caring service in patients′ daily care.During the outbreak of major infectious disease-pandemic of COVID-19,patients are suffering from great psychological distress and pressure.Like nursing professionals around the world,nurses in Wuhan,Hubei,China,along with the colleagues from the National Aid Medical Team,used entire of themselves to conduct diversity human caring measures to patients suffering from the major infectious disease with love and responsibilities,which greatly demonstrated the essence and value of nursing care,and has wide implications for further development of nursing.展开更多
This book report is about the study of TEFL and explores the motivation and circumstances of teachers and students.The author tries to find out some enlightenment on TEFL through the characters of the book.
Nel Noddings’ethics of care is an important lineage of Western moral education thought,which contains deep humanistic values.Service-learning advocates the equal importance of service and learning,and emphasizes more...Nel Noddings’ethics of care is an important lineage of Western moral education thought,which contains deep humanistic values.Service-learning advocates the equal importance of service and learning,and emphasizes more on the discovery of educational connotations in practice.Based on the social background of aging,this paper takes the“Care for the Elderly”service-learning program as an example,attempts to take the care ethics as the entry point,adopts interviews,questionnaires,and other research methods,and opens-up the service-learning practice path under the threshold of Nel Noddings’care education theory.展开更多
Based on the outpatient interview and literature review, the initial framework of the outpatient experience of human caring scale was formed with 9 dimensions of outpatient process. The research aim was to improve the...Based on the outpatient interview and literature review, the initial framework of the outpatient experience of human caring scale was formed with 9 dimensions of outpatient process. The research aim was to improve the scale by Delphi method. Sixteen experts in medical management, human caring or medical education were invited to evaluate the importance of the dimensions and items of the scale and provided some expertise via filling out the DeLphi consultation questionnaires twice in the consulting round. In the first round, the recovery rate showing the experts＇ positivity was 80%; the coefficient of reliability （Cr） ascertaining the authority of the evaluation was 0.92; the mean and full mark ratios responding the concentration of the evaluation were 2.88-4.94 and 6.25%-93.75% respectively; the coefficients of variation （CV） and the Kendall＇s W determining the concordance of the evaluation were 5.06%-52.15% and 0.21-0.24 respectively. In the second round, the recovery rate was 93.75%; the Cr was 0.93; the mean was 3.93-4.93; the full mark ratios were 26.67%-93.33%; the Kendall＇s W was 0.14- 0.31, the CV was 5.25%-23.61%. Via the two-round Delphi study, the scale that included 10 dimensions and 61 items has been improved. Ten dimensions are pre-hospital medical service, guidance, registration, waiting, diagnosis ＆ treatment, paying, inspection ＆ assay, medicine receiving, therapy/injection/transfusion and global evaluation. It was concluded that Chinese scholars have paid high attention to human caring and outpatient experience. The experts have given high agreements about the dimensions which were established with Chinese outpatient process. The dimensions are different from the similar researches about outpatient experience study. In the future, it is necessary to survey the outpatients to test the construct validity, internal consistency reliability and others of the scale to improve the scale.展开更多
Summary:This study aims to develop the expert consensus on nurse's human caring for Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)patients in different sites,and thus provide a guideline on providing whole process and system...Summary:This study aims to develop the expert consensus on nurse's human caring for Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)patients in different sites,and thus provide a guideline on providing whole process and systematic caring for COVID-19 patients.Based on the frontline experiences of human caring for COVID-19 patients and the review of literature,the initial draft of consensus was made and finalized after online meeting and revisions.The experts reached consensus on the following parts:terms and definitions,principles of human caring for COVID-19 patients,and human caring measures for COVID-19 patients in different sites.The expert consensus is practical,concise,and reasonable for guiding the nurses providing human caring for COVID-19 patients,as well as other similar infectious diseases.展开更多
Resilience is the psychological capability to recover from difficulties quickly.Healthcare professionals are especially vulnerable to job-related stress and burnout.Unitary Caring Science is the framework for Watson’...Resilience is the psychological capability to recover from difficulties quickly.Healthcare professionals are especially vulnerable to job-related stress and burnout.Unitary Caring Science is the framework for Watson’s Human Caring Theory,providing a philosophy of practice in healthcare.With the high rates of clinician burnout and psychological issues,it will be significant to unify the human caring theory with research-informed psychological and neuroscience evidence to develop clinicians’resilience-building strategies.The purpose of this article is to introduce a Unitary Caring Science Resilience Model and explain the science behind the core strategies based on Unitary Caring Science philosophy and the psychological and neuroscience research.This model includes six strategies:Embracing loving-kindness for self and others;Nurturing interpersonal and intersubjective connections/relations;Deepening a creative use of self and sense of belonging;Balancing self-learning,self-awareness,and an evolved selfconsciousness;Valuing forgiveness and releasing negativity;Inspiring and maintaining faith-hope.The caring-theory guided resilience-building strategies are proven to alleviate the depletion of clinicians’energy and emotions.Healthcare practices are challenging but rewarding.Clinicians can be emotionally,psychologically,and physically exhausted if they always consider themselves‘giving’and‘doing’institutional tasks without a sense of purpose or fulfillment.The practice can be rewarding if it becomes more aligned with clinicians’value to serve humanity.Through the unitary caring science resilience strategies,clinicians can build resilience as an antidote to clinician burnout and depletion.展开更多
Objectives:To examine the current studies about the impacts of faculty caring on nursing students'intent to graduate and provide recommendations.The nursing profession continues to face nursing shortages.One of th...Objectives:To examine the current studies about the impacts of faculty caring on nursing students'intent to graduate and provide recommendations.The nursing profession continues to face nursing shortages.One of the solutions recognized to alleviate the shortage is increasing the number of students graduating from nursing schools.It lacks a literature review synthesizing the current research about the impacts of faculty caring on nursing students'intent to graduate and indicate areas for future research.Methods:This is a systematic literature review.The search of the literature was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA).Databases searched included MEDUNE via PubMed,CINAHL,PsyclNFO,and ProQuest Search.Search terms included'attrition,''dropouts,''graduation rate,''faculty,''instructor,''professor,''nursing,'and'caring.'Results:Ten articles met the inclusion criteria.The articles were conducted in the Associate Degree of Nursing and the Bachelor of Science in Nursing programs.Nursing faculties played a significant role in students'intent to graduate by building students'confidence,creating a compassionate learning environment,and promoting students'competence.Faculties'caring behaviors,including respecting students,showing empathy,and using caring communication skills,were essential characteristics to affect students'learning environments.Conclusions:The findings indicate that students'perceptions of faculty caring can affect their perceptions of the learning environment and sense of belonging,and therefore,impact their intent to graduate.Students'perceptions of their instructors'caring behaviors are instrumental in motivating them to continue learning.The capacity of faculty caring plays a significant role in students'success.展开更多
Objective： To understand the effect of humanistic nursing care model wards in Children Caring Ward School （CCWS） on the nurses＇ caring ability. Methods： Questionnaire 25 nurses of humanistic nursing care model wa...Objective： To understand the effect of humanistic nursing care model wards in Children Caring Ward School （CCWS） on the nurses＇ caring ability. Methods： Questionnaire 25 nurses of humanistic nursing care model wards in CCWS using the Nkongho Caring Ability Inventory （CAI） before and after implement the humanistic nursing care model, including reform the systems of nursing care, introduce humanistic care model, implement the humanistic care, to measure the nurses＇ caring ability. Results： The nurses＇ caring ability had significantly developed on total, cognition dimension, courage dimension and patience dimension after all measures considered （p 〈 0.05）. Conclusions： The humanistic nursing care model wards in CCWS has a positive effect on the nurses＇ caring ability, not only to help build great relationships between nurses and patients but also to enhance the patients＇ satisfaction.展开更多
Caring has long been recognized as central to nursing and is increasingly posited as a core concept although developing a theoretical description of caring which is adequate in the 21st. century continues to be a diff...Caring has long been recognized as central to nursing and is increasingly posited as a core concept although developing a theoretical description of caring which is adequate in the 21st. century continues to be a difficult task for nursing scholars. Consequently, verifying existing theoretical structures of caring remains an ongoing challenge. The aim of this article is to provide empirical verification of the caring processes of “knowing,” “being with,” “doing for,” “enabling” and “maintaining belief” from Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory based on the categorization of nursing actions from a systematic literature review on care. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in the fields of nursing sciences, medicine and psychology. Purposeful sampling was carried out covering a period from 2003-2013. The final sample included 25 articles. Results: Major themes of nursing actions included “knowing” which consisted of centering, nurturing, informed understanding, assessment skills, communication and respect for individual differences. “Being with” was characterized by intimate relationship, connecting, presencing, emotional adaptability awareness of self/other and decentering. “Doing for” included competence, knowledge, professional/technical skills, helping actions, anticipatory, multidisciplinary and preserving dignity. “Enabling” was characterized by self care, commitment, complexity of care, appropriate communication, information/education, sharing power, enabling choice and ongoing validation. Finally, “maintaining belief” was characterized by spiritual being, humanistic view, harmonious balance, hope, love, and compassion, meaning, and religious and spiritual orientation. Conclusion: Empirical verification was shown for the caring processes described in Swanson’s Caring Theory grounded in concrete nursing actions.展开更多
Gender stereotyping on the role of male nurses in the use of intimate care,especially the application of touch,was explored.The barriers for men to provide care were determined.Strategies adopted by male nurses to ove...Gender stereotyping on the role of male nurses in the use of intimate care,especially the application of touch,was explored.The barriers for men to provide care were determined.Strategies adopted by male nurses to overcome these barriers were discussed.The review of literature showed that role stereotyping is still prevalent within nursing.Public media should recognize the diversity of caring and apply positive materials to shape a new image of nursing.The nursing faculty should develop an atmosphere of acceptance and empower male nursing students in the nursing school and clinic.Male nurses themselves should deeply believe that nursing is a profession suitable for both genders.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this study was to apply Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory to the follow-up visit with a midwife for Swedish women who have suffered early miscarriage or received care for late missed miscarri...Objective: The aim of this study was to apply Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory to the follow-up visit with a midwife for Swedish women who have suffered early miscarriage or received care for late missed miscarriage in preg-nancy week 18-20. Methods: Twenty-five tape recorded interviews with women four weeks after their early miscarriages and thirteen tape recorded semi-structured interviews with midwives and nurses who had the experience of caring for women who have been diagnosed with a missed miscarriage during a routine ultrasound scan. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and interpreted deductively from the text using the theory. Results: Each woman described her personal experience of miscarriage in the relative terms of a human experience. The midwives and nurses described their experiences with women who received care for missed miscarriage. The interviews included information about the treatment provided by the caregivers during the period afterward of the diagnosis. The caregiver attitude was formed from Swanson’s caring categories: “Maintaining belief”, “knowing”, “being with”, “doing for”, “enabling”. Conclusions: Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory as applied to the caregiver includes being emotionally present, giving support with respect for the woman’s dignity, being competent, meeting each woman’s own individual needs. Given the proper care after a miscarriage every woman has the power within herself to improve their wellbeing.展开更多
Objective: To design a scientific, feasible caring training content for nurse managers. Methods: Training content came from review of literature;all the content were sorted out, analyzed, and compiled by the research ...Objective: To design a scientific, feasible caring training content for nurse managers. Methods: Training content came from review of literature;all the content were sorted out, analyzed, and compiled by the research team. Then, a Delphi method was used to collect opinions from experts on the caring training contents. Results: A 22-member multidisciplinary panel was engaged in a two-round Delphi process to assess the importance of the items and to identify any additional elements. Consensus was obtained on 23 items that belonged to four modules. There were 10 items related to caring knowledge and caring ability, six items related to caring leadership, three items related to caring education, and four items related to caring research. Conclusions: The four-module integrated training contents achieved in this study represented the core caring knowledge and skills that a nurse manager who worked in hospital needed to know. Nurse managers can choose any module to have a system learning according to their practical needs, totally or separately.展开更多
The voice of calling for humanistic concern is always from uncountable doctor-patient conflicts, from which we often hear a doctor is killed or injured for disputes. Prejudice has been rooted in mind that all doctors ...The voice of calling for humanistic concern is always from uncountable doctor-patient conflicts, from which we often hear a doctor is killed or injured for disputes. Prejudice has been rooted in mind that all doctors and nurses are interest-centered and cold-blooded. To some extent, it's true that patterned questions with a poker face are always more than gentle words with warm smile. Nurses are the ones who keep patients company for the longest time. Therefore, caring matters more for them. The explicit concept of "caring" will be introduced and we will attach great importance to how nurses can achieve caring. From the following aspects:the practices of loving kindness, the instillation of faith and hope, sensitivity to indicators of disease, improvem ent of healing environment, communication arts etc, you will understand why nurse is the symbol of angel. We can begin with caring about people around us. Our duty is not only to deal the ill but to warm the chill.展开更多
Objective: Nurses play important roles in caring for dying patients and their families. Difficulties students confronted when facing dying patients challenge the quality of nursing education. A better understanding of...Objective: Nurses play important roles in caring for dying patients and their families. Difficulties students confronted when facing dying patients challenge the quality of nursing education. A better understanding of students' experiences would enhance teachers' ability in helping students. This study aims to describe available evidence about nursing students' experiences when caring for dying patients and their families.Methods: A review of qualitative studies published between 2005 and 2017 was undertaken using the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest Central, ScienceDirect, and CNKI. The keywords included were nursing students, experience, care, end-of-life, and dying. Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument was used to assess the quality of the studies by two independent reviewers. The data from the studies were analyzed by meta-synthesis.Results: Eighteen English and two Chinese studies were selected in this review. Four themes were emerged:(1) Students with dying patients: students did not have enough ability in symptoms control, comfort supply, and therapeutic communication for dying patients.(2) Students with the patients' families: students advocated more caring for patients' families.(3) Students with the surroundings: professional medical staffs, especially the nursing preceptors, were key roles in constructing a supporting system for students.(4) Students with themselves: nursing students underwent various negative feelings and adopted both negative and positive strategies to cope with such feelings;students experienced professional and personal development during the caring for dying patients.Conclusions: Nursing students' abilities in terminal symptom control, comfort supply, and therapeutic communication should be improved by more theoretic learning and simulation practice. The nursing preceptors were key roles in constructing a supporting system for students and helping them to control the negative emotions when facing dying patients.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among disposition toward critical thinking, learning styles, and caring behaviors in student nurses enrolled in three 5-year junior nursing colleges in South...The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among disposition toward critical thinking, learning styles, and caring behaviors in student nurses enrolled in three 5-year junior nursing colleges in Southern Taiwan. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a convenience sample that comprised 777 nursing students from two cities. The data were obtained through the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, Chinese Version (CTDI-CV), Index of Learning Styles (ILS), and the Caring Behavior Scale (CBS). The sample ranged in age from 16 to 22 years (M = 18.21). Results: Students scored highest on the inquisitiveness subscale and lowest on the truth-seeking subscale. Additionally, some dimensions of disposition toward critical thinking differed significantly by learning style. There was a positive relationship between overall critical thinking dispositions and caring behaviors (r = 0.23, p < 0.01). Finally, dimensions of caring behavior, with the exception of the maturity dimension, were significantly positively related to most dimensions of the disposition toward critical thinking (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate that not only is learning style related to critical thinking disposition but also to caring behaviors. However, the cause of these relationships warrants further study.展开更多
This research was aimed to evaluate the training program enhancing caring behaviors of new nurses by Kirkpatrick＇s four level for evaluation model： reaction, learning, behavior, and result of the program. The partic...This research was aimed to evaluate the training program enhancing caring behaviors of new nurses by Kirkpatrick＇s four level for evaluation model： reaction, learning, behavior, and result of the program. The participants were new nurses, preceptors of new nurses, administrators, patients and members of the patients＇ family cared by new nurses. The research instruments were： （1） five questionnaires toward program suitability, knowledge, attitude, caring expression, and result to organization. The mean, standard deviation and dependent sample t-test were used for data analysis; （2） guidelines for focus group discussion and semi-structural questionnaire analyzed by content analysis. The study revealed that： （1） the mean of suitability was at the very high level （X = 4.49, SD. = .30）; （2） the knowledge and attitude after training were significantly higher than before training at .000 level, [t =-21.65, p = .000 and t = -19.30, p = .000）; {3} caring behavior after training was significantly higher than before training at the .000 level; and {4} the result of the program was at the high level { X = 4.25, SD. = .17}, related to the result of semi-structured interview and focus group discussion. These evaluation research finding suggested that administrators can use for improving the preparation of any project and apply to evaluate other training programs, developing human resource system.展开更多
基金Demonstration Course Project of Ideological and Political Education in Henan Province-Fundamentals of Nursing(JiaoGao[2022]No.268)。
文摘Objective: To investigate the current state of caring behavior among nursing students in a 3A hospital and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: A convenient sampling method was employed to survey 157 nursing students in a 3A hospital from October 2023 to March 2024, using a self-designed general data questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Caring Behavior Scale. Results: The caring behavior score of the nursing students was 102.39 ± 14.42. Among the three dimensions, the highest score was observed in “respect and connection” (40.29 ± 6.65), while the lowest score was in “knowledge and skill” (22.25 ± 3.53). Statistically significant differences in caring behavior scores were found in relation to education level, relationship with parents (general), and unwillingness to engage in nursing work after graduation (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The caring behavior scores of the nursing students in this study were at a moderate level. Education level, the quality of the relationship with parents (general), and an unwillingness to pursue nursing as a career after graduation were identified as the primary influencing factors.
基金supported by the“Climbing Plan”for Outstanding Young Teachers at Shanghai University of Medicine&Health Sciences(A3-0200-21-311008)Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science Project(23YJC630002).
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate attitudes toward caring for terminally ill patients and identify the associated factors among community nurses in Shanghai.Methods:The study was conducted among community nurses using convenience sampling in Shanghai between August and November 2023.The demographic questionnaire,the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale-B(FATCOD-B),and the Coping with Death Scale(CDS)were used for data collection.Data analysis was conducted using independent sample t-test,one-way analysis of variance,and multiple linear regression analysis.Results:A total of 1,396 community nurses participated in this study.The overall FATCOD-B score among community nurses was 102.27±10.23,the attitude toward caring for the dying person’s family dimension scored the highest(4.03±0.53),whereas the attitude toward the communication dimension scored the lowest(2.86±0.52).The overall CDS score was 130.78±20.25.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that death coping ability and blended death education accounted for 13.7%of the variance in community nurses’attitudes toward caring for terminally ill patients.Conclusions:Community nurses in Shanghai exhibit moderate attitudes toward caring for terminally ill patients.Nurses with greater death coping ability and those who participated in blended death education tended to have more positive attitudes toward terminally ill patients.These findingsunderscore the potential of blended death education as a practical strategy to enhance hospice care quality in community health service centers.
基金This study was supported in part by a Seed Grant from the College of Nursing at East Carolina University received by the first author
文摘Objectives:As Watson's Human Caring Theory continues to evolve and guide the discipline of nursing,the challenge is to find ways to integrate it into practice.The purpose of this study is to describe interprofessional team members'perspectives on human caring based on the Ten Caritas Processes(R)/Caritas-Veritas Literacy of Watson's Human Caring Theory within the Unitary Caring Science.Methods:This is a qualitative directed content analysis study,taking place in a Children's Hospital in the United States between November 2017 and April 2018.Information redundancy was utilized to guide the recruitment.Data were collected via a one-time face-to-face individual interview.A qualitative directed content analysis was conducted using Watson's Ten Caritas Processes(R)/Caritas-Veritas Literacy as a coding framework.Results:Twenty-seven healthcare professionals participated in the study.Interprofessional human caring,based on the Ten Caritas Processes(R)/Caritas-Veritas Literacy,was referred to as performing lovingkindness to patients,each other,and self;maintaining faith-hope in teamwork;valuing intersubjective interactions and building trust among team members;cultivating heart-centered-caring relations;acknowledging and processing positive and negative feelings non-judgmentally;applying all ways of knowing in caring;encouraging reciprocal teaching-learning;developing caring-healing environments collaboratively;respecting human dignity of patients and each other;and being open-minded to the unknowns and believing in miracles.Conclusions:Watson's Human Caring Theory can be an underlying guide to enrich human-to-human relations and create a caring-healing environment.When human caring is applied in interprofessional teams,healthcare professionals find a caring consciousness to care for oneself and each other and promote patient care.
文摘Caring is directed toward a variety of things. One of them is thought to be the concept of “family caring” aimed at families. This study attempts to clarify family caring and develop Family Care/ Caring Theory (FCCT), with the aim of implementing it in conjunction with an existing family nursing theory, the Concentric Sphere Family Environment Theory (CSFET). In Japan and in Hong Kong, family ethnography (including formal interviews) was conducted. As a result, the item “family health care nurses and their colleagues” was added to the family external environment of the CSFET. In the family environment, evidence was obtained to the effect that the family system unit is cared for by the nursing professional, and conversely the family system unit cares for the nursing professional, in a circular transaction. Observing the two-dimensional plane formed by the structural distance and functional distance, family caring assumes a structure of concentric circles, and according to transactions, the structural distance and functional distance between the nursing professional and family system unit are gradually approached, and through deepening of mutual trust maintain an appropriate distance. Moreover observing the three-dimensional space-time continuum which is created through addition of the temporal distance, family caring forms a helical structure. As transactions are repeated along the temporal axis, the family system unit’s self-actualization of other individuals and the self-actualization of the nursing professional are realized. Through these processes, a family care/caring relationship is reinforced and established. This is the concept of FCCT. Through future utilization in clinical settings this will be empirically substantiated, and it will be necessary to continue making creative corrections and revisions.
文摘Human caring is regarded as the essence and core of nursing.Based on Dr.Watson′s human caring science theory,nursing staff in Wuhan Union Hospital and other healthcare institutions have delivered warm human caring service in patients′ daily care.During the outbreak of major infectious disease-pandemic of COVID-19,patients are suffering from great psychological distress and pressure.Like nursing professionals around the world,nurses in Wuhan,Hubei,China,along with the colleagues from the National Aid Medical Team,used entire of themselves to conduct diversity human caring measures to patients suffering from the major infectious disease with love and responsibilities,which greatly demonstrated the essence and value of nursing care,and has wide implications for further development of nursing.
文摘This book report is about the study of TEFL and explores the motivation and circumstances of teachers and students.The author tries to find out some enlightenment on TEFL through the characters of the book.
文摘Nel Noddings’ethics of care is an important lineage of Western moral education thought,which contains deep humanistic values.Service-learning advocates the equal importance of service and learning,and emphasizes more on the discovery of educational connotations in practice.Based on the social background of aging,this paper takes the“Care for the Elderly”service-learning program as an example,attempts to take the care ethics as the entry point,adopts interviews,questionnaires,and other research methods,and opens-up the service-learning practice path under the threshold of Nel Noddings’care education theory.
文摘Based on the outpatient interview and literature review, the initial framework of the outpatient experience of human caring scale was formed with 9 dimensions of outpatient process. The research aim was to improve the scale by Delphi method. Sixteen experts in medical management, human caring or medical education were invited to evaluate the importance of the dimensions and items of the scale and provided some expertise via filling out the DeLphi consultation questionnaires twice in the consulting round. In the first round, the recovery rate showing the experts＇ positivity was 80%; the coefficient of reliability （Cr） ascertaining the authority of the evaluation was 0.92; the mean and full mark ratios responding the concentration of the evaluation were 2.88-4.94 and 6.25%-93.75% respectively; the coefficients of variation （CV） and the Kendall＇s W determining the concordance of the evaluation were 5.06%-52.15% and 0.21-0.24 respectively. In the second round, the recovery rate was 93.75%; the Cr was 0.93; the mean was 3.93-4.93; the full mark ratios were 26.67%-93.33%; the Kendall＇s W was 0.14- 0.31, the CV was 5.25%-23.61%. Via the two-round Delphi study, the scale that included 10 dimensions and 61 items has been improved. Ten dimensions are pre-hospital medical service, guidance, registration, waiting, diagnosis ＆ treatment, paying, inspection ＆ assay, medicine receiving, therapy/injection/transfusion and global evaluation. It was concluded that Chinese scholars have paid high attention to human caring and outpatient experience. The experts have given high agreements about the dimensions which were established with Chinese outpatient process. The dimensions are different from the similar researches about outpatient experience study. In the future, it is necessary to survey the outpatients to test the construct validity, internal consistency reliability and others of the scale to improve the scale.
基金This study was supported by Project of Technological Innovation of Hubei Province(Soft Science Research)(No.2018ADC078)Project of Independent Innovation of Double-First Class Construction(Art Interdisciplinary)(No.5001530064)。
文摘Summary:This study aims to develop the expert consensus on nurse's human caring for Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)patients in different sites,and thus provide a guideline on providing whole process and systematic caring for COVID-19 patients.Based on the frontline experiences of human caring for COVID-19 patients and the review of literature,the initial draft of consensus was made and finalized after online meeting and revisions.The experts reached consensus on the following parts:terms and definitions,principles of human caring for COVID-19 patients,and human caring measures for COVID-19 patients in different sites.The expert consensus is practical,concise,and reasonable for guiding the nurses providing human caring for COVID-19 patients,as well as other similar infectious diseases.
文摘Resilience is the psychological capability to recover from difficulties quickly.Healthcare professionals are especially vulnerable to job-related stress and burnout.Unitary Caring Science is the framework for Watson’s Human Caring Theory,providing a philosophy of practice in healthcare.With the high rates of clinician burnout and psychological issues,it will be significant to unify the human caring theory with research-informed psychological and neuroscience evidence to develop clinicians’resilience-building strategies.The purpose of this article is to introduce a Unitary Caring Science Resilience Model and explain the science behind the core strategies based on Unitary Caring Science philosophy and the psychological and neuroscience research.This model includes six strategies:Embracing loving-kindness for self and others;Nurturing interpersonal and intersubjective connections/relations;Deepening a creative use of self and sense of belonging;Balancing self-learning,self-awareness,and an evolved selfconsciousness;Valuing forgiveness and releasing negativity;Inspiring and maintaining faith-hope.The caring-theory guided resilience-building strategies are proven to alleviate the depletion of clinicians’energy and emotions.Healthcare practices are challenging but rewarding.Clinicians can be emotionally,psychologically,and physically exhausted if they always consider themselves‘giving’and‘doing’institutional tasks without a sense of purpose or fulfillment.The practice can be rewarding if it becomes more aligned with clinicians’value to serve humanity.Through the unitary caring science resilience strategies,clinicians can build resilience as an antidote to clinician burnout and depletion.
文摘Objectives:To examine the current studies about the impacts of faculty caring on nursing students'intent to graduate and provide recommendations.The nursing profession continues to face nursing shortages.One of the solutions recognized to alleviate the shortage is increasing the number of students graduating from nursing schools.It lacks a literature review synthesizing the current research about the impacts of faculty caring on nursing students'intent to graduate and indicate areas for future research.Methods:This is a systematic literature review.The search of the literature was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA).Databases searched included MEDUNE via PubMed,CINAHL,PsyclNFO,and ProQuest Search.Search terms included'attrition,''dropouts,''graduation rate,''faculty,''instructor,''professor,''nursing,'and'caring.'Results:Ten articles met the inclusion criteria.The articles were conducted in the Associate Degree of Nursing and the Bachelor of Science in Nursing programs.Nursing faculties played a significant role in students'intent to graduate by building students'confidence,creating a compassionate learning environment,and promoting students'competence.Faculties'caring behaviors,including respecting students,showing empathy,and using caring communication skills,were essential characteristics to affect students'learning environments.Conclusions:The findings indicate that students'perceptions of faculty caring can affect their perceptions of the learning environment and sense of belonging,and therefore,impact their intent to graduate.Students'perceptions of their instructors'caring behaviors are instrumental in motivating them to continue learning.The capacity of faculty caring plays a significant role in students'success.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Huazhong University of Science and Technology(No.2014LC028)
文摘Objective： To understand the effect of humanistic nursing care model wards in Children Caring Ward School （CCWS） on the nurses＇ caring ability. Methods： Questionnaire 25 nurses of humanistic nursing care model wards in CCWS using the Nkongho Caring Ability Inventory （CAI） before and after implement the humanistic nursing care model, including reform the systems of nursing care, introduce humanistic care model, implement the humanistic care, to measure the nurses＇ caring ability. Results： The nurses＇ caring ability had significantly developed on total, cognition dimension, courage dimension and patience dimension after all measures considered （p 〈 0.05）. Conclusions： The humanistic nursing care model wards in CCWS has a positive effect on the nurses＇ caring ability, not only to help build great relationships between nurses and patients but also to enhance the patients＇ satisfaction.
文摘Caring has long been recognized as central to nursing and is increasingly posited as a core concept although developing a theoretical description of caring which is adequate in the 21st. century continues to be a difficult task for nursing scholars. Consequently, verifying existing theoretical structures of caring remains an ongoing challenge. The aim of this article is to provide empirical verification of the caring processes of “knowing,” “being with,” “doing for,” “enabling” and “maintaining belief” from Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory based on the categorization of nursing actions from a systematic literature review on care. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in the fields of nursing sciences, medicine and psychology. Purposeful sampling was carried out covering a period from 2003-2013. The final sample included 25 articles. Results: Major themes of nursing actions included “knowing” which consisted of centering, nurturing, informed understanding, assessment skills, communication and respect for individual differences. “Being with” was characterized by intimate relationship, connecting, presencing, emotional adaptability awareness of self/other and decentering. “Doing for” included competence, knowledge, professional/technical skills, helping actions, anticipatory, multidisciplinary and preserving dignity. “Enabling” was characterized by self care, commitment, complexity of care, appropriate communication, information/education, sharing power, enabling choice and ongoing validation. Finally, “maintaining belief” was characterized by spiritual being, humanistic view, harmonious balance, hope, love, and compassion, meaning, and religious and spiritual orientation. Conclusion: Empirical verification was shown for the caring processes described in Swanson’s Caring Theory grounded in concrete nursing actions.
文摘Gender stereotyping on the role of male nurses in the use of intimate care,especially the application of touch,was explored.The barriers for men to provide care were determined.Strategies adopted by male nurses to overcome these barriers were discussed.The review of literature showed that role stereotyping is still prevalent within nursing.Public media should recognize the diversity of caring and apply positive materials to shape a new image of nursing.The nursing faculty should develop an atmosphere of acceptance and empower male nursing students in the nursing school and clinic.Male nurses themselves should deeply believe that nursing is a profession suitable for both genders.
文摘Objective: The aim of this study was to apply Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory to the follow-up visit with a midwife for Swedish women who have suffered early miscarriage or received care for late missed miscarriage in preg-nancy week 18-20. Methods: Twenty-five tape recorded interviews with women four weeks after their early miscarriages and thirteen tape recorded semi-structured interviews with midwives and nurses who had the experience of caring for women who have been diagnosed with a missed miscarriage during a routine ultrasound scan. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and interpreted deductively from the text using the theory. Results: Each woman described her personal experience of miscarriage in the relative terms of a human experience. The midwives and nurses described their experiences with women who received care for missed miscarriage. The interviews included information about the treatment provided by the caregivers during the period afterward of the diagnosis. The caregiver attitude was formed from Swanson’s caring categories: “Maintaining belief”, “knowing”, “being with”, “doing for”, “enabling”. Conclusions: Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory as applied to the caregiver includes being emotionally present, giving support with respect for the woman’s dignity, being competent, meeting each woman’s own individual needs. Given the proper care after a miscarriage every woman has the power within herself to improve their wellbeing.
文摘Objective: To design a scientific, feasible caring training content for nurse managers. Methods: Training content came from review of literature;all the content were sorted out, analyzed, and compiled by the research team. Then, a Delphi method was used to collect opinions from experts on the caring training contents. Results: A 22-member multidisciplinary panel was engaged in a two-round Delphi process to assess the importance of the items and to identify any additional elements. Consensus was obtained on 23 items that belonged to four modules. There were 10 items related to caring knowledge and caring ability, six items related to caring leadership, three items related to caring education, and four items related to caring research. Conclusions: The four-module integrated training contents achieved in this study represented the core caring knowledge and skills that a nurse manager who worked in hospital needed to know. Nurse managers can choose any module to have a system learning according to their practical needs, totally or separately.
文摘The voice of calling for humanistic concern is always from uncountable doctor-patient conflicts, from which we often hear a doctor is killed or injured for disputes. Prejudice has been rooted in mind that all doctors and nurses are interest-centered and cold-blooded. To some extent, it's true that patterned questions with a poker face are always more than gentle words with warm smile. Nurses are the ones who keep patients company for the longest time. Therefore, caring matters more for them. The explicit concept of "caring" will be introduced and we will attach great importance to how nurses can achieve caring. From the following aspects:the practices of loving kindness, the instillation of faith and hope, sensitivity to indicators of disease, improvem ent of healing environment, communication arts etc, you will understand why nurse is the symbol of angel. We can begin with caring about people around us. Our duty is not only to deal the ill but to warm the chill.
基金supported by the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(No.FDCT 276/2017/P)
文摘Objective: Nurses play important roles in caring for dying patients and their families. Difficulties students confronted when facing dying patients challenge the quality of nursing education. A better understanding of students' experiences would enhance teachers' ability in helping students. This study aims to describe available evidence about nursing students' experiences when caring for dying patients and their families.Methods: A review of qualitative studies published between 2005 and 2017 was undertaken using the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest Central, ScienceDirect, and CNKI. The keywords included were nursing students, experience, care, end-of-life, and dying. Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument was used to assess the quality of the studies by two independent reviewers. The data from the studies were analyzed by meta-synthesis.Results: Eighteen English and two Chinese studies were selected in this review. Four themes were emerged:(1) Students with dying patients: students did not have enough ability in symptoms control, comfort supply, and therapeutic communication for dying patients.(2) Students with the patients' families: students advocated more caring for patients' families.(3) Students with the surroundings: professional medical staffs, especially the nursing preceptors, were key roles in constructing a supporting system for students.(4) Students with themselves: nursing students underwent various negative feelings and adopted both negative and positive strategies to cope with such feelings;students experienced professional and personal development during the caring for dying patients.Conclusions: Nursing students' abilities in terminal symptom control, comfort supply, and therapeutic communication should be improved by more theoretic learning and simulation practice. The nursing preceptors were key roles in constructing a supporting system for students and helping them to control the negative emotions when facing dying patients.
文摘The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among disposition toward critical thinking, learning styles, and caring behaviors in student nurses enrolled in three 5-year junior nursing colleges in Southern Taiwan. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a convenience sample that comprised 777 nursing students from two cities. The data were obtained through the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, Chinese Version (CTDI-CV), Index of Learning Styles (ILS), and the Caring Behavior Scale (CBS). The sample ranged in age from 16 to 22 years (M = 18.21). Results: Students scored highest on the inquisitiveness subscale and lowest on the truth-seeking subscale. Additionally, some dimensions of disposition toward critical thinking differed significantly by learning style. There was a positive relationship between overall critical thinking dispositions and caring behaviors (r = 0.23, p < 0.01). Finally, dimensions of caring behavior, with the exception of the maturity dimension, were significantly positively related to most dimensions of the disposition toward critical thinking (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate that not only is learning style related to critical thinking disposition but also to caring behaviors. However, the cause of these relationships warrants further study.
文摘This research was aimed to evaluate the training program enhancing caring behaviors of new nurses by Kirkpatrick＇s four level for evaluation model： reaction, learning, behavior, and result of the program. The participants were new nurses, preceptors of new nurses, administrators, patients and members of the patients＇ family cared by new nurses. The research instruments were： （1） five questionnaires toward program suitability, knowledge, attitude, caring expression, and result to organization. The mean, standard deviation and dependent sample t-test were used for data analysis; （2） guidelines for focus group discussion and semi-structural questionnaire analyzed by content analysis. The study revealed that： （1） the mean of suitability was at the very high level （X = 4.49, SD. = .30）; （2） the knowledge and attitude after training were significantly higher than before training at .000 level, [t =-21.65, p = .000 and t = -19.30, p = .000）; {3} caring behavior after training was significantly higher than before training at the .000 level; and {4} the result of the program was at the high level { X = 4.25, SD. = .17}, related to the result of semi-structured interview and focus group discussion. These evaluation research finding suggested that administrators can use for improving the preparation of any project and apply to evaluate other training programs, developing human resource system.
