Multiple regions of the genome have been associated with the risk of prostate cancer in Caucasians, particularly including several polymorphisms located at 8q24. Region 2 of 8q24 has been repeatedly found to be associ...Multiple regions of the genome have been associated with the risk of prostate cancer in Caucasians, particularly including several polymorphisms located at 8q24. Region 2 of 8q24 has been repeatedly found to be associated with the risk of prostate cancer among men of African descent, although one study performed in the Caribbean island of Jamaica did not report this finding. In this study, the single nucleotide polymorphism rs16901979, located in region 2 of 8q24, was genotyped in 498 cases of histologically confirmed prostate cancer and 541 controls from the French Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe, where the population is largely of African descent. The AA genotype and the A allele at rs16901979 were associated with elevated risks of prostate cancer （odds ratios [ORs] = 1.84, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.26-2.69, P= 0.002 and OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.13-1.64, P= 0.001, respectively）. Following stratification of the patients by disease aggressiveness, as defined by the Gleason score, the pooled genotypes AC ＋ AA were associated with a higher risk of a Gleasen score 〉7 at diagnosis （OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.17-2.73, P= 0.007）. In summary, the A allele at rs16901979 was associated with the risk of prostate cancer in the Caribbean population of Guadeloupe, confirming its involvement in populations of African descent. Moreover, our study provides the first evidence of an association between this variant and the risk of aggressive prostate cancer.展开更多
The lancehead (Bothrops lanceolatus) is a poisonous snake endemic to Martinique, an island in the Lesser Antilles arc. Today, this snake is on the verge of extinction. The recorded number of snakes killed yearly betwe...The lancehead (Bothrops lanceolatus) is a poisonous snake endemic to Martinique, an island in the Lesser Antilles arc. Today, this snake is on the verge of extinction. The recorded number of snakes killed yearly between 1970 and 2002 decreased by 97%. Despite the production of an antivenom in 1993, the local authorities set up a financial reward to encourage the eradication of lancehead snakes. Today the local population still perceives the snake as a threat, due to its fatal venom and its fierce behaviour. The case study of the lancehead in Martinique highlights the need to develop integrated strategies to conserve species of poisonous snakes on densely populated islands. This requires innovative, cross-sectoral strategies that involve decision-makers working along with multi-disciplinary scientists. Approaching the complexity of ecosystems through the socio-ecological prism implies, conversely, linking up the domains of science and technology, life and environmental sciences, and human and social sciences, through interactions based on sharing common展开更多
The Caribbean presents a wide range of opportunities with varying potential to contribute to the Gross National Incomes of the countries.However,the tourism industry remains a key source of income but is vulnerable to...The Caribbean presents a wide range of opportunities with varying potential to contribute to the Gross National Incomes of the countries.However,the tourism industry remains a key source of income but is vulnerable to disasters and other upheavals.There are alternatives to sustainable growth such as the blue economy with the potential for hydrogen extraction from the Caribbean Sea,which can make a signi fiicant contribution.The Caribbean Transshipment Triangle boasts signi fiicant port infrastructure that plays a crucial role in transporting goods and has the potential to become hydrogen hubs.The aim of this research is to examine the potential for countries in the region to develop this industry.A quantitative methodology was employed to examine the correlation between renewable energy and economic growth among six major transshipment countries in the Caribbean transshipment triangle,from 2010 to 2020.The study employed the Pearson correlation coef fiicient to analyze the data collected from these countries.The fiindings indicated that the Dominican Republic and Panama had the highest correlation between renewable energy and economic growth.Speci fiically,Jamaica,Panama,and the Dominican Republic demonstrated a moderate to high correlation between Renewable Power Capacity(RPC)and GDP.Consequently,investing in port infrastructure to facilitate hydrogen production,storage,distribution,and export could have positive effects on these economies.These fiindings are of interest to governments,managers,professionals,policymakers,and investors in the power generation sector.The research supports visions of a resilient blue economy and addresses sustainable development concerns in the Caribbean region.展开更多
As one of the strongest convection bands in the Southern Hemisphere,the South Pacific Convergence Zone(SPCZ)substantially influences the variabilities in the atmospheric circulation and Antarctic climate.In this study...As one of the strongest convection bands in the Southern Hemisphere,the South Pacific Convergence Zone(SPCZ)substantially influences the variabilities in the atmospheric circulation and Antarctic climate.In this study,it is revealed that the intensity of the SPCZ can change the characteristics of sea ice in the West Antarctica during austral autumn,which is significantly independent of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).Observational and numerical results suggest that a stronger-than-usual SPCZ can generate a poleward-propagating Rossby wave train along a great circular route and induce a weakening of the Amundsen Sea Low(ASL)near West Antarctica,which may somewhat offset the teleconnections exerted by ENSO.These changes in the strength and zonal extent of ASL is noticeable and robustly lead to a tripole response of sea-ice perturbations in the Ross,Amundsen,and Weddell Seas.We find that the wind-driven dynamical processes determine the local sea-ice changes,while the influence from thermodynamic processes is trivial.This research underscores the need to consider the SPCZ variability for a comprehensive understanding of sea-ice changes in West Antarctica on interannual timescales.展开更多
Latin America and the Caribbean(hereinafter referred to as“LAC”)is an important part of the Global South.It is the region where developing countries that achieved independence the earliest and initiated their modern...Latin America and the Caribbean(hereinafter referred to as“LAC”)is an important part of the Global South.It is the region where developing countries that achieved independence the earliest and initiated their modernization process the earliest are located.LAC modernization has a history of over 150 years.In this process,it has been profoundly influenced by Western theories such as classical liberalism and neoliberalism.展开更多
On June 20,the 7th China-Latin America and Caribbean Think Tank Forum was held in Beijing.The forum carried the theme“Working Together to Build a China-LAC Community with a Shared Future.”Assistant Foreign Minister ...On June 20,the 7th China-Latin America and Caribbean Think Tank Forum was held in Beijing.The forum carried the theme“Working Together to Build a China-LAC Community with a Shared Future.”Assistant Foreign Minister Miao Deyu attended the opening ceremony and delivered remarks.Leonel Caraballo Maqueira,Vice President of the Cuban Diplomatic Academy,and Martin Charles,Ambassador of Dominica to China and Representative of the Latin American and Caribbean Diplomatic Corps in China,attended the meeting and delivered speeches.展开更多
As a geopolitical bloc,the West is suffering unprecedented shocks.Once shared values are beginning to collapse,the shared security concept is rapidly diverging,and the shared view of order is also tending to disintegr...As a geopolitical bloc,the West is suffering unprecedented shocks.Once shared values are beginning to collapse,the shared security concept is rapidly diverging,and the shared view of order is also tending to disintegrate.There are more and more claims in the world,especially within the West,that the West has come to an end.Whether the West has ended or is heading toward its end is still a matter of opinion.However,it is undeniable that major problems have emerged within the West and some fundamental changes have taken place.Moreover,due to their structural reasons,these changes are not temporary and are likely to be a long-term trend.The West has long played an important role in many areas such as international politics,economy,and security.Its major changes will inevitably have a profound impact on the world order.The West will be further divided,and the opposition and confrontation between the West and non-West may tend to fade.The multipolarization of the world and the democratization of international relations will accelerate.展开更多
Key West is in the state of Florida.It is the southernmost city in the USA.That means it is the city farthest to the south.It is very close to Cuba,another country.
The West Lake area and water system in West Lake scenic area of Hangzhou City directly affect the soil properties of waterfront lawn beds,which in turn have a significant impact on the growth of waterfront lawns.In or...The West Lake area and water system in West Lake scenic area of Hangzhou City directly affect the soil properties of waterfront lawn beds,which in turn have a significant impact on the growth of waterfront lawns.In order to further improve the quality of lawns,the conditions of 10 waterfront lawn beds in West Lake scenic area were tested and analyzed.The results showed that the waterfront lawn beds in West Lake scenic area were prone to salinization,with moderate or high pH values,moderate overall organic matter content,relatively sufficient nitrogen and phosphorus elements,and relatively deficient potassium elements.The contents of exchangeable calcium in all samples were higher than the lower limit,and the contents of exchangeable sodium,exchangeable magnesium,and available manganese in the soil were moderate or low,while the contents of available copper were moderate or high.展开更多
The increased erosion of mangrove forests has alarmed the government about the damage to both the economy and livelihoods.To evaluated forest and land erosion the coast.Based on survey data is divided into five levels...The increased erosion of mangrove forests has alarmed the government about the damage to both the economy and livelihoods.To evaluated forest and land erosion the coast.Based on survey data is divided into five levels(F1:no erosion;F2:little erosion;F3:moderate erosion;F4:high erosion;F5:strong erosion),and ecological conditions,the coast is divided into sub-regions for investigation.From the surveyed indicators at each erosion level,forest structure is analyzed for comparison.The erosion level is defined as an erosion function(Er)from 1 to 5(+),where(1)parameters include the number of trees per hectare(Ntr/ha),height to top(Ht),trunk diameter at 1.3 m(D1.3),tree canopy diameter(Dc),and width of the forest range(Wf);(2)land erosion is a function(Erl=Erlte+Erlsa+Erlsi+Erlcl),with parameters including erosion by terrain(Erlte),sand(Erlsa),silt(Erlsi),and clay(Erlcl);and(3)climate change leading to erosion is an inverse function(Cl)from 1 to 5(-),with parameters including erosion by rainfall(Clra),wind(Clwi),waves(Clwa),and tide(Clti).The resulting function output is Er=(Erf+Erl)-Cl.On eroded forest land,species were tested under climate change conditions and their growth in the next rainy season to assess survival rates affected by rainfall,waves,wind,and tides.These results help to plan planting mangrove forest anti-erosion models and construct a theoretical function of mangrove erosion and proposes restore forests using pioneer species.展开更多
In order to understand the transmission mechanism of West Nile virus(WNv)in birds(especially crows)and mosquitoes populations,this paper extends the traditional ordinary differential model of WNv to a reaction-diffusi...In order to understand the transmission mechanism of West Nile virus(WNv)in birds(especially crows)and mosquitoes populations,this paper extends the traditional ordinary differential model of WNv to a reaction-diffusion system with more complex cross-diffusion.We explore the relationship between the basic reproduction number and cross-diffusion coefficients involving various parameters,and investigate the effect of vertical transmission of the virus on the transmission mechanism.We use the method of upper and lower solutions to investigate the existence of the coexistence solutions.The theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show that the WNv carried by birds and mosquitoes will coexist when the low-risk threshold R0*≥1,which is a disadvantage to the prevention and control of this virus,and disappear when the high-risk threshold R*0≤1,which is an advantage to that.展开更多
Arid West Asia(AWA)is a critical hub of the Silk Road and one of the primary dust source regions in the Northern Hemisphere.Dust storms in AWA emitting substantial dust particles into the atmosphere,significantly infl...Arid West Asia(AWA)is a critical hub of the Silk Road and one of the primary dust source regions in the Northern Hemisphere.Dust storms in AWA emitting substantial dust particles into the atmosphere,significantly influencing air quality,climate change and marine productivity.However,the variability of dust storm activity in this region during the Holocene,particularly its links to vegetation and hydroclimatic changes,remains debated,hindering our understanding of the interconnected dynamics between climate change and surface environments.This study reconstructs dust storm variations in AWA over the past 9000 years using geochemical analyses(trace elements,Sr-Nd isotopes)from a well-dated,high-resolution sediment core from the Almalou Peatland,located on the western Iranian Plateau.Our results reveal a decline in dust storm frequency from the early to mid-Holocene,a minimum occurrence during the mid-Holocene,and a significant increase in the late Holocene.Provenance analysis indicates that the primary dust sources were the arid regions of Mesopotamia,located upwind of the study area.A comparison with proxy records and paleoclimate models suggests an inverse relationship between dust storm activity and regional hydroclimatic and vegetation changes,along with a positive correlation with wind speeds.The concentration of dust storms during the wetter month of May highlights wind speed as a more critical driving factor.Moreover,given the dominant influence of the subtropical high on hydroclimatic conditions and wind speeds in AWA,we propose that this system is the key regulator of regional dust storm dynamics.Our findings provide new insights into the drivers of dust storm activity in AWA and hold implications for developing targeted dust storm management strategies.展开更多
On February 8,2025,a remote area in the Caribbean Sea was rocked by a large M_(W)7.6(USGS,2025) earthquake,centered 209 km SSW of Georgetown,the capital of the Cayman Islands,and the largest city(population~41 000) of...On February 8,2025,a remote area in the Caribbean Sea was rocked by a large M_(W)7.6(USGS,2025) earthquake,centered 209 km SSW of Georgetown,the capital of the Cayman Islands,and the largest city(population~41 000) of the British Overseas Territories(Figure 1).The earthquake was significant due to its large magnitude,potential regional impact,and the possibility of generating a tsunami.展开更多
The subduction and closure history of the Paleo-Tethyan Ocean is of significant importance to the formation of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt.However,in West Qinling,China,the evolution of the subducted Paleo-Teth...The subduction and closure history of the Paleo-Tethyan Ocean is of significant importance to the formation of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt.However,in West Qinling,China,the evolution of the subducted Paleo-Tethyan oceanic slab in the mantle remains unclear.In this work,we determine high-resolution P-wave azimuthal anisotropic tomography of the crust and upper mantle beneath west Qinling by inverting newly collected local and teleseismic data.The local earthquakes are relocated by jointly using permanent and portable stations and weighted by their hypocentral errors during the inversion.Our model reveals a slab-like high P-wave velocity(V_(p))anomaly below 300 km depth and significant depth variations of anisotropy in the upper mantle beneath the West Qinling orogen.By comparing with previous geophysical results and integrating with geological and geochemical findings,we interpret that this high-V_(p)anomaly is most likely the subducted Mianlue oceanic slab preserved in the upper mantle and the mantle transition zone since the early Mesozoic.Beneath the Songpan-Ganzi block and the Longzhong basin,low-V anomalies with weak azimuthal anisotropy suggest a vertical mantle upwelling at a depth of 120 to 200 km,providing positive buoyancy to the subducted oceanic slab and extends its stagnation duration in the upper mantle.展开更多
Subduction initiation is a critical part of the plate tectonic system,but its geodynamic process is still poorly understood due to the lack of well-preserved geological records.Based on new zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic a...Subduction initiation is a critical part of the plate tectonic system,but its geodynamic process is still poorly understood due to the lack of well-preserved geological records.Based on new zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic and whole-rock geochemical data,we report the first discovery of a latest Cambrian–Early Ordovician forearc-arc rock sequence in the Eastern Alps.This sequence includes granitic gneisses,amphibolites,and amphibole plagiogneisses from the ophiolitic Speik Complex and Gleinalpe Complex.These rocks exhibit geochemical affinities with typical oceanic plagiogranites,forearc basalts(FABs),and island arc basalts,respectively.The latest Cambrian plagiogranitic protoliths(491±2 Ma)are shearing-type plagiogranites that were formed in the tectonic setting of forearc spreading.The latest Cambrian FABs(496–489 Ma)have similar geochemical compositions and positiveεHf(t)values(+2.5 to+14.9)to the depleted mid-ocean ridge basalts.However,they show depletion in high field strength elements(HFSEs;e.g.,Nb,Ta,and Zr)and have relatively low Ti/V ratios.These features suggest that they were derived from a depleted mantle source modified by subducting slab-released components in a forearc environment.The Early Ordovician basaltic protoliths(476–472 Ma)of amphibole plagiogneisses show enrichment in large ion lithophile elements and depletion in HFSEs(e.g.Nb,Ta,Zr,and Hf),implying a mature island arc environment.These metaigneous rocks,along with the coeval boninite-like high-Mg amphibolites near the study area,form a typical rock sequence resembling that of the Izu–Bonin–Mariana(IBM)arc system.The Speik and Gleinalpe complexes document a complete magmatic evolution from subduction initiation to mature arc development within the West Proto-Tethys Ocean.Integrating our new data with published work,we reconstruct the late Ediacaran–early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the northern Gondwana.During the late Ediacaran–early Cambrian,the rollback of the West Proto-Tethys oceanic plate triggered the separation of the Wechsel-Silvretta-Gleinalpe continental arc from the northern Gondwana.This process led to the formation of the Speik back-arc oceanic basin,a southwestern branch of the West Proto-Tethys Ocean.In the latest Cambrian–Early Ordovician,subduction initiation occurred in the Speik Ocean,which subsequently developed into an intra-oceanic arc system.During the Early Devonian,the Speik Ocean closed and the Wechsel-Silvretta-Gleinalpe continental arc reattached to the Gondwana,as evidenced by the metamorphic event at ca.400 Ma.展开更多
The article examines the diverse musical environments for older adults on the West Coast of North America,ranging from descriptions of regional variations in senior community living presented in a variety of sources,i...The article examines the diverse musical environments for older adults on the West Coast of North America,ranging from descriptions of regional variations in senior community living presented in a variety of sources,including fiction,and the place of music in institutional settings to various musical activities designed for older adults.Given that people living on the West Coast have diverse ethno-religious backgrounds,may or may not be sensitive to the music that surrounded them in their formative years at the local and national levels,and have different habits regarding listening to the radio or attending various musical events,additional aspects were taken into account,such as 1980s and 1990s music styles;ethnic musical heritage relevant to the West Coast population;classical,popular,and religious music on the radio;and affordable symphony orchestra programs.The article provides an overview that opens avenues for further exploration of its sub-topics.展开更多
Understanding the formation of lithium-rich pegmatites is critical for meeting global lithium demand.The 509 Daobanxi Li pegmatite deposit,located in the West Kunlun orogenic belt of northwestern China,represents a si...Understanding the formation of lithium-rich pegmatites is critical for meeting global lithium demand.The 509 Daobanxi Li pegmatite deposit,located in the West Kunlun orogenic belt of northwestern China,represents a significant example of an LCT-type(Li-Cs-Ta)pegmatite system.This study investigates the paragenetic sequence of lithium(Li)minerals and the factors controlling their crystallization,providing new insights into the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of rare-element pegmatites.Pegmatite dikes exhibit distinct zonation,comprising a wall rock zone,a border zone(aplitic layer),and a core zone(pegmatitic layer),with Li mineralization concentrated in the pegmatitic and aplitic layers.The primary Li minerals include spodumene(Spd),montebrasite(Mbs),eucryptite(Ecr),elbaite(Elb),and lepidolite(Lpd),which crystallize in the order of spodumene→montebrasite→elbaite→lepidolite.Spodumene,the dominant Li-bearing mineral,crystallizes from a Li-saturated melt during the magmatic stage.Montebrasite,a Li-phosphate mineral,forms in P-rich environments,coexisting with spodumene and columbite-group minerals(CGM).During the magmatic-hydrothermal transition,elbaite crystallizes from a B-rich melt,exhibiting skeletal and patchy zoning due to undercooling and disequilibrium crystallization.Hydrothermal alteration leads to the breakdown of spodumene and the formation of secondary minerals such as eucryptite and lepidolite,with lepidolite being the final Li-bearing phase,enriched in fluorine.The coupled dissolution-precipitation processes during the magmatic-hydrothermal transition play a critical role in the remobilization and enrichment of rare elements such as Li,Nb,Ta,and Sn.This deposit,characterized by spodumene crystallization in the Spd+Quartz stability field(≥300 MPa,≤725℃)and subsequent alteration to Ecr+quartz assemblages(<270℃,<160 MPa),exhibits broader temperature-pressure conditions exceeding typical global pegmatites like Tanco,with no petalite formation observed due to its persistent exclusion from petalite stability fields throughout mineralization.The shear zone controls the pegmatite emplacement and lithium enrichment in the 509 Daobanxi lithium deposit,and its deformation-fluid coupling mechanism provides new insights for the exploration of LCT pegmatite deposits.The present study highlights the importance of understanding both magmatic and hydrothermal processes in the formation of LCT-type pegmatites and provides valuable insights for the exploration of critical metal resources in similar geological settings.展开更多
This paper examines the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West through the lens of rational choice theory,with a particular focus on the logic of cultivation and behavioral decision-making.By incorporating the noti...This paper examines the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West through the lens of rational choice theory,with a particular focus on the logic of cultivation and behavioral decision-making.By incorporating the notion of“inner cultivation”(xin xing xiulian)into the analytical framework,we introduce the concept of the“cultivating economic agent,”aiming to explore how rationality is generated,evolved,and transcended throughout the spiritual journey.The study argues that,in the context of Eastern culture,rationality is not merely an innate or static faculty but one that can be cultivated and transformed.Through textual analysis of the behavioral trajectories of Sun Wukong,Zhu Bajie,and Tang Sanzang,we uncover a structured behavioral logic of“goal orientation–institutional discipline–purification of the mind.”The findings suggest that although cultivation behaviors are not utilitarian decisions per se,they exhibit rational characteristics such as goal stability,autonomous will,and embedded incentives.展开更多
Today,more than 90%of children who are born with congenital heart disease survive and reach adulthood,especially in developed countries.Consequently,the population of adults with congenital heart disease has increased...Today,more than 90%of children who are born with congenital heart disease survive and reach adulthood,especially in developed countries.Consequently,the population of adults with congenital heart disease has increased signiffcantly over the last few decades.In Latin America and the Caribbean countries,this same scenario is occurring at an accelerated pace.Loss to follow-up is a global problem in adults with congenital heart disease,ranging from 30–60%.In Latin America and Caribbean countries,it is estimated that less than 10%of adults with congenital heart disease are being followed.The small number of specialists and adult congenital heart disease specialized centers,as well as virtually nonexistent transition and transfer programs,are some of the reasons for this.This article is a narrative review of the current status of the transition and transfer of young adults with congenital heart disease,with a special focus on Latin America and Caribbean countries.It describes the general concepts of transition and transfer,analyzes barriers and,ffnally,presents specialized care alternatives that would reduce losses and improve this population’s care.展开更多
文摘Multiple regions of the genome have been associated with the risk of prostate cancer in Caucasians, particularly including several polymorphisms located at 8q24. Region 2 of 8q24 has been repeatedly found to be associated with the risk of prostate cancer among men of African descent, although one study performed in the Caribbean island of Jamaica did not report this finding. In this study, the single nucleotide polymorphism rs16901979, located in region 2 of 8q24, was genotyped in 498 cases of histologically confirmed prostate cancer and 541 controls from the French Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe, where the population is largely of African descent. The AA genotype and the A allele at rs16901979 were associated with elevated risks of prostate cancer （odds ratios [ORs] = 1.84, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.26-2.69, P= 0.002 and OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.13-1.64, P= 0.001, respectively）. Following stratification of the patients by disease aggressiveness, as defined by the Gleason score, the pooled genotypes AC ＋ AA were associated with a higher risk of a Gleasen score 〉7 at diagnosis （OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.17-2.73, P= 0.007）. In summary, the A allele at rs16901979 was associated with the risk of prostate cancer in the Caribbean population of Guadeloupe, confirming its involvement in populations of African descent. Moreover, our study provides the first evidence of an association between this variant and the risk of aggressive prostate cancer.
基金the support of“Investissements d’Avenir”of the French National Agency for Research(CEBA,ref.ANR-10-LABX-25-01).
文摘The lancehead (Bothrops lanceolatus) is a poisonous snake endemic to Martinique, an island in the Lesser Antilles arc. Today, this snake is on the verge of extinction. The recorded number of snakes killed yearly between 1970 and 2002 decreased by 97%. Despite the production of an antivenom in 1993, the local authorities set up a financial reward to encourage the eradication of lancehead snakes. Today the local population still perceives the snake as a threat, due to its fatal venom and its fierce behaviour. The case study of the lancehead in Martinique highlights the need to develop integrated strategies to conserve species of poisonous snakes on densely populated islands. This requires innovative, cross-sectoral strategies that involve decision-makers working along with multi-disciplinary scientists. Approaching the complexity of ecosystems through the socio-ecological prism implies, conversely, linking up the domains of science and technology, life and environmental sciences, and human and social sciences, through interactions based on sharing common
文摘The Caribbean presents a wide range of opportunities with varying potential to contribute to the Gross National Incomes of the countries.However,the tourism industry remains a key source of income but is vulnerable to disasters and other upheavals.There are alternatives to sustainable growth such as the blue economy with the potential for hydrogen extraction from the Caribbean Sea,which can make a signi fiicant contribution.The Caribbean Transshipment Triangle boasts signi fiicant port infrastructure that plays a crucial role in transporting goods and has the potential to become hydrogen hubs.The aim of this research is to examine the potential for countries in the region to develop this industry.A quantitative methodology was employed to examine the correlation between renewable energy and economic growth among six major transshipment countries in the Caribbean transshipment triangle,from 2010 to 2020.The study employed the Pearson correlation coef fiicient to analyze the data collected from these countries.The fiindings indicated that the Dominican Republic and Panama had the highest correlation between renewable energy and economic growth.Speci fiically,Jamaica,Panama,and the Dominican Republic demonstrated a moderate to high correlation between Renewable Power Capacity(RPC)and GDP.Consequently,investing in port infrastructure to facilitate hydrogen production,storage,distribution,and export could have positive effects on these economies.These fiindings are of interest to governments,managers,professionals,policymakers,and investors in the power generation sector.The research supports visions of a resilient blue economy and addresses sustainable development concerns in the Caribbean region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42375024).
文摘As one of the strongest convection bands in the Southern Hemisphere,the South Pacific Convergence Zone(SPCZ)substantially influences the variabilities in the atmospheric circulation and Antarctic climate.In this study,it is revealed that the intensity of the SPCZ can change the characteristics of sea ice in the West Antarctica during austral autumn,which is significantly independent of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).Observational and numerical results suggest that a stronger-than-usual SPCZ can generate a poleward-propagating Rossby wave train along a great circular route and induce a weakening of the Amundsen Sea Low(ASL)near West Antarctica,which may somewhat offset the teleconnections exerted by ENSO.These changes in the strength and zonal extent of ASL is noticeable and robustly lead to a tripole response of sea-ice perturbations in the Ross,Amundsen,and Weddell Seas.We find that the wind-driven dynamical processes determine the local sea-ice changes,while the influence from thermodynamic processes is trivial.This research underscores the need to consider the SPCZ variability for a comprehensive understanding of sea-ice changes in West Antarctica on interannual timescales.
文摘Latin America and the Caribbean(hereinafter referred to as“LAC”)is an important part of the Global South.It is the region where developing countries that achieved independence the earliest and initiated their modernization process the earliest are located.LAC modernization has a history of over 150 years.In this process,it has been profoundly influenced by Western theories such as classical liberalism and neoliberalism.
文摘On June 20,the 7th China-Latin America and Caribbean Think Tank Forum was held in Beijing.The forum carried the theme“Working Together to Build a China-LAC Community with a Shared Future.”Assistant Foreign Minister Miao Deyu attended the opening ceremony and delivered remarks.Leonel Caraballo Maqueira,Vice President of the Cuban Diplomatic Academy,and Martin Charles,Ambassador of Dominica to China and Representative of the Latin American and Caribbean Diplomatic Corps in China,attended the meeting and delivered speeches.
文摘As a geopolitical bloc,the West is suffering unprecedented shocks.Once shared values are beginning to collapse,the shared security concept is rapidly diverging,and the shared view of order is also tending to disintegrate.There are more and more claims in the world,especially within the West,that the West has come to an end.Whether the West has ended or is heading toward its end is still a matter of opinion.However,it is undeniable that major problems have emerged within the West and some fundamental changes have taken place.Moreover,due to their structural reasons,these changes are not temporary and are likely to be a long-term trend.The West has long played an important role in many areas such as international politics,economy,and security.Its major changes will inevitably have a profound impact on the world order.The West will be further divided,and the opposition and confrontation between the West and non-West may tend to fade.The multipolarization of the world and the democratization of international relations will accelerate.
文摘Key West is in the state of Florida.It is the southernmost city in the USA.That means it is the city farthest to the south.It is very close to Cuba,another country.
基金Sponsored by Key Project of Hangzhou Science and Technology Bureau(20191203B78).
文摘The West Lake area and water system in West Lake scenic area of Hangzhou City directly affect the soil properties of waterfront lawn beds,which in turn have a significant impact on the growth of waterfront lawns.In order to further improve the quality of lawns,the conditions of 10 waterfront lawn beds in West Lake scenic area were tested and analyzed.The results showed that the waterfront lawn beds in West Lake scenic area were prone to salinization,with moderate or high pH values,moderate overall organic matter content,relatively sufficient nitrogen and phosphorus elements,and relatively deficient potassium elements.The contents of exchangeable calcium in all samples were higher than the lower limit,and the contents of exchangeable sodium,exchangeable magnesium,and available manganese in the soil were moderate or low,while the contents of available copper were moderate or high.
文摘The increased erosion of mangrove forests has alarmed the government about the damage to both the economy and livelihoods.To evaluated forest and land erosion the coast.Based on survey data is divided into five levels(F1:no erosion;F2:little erosion;F3:moderate erosion;F4:high erosion;F5:strong erosion),and ecological conditions,the coast is divided into sub-regions for investigation.From the surveyed indicators at each erosion level,forest structure is analyzed for comparison.The erosion level is defined as an erosion function(Er)from 1 to 5(+),where(1)parameters include the number of trees per hectare(Ntr/ha),height to top(Ht),trunk diameter at 1.3 m(D1.3),tree canopy diameter(Dc),and width of the forest range(Wf);(2)land erosion is a function(Erl=Erlte+Erlsa+Erlsi+Erlcl),with parameters including erosion by terrain(Erlte),sand(Erlsa),silt(Erlsi),and clay(Erlcl);and(3)climate change leading to erosion is an inverse function(Cl)from 1 to 5(-),with parameters including erosion by rainfall(Clra),wind(Clwi),waves(Clwa),and tide(Clti).The resulting function output is Er=(Erf+Erl)-Cl.On eroded forest land,species were tested under climate change conditions and their growth in the next rainy season to assess survival rates affected by rainfall,waves,wind,and tides.These results help to plan planting mangrove forest anti-erosion models and construct a theoretical function of mangrove erosion and proposes restore forests using pioneer species.
基金Supported by the Anhui Province Graduate Education Quality Engineering Project(2022jyjxggyj168)Anhui Province Higher Education Provincial-Level Quality Engineering Major Project(2022jcbs020)Anhui Province Higher Education Provincial-Level Quality Engineering General Project(2022jyxm527).
文摘In order to understand the transmission mechanism of West Nile virus(WNv)in birds(especially crows)and mosquitoes populations,this paper extends the traditional ordinary differential model of WNv to a reaction-diffusion system with more complex cross-diffusion.We explore the relationship between the basic reproduction number and cross-diffusion coefficients involving various parameters,and investigate the effect of vertical transmission of the virus on the transmission mechanism.We use the method of upper and lower solutions to investigate the existence of the coexistence solutions.The theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show that the WNv carried by birds and mosquitoes will coexist when the low-risk threshold R0*≥1,which is a disadvantage to the prevention and control of this virus,and disappear when the high-risk threshold R*0≤1,which is an advantage to that.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42201170Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST,No.2022QNRC001。
文摘Arid West Asia(AWA)is a critical hub of the Silk Road and one of the primary dust source regions in the Northern Hemisphere.Dust storms in AWA emitting substantial dust particles into the atmosphere,significantly influencing air quality,climate change and marine productivity.However,the variability of dust storm activity in this region during the Holocene,particularly its links to vegetation and hydroclimatic changes,remains debated,hindering our understanding of the interconnected dynamics between climate change and surface environments.This study reconstructs dust storm variations in AWA over the past 9000 years using geochemical analyses(trace elements,Sr-Nd isotopes)from a well-dated,high-resolution sediment core from the Almalou Peatland,located on the western Iranian Plateau.Our results reveal a decline in dust storm frequency from the early to mid-Holocene,a minimum occurrence during the mid-Holocene,and a significant increase in the late Holocene.Provenance analysis indicates that the primary dust sources were the arid regions of Mesopotamia,located upwind of the study area.A comparison with proxy records and paleoclimate models suggests an inverse relationship between dust storm activity and regional hydroclimatic and vegetation changes,along with a positive correlation with wind speeds.The concentration of dust storms during the wetter month of May highlights wind speed as a more critical driving factor.Moreover,given the dominant influence of the subtropical high on hydroclimatic conditions and wind speeds in AWA,we propose that this system is the key regulator of regional dust storm dynamics.Our findings provide new insights into the drivers of dust storm activity in AWA and hold implications for developing targeted dust storm management strategies.
文摘On February 8,2025,a remote area in the Caribbean Sea was rocked by a large M_(W)7.6(USGS,2025) earthquake,centered 209 km SSW of Georgetown,the capital of the Cayman Islands,and the largest city(population~41 000) of the British Overseas Territories(Figure 1).The earthquake was significant due to its large magnitude,potential regional impact,and the possibility of generating a tsunami.
基金supported by the Geological Investigation Project(DD20250209005,DD20242873,and DD20221643)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42074112,4171101169 and 42174117)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(No.19H01996).
文摘The subduction and closure history of the Paleo-Tethyan Ocean is of significant importance to the formation of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt.However,in West Qinling,China,the evolution of the subducted Paleo-Tethyan oceanic slab in the mantle remains unclear.In this work,we determine high-resolution P-wave azimuthal anisotropic tomography of the crust and upper mantle beneath west Qinling by inverting newly collected local and teleseismic data.The local earthquakes are relocated by jointly using permanent and portable stations and weighted by their hypocentral errors during the inversion.Our model reveals a slab-like high P-wave velocity(V_(p))anomaly below 300 km depth and significant depth variations of anisotropy in the upper mantle beneath the West Qinling orogen.By comparing with previous geophysical results and integrating with geological and geochemical findings,we interpret that this high-V_(p)anomaly is most likely the subducted Mianlue oceanic slab preserved in the upper mantle and the mantle transition zone since the early Mesozoic.Beneath the Songpan-Ganzi block and the Longzhong basin,low-V anomalies with weak azimuthal anisotropy suggest a vertical mantle upwelling at a depth of 120 to 200 km,providing positive buoyancy to the subducted oceanic slab and extends its stagnation duration in the upper mantle.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42272244 and 91755212)Taishan Scholars(Grant No.ts20190918).
文摘Subduction initiation is a critical part of the plate tectonic system,but its geodynamic process is still poorly understood due to the lack of well-preserved geological records.Based on new zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic and whole-rock geochemical data,we report the first discovery of a latest Cambrian–Early Ordovician forearc-arc rock sequence in the Eastern Alps.This sequence includes granitic gneisses,amphibolites,and amphibole plagiogneisses from the ophiolitic Speik Complex and Gleinalpe Complex.These rocks exhibit geochemical affinities with typical oceanic plagiogranites,forearc basalts(FABs),and island arc basalts,respectively.The latest Cambrian plagiogranitic protoliths(491±2 Ma)are shearing-type plagiogranites that were formed in the tectonic setting of forearc spreading.The latest Cambrian FABs(496–489 Ma)have similar geochemical compositions and positiveεHf(t)values(+2.5 to+14.9)to the depleted mid-ocean ridge basalts.However,they show depletion in high field strength elements(HFSEs;e.g.,Nb,Ta,and Zr)and have relatively low Ti/V ratios.These features suggest that they were derived from a depleted mantle source modified by subducting slab-released components in a forearc environment.The Early Ordovician basaltic protoliths(476–472 Ma)of amphibole plagiogneisses show enrichment in large ion lithophile elements and depletion in HFSEs(e.g.Nb,Ta,Zr,and Hf),implying a mature island arc environment.These metaigneous rocks,along with the coeval boninite-like high-Mg amphibolites near the study area,form a typical rock sequence resembling that of the Izu–Bonin–Mariana(IBM)arc system.The Speik and Gleinalpe complexes document a complete magmatic evolution from subduction initiation to mature arc development within the West Proto-Tethys Ocean.Integrating our new data with published work,we reconstruct the late Ediacaran–early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the northern Gondwana.During the late Ediacaran–early Cambrian,the rollback of the West Proto-Tethys oceanic plate triggered the separation of the Wechsel-Silvretta-Gleinalpe continental arc from the northern Gondwana.This process led to the formation of the Speik back-arc oceanic basin,a southwestern branch of the West Proto-Tethys Ocean.In the latest Cambrian–Early Ordovician,subduction initiation occurred in the Speik Ocean,which subsequently developed into an intra-oceanic arc system.During the Early Devonian,the Speik Ocean closed and the Wechsel-Silvretta-Gleinalpe continental arc reattached to the Gondwana,as evidenced by the metamorphic event at ca.400 Ma.
文摘The article examines the diverse musical environments for older adults on the West Coast of North America,ranging from descriptions of regional variations in senior community living presented in a variety of sources,including fiction,and the place of music in institutional settings to various musical activities designed for older adults.Given that people living on the West Coast have diverse ethno-religious backgrounds,may or may not be sensitive to the music that surrounded them in their formative years at the local and national levels,and have different habits regarding listening to the radio or attending various musical events,additional aspects were taken into account,such as 1980s and 1990s music styles;ethnic musical heritage relevant to the West Coast population;classical,popular,and religious music on the radio;and affordable symphony orchestra programs.The article provides an overview that opens avenues for further exploration of its sub-topics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42250202,92162323,42272075)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(No.24lgqb01).
文摘Understanding the formation of lithium-rich pegmatites is critical for meeting global lithium demand.The 509 Daobanxi Li pegmatite deposit,located in the West Kunlun orogenic belt of northwestern China,represents a significant example of an LCT-type(Li-Cs-Ta)pegmatite system.This study investigates the paragenetic sequence of lithium(Li)minerals and the factors controlling their crystallization,providing new insights into the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of rare-element pegmatites.Pegmatite dikes exhibit distinct zonation,comprising a wall rock zone,a border zone(aplitic layer),and a core zone(pegmatitic layer),with Li mineralization concentrated in the pegmatitic and aplitic layers.The primary Li minerals include spodumene(Spd),montebrasite(Mbs),eucryptite(Ecr),elbaite(Elb),and lepidolite(Lpd),which crystallize in the order of spodumene→montebrasite→elbaite→lepidolite.Spodumene,the dominant Li-bearing mineral,crystallizes from a Li-saturated melt during the magmatic stage.Montebrasite,a Li-phosphate mineral,forms in P-rich environments,coexisting with spodumene and columbite-group minerals(CGM).During the magmatic-hydrothermal transition,elbaite crystallizes from a B-rich melt,exhibiting skeletal and patchy zoning due to undercooling and disequilibrium crystallization.Hydrothermal alteration leads to the breakdown of spodumene and the formation of secondary minerals such as eucryptite and lepidolite,with lepidolite being the final Li-bearing phase,enriched in fluorine.The coupled dissolution-precipitation processes during the magmatic-hydrothermal transition play a critical role in the remobilization and enrichment of rare elements such as Li,Nb,Ta,and Sn.This deposit,characterized by spodumene crystallization in the Spd+Quartz stability field(≥300 MPa,≤725℃)and subsequent alteration to Ecr+quartz assemblages(<270℃,<160 MPa),exhibits broader temperature-pressure conditions exceeding typical global pegmatites like Tanco,with no petalite formation observed due to its persistent exclusion from petalite stability fields throughout mineralization.The shear zone controls the pegmatite emplacement and lithium enrichment in the 509 Daobanxi lithium deposit,and its deformation-fluid coupling mechanism provides new insights for the exploration of LCT pegmatite deposits.The present study highlights the importance of understanding both magmatic and hydrothermal processes in the formation of LCT-type pegmatites and provides valuable insights for the exploration of critical metal resources in similar geological settings.
文摘This paper examines the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West through the lens of rational choice theory,with a particular focus on the logic of cultivation and behavioral decision-making.By incorporating the notion of“inner cultivation”(xin xing xiulian)into the analytical framework,we introduce the concept of the“cultivating economic agent,”aiming to explore how rationality is generated,evolved,and transcended throughout the spiritual journey.The study argues that,in the context of Eastern culture,rationality is not merely an innate or static faculty but one that can be cultivated and transformed.Through textual analysis of the behavioral trajectories of Sun Wukong,Zhu Bajie,and Tang Sanzang,we uncover a structured behavioral logic of“goal orientation–institutional discipline–purification of the mind.”The findings suggest that although cultivation behaviors are not utilitarian decisions per se,they exhibit rational characteristics such as goal stability,autonomous will,and embedded incentives.
文摘Today,more than 90%of children who are born with congenital heart disease survive and reach adulthood,especially in developed countries.Consequently,the population of adults with congenital heart disease has increased signiffcantly over the last few decades.In Latin America and the Caribbean countries,this same scenario is occurring at an accelerated pace.Loss to follow-up is a global problem in adults with congenital heart disease,ranging from 30–60%.In Latin America and Caribbean countries,it is estimated that less than 10%of adults with congenital heart disease are being followed.The small number of specialists and adult congenital heart disease specialized centers,as well as virtually nonexistent transition and transfer programs,are some of the reasons for this.This article is a narrative review of the current status of the transition and transfer of young adults with congenital heart disease,with a special focus on Latin America and Caribbean countries.It describes the general concepts of transition and transfer,analyzes barriers and,ffnally,presents specialized care alternatives that would reduce losses and improve this population’s care.
