With electric vehicles(EVs)emerging as a primary mode of transportation,ensuring their reliable operation in harsh environments is crucial.However,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)suffer from severe polarization at low temp...With electric vehicles(EVs)emerging as a primary mode of transportation,ensuring their reliable operation in harsh environments is crucial.However,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)suffer from severe polarization at low temperatures,limiting their operation in cold climates.In addition,difficulties in discovering new battery materials have highlighted a growing demand for innovative electrode designs that achieve high performance,even at low temperatu res.To address this issue,we prepared a thin,resistive,and patterned carbon interlayer on the anode current collector.This carbon-patterned layer(CPL)serves as a self-heating layer to efficiently elevate the entire cell temperature,thus improving the rate capability and cyclability at low temperatures while maintaining the performance at room temperature.Furthermore,we validated the versatile applicability of CPLs to large-format LIB cells through experimental studies and electrochemo-thermal multiphysics modeling and simulations,with the results confirming 11%capacity enhancement in 21,700 cylindrical cells at a 0.5C-rate and-24℃.We expect this electrode design to offer reliable power delivery in harsh climates,thereby potentially expanding the applications of LIBs.展开更多
甘肃省草地是我国碳收支研究的关键区域,其净生态系统生产力(NEP)是衡量碳源/汇功能的核心。然而复杂的地形和气候条件导致该地区NEP估算存在较大不确定性。本研究基于集成生物圈模型(IBIS),模拟了1980—2022年甘肃省草地NEP的时空格局...甘肃省草地是我国碳收支研究的关键区域,其净生态系统生产力(NEP)是衡量碳源/汇功能的核心。然而复杂的地形和气候条件导致该地区NEP估算存在较大不确定性。本研究基于集成生物圈模型(IBIS),模拟了1980—2022年甘肃省草地NEP的时空格局,并结合观测数据验证了模型精度。结果表明,IBIS模型能够较好地模拟该区域草地NEP动态(R^(2)=0.70,P<0.0001)。1980—2022年,甘肃省草地年均NEP为194.5 g m^(-2)·a^(-1)C,呈轻微上升趋势。年均NEP空间格局总体呈现东南高西北低,从东南向西北逐渐递减的趋势。南部草地大部分地区为碳汇区,北部部分干旱草原为碳源区,其NEP分布格局主要由降雨主导。本研究为甘肃省草地碳汇功能评估提供了科学依据,对实现区域“碳中和”目标具有重要参考价值。展开更多
基金financially supported by the Institute of Civil Military Technology Cooperation funded by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration and Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy of Korean government under grant No.22-CM-FC-20the support from the DGIST Supercomputing and Bigdata Center。
文摘With electric vehicles(EVs)emerging as a primary mode of transportation,ensuring their reliable operation in harsh environments is crucial.However,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)suffer from severe polarization at low temperatures,limiting their operation in cold climates.In addition,difficulties in discovering new battery materials have highlighted a growing demand for innovative electrode designs that achieve high performance,even at low temperatu res.To address this issue,we prepared a thin,resistive,and patterned carbon interlayer on the anode current collector.This carbon-patterned layer(CPL)serves as a self-heating layer to efficiently elevate the entire cell temperature,thus improving the rate capability and cyclability at low temperatures while maintaining the performance at room temperature.Furthermore,we validated the versatile applicability of CPLs to large-format LIB cells through experimental studies and electrochemo-thermal multiphysics modeling and simulations,with the results confirming 11%capacity enhancement in 21,700 cylindrical cells at a 0.5C-rate and-24℃.We expect this electrode design to offer reliable power delivery in harsh climates,thereby potentially expanding the applications of LIBs.
文摘甘肃省草地是我国碳收支研究的关键区域,其净生态系统生产力(NEP)是衡量碳源/汇功能的核心。然而复杂的地形和气候条件导致该地区NEP估算存在较大不确定性。本研究基于集成生物圈模型(IBIS),模拟了1980—2022年甘肃省草地NEP的时空格局,并结合观测数据验证了模型精度。结果表明,IBIS模型能够较好地模拟该区域草地NEP动态(R^(2)=0.70,P<0.0001)。1980—2022年,甘肃省草地年均NEP为194.5 g m^(-2)·a^(-1)C,呈轻微上升趋势。年均NEP空间格局总体呈现东南高西北低,从东南向西北逐渐递减的趋势。南部草地大部分地区为碳汇区,北部部分干旱草原为碳源区,其NEP分布格局主要由降雨主导。本研究为甘肃省草地碳汇功能评估提供了科学依据,对实现区域“碳中和”目标具有重要参考价值。
