Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)have emerged as innovative energy conversion systems that efficiently convert ambient mechanical energy into electrical power.Carbonaceous materials,known for their exceptional chemi...Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)have emerged as innovative energy conversion systems that efficiently convert ambient mechanical energy into electrical power.Carbonaceous materials,known for their exceptional chemical stability and electrical conductivity,are extensively employed in TENG fabrication.However,the complexity and high cost of conventional carbonaceous materials,such as fullerenes and graphene,have hindered their widespread applications in TENGs.Currently,biomass-derived carbonaceous materials(BDCMs)are positioned as viable candidates owing to their affordability,abundant sources,and environmental friendliness.This review provides a systematic overview of recent advances in BDCM-based TENGs(BDCM-TENGs),encompassing nearly all relevant studies since the introduction of TENGs in January 2012 to May 2025.The focus is on their applications in energy harvesting and selfpowered sensing,including human motion sensing,smart home devices,human-computer interaction,and environmental monitoring.Key synthesis methods for BDCMs and the working principles of BDCM-TENGs are presented.To improve the output performance of BDCM-TENGs,various carbon modification techniques are comprehensively discussed,including nanoparticle doping,surface functionalisation,plasma treatment,ultraviolet radiation,template method,and three-dimensional printing.It was further found that different carbonaceous material modification methods have differences in improving the output properties of the prepared TENGs,in which heteroatom doping and surface functionalisation methods are generally superior.Furthermore,future research directions are proposed to promote the continuous advancement of BDCM-TENGs.展开更多
The structural parameters of nine Indian coals were determined by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Kaman spectroscopy. The study revealed that the coals contain crystalline carbon of turbostratic structure with amorphous...The structural parameters of nine Indian coals were determined by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Kaman spectroscopy. The study revealed that the coals contain crystalline carbon of turbostratic structure with amorphous carbon. The stacking height （Lc） and interlayer spacing （rico2） of the crystallite structure of the coals ranged from 1.986 to 2.373 nm and from 0.334 to 0.340 nm, respectively. The degree of graphitization was calculated to range from 42% to 99%, thereby confirming the ordering of the carbon layers with the increase in coal rank. An exponential correlation was observed among the aromaticity （fa）, the lateral size （La）, and the rank （I20/I26）, suggesting that the coal crystallites are nanocrystalline in nature. A very strong correlation was observed between the structural parameters （fa, d002, Lc, the H/C ratio, and I20/I26）, the volatile matter content, and the elemental carbon content, indicating the structures of coals are controlled by the degree of contact metamorphism. The Raman spectra exhibited two prominent bands： the graphitic band （G） and the fn＇st-order characteristic defect band （D）. The deconvolufion resulted in five peaks： G, D1, D2, D3, and D4. The intense D1 band, which appeared at -1350 cm^-1, corresponds to a lattice vibration mode with Alg symmetry. The D2 mode, which appeared at -1610 cm^-1, arises from the structural disorder as a shoulder on the G band.展开更多
Various novel carbonaceous materials including carbon nanotubes,nano-onions,carbon microspheres,graphene nanosheets,and carbon microfibers with unique properties,such as tunable surface area and pore size,high chemica...Various novel carbonaceous materials including carbon nanotubes,nano-onions,carbon microspheres,graphene nanosheets,and carbon microfibers with unique properties,such as tunable surface area and pore size,high chemical stability,cost-effective and facile preparation,have attracted enormous interest for many applications.Also essential,the activation processes play a critical role to achieve these valuable properties.In this review,we provide a thorough analysis of the emerging nano-and microscopic carbon species with special morphology/textures and currently available types of chemical activation agents,and novel activation strategy to enhance electrochemical performance of activated carbon material in electrical energy storage devices including supercapacitor and alkaline ions batteries.A particular emphasis is set on recent advance in activated carbon materials with special morphology/textures for supercapacitors and sodium ion batteries.展开更多
Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))reduction into chemicals or fuels by electrocatalysis can eff ectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions and alleviate the energy crisis.Currently,CO_(2)electrocatalytic reduction(CO_(2)RR)has been...Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))reduction into chemicals or fuels by electrocatalysis can eff ectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions and alleviate the energy crisis.Currently,CO_(2)electrocatalytic reduction(CO_(2)RR)has been considered as an ideal way to achieve“carbon neutrality.”In CO_(2)RR,the characteristics and properties of catalysts directly determine the reaction activity and selectivity of the catalytic process.Much attention has been paid to carbon-based catalysts because of their diversity,low cost,high availability,and high throughput.However,electrically neutral carbon atoms have no catalytic activity.Incorpo-rating heteroatoms has become an eff ective strategy to control the catalytic activity of carbon-based materials.The doped carbon-based catalysts reported at present show excellent catalytic performance and application potential in CO_(2)RR.Based on the type and quantity of heteroatoms doped into carbon-based catalysts,this review summarizes the performances and catalytic mechanisms of carbon-based materials doped with a single atom(including metal and without metal)and multi atoms(including metal and without metal)in CO_(2)RR and reveals prospects for developing CO_(2)electroreduction in the future.展开更多
Carbonaceous materials can accelerate extracellular electron transfer for the biotransformation of many recalcitrant,redox-sensitive contaminants and have received considerable attention in fields related to anaerobic...Carbonaceous materials can accelerate extracellular electron transfer for the biotransformation of many recalcitrant,redox-sensitive contaminants and have received considerable attention in fields related to anaerobic bioremediation.As important electron shuttles(ESs),carbonaceous materials effectively participate in redox biotransformation processes,especially microbially-driven Fe reduction or oxidation coupled with pollutions transformation and anaerobic fermentation for energy and by-product recovery.The related bioprocesses are reviewed here to show that carbonaceous ESs can facilitate electron transfer between microbes and extracellular substrates.The classification and characteristics of carbon-containing ESs are summarized,with an emphasis on activated carbon,graphene,carbon nanotubes and carbonbased immobilized mediators.The influencing factors,including carbon material properties(redox potential,electron transfer capability and solubility)and environmental factors(temperature,p H,substrate concentration and microbial species),on pollution catalytic efficiency are discussed.Furthermore,we briefly describe the prospects of carbonaceous ESs in the field of microbial-driven environmental remediation.展开更多
The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is a cornerstone inelectrochemical energy conversion and chemical synthesis,with its four-electron and two-electron transfer pathwaysserving distinct purposes:efficient fuel cell oper...The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is a cornerstone inelectrochemical energy conversion and chemical synthesis,with its four-electron and two-electron transfer pathwaysserving distinct purposes:efficient fuel cell operation andsustainable hydrogen peroxide production,respectively.Akey challenge in ORR is the development of low-cost andefficient electrocatalysts that can achieve selective controlover either the two-electron or four-electron pathway.Car-bonaceous materials have emerged as promising candidatesfor addressing this challenge due to their abundance,highefficiency,and versatile structural tunability.By manipulat-ing the type of heteroatoms or the configuration of defectsin the carbon materials,it is possible to effectively regulateselectivity toward distinct pathways.This review provides anoverview of recent advancements in the design and engi-neering of carbonaceous materials to regulate ORR selectivi-ty,focusing on the three strate gies of heteroatom doping,defect engineering,and their synergistic integration.In theend,we discuss the current challenges and future perspec-tives on advancing the rational design of carbonaceouscatalysts with tailored selectivity for different ORR path-ways.These insights will aid in the development of sustain-able and highly selective electrocatalysts for clean energytechnologies and other industrial applications.展开更多
An extremely effortless method was applied for successful synthesis of mesoporous carbonaceous materials(MCMs) using well-ordered mesoporous silica as template. Various characterizations(scanning electron microscopy(S...An extremely effortless method was applied for successful synthesis of mesoporous carbonaceous materials(MCMs) using well-ordered mesoporous silica as template. Various characterizations(scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), Brunner-Emmet-Teller(BET) and Zeta potential) confirmed that MCMs had large surface area, uniform pore size distribution, and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups. The batch techniques were employed to study U(VI) adsorption on MCMs under a wide range of experiment conditions. The adsorption kinetics of U(VI) onto MCMs were well-fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating a chemisorption process. The excellent adsorption capacity of MCMs calculated from the Langmuir model was 293.95 mg g^(-1) at pH 4.0. The FT-IR and XPS analyses further evidenced that the binding of U(VI) onto MCMs was ascribed to the plentiful adsorption sites(–OH and –COOH groups) in the internal mesoporous structure, which could efficiently trap vip U(VI) ions. The results presented herein revealed that MCMs were ideal adsorbents in the efficient elimination of uranium or other lanthanides/actinides from aqueous solutions, which would play an important role in environmental pollution management application.展开更多
Carbonaceous materials for lithium(Li)/sodium(Na)-ion batteries have attracted significant attention because of their widespread availability,renewable nature,and low cost.During the past decades,although great effort...Carbonaceous materials for lithium(Li)/sodium(Na)-ion batteries have attracted significant attention because of their widespread availability,renewable nature,and low cost.During the past decades,although great efforts have been devoted to developing high-performance carbonaceous materials with high capacity,long life span,and excellent rate capability,the low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)of high-capacity carbonaceous materials seriously limits their practical applications.Various methods have been successfully exploited,and a revolutionary impact has been achieved through the utilization of different techniques.Different carbonaceous materials possess different ion storage mechanisms,which means that the initial capacity loss may vary.However,there has rarely been a special review about the origins of and progress in the ICE for carbonaceous materials from the angle of the crystal structure.Hence,in this review,the structural differences between and ion storage mechanisms of various carbonaceous materials are first introduced.Then,we deduce the correlative factors of low ICE and thereafter summarize the proposed strategies to address these issues.Finally,some challenges,perspectives,and future directions on the ICE of carbonaceous materials are given.This review will provide deep insights into the challenges of improving the ICE of carbonaceous anodes for high-energy Li/Na-ion batteries,which will greatly contribute to their commercialization process.展开更多
The widespread organic pollutants in wastewater are one of the global environmental problems.Advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)are widely used because of their characteristics of high efficiency and strong oxidation.H...The widespread organic pollutants in wastewater are one of the global environmental problems.Advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)are widely used because of their characteristics of high efficiency and strong oxidation.However,AOPs may have some defects,such as incomplete mineralization of organic pollutants and the generation of toxic by-products during the degradation process,thus it is essential to seek efficient and green wastewater treatment technologies.Coupling different AOPs or other processes is beneficial for the mineralization of pollutants and reduces ecological risks to the environment.It is worth noting that carbonaceous materials(CMs)have received widespread attention and application in the degradation of organic pollutants in water by advanced oxidation coupling processes(C-AOPs)due to their excellent physicochemical properties in recent years.However,the behaviors and mechanisms of C-AOPs based on CMs on the degradation of organic pollutants are still unknown.Therefore,it is essential to comprehensively summarize the recent research progress.In this review,the applications of different CMs in C-AOPs were reviewed first.Secondly,the synergistic mechanisms of the C-AOPs based on different CMs were discussed.Then,toxic intermediates were explored and important toxicity assessment methods were proposed.Finally,the application potential of the C-AOPs in the future and the challenges were proposed.This review provides an important reference for the application and optimization of the C-AOPs in organic wastewater treatment in the future.展开更多
Hydrogen has gained enormous relevance due to its lower carbon footprint and its potential role in balancing energy supply and demand.It is being considered as a sustainable substitute for conventional fuels.The gener...Hydrogen has gained enormous relevance due to its lower carbon footprint and its potential role in balancing energy supply and demand.It is being considered as a sustainable substitute for conventional fuels.The generation of hydrogen using renewable energy sources is still in development,with a significant challenge lying in the efficient and safe storage of hydrogen due to its low energy density.This challenge hinders the widespread adoption of hydrogen.Compression and liquefaction methods of storage face issues of losses that reduce their effectiveness.The technology for hydrogen storage has advanced significantly in the past few years,driven by recent enhancements in synthesizing carbonaceous materials with hydrogen storage capabilities.This article critically reviews novel carbonaceous materials for hydrogen storage,including biochar,activated carbon,carbon nanotubes,carbon nanocomposites,carbon aerogel,fullerenes,MXenes,graphite,graphene and its derivatives.Effective hydrogen adsorption using microporous materials,such as activated carbons,is crucial,sparking interest in economically viable options for hydrogen storage.Despite this,a significant amount of work still needs to be accomplished before the potential and advantages of the hydrogen economy can be fully realized and utilized by manufacturers and academics.展开更多
Distinct from"rockingchair"lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),the unique anionic intercalation chemistry on the cathode side of dual-ion batteries(DIBs)endows them with intrinsic advantages of low cost,high voltage...Distinct from"rockingchair"lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),the unique anionic intercalation chemistry on the cathode side of dual-ion batteries(DIBs)endows them with intrinsic advantages of low cost,high voltage,and ecofriendly,which is attracting widespread attention,and is expected to achieve the next generation of large-scale energy storage applications.Although the electrochemical reactions on the anode side of DIBs are similar to that of LIBs,in fact,to match the rapid insertion kinetics of anions on the cathode side and consider the compatibility with electrolyte system which also serves as an active material,the anode materials play a very important role,and there is an urgent demand for rational structural design and performance optimization.A review and summarization of previous studies will facilitate the exploration and optimization of DIBs in the future.Here,we summarize the development process and working mechanism of DIBs and exhaustively categorize the latest research of DIBs anode materials and their applications in different battery systems.Moreover,the structural design,reaction mechanism and electrochemical performance of anode materials are briefly discussed.Finally,the fundamental challenges,potential strategies and perspectives are also put forward.It is hoped that this review could shed some light for researchers to explore more superior anode materials and advanced systems to further promote the development of DIBs.展开更多
Under the joint assistance of its excellent storage strength, accessible long storage lifespan, and high heat utilization efficiency, salt hydrate-based thermochemical heat storage(THS) materials give renewable energy...Under the joint assistance of its excellent storage strength, accessible long storage lifespan, and high heat utilization efficiency, salt hydrate-based thermochemical heat storage(THS) materials give renewable energy an important outlet to alleviate the pressure of underutilization. Herein, an activated hollow spherical carbon(AHSC) with hierarchical porous architectures converted from covalent-organic frameworks(COFs) is constructed and utilized as the supporting matrix for Li OH.THS composite material for the first time. The obtained Li/AHSC_(3) composites have distinguished hydration performance while manifesting impressive storage ability up to 1916.4 k J kg^(-1)with low operating temperature stemming from the collective effect of the void spherical framework, multimodal porosity, and high surface area of AHSC3. And the Li/AHSC3-40 composite with evidently progressed thermal conductivity is capable of realizing 94.5% heat preservation after twenty-five adsorption-desorption cycles, exhibiting its eminent cyclability and great heat transfer performance. This study not only brings new hope for overcoming the underutilization of low-grade heat but also may enlighten new ideas for enriching the application scenarios of COFs-derived carbonaceous materials.展开更多
Supercapacitors have emerged as a promising class of energy storage technologies,renowned for their impressive specifi c capacities and reliable cycling performance.These attributes are increasingly signifi cant amid ...Supercapacitors have emerged as a promising class of energy storage technologies,renowned for their impressive specifi c capacities and reliable cycling performance.These attributes are increasingly signifi cant amid the growing environmental challenges stemming from rapid global economic growth and increased fossil fuel consumption.The electrochemical performance of supercapacitors largely depends on the properties of the electrode materials used.Among these,iron-based sulfi de(IBS)materials have attracted signifi cant attention for use as anode materials owing to their high specifi c capacity,eco-friendliness,and cost-eff ectiveness.Despite these advantages,IBS electrode materials often face challenges such as poor electrical conductivity,compromised chemical stability,and large volume changes during charge–discharge cycles.This review article comprehensively examines recent research eff orts aiming at improving the performance of IBS materials,focusing on three main approaches:nanostructure design(including 0D nanoparticles,1D nanowires,2D nanosheets,and 3D structures),composite development(including carbonaceous materials,metal compounds,and polymers),and material defect engineering(through doping and vacancy introduction).The article sheds light on novel concepts and methodologies designed to address the inherent limitations of IBS electrode materials in supercapacitors.These conceptual frameworks and strategic interventions are expected to be applied to other nanomaterials,driving advancements in electrochemical energy conversion.展开更多
This study presents the development of carbonaceous adsorbents derived from teak wood waste for the removal of heavy metals,such as lead(Pb^(2+)),copper(Cu^(2+)),and cadmium(Cd^(2+))from aqueous solutions.The adsorben...This study presents the development of carbonaceous adsorbents derived from teak wood waste for the removal of heavy metals,such as lead(Pb^(2+)),copper(Cu^(2+)),and cadmium(Cd^(2+))from aqueous solutions.The adsorbents-hydrochar(TH),biochar(TB),and activated carbon(TAC)-were synthesized through thermal and chemical activation processes and further enhanced by graft copolymerization using acrylic acid.Comprehensive characterizations,including SEM,EDS,XPS,BET,and FTIR,revealed that grafting significantly increased surface functional groups(COOH and OH),thereby improving adsorption capacities.Adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir model,indicating a chemisorption mechanism dominated by ion exchange and complexation.Postgrafting,maximum adsorption capacities for Pb^(2+)increased from 116 mg/g(TH)to 294 mg/g(THG),Cu^(2+)from 84 mg/g(TH)to 164 mg/g(THG),and Cd^(2+)from 106 mg/g(TH)to 170 mg/g(THG).The study concludes that grafted teak-based materials hold high potential as cost-effective and efficient adsorbents for water purification applications,contributing to sustainable waste management and environmental protection.展开更多
The technology of preparing reaction burning silicon carbide (RBSC) by replacing SiC/C with entirely carbonaceous raw materials is investigated. Experimental results show the predominant factors of successfully prepar...The technology of preparing reaction burning silicon carbide (RBSC) by replacing SiC/C with entirely carbonaceous raw materials is investigated. Experimental results show the predominant factors of successfully preparing RBSC are as following:strictly controlling the porosity and pore diameter of biscuit, obtaining ideal carbon network permeating of Si and completely reaction between Si and beta-SiC.展开更多
Printed and flexible electronics are definitely promising cutting-edge electronic technologies of the future. They offer a wide-variety of applications such as flexible circuits, flexible displays, flexible solar cell...Printed and flexible electronics are definitely promising cutting-edge electronic technologies of the future. They offer a wide-variety of applications such as flexible circuits, flexible displays, flexible solar cells, skinlike pressure sensors, and radio frequency identification tags in our daily life. As the most-fundamental component of electronics, electrodes are made of conductive materials that play a key role in flexible and printed electronic devices. In this review, various inorganic conductive materials and strategies for obtaining highly conductive and uniform electrodes are demonstrated. Applications of printed electrodes fabricated via these strategies are also described. Nevertheless, there are a number of challenges yet to overcome to optimize the processing and performance of printed electrodes.展开更多
A unique“integrated hard-templating strategy”is described for facile synthesis of a carbonaceous material with a novel three-dimensional(3 D)branched hollow architecture.A set of steps,including template formation,s...A unique“integrated hard-templating strategy”is described for facile synthesis of a carbonaceous material with a novel three-dimensional(3 D)branched hollow architecture.A set of steps,including template formation,surface coating and template removal,all occur in a spontaneous and orderly manner in the one-pot hydrothermal process.Investigations on structural evolution during the process reveal that pre-synthesized zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8)nanoparticles are first dissociated and then self-assembled into 3 D branched superstructures of ZnO as templates.Initial self-assembly is followed by coating of the glucose-derived carbonaceous materials and etching of interior ZnO by organic acids released in situ by hydrolysis of glucose.The 3 D-branched hollow architecture is shown to greatly enhance supercapacitor performance.The research described here provides guidance into the development of strategies for complex hollow carbonaceous architectures for a variety of potential applications.展开更多
Microorganisms are rich in heteroatoms,which can be self-doped to form active sites during pyrolysis and loaded on microbederived carbonaceous materials.In recent years,microbe-derived carbonaceous materials,character...Microorganisms are rich in heteroatoms,which can be self-doped to form active sites during pyrolysis and loaded on microbederived carbonaceous materials.In recent years,microbe-derived carbonaceous materials,characterized with abundant selfdoping sites,have been continuously developed as cost-effective electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).To fully unlock the catalytic potential of microbe-derived carbonaceous materials,a comprehensive analysis of catalytic sites and mechanisms for ORR is essential.This paper provides a summary of the ORR catalytic performance of microbe-derived carbonaceous materials reported to date,with a specific focus on the self-doping sites introduced during their pyrolytic fabrication.It highlights the mono-or co-doping sites involving nonmetallic elements such as oxygen(O),nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and sulfur(S)atoms,as well as covers the doping of metallic iron(Fe)atoms with various coordination configurations in microbe-derived carbonaceous materials.Understanding the impact of these self-doping sites on ORR catalytic performance can guide the design of doping sites in microbe-derived carbonaceous materials.This approach has the potential to maximize electrocatalytic activity of microbe-derived carbonaceous materials and contributes to the development of more efficient and cost-effective carbonaceous electrocatalysts.展开更多
MXenes,an extensive family of two-dimensional(2D)materials,have attracted significant attention across diverse fields owing to their exceptional biological,optoelectronic,mechanical,and chemical properties,enabling th...MXenes,an extensive family of two-dimensional(2D)materials,have attracted significant attention across diverse fields owing to their exceptional biological,optoelectronic,mechanical,and chemical properties,enabling their application in numerous fields.Among these,photothermal water evaporation(PWE)has emerged as a particularly promising approach in wastewater treatment,driven by the escalating demand for fresh and pure water.Despite the development of various evaporators to address water scarcity,challenges such as low evaporation efficiency and limited scalability hinder their practical implementation.Over the past decade,MXenes have gained substantial interest owing to their unique elemental composition,porous structure,and surface terminations,which result in remarkable physical and chemical properties that depend on their synthesis methods.However,a key challenge in leveraging MXenes lies in their inherent instability,as they are prone to rapid oxidation upon exposure to air.Stabilizing pristine MXenes is,therefore,critical for their long-term application in PWE.This review highlights strategies to enhance the oxidation stability of MXenes through the incorporation of protective materials such as polymers,delignified wood(DW),and carbonaceous compounds,thereby improving their performance in PWE systems.Furthermore,this review delves into the development of MXene-based composite materials,exploring factors and mechanisms pertinent to their role in PWE.This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the field of wastewater treatment.展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52376216)。
文摘Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)have emerged as innovative energy conversion systems that efficiently convert ambient mechanical energy into electrical power.Carbonaceous materials,known for their exceptional chemical stability and electrical conductivity,are extensively employed in TENG fabrication.However,the complexity and high cost of conventional carbonaceous materials,such as fullerenes and graphene,have hindered their widespread applications in TENGs.Currently,biomass-derived carbonaceous materials(BDCMs)are positioned as viable candidates owing to their affordability,abundant sources,and environmental friendliness.This review provides a systematic overview of recent advances in BDCM-based TENGs(BDCM-TENGs),encompassing nearly all relevant studies since the introduction of TENGs in January 2012 to May 2025.The focus is on their applications in energy harvesting and selfpowered sensing,including human motion sensing,smart home devices,human-computer interaction,and environmental monitoring.Key synthesis methods for BDCMs and the working principles of BDCM-TENGs are presented.To improve the output performance of BDCM-TENGs,various carbon modification techniques are comprehensively discussed,including nanoparticle doping,surface functionalisation,plasma treatment,ultraviolet radiation,template method,and three-dimensional printing.It was further found that different carbonaceous material modification methods have differences in improving the output properties of the prepared TENGs,in which heteroatom doping and surface functionalisation methods are generally superior.Furthermore,future research directions are proposed to promote the continuous advancement of BDCM-TENGs.
文摘The structural parameters of nine Indian coals were determined by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Kaman spectroscopy. The study revealed that the coals contain crystalline carbon of turbostratic structure with amorphous carbon. The stacking height （Lc） and interlayer spacing （rico2） of the crystallite structure of the coals ranged from 1.986 to 2.373 nm and from 0.334 to 0.340 nm, respectively. The degree of graphitization was calculated to range from 42% to 99%, thereby confirming the ordering of the carbon layers with the increase in coal rank. An exponential correlation was observed among the aromaticity （fa）, the lateral size （La）, and the rank （I20/I26）, suggesting that the coal crystallites are nanocrystalline in nature. A very strong correlation was observed between the structural parameters （fa, d002, Lc, the H/C ratio, and I20/I26）, the volatile matter content, and the elemental carbon content, indicating the structures of coals are controlled by the degree of contact metamorphism. The Raman spectra exhibited two prominent bands： the graphitic band （G） and the fn＇st-order characteristic defect band （D）. The deconvolufion resulted in five peaks： G, D1, D2, D3, and D4. The intense D1 band, which appeared at -1350 cm^-1, corresponds to a lattice vibration mode with Alg symmetry. The D2 mode, which appeared at -1610 cm^-1, arises from the structural disorder as a shoulder on the G band.
基金financially supported by the Natural National Science Foundation of China(51972281)the foundation of State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology in Yanshan University。
文摘Various novel carbonaceous materials including carbon nanotubes,nano-onions,carbon microspheres,graphene nanosheets,and carbon microfibers with unique properties,such as tunable surface area and pore size,high chemical stability,cost-effective and facile preparation,have attracted enormous interest for many applications.Also essential,the activation processes play a critical role to achieve these valuable properties.In this review,we provide a thorough analysis of the emerging nano-and microscopic carbon species with special morphology/textures and currently available types of chemical activation agents,and novel activation strategy to enhance electrochemical performance of activated carbon material in electrical energy storage devices including supercapacitor and alkaline ions batteries.A particular emphasis is set on recent advance in activated carbon materials with special morphology/textures for supercapacitors and sodium ion batteries.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (B02020208088, H2020206514, and B2021208074)the S&T Program of Hebei Province (20544401D, 20314401D, 206Z4406G, 21314402D, 21344601D, 22344402D, and 22373709D)the Research Start-up Funding at Hebei University of Science and Technology (1181381)
文摘Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))reduction into chemicals or fuels by electrocatalysis can eff ectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions and alleviate the energy crisis.Currently,CO_(2)electrocatalytic reduction(CO_(2)RR)has been considered as an ideal way to achieve“carbon neutrality.”In CO_(2)RR,the characteristics and properties of catalysts directly determine the reaction activity and selectivity of the catalytic process.Much attention has been paid to carbon-based catalysts because of their diversity,low cost,high availability,and high throughput.However,electrically neutral carbon atoms have no catalytic activity.Incorpo-rating heteroatoms has become an eff ective strategy to control the catalytic activity of carbon-based materials.The doped carbon-based catalysts reported at present show excellent catalytic performance and application potential in CO_(2)RR.Based on the type and quantity of heteroatoms doped into carbon-based catalysts,this review summarizes the performances and catalytic mechanisms of carbon-based materials doped with a single atom(including metal and without metal)and multi atoms(including metal and without metal)in CO_(2)RR and reveals prospects for developing CO_(2)electroreduction in the future.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B110205004)the Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams(No.2019ZT08L213)+1 种基金the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(No.GML2019ZD0403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52000039)。
文摘Carbonaceous materials can accelerate extracellular electron transfer for the biotransformation of many recalcitrant,redox-sensitive contaminants and have received considerable attention in fields related to anaerobic bioremediation.As important electron shuttles(ESs),carbonaceous materials effectively participate in redox biotransformation processes,especially microbially-driven Fe reduction or oxidation coupled with pollutions transformation and anaerobic fermentation for energy and by-product recovery.The related bioprocesses are reviewed here to show that carbonaceous ESs can facilitate electron transfer between microbes and extracellular substrates.The classification and characteristics of carbon-containing ESs are summarized,with an emphasis on activated carbon,graphene,carbon nanotubes and carbonbased immobilized mediators.The influencing factors,including carbon material properties(redox potential,electron transfer capability and solubility)and environmental factors(temperature,p H,substrate concentration and microbial species),on pollution catalytic efficiency are discussed.Furthermore,we briefly describe the prospects of carbonaceous ESs in the field of microbial-driven environmental remediation.
基金supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of china(grant nos.22405066,22375o67,21925104,922612o4,and 224310o5)the National Key Researchand Development Program of China(grant nos.2022YFA1504703and 2o22YFB4002204)+3 种基金Hubei Provincial Science and TechnologyInnovation Team Project(2o22)the Innovational Fund for Sci-entific and Technological Personnel of Hainan Province(grant no.KJRC2o23C1o)the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman Uni-versity Researchers Supporting Project number(grant no.PNURSP2025R398)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman Univer-sity,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is a cornerstone inelectrochemical energy conversion and chemical synthesis,with its four-electron and two-electron transfer pathwaysserving distinct purposes:efficient fuel cell operation andsustainable hydrogen peroxide production,respectively.Akey challenge in ORR is the development of low-cost andefficient electrocatalysts that can achieve selective controlover either the two-electron or four-electron pathway.Car-bonaceous materials have emerged as promising candidatesfor addressing this challenge due to their abundance,highefficiency,and versatile structural tunability.By manipulat-ing the type of heteroatoms or the configuration of defectsin the carbon materials,it is possible to effectively regulateselectivity toward distinct pathways.This review provides anoverview of recent advancements in the design and engi-neering of carbonaceous materials to regulate ORR selectivi-ty,focusing on the three strate gies of heteroatom doping,defect engineering,and their synergistic integration.In theend,we discuss the current challenges and future perspec-tives on advancing the rational design of carbonaceouscatalysts with tailored selectivity for different ORR path-ways.These insights will aid in the development of sustain-able and highly selective electrocatalysts for clean energytechnologies and other industrial applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91326202,21577032)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JB2015001,JB2017057)the Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘An extremely effortless method was applied for successful synthesis of mesoporous carbonaceous materials(MCMs) using well-ordered mesoporous silica as template. Various characterizations(scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), Brunner-Emmet-Teller(BET) and Zeta potential) confirmed that MCMs had large surface area, uniform pore size distribution, and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups. The batch techniques were employed to study U(VI) adsorption on MCMs under a wide range of experiment conditions. The adsorption kinetics of U(VI) onto MCMs were well-fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating a chemisorption process. The excellent adsorption capacity of MCMs calculated from the Langmuir model was 293.95 mg g^(-1) at pH 4.0. The FT-IR and XPS analyses further evidenced that the binding of U(VI) onto MCMs was ascribed to the plentiful adsorption sites(–OH and –COOH groups) in the internal mesoporous structure, which could efficiently trap vip U(VI) ions. The results presented herein revealed that MCMs were ideal adsorbents in the efficient elimination of uranium or other lanthanides/actinides from aqueous solutions, which would play an important role in environmental pollution management application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21905306,21975289,U19A2019)Hunan Province Natural Science Foundation(2020JJ5694)+1 种基金Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project of China(2017TP1001,2020JJ2042)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central South University(2020zzts060).
文摘Carbonaceous materials for lithium(Li)/sodium(Na)-ion batteries have attracted significant attention because of their widespread availability,renewable nature,and low cost.During the past decades,although great efforts have been devoted to developing high-performance carbonaceous materials with high capacity,long life span,and excellent rate capability,the low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)of high-capacity carbonaceous materials seriously limits their practical applications.Various methods have been successfully exploited,and a revolutionary impact has been achieved through the utilization of different techniques.Different carbonaceous materials possess different ion storage mechanisms,which means that the initial capacity loss may vary.However,there has rarely been a special review about the origins of and progress in the ICE for carbonaceous materials from the angle of the crystal structure.Hence,in this review,the structural differences between and ion storage mechanisms of various carbonaceous materials are first introduced.Then,we deduce the correlative factors of low ICE and thereafter summarize the proposed strategies to address these issues.Finally,some challenges,perspectives,and future directions on the ICE of carbonaceous materials are given.This review will provide deep insights into the challenges of improving the ICE of carbonaceous anodes for high-energy Li/Na-ion batteries,which will greatly contribute to their commercialization process.
基金Project of Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province[ZK(2022)016]Special Fund for Outstanding Youth Talents of Science and Technology of Guizhou Province[YQK[2023]014]+1 种基金Special Research Fund of Natural Science(Special Post)of Guizhou University[(2020)01]Key Cultivation Program of Guizhou University[2019(08)].
文摘The widespread organic pollutants in wastewater are one of the global environmental problems.Advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)are widely used because of their characteristics of high efficiency and strong oxidation.However,AOPs may have some defects,such as incomplete mineralization of organic pollutants and the generation of toxic by-products during the degradation process,thus it is essential to seek efficient and green wastewater treatment technologies.Coupling different AOPs or other processes is beneficial for the mineralization of pollutants and reduces ecological risks to the environment.It is worth noting that carbonaceous materials(CMs)have received widespread attention and application in the degradation of organic pollutants in water by advanced oxidation coupling processes(C-AOPs)due to their excellent physicochemical properties in recent years.However,the behaviors and mechanisms of C-AOPs based on CMs on the degradation of organic pollutants are still unknown.Therefore,it is essential to comprehensively summarize the recent research progress.In this review,the applications of different CMs in C-AOPs were reviewed first.Secondly,the synergistic mechanisms of the C-AOPs based on different CMs were discussed.Then,toxic intermediates were explored and important toxicity assessment methods were proposed.Finally,the application potential of the C-AOPs in the future and the challenges were proposed.This review provides an important reference for the application and optimization of the C-AOPs in organic wastewater treatment in the future.
基金Indian Council of Agriculture Research(ICAR),Government of India,for providing a Research Fellowship(F.No.AGRIL.EDN/1/1/2022-Exam Cell Dated:24.02.2022).
文摘Hydrogen has gained enormous relevance due to its lower carbon footprint and its potential role in balancing energy supply and demand.It is being considered as a sustainable substitute for conventional fuels.The generation of hydrogen using renewable energy sources is still in development,with a significant challenge lying in the efficient and safe storage of hydrogen due to its low energy density.This challenge hinders the widespread adoption of hydrogen.Compression and liquefaction methods of storage face issues of losses that reduce their effectiveness.The technology for hydrogen storage has advanced significantly in the past few years,driven by recent enhancements in synthesizing carbonaceous materials with hydrogen storage capabilities.This article critically reviews novel carbonaceous materials for hydrogen storage,including biochar,activated carbon,carbon nanotubes,carbon nanocomposites,carbon aerogel,fullerenes,MXenes,graphite,graphene and its derivatives.Effective hydrogen adsorption using microporous materials,such as activated carbons,is crucial,sparking interest in economically viable options for hydrogen storage.Despite this,a significant amount of work still needs to be accomplished before the potential and advantages of the hydrogen economy can be fully realized and utilized by manufacturers and academics.
基金financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075089)the Project of Science and Technology of Jieyang City(2019026)the Fundamental and Applied Fundamental Research Project of Zhuhai City(22017003200023).
文摘Distinct from"rockingchair"lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),the unique anionic intercalation chemistry on the cathode side of dual-ion batteries(DIBs)endows them with intrinsic advantages of low cost,high voltage,and ecofriendly,which is attracting widespread attention,and is expected to achieve the next generation of large-scale energy storage applications.Although the electrochemical reactions on the anode side of DIBs are similar to that of LIBs,in fact,to match the rapid insertion kinetics of anions on the cathode side and consider the compatibility with electrolyte system which also serves as an active material,the anode materials play a very important role,and there is an urgent demand for rational structural design and performance optimization.A review and summarization of previous studies will facilitate the exploration and optimization of DIBs in the future.Here,we summarize the development process and working mechanism of DIBs and exhaustively categorize the latest research of DIBs anode materials and their applications in different battery systems.Moreover,the structural design,reaction mechanism and electrochemical performance of anode materials are briefly discussed.Finally,the fundamental challenges,potential strategies and perspectives are also put forward.It is hoped that this review could shed some light for researchers to explore more superior anode materials and advanced systems to further promote the development of DIBs.
基金the support from the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2020B0202010004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52071192)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS (QYZDY-SSW-JSC038)。
文摘Under the joint assistance of its excellent storage strength, accessible long storage lifespan, and high heat utilization efficiency, salt hydrate-based thermochemical heat storage(THS) materials give renewable energy an important outlet to alleviate the pressure of underutilization. Herein, an activated hollow spherical carbon(AHSC) with hierarchical porous architectures converted from covalent-organic frameworks(COFs) is constructed and utilized as the supporting matrix for Li OH.THS composite material for the first time. The obtained Li/AHSC_(3) composites have distinguished hydration performance while manifesting impressive storage ability up to 1916.4 k J kg^(-1)with low operating temperature stemming from the collective effect of the void spherical framework, multimodal porosity, and high surface area of AHSC3. And the Li/AHSC3-40 composite with evidently progressed thermal conductivity is capable of realizing 94.5% heat preservation after twenty-five adsorption-desorption cycles, exhibiting its eminent cyclability and great heat transfer performance. This study not only brings new hope for overcoming the underutilization of low-grade heat but also may enlighten new ideas for enriching the application scenarios of COFs-derived carbonaceous materials.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52378217)National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(No.202310611117).
文摘Supercapacitors have emerged as a promising class of energy storage technologies,renowned for their impressive specifi c capacities and reliable cycling performance.These attributes are increasingly signifi cant amid the growing environmental challenges stemming from rapid global economic growth and increased fossil fuel consumption.The electrochemical performance of supercapacitors largely depends on the properties of the electrode materials used.Among these,iron-based sulfi de(IBS)materials have attracted signifi cant attention for use as anode materials owing to their high specifi c capacity,eco-friendliness,and cost-eff ectiveness.Despite these advantages,IBS electrode materials often face challenges such as poor electrical conductivity,compromised chemical stability,and large volume changes during charge–discharge cycles.This review article comprehensively examines recent research eff orts aiming at improving the performance of IBS materials,focusing on three main approaches:nanostructure design(including 0D nanoparticles,1D nanowires,2D nanosheets,and 3D structures),composite development(including carbonaceous materials,metal compounds,and polymers),and material defect engineering(through doping and vacancy introduction).The article sheds light on novel concepts and methodologies designed to address the inherent limitations of IBS electrode materials in supercapacitors.These conceptual frameworks and strategic interventions are expected to be applied to other nanomaterials,driving advancements in electrochemical energy conversion.
文摘This study presents the development of carbonaceous adsorbents derived from teak wood waste for the removal of heavy metals,such as lead(Pb^(2+)),copper(Cu^(2+)),and cadmium(Cd^(2+))from aqueous solutions.The adsorbents-hydrochar(TH),biochar(TB),and activated carbon(TAC)-were synthesized through thermal and chemical activation processes and further enhanced by graft copolymerization using acrylic acid.Comprehensive characterizations,including SEM,EDS,XPS,BET,and FTIR,revealed that grafting significantly increased surface functional groups(COOH and OH),thereby improving adsorption capacities.Adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir model,indicating a chemisorption mechanism dominated by ion exchange and complexation.Postgrafting,maximum adsorption capacities for Pb^(2+)increased from 116 mg/g(TH)to 294 mg/g(THG),Cu^(2+)from 84 mg/g(TH)to 164 mg/g(THG),and Cd^(2+)from 106 mg/g(TH)to 170 mg/g(THG).The study concludes that grafted teak-based materials hold high potential as cost-effective and efficient adsorbents for water purification applications,contributing to sustainable waste management and environmental protection.
文摘The technology of preparing reaction burning silicon carbide (RBSC) by replacing SiC/C with entirely carbonaceous raw materials is investigated. Experimental results show the predominant factors of successfully preparing RBSC are as following:strictly controlling the porosity and pore diameter of biscuit, obtaining ideal carbon network permeating of Si and completely reaction between Si and beta-SiC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51475093,U1632115)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.14JC1400200)+1 种基金the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(No.2015ZX02102-003)the Changjiang Young Scholars Programme of China
文摘Printed and flexible electronics are definitely promising cutting-edge electronic technologies of the future. They offer a wide-variety of applications such as flexible circuits, flexible displays, flexible solar cells, skinlike pressure sensors, and radio frequency identification tags in our daily life. As the most-fundamental component of electronics, electrodes are made of conductive materials that play a key role in flexible and printed electronic devices. In this review, various inorganic conductive materials and strategies for obtaining highly conductive and uniform electrodes are demonstrated. Applications of printed electrodes fabricated via these strategies are also described. Nevertheless, there are a number of challenges yet to overcome to optimize the processing and performance of printed electrodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21872105,22072107)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ20B030001 and LY20E020002)。
文摘A unique“integrated hard-templating strategy”is described for facile synthesis of a carbonaceous material with a novel three-dimensional(3 D)branched hollow architecture.A set of steps,including template formation,surface coating and template removal,all occur in a spontaneous and orderly manner in the one-pot hydrothermal process.Investigations on structural evolution during the process reveal that pre-synthesized zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8)nanoparticles are first dissociated and then self-assembled into 3 D branched superstructures of ZnO as templates.Initial self-assembly is followed by coating of the glucose-derived carbonaceous materials and etching of interior ZnO by organic acids released in situ by hydrolysis of glucose.The 3 D-branched hollow architecture is shown to greatly enhance supercapacitor performance.The research described here provides guidance into the development of strategies for complex hollow carbonaceous architectures for a variety of potential applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22025603,22236007,and 42021005).
文摘Microorganisms are rich in heteroatoms,which can be self-doped to form active sites during pyrolysis and loaded on microbederived carbonaceous materials.In recent years,microbe-derived carbonaceous materials,characterized with abundant selfdoping sites,have been continuously developed as cost-effective electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).To fully unlock the catalytic potential of microbe-derived carbonaceous materials,a comprehensive analysis of catalytic sites and mechanisms for ORR is essential.This paper provides a summary of the ORR catalytic performance of microbe-derived carbonaceous materials reported to date,with a specific focus on the self-doping sites introduced during their pyrolytic fabrication.It highlights the mono-or co-doping sites involving nonmetallic elements such as oxygen(O),nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and sulfur(S)atoms,as well as covers the doping of metallic iron(Fe)atoms with various coordination configurations in microbe-derived carbonaceous materials.Understanding the impact of these self-doping sites on ORR catalytic performance can guide the design of doping sites in microbe-derived carbonaceous materials.This approach has the potential to maximize electrocatalytic activity of microbe-derived carbonaceous materials and contributes to the development of more efficient and cost-effective carbonaceous electrocatalysts.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22478162,22208128)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20210775)Jiangsu University Senior Talent Funding(Grant No.4111310025).
文摘MXenes,an extensive family of two-dimensional(2D)materials,have attracted significant attention across diverse fields owing to their exceptional biological,optoelectronic,mechanical,and chemical properties,enabling their application in numerous fields.Among these,photothermal water evaporation(PWE)has emerged as a particularly promising approach in wastewater treatment,driven by the escalating demand for fresh and pure water.Despite the development of various evaporators to address water scarcity,challenges such as low evaporation efficiency and limited scalability hinder their practical implementation.Over the past decade,MXenes have gained substantial interest owing to their unique elemental composition,porous structure,and surface terminations,which result in remarkable physical and chemical properties that depend on their synthesis methods.However,a key challenge in leveraging MXenes lies in their inherent instability,as they are prone to rapid oxidation upon exposure to air.Stabilizing pristine MXenes is,therefore,critical for their long-term application in PWE.This review highlights strategies to enhance the oxidation stability of MXenes through the incorporation of protective materials such as polymers,delignified wood(DW),and carbonaceous compounds,thereby improving their performance in PWE systems.Furthermore,this review delves into the development of MXene-based composite materials,exploring factors and mechanisms pertinent to their role in PWE.This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the field of wastewater treatment.
