The occurrence of cardiovascular illness in the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)community is increasing,with a particular focus on coronary heart disease.Patients infected with HIV have a higher risk of myocardial in...The occurrence of cardiovascular illness in the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)community is increasing,with a particular focus on coronary heart disease.Patients infected with HIV have a higher risk of myocardial infarction compared to the general population in modern countries due to the development of effective antiretroviral medications and increased life expectancy.Those not receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy(ART)may experience common cardiac consequences,including myocarditis,dilated cardiomyopathy,endocarditis,pulmonary hypertension,pericardial effusion,and cardiotoxicity associated with non-antiretroviral drugs.After the use of highly active ART,continuing immune activation and systemic inflammation seem to play a central role in this process.Recent studies suggest that protease inhibitors might negatively impact the progression of HIV-related heart failure(HF),which complicates the determination of the best therapy strategy for HIVassociated cardiomyopathy.The objective of this review is to examine the pathophysiology and correlation of various antiretroviral drugs leading to HIV-associated HF.Additionally,we explore the causes of HIV-associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,including the high frequency of classic cardiovascular risk factors in HIVinfected patients,as well as HIV-related factors like the use of ART and chronic inflammation despite successful treatment of HIV infection.Numerous studies have revealed that individuals living with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome frequently experience HF.In conclusion,despite advancements in HIV care,HIV-infected individuals continue to face an increased risk of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis.Further research is necessary to comprehend the underlying causes and develop effective treatments for cardiovascular disease in this population.We also discuss the currently available therapeutic options and ongoing research to mitigate the risk of cardiovascular disease and inflammation in HIV-infected individuals.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac disorders are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. <strong>Aim: </strong>The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of echocard...<strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac disorders are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. <strong>Aim: </strong>The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of echocardiographic and scintigraphy investigation in cardiovascular disorders detection and evaluation, including ischemic heart disease (IHD) diagnosis at King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia. <strong>Methods: </strong>157 patients (male/ female: 68%/32%;mean age 64 ± 0.83 years) were included in the report in the current study. All subjects underwent gated myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and standard Echocardiography.<strong> Results: </strong>About 84% of cases were diagnosed with any types of cardiac disorders by Echocardiography, whereas through scintigraphy, 61% of patients were detected cardiac disorders. The age stratification did not impact the prevalence of cardiac disorders detected by them. Scintigraphy showed a higher detection rate (59%), while only 29% of cases were detected with IHD by eco-cardiograph. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> In conclusion, both techniques, namely standard Echocardiography, and myocardial scintigraphy, are useful in the evaluation and detection of cardiac disorders in patients having any type of cardiac problems. Both investigations showed a differential pattern in cardiac disorders diagnosis with a particular focus on IHD. Gender differences and age stratification also contributed to this differential pattern of diagnosis. <strong>Trial Registration:</strong> The research doesn’t include experiments in humans or animals. It is a retrospective study for data record review as an observational study, so no trial registration is required.展开更多
Cardiac disorders, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arrhythmias, are marked causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis and effective management of these conditions are crucial for ...Cardiac disorders, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arrhythmias, are marked causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis and effective management of these conditions are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Biomarkers, which are measurable biological indicators, have emerged as essential tools in the diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification of cardiac diseases. Among the well-established biomarkers, cardiac troponins (cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin T) exhibit high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of myocardial infarction, and recent advances have improved early diagnosis and risk evaluation. B-type natriuretic peptide and its precursor N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide play critical roles in the diagnosis and management of heart failure;elevated levels of these factors indicate poor prognosis and can guide therapeutic decision-making. Additionally, C-reactive protein levels have been widely used in cardiovascular risk assessment and show high sensitivity. Emerging biomarkers, such as galectin-3, suppression of tumorigenicity 2, and microRNAs, show promise in enhancing the prediction of heart failure, assessment of myocardial stress, and detection of cardiac conditions in early stages. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of these biomarkers, highlighting their clinical applications and limitations, as well as the integration of these biomarkers with imaging techniques. This review also explores the potential for future research aimed at developing personalized treatment strategies based on biomarker profiles. Biomarkers are becoming increasingly vital in optimizing cardiac care and improving patient outcomes through more targeted and individualized approaches.展开更多
Gut microbiota has a significant role in gut development,maturation,and immune system differentiation.It exerts considerable effects on the child's physical and mental development.The gut microbiota composition an...Gut microbiota has a significant role in gut development,maturation,and immune system differentiation.It exerts considerable effects on the child's physical and mental development.The gut microbiota composition and structure depend on many host and microbial factors.The host factors include age,genetic pool,general health,dietary factors,medication use,the intestine's pH,peristalsis,and transit time,mucus secretions,mucous immunoglobulin,and tissue oxidation-reduction potentials.The microbial factors include nutrient availability,bacterial cooperation or antagonism,and bacterial adhesion.Each part of the gut has its microbiota due to its specific characteristics.The gut microbiota interacts with different body parts,affecting the pathogenesis of many local and systemic diseases.Dysbiosis is a common finding in many childhood disorders such as autism,failure to thrive,nutritional disorders,coeliac disease,Necrotizing Enterocolitis,helicobacter pylori infection,functional gastrointestinal disorders of childhood,inflammatory bowel diseases,and many other gastrointestinal disorders.Dysbiosis is also observed in allergic conditions like atopic dermatitis,allergic rhinitis,and asthma.Dysbiosis can also impact the development and the progression of immune disorders and cardiac disorders,including heart failure.Probiotic supplements could provide some help in managing these disorders.However,we are still in need of more studies.In this narrative review,we will shed some light on the role of microbiota in the development and management of common childhood disorders.展开更多
Objectives: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and etiological aspects of rhythmic emergencies at the University Hospital of Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study conduct...Objectives: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and etiological aspects of rhythmic emergencies at the University Hospital of Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted in the cardiology and internal medicine department of the University Hospital of Brazzaville from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2016. Were included, all patients admitted for a severe rhythm disorder diagnosed on the surface electrocardiogram. Rhythmic emergency was defined as a severe rhythm disorder of abrupt onset and required rapid management. Data entry and analysis were performed with Epi Info software version 3.5.1. Results: During the study period, 2269 patients were hospitalized, including 138 for a rhythmic emergency. The frequency of rhythmic emergencies was 6.1%. The patients were divided into 76 women and 62 men (sex ratio = 0.81). The mean age of the patients was 63.1 ± 16.9 years (extremes: 17 and 91 years). The socio-economic level was low for 103 patients (74.6%), medium for 26 (17.7%), and high for nine (6.6%). The average time to consultation was 13.7 ± 12.3 days. On admission, the signs were: heart failure (103 cases;74.6%) including 22 acute cases;dyspnea (94 cases;68%);palpitations (38 cases;27.5%);functional impotence (13 cases;9.4%);collapse (nine cases;6.5%);chest pain (two cases;1.4%). The type of rhythmic emergency was: rapid atrial fibrillation (103 cases;74.6%), ventricular tachycardia (14 cases;10.1%), junctional tachycardia (10 cases;7.2%), rapid atrial flutter (10 cases;7.2%), tachysystole (one case;0.7%). The context of occurrence was: hypokalemia (8 cases;5.8%), drunkenness (two cases;1.4%), acute gastroenteritis (one case;0.7%). Cardiovascular risk factors were: hypertension (62 cases;45.2%), smoking (17 cases;12.1%), dyslipidemia (12 cases;8.7%), diabetes (11 cases;8%), obesity (10 cases;7.2%). Underlying heart disease was: dilated cardiomyopathy (40 cases;29%), hypertensive cardiomyopathy (26 cases;18.8%), valvulopathy (24 cases;17.4%). Ischemic heart disease, chronic pulmonary heart disease, and cardiothyreosis were noted equally (n = 5;3.6%). No heart disease was noted in 24 patients (17.4%). Conclusion: Rhythmic emergencies are frequent in Brazzaville. They are dominated by atrial fibrillation and often occur on heart disease.展开更多
Sudden cardiac death(SCD),accounting for a substantial part of the forensic autopsy,is a leading cause of mortality worldwide.Lethal arrhythmia due to sodium channel diseases is recognized as one of the most prevalent...Sudden cardiac death(SCD),accounting for a substantial part of the forensic autopsy,is a leading cause of mortality worldwide.Lethal arrhythmia due to sodium channel diseases is recognized as one of the most prevalent etiologies of SCD.In these disorders,defective cardiomyocytes,including the pacemaker and the working cardiomyocytes,would manifest as abnormal electrical activity and morphology,thereby predisposing individuals to SCD.It is always a problem for forensic pathologists to adjudicate a sudden death caused by sodium channel diseases since structural changes in those cases are often inconspicuous.With the advent of the molecular autopsy,forensic pathologists can conduct targeted gene testing to identify the risk of SCD for family members of the probands.This review aims to discuss the relationship between SCD and sodium channel diseases,clarify the underlying mechanisms,and provide prophylactic suggestions for the relatives of SCD patients at risk.展开更多
文摘The occurrence of cardiovascular illness in the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)community is increasing,with a particular focus on coronary heart disease.Patients infected with HIV have a higher risk of myocardial infarction compared to the general population in modern countries due to the development of effective antiretroviral medications and increased life expectancy.Those not receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy(ART)may experience common cardiac consequences,including myocarditis,dilated cardiomyopathy,endocarditis,pulmonary hypertension,pericardial effusion,and cardiotoxicity associated with non-antiretroviral drugs.After the use of highly active ART,continuing immune activation and systemic inflammation seem to play a central role in this process.Recent studies suggest that protease inhibitors might negatively impact the progression of HIV-related heart failure(HF),which complicates the determination of the best therapy strategy for HIVassociated cardiomyopathy.The objective of this review is to examine the pathophysiology and correlation of various antiretroviral drugs leading to HIV-associated HF.Additionally,we explore the causes of HIV-associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,including the high frequency of classic cardiovascular risk factors in HIVinfected patients,as well as HIV-related factors like the use of ART and chronic inflammation despite successful treatment of HIV infection.Numerous studies have revealed that individuals living with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome frequently experience HF.In conclusion,despite advancements in HIV care,HIV-infected individuals continue to face an increased risk of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis.Further research is necessary to comprehend the underlying causes and develop effective treatments for cardiovascular disease in this population.We also discuss the currently available therapeutic options and ongoing research to mitigate the risk of cardiovascular disease and inflammation in HIV-infected individuals.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac disorders are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. <strong>Aim: </strong>The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of echocardiographic and scintigraphy investigation in cardiovascular disorders detection and evaluation, including ischemic heart disease (IHD) diagnosis at King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia. <strong>Methods: </strong>157 patients (male/ female: 68%/32%;mean age 64 ± 0.83 years) were included in the report in the current study. All subjects underwent gated myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and standard Echocardiography.<strong> Results: </strong>About 84% of cases were diagnosed with any types of cardiac disorders by Echocardiography, whereas through scintigraphy, 61% of patients were detected cardiac disorders. The age stratification did not impact the prevalence of cardiac disorders detected by them. Scintigraphy showed a higher detection rate (59%), while only 29% of cases were detected with IHD by eco-cardiograph. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> In conclusion, both techniques, namely standard Echocardiography, and myocardial scintigraphy, are useful in the evaluation and detection of cardiac disorders in patients having any type of cardiac problems. Both investigations showed a differential pattern in cardiac disorders diagnosis with a particular focus on IHD. Gender differences and age stratification also contributed to this differential pattern of diagnosis. <strong>Trial Registration:</strong> The research doesn’t include experiments in humans or animals. It is a retrospective study for data record review as an observational study, so no trial registration is required.
文摘Cardiac disorders, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arrhythmias, are marked causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis and effective management of these conditions are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Biomarkers, which are measurable biological indicators, have emerged as essential tools in the diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification of cardiac diseases. Among the well-established biomarkers, cardiac troponins (cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin T) exhibit high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of myocardial infarction, and recent advances have improved early diagnosis and risk evaluation. B-type natriuretic peptide and its precursor N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide play critical roles in the diagnosis and management of heart failure;elevated levels of these factors indicate poor prognosis and can guide therapeutic decision-making. Additionally, C-reactive protein levels have been widely used in cardiovascular risk assessment and show high sensitivity. Emerging biomarkers, such as galectin-3, suppression of tumorigenicity 2, and microRNAs, show promise in enhancing the prediction of heart failure, assessment of myocardial stress, and detection of cardiac conditions in early stages. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of these biomarkers, highlighting their clinical applications and limitations, as well as the integration of these biomarkers with imaging techniques. This review also explores the potential for future research aimed at developing personalized treatment strategies based on biomarker profiles. Biomarkers are becoming increasingly vital in optimizing cardiac care and improving patient outcomes through more targeted and individualized approaches.
文摘Gut microbiota has a significant role in gut development,maturation,and immune system differentiation.It exerts considerable effects on the child's physical and mental development.The gut microbiota composition and structure depend on many host and microbial factors.The host factors include age,genetic pool,general health,dietary factors,medication use,the intestine's pH,peristalsis,and transit time,mucus secretions,mucous immunoglobulin,and tissue oxidation-reduction potentials.The microbial factors include nutrient availability,bacterial cooperation or antagonism,and bacterial adhesion.Each part of the gut has its microbiota due to its specific characteristics.The gut microbiota interacts with different body parts,affecting the pathogenesis of many local and systemic diseases.Dysbiosis is a common finding in many childhood disorders such as autism,failure to thrive,nutritional disorders,coeliac disease,Necrotizing Enterocolitis,helicobacter pylori infection,functional gastrointestinal disorders of childhood,inflammatory bowel diseases,and many other gastrointestinal disorders.Dysbiosis is also observed in allergic conditions like atopic dermatitis,allergic rhinitis,and asthma.Dysbiosis can also impact the development and the progression of immune disorders and cardiac disorders,including heart failure.Probiotic supplements could provide some help in managing these disorders.However,we are still in need of more studies.In this narrative review,we will shed some light on the role of microbiota in the development and management of common childhood disorders.
文摘Objectives: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and etiological aspects of rhythmic emergencies at the University Hospital of Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted in the cardiology and internal medicine department of the University Hospital of Brazzaville from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2016. Were included, all patients admitted for a severe rhythm disorder diagnosed on the surface electrocardiogram. Rhythmic emergency was defined as a severe rhythm disorder of abrupt onset and required rapid management. Data entry and analysis were performed with Epi Info software version 3.5.1. Results: During the study period, 2269 patients were hospitalized, including 138 for a rhythmic emergency. The frequency of rhythmic emergencies was 6.1%. The patients were divided into 76 women and 62 men (sex ratio = 0.81). The mean age of the patients was 63.1 ± 16.9 years (extremes: 17 and 91 years). The socio-economic level was low for 103 patients (74.6%), medium for 26 (17.7%), and high for nine (6.6%). The average time to consultation was 13.7 ± 12.3 days. On admission, the signs were: heart failure (103 cases;74.6%) including 22 acute cases;dyspnea (94 cases;68%);palpitations (38 cases;27.5%);functional impotence (13 cases;9.4%);collapse (nine cases;6.5%);chest pain (two cases;1.4%). The type of rhythmic emergency was: rapid atrial fibrillation (103 cases;74.6%), ventricular tachycardia (14 cases;10.1%), junctional tachycardia (10 cases;7.2%), rapid atrial flutter (10 cases;7.2%), tachysystole (one case;0.7%). The context of occurrence was: hypokalemia (8 cases;5.8%), drunkenness (two cases;1.4%), acute gastroenteritis (one case;0.7%). Cardiovascular risk factors were: hypertension (62 cases;45.2%), smoking (17 cases;12.1%), dyslipidemia (12 cases;8.7%), diabetes (11 cases;8%), obesity (10 cases;7.2%). Underlying heart disease was: dilated cardiomyopathy (40 cases;29%), hypertensive cardiomyopathy (26 cases;18.8%), valvulopathy (24 cases;17.4%). Ischemic heart disease, chronic pulmonary heart disease, and cardiothyreosis were noted equally (n = 5;3.6%). No heart disease was noted in 24 patients (17.4%). Conclusion: Rhythmic emergencies are frequent in Brazzaville. They are dominated by atrial fibrillation and often occur on heart disease.
文摘Sudden cardiac death(SCD),accounting for a substantial part of the forensic autopsy,is a leading cause of mortality worldwide.Lethal arrhythmia due to sodium channel diseases is recognized as one of the most prevalent etiologies of SCD.In these disorders,defective cardiomyocytes,including the pacemaker and the working cardiomyocytes,would manifest as abnormal electrical activity and morphology,thereby predisposing individuals to SCD.It is always a problem for forensic pathologists to adjudicate a sudden death caused by sodium channel diseases since structural changes in those cases are often inconspicuous.With the advent of the molecular autopsy,forensic pathologists can conduct targeted gene testing to identify the risk of SCD for family members of the probands.This review aims to discuss the relationship between SCD and sodium channel diseases,clarify the underlying mechanisms,and provide prophylactic suggestions for the relatives of SCD patients at risk.
