With electric vehicles(EVs)emerging as a primary mode of transportation,ensuring their reliable operation in harsh environments is crucial.However,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)suffer from severe polarization at low temp...With electric vehicles(EVs)emerging as a primary mode of transportation,ensuring their reliable operation in harsh environments is crucial.However,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)suffer from severe polarization at low temperatures,limiting their operation in cold climates.In addition,difficulties in discovering new battery materials have highlighted a growing demand for innovative electrode designs that achieve high performance,even at low temperatu res.To address this issue,we prepared a thin,resistive,and patterned carbon interlayer on the anode current collector.This carbon-patterned layer(CPL)serves as a self-heating layer to efficiently elevate the entire cell temperature,thus improving the rate capability and cyclability at low temperatures while maintaining the performance at room temperature.Furthermore,we validated the versatile applicability of CPLs to large-format LIB cells through experimental studies and electrochemo-thermal multiphysics modeling and simulations,with the results confirming 11%capacity enhancement in 21,700 cylindrical cells at a 0.5C-rate and-24℃.We expect this electrode design to offer reliable power delivery in harsh climates,thereby potentially expanding the applications of LIBs.展开更多
陆地生态系统碳储量是反映区域生态产品价值核算和增汇减排的重要指标,利用遥感技术开展陆地生态系统碳储量估算与空间反演,可为生态系统固碳潜力及“双碳”目标达成提供重要参考。该文利用Landsat8 OLI影像提取遥感变量,结合单波段、...陆地生态系统碳储量是反映区域生态产品价值核算和增汇减排的重要指标,利用遥感技术开展陆地生态系统碳储量估算与空间反演,可为生态系统固碳潜力及“双碳”目标达成提供重要参考。该文利用Landsat8 OLI影像提取遥感变量,结合单波段、植被指数、纹理因子和地形因子,通过最小信息准则(Akaike information criterion corrected,AICc)和交叉验证(cross-validation,CV)确定最优带宽,采用Gaussian,Bisquare和Exponential核函数构建地理加权回归(geographically weighted regression,GWR)模型估算艾比湖流域碳储量,并与多元线性回归(multiple linear regression,MLR)模型对比,选择最优模型估算碳储量空间分布。结果表明:①GWR模型精度优于MLR模型,以CV与Exponential核函数组合的GWR模型最佳,其精度提升16.31%~66.69%,能较好地反映空间异质性;②2023年流域碳储量约426.28×10^(6)t,地上、地下和土壤碳储量占比分别为31.83%,24.33%和43.28%;③2014—2023年碳储量呈减少趋势,呈现“环艾比湖区低,四周高”的空间格局,其中,以草地生态系统碳储量下降最为显著。展开更多
基金financially supported by the Institute of Civil Military Technology Cooperation funded by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration and Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy of Korean government under grant No.22-CM-FC-20the support from the DGIST Supercomputing and Bigdata Center。
文摘With electric vehicles(EVs)emerging as a primary mode of transportation,ensuring their reliable operation in harsh environments is crucial.However,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)suffer from severe polarization at low temperatures,limiting their operation in cold climates.In addition,difficulties in discovering new battery materials have highlighted a growing demand for innovative electrode designs that achieve high performance,even at low temperatu res.To address this issue,we prepared a thin,resistive,and patterned carbon interlayer on the anode current collector.This carbon-patterned layer(CPL)serves as a self-heating layer to efficiently elevate the entire cell temperature,thus improving the rate capability and cyclability at low temperatures while maintaining the performance at room temperature.Furthermore,we validated the versatile applicability of CPLs to large-format LIB cells through experimental studies and electrochemo-thermal multiphysics modeling and simulations,with the results confirming 11%capacity enhancement in 21,700 cylindrical cells at a 0.5C-rate and-24℃.We expect this electrode design to offer reliable power delivery in harsh climates,thereby potentially expanding the applications of LIBs.
文摘陆地生态系统碳储量是反映区域生态产品价值核算和增汇减排的重要指标,利用遥感技术开展陆地生态系统碳储量估算与空间反演,可为生态系统固碳潜力及“双碳”目标达成提供重要参考。该文利用Landsat8 OLI影像提取遥感变量,结合单波段、植被指数、纹理因子和地形因子,通过最小信息准则(Akaike information criterion corrected,AICc)和交叉验证(cross-validation,CV)确定最优带宽,采用Gaussian,Bisquare和Exponential核函数构建地理加权回归(geographically weighted regression,GWR)模型估算艾比湖流域碳储量,并与多元线性回归(multiple linear regression,MLR)模型对比,选择最优模型估算碳储量空间分布。结果表明:①GWR模型精度优于MLR模型,以CV与Exponential核函数组合的GWR模型最佳,其精度提升16.31%~66.69%,能较好地反映空间异质性;②2023年流域碳储量约426.28×10^(6)t,地上、地下和土壤碳储量占比分别为31.83%,24.33%和43.28%;③2014—2023年碳储量呈减少趋势,呈现“环艾比湖区低,四周高”的空间格局,其中,以草地生态系统碳储量下降最为显著。
